On the Road to the Civil War

The Union in Crisis

CaliforniaMexican-American

War 1846 Wilmont Proviso to

appropriationsNo slavery in any new

terrirtoriesRejected by the Senate

California Gold Rush meant Rush

to Statehood Compromise of 1850

California in as FreeFugitive Slave Act

Popular Sovereignty Proposed by Stephen

DouglasStates choose free or

slave

Fugitive Slave ActAnti-American

No right to trial No 6th Amendment

Rights

Resistance Personal Liberty Laws

Passed by statesChoose not to follow

Fugitive slave laws Underground Railroad Uncle Tom’s Cabin

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Not Political, but Moral

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Introduced by

Stephen DouglasBoth states would

be admitted under Popular Sovereignty

“Bleeding Kansas”Missouri residents

cross into KansasPush pro-slavery voteLecompton

ConstitutionWar breaks out in

Lawrence, KSPottawatomi

Massacre

Bleeding KansasMissouri residents

cross into Kansas Push pro-slavery vote Lecompton Constitution

War breaks out in Lawrence, KS Pro and anti-slavery

forces clash Anti-slavery forces are

routed

Pottawatomi Massacre John Brown seeks

retribution Captures 5 men and kill

them

The Canning of Charles SumnerSumner (S-Mass)

begins to rail against slavery

Attacks Andrew Butler (S-S. Carolina)

Preston BrooksNephew of ButlerEnters Senate floorAttacks Sumner with

his cane Lloyd and Ian

New PartiesWhig Party dies

Takes wrong side on Kansas-Nebraska issue

Free Soil Party Opposed the extension

of slaveryKnow-Nothing Party

Nativists Protestant, middle class

Anti-catholic immigrants

Republican Party Forms in 1854

Lincoln-Douglas Debates: 1858Lincoln challenges

Douglas for his Ill. Senate Seat Seven total debates

Issue: Slavery Lincoln: slavery immoral Douglas: against

agrarian economyFreeport Doctrine

States could get around Scott decision if they chose

Douglas wins!What Could have

been?

Last Chance to Make it RightDred Scott

Sues for freedomEnds up in Supreme

CourtDred Scott v.

Sanford: 1857Roger Taney

delivers decisionSlaves did not have

the rights of citizensAttacks Compromise

of 1820 39th line

The SparkJohn Brown

Abolitionist Radical

Wanted to spark a slave uprising

Harpers Ferry, VA. Oct. 16, 1856 Brown leads 21 men

against federal arsenal Holds 60 people hostage Robert E. Lee advances

with federal troops 10 men killed Brown hung and

condemned by Lincoln

The Election that Changed the Course of History

The Civil War

1860 Republican ConventionSenator Seward

(NY) a shoe inKnown and popularComes to haunt him

Burnt some bridges

LincolnThe underdogLess well knownWins the nomination

No record to hurt him

1860 ElectionThree Candidates

Stephen DouglasBacked by Northern

Democrats John C. Brekinridge

Backed by Southern Democrats

John BellSupported by Know-

Nothings Lincoln

Backed by Republicans

Lincoln wins Not one southern state

SecessionLincoln’s wins creates

Southern fears Lost voice in

Washington D.C.Secession

S. Carolina is firstDec. 20, 1860

Mississippi Jan. 9, 1861Florida follows the next

day Alabama, Georgia,

Louisiana, and Texas follow

ConfederacySecession states

meet on Feb. 4, 1861

Become known as the Confederate States of AmericaWrite their

constitutionSimilar to original,

except explicit about slavery

Jefferson Davis elected President

Lincoln Takes OfficeLincoln

inaugaratedMass resignation by

southerners within government

Lincoln’s attempt to appease SouthSlavery can and will

remain where it isSlavery will not

extend beyond its current limits

Fort SumterSouth begins to take

over all fort and armories in their states

Major one is Fort Sumter in S. Carolina Lincoln: send food but

not more troopsWill not push war

Davis: Attack or look week4:30 am on April 12,

1861 the first shots of the civil war are fired.

Virginia Secedes Big gain for

Confederacy Huge loss for Union

Little Tidbits about the Civil War Rarely Told

The Rest of the Story

Anaconda PlanProposed by Winfield

Scott Idea was to block

seaports and take the Mississippi River

Success or Failure? Union did control the

Miss. Rivercould not stop all

Confederate movement Did blockade the ports

But ¾’s of southern trade still made it through

Cost: Millions then Billions today!

The RailroadIt’s why the North

wonTransportation and

movement of supplies

Track amountNorth dominated

the south Gauges

North: UniformedSouth different

Why important?

ConcessionsMaryland

The middle state Stayed in and supported

the UnionThough majority

southernWhy?

Allowed to keep slavery1864 Election

To help bring country together Lincoln chooses a new running mateAndrew JohnsonA DEMOCRAT

Stonewall JacksonGreatest Civil War

GeneralUnion or

ConfederateUndefeated on the

battle field“God’s commanding

officer”Shot and killed by

his own men

Burning Down the House!Scorched Earth Policy

Burn it all and don’t leave nothing behindAtlanta

Made famous in Gone with the Wind

AndersonvillePrison built by

Confederates in Georgia- 1864

33,000 Union soldiers would win-up there

13,000 would never leave

Capture of Jefferson DavisAttempted to flee

to TexasPossibly cross over

into MexicoFourth Michigan

Calvary captured him outside Macon, Georgia“What a sad state”

Lincoln’s EndShot at Ford’s Theater

on April 14, 1865 Our American Cousin

Died on April 15, 1865Vice President Andrew

Johnson becomes President

Reconstruction begins