Copy the following onto the toptop fifteen lines fifteen lines ofof Portfolio page 41Portfolio page 41.Copy the following onto the toptop fifteen lines fifteen lines ofof Portfolio page 41Portfolio page 41.

Wilmot Proviso

introduced

The Mexican War

The Mexican Cession

Fears of new slave states

Wilmot Proviso defeated

Free Soil Party formed

Congress divided

How did the How did the Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 attemptattempt to to satisfysatisfy both the both the NorthNorth and the and the SouthSouth??

The NorthThe North The SouthThe South

Copy the following onto the bottom bottom halfhalf seven lines seven lines ofof Portfolio page 41Portfolio page 41.Copy the following onto the bottom bottom halfhalf seven lines seven lines ofof Portfolio page 41Portfolio page 41.

How did each man help end the controversy How did each man help end the controversy over California statehood?over California statehood?

Henry Henry ClayClay

Daniel Daniel WebsterWebster

Stephen Stephen DouglasDouglas

Copy the following onto PortfolioPortfolio page 42 page 42.

Copy the following onto PortfolioPortfolio page 42 page 42.

Section 15.1bSection 15.1b: : Growing Tensions Between Growing Tensions Between

NorthNorth andand South South

Section 15.1bSection 15.1b: : Growing Tensions Between Growing Tensions Between

NorthNorth andand South South

Today we will describe how territorial expansion deepened the divisions between the

North and the South.

Today we will describe how territorial expansion deepened the divisions between the

North and the South.

Today’s Vocabulary

• describedescribe – to give details about

• territorial expansionterritorial expansion –making a country bigger by getting new lands

• deependeepen – to make worse

• division – separation

Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?

• What does it mean to ‘describe’?

• What does it mean to ‘deepen’?

• What is territorial expansion?

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise ofof 18201820

•MissouriMissouri – – FREEFREE oror SLAVESLAVE??

• Congress Congress ragedraged back and forth over this… back and forth over this…

• FreeFree State State oror SlaveSlave State State????

• Both sides worried about Both sides worried about whowho would have a would have a majoritymajority in Congress… in Congress…

• In the meantime, In the meantime, MaineMaine alsoalso wanted in… wanted in…

• Henry Clay Henry Clay (House Speaker) proposed (House Speaker) proposed compromise: compromise: Missouri: SlaveMissouri: Slave… … Maine: FreeMaine: Free

• Kept the balance of power in the Senate even..Kept the balance of power in the Senate even..

What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

Missouri Compromise of 1820Missouri Compromise of 1820

After the After the Missouri Missouri Compromise Compromise ofof 18201820, ,

political political disagreementsdisagreements over slavery seemed to over slavery seemed to

go away.go away.

After the After the Missouri Missouri Compromise Compromise ofof 18201820, ,

political political disagreementsdisagreements over slavery seemed to over slavery seemed to

go away.go away.

What We Already Know

The rise of the The rise of the abolition movement abolition movement once once again made many Southerners again made many Southerners distrustful distrustful

of their Northern neighbors.of their Northern neighbors.

The rise of the The rise of the abolition movement abolition movement once once again made many Southerners again made many Southerners distrustful distrustful

of their Northern neighbors.of their Northern neighbors.

What We Already Know

The War with Mexico caused

many Northerners to to

believebelieve thatthat Southerners

wanted to take territory from

MexicoMexico in order to extend extend slaveryslavery.

What We Already Know• AfterAfter the the Mexican WarMexican War, the , the United United

StatesStates gained ownership of a gained ownership of a huge huge new area of landnew area of land known as the known as the Mexican CessionMexican Cession..

• AfterAfter the the Mexican WarMexican War, the , the United United StatesStates gained ownership of a gained ownership of a huge huge new area of landnew area of land known as the known as the Mexican CessionMexican Cession..

The Wilmot ProvisoThe Wilmot Proviso• Many Many NorthernersNortherners fearedfeared that that slaveryslavery

would would expandexpand into the Mexican Cession. into the Mexican Cession.• Congressman Congressman David Wilmot tried to ban tried to ban

slavery in the Mexican Cession.slavery in the Mexican Cession.

• Many Many NorthernersNortherners fearedfeared that that slaveryslavery would would expandexpand into the Mexican Cession. into the Mexican Cession.

• Congressman Congressman David Wilmot tried to ban tried to ban slavery in the Mexican Cession.slavery in the Mexican Cession.

The Wilmot ProvisoThe Wilmot Proviso

• The bill’s failure led to the birth of the The bill’s failure led to the birth of the Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party..• Slavery Slavery now became a now became a key issue key issue in in national politicsnational politics, and , and

politicians could no longer ignore it.politicians could no longer ignore it.

• The bill’s failure led to the birth of the The bill’s failure led to the birth of the Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party..• Slavery Slavery now became a now became a key issue key issue in in national politicsnational politics, and , and

politicians could no longer ignore it.politicians could no longer ignore it.

Wilmot Proviso

introduced

Wilmot Proviso

introduced

Congress divided

Congress divided

The Mexican War

The Mexican War

The Mexican Cession

The Mexican Cession

Fears of new slave states

Fears of new slave states

Wilmot Proviso defeated

Wilmot Proviso defeated

Free Soil Party formed

Free Soil Party formed

Open Your Portfolios

to Page 96

A. The two sections argued about whether slavery would be permitted in the new territory that was gained.

B. Most of the soldiers were Southerners, who resented the North for not fighting alongside them.

C. The South gained thousands of new slaves captured in Mexico.

D. Thousands of Southerners had refused to pay taxes that supported such an evil war.

A. The two sections argued about whether slavery would be permitted in the new territory that was gained.

B. Most of the soldiers were Southerners, who resented the North for not fighting alongside them.

C. The South gained thousands of new slaves captured in Mexico.

D. Thousands of Southerners had refused to pay taxes that supported such an evil war.

HowHow did the War with Mexico War with Mexico lead to conflictconflict betweenbetween the

NorthNorth and the and the SouthSouth?

WhatWhat would the Wilmot Proviso Wilmot Proviso have donehave done?

A.A. Made California a slave stateMade California a slave stateB.B. Outlawed slavery in any territory Outlawed slavery in any territory

gained from the War with Mexicogained from the War with MexicoC.C. Made Arizona a free stateMade Arizona a free stateD.D. Banned the slave trade in New MexicoBanned the slave trade in New Mexico

A.A. Made California a slave stateMade California a slave stateB.B. Outlawed slavery in any territory Outlawed slavery in any territory

gained from the War with Mexicogained from the War with MexicoC.C. Made Arizona a free stateMade Arizona a free stateD.D. Banned the slave trade in New MexicoBanned the slave trade in New Mexico

A. It declared slavery to be a moral evil.

B. It had been written by abolitionists hoping to embarrass Southerners.

C. It would keep them from taking their slaves into the Mexican Cession.

D. It would have raised taxes on the sales of both cotton and slaves.

WhyWhy did slaveholdersslaveholders opposeoppose the Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso?

WhatWhat did the Free Soil Party Free Soil Party stand forstand for?

A.A. No slavery in the territoriesNo slavery in the territories

B.B. California's admission as a California's admission as a free statefree state

C.C. Support of the Wilmot Support of the Wilmot ProvisoProviso

D.D. A stronger fugitive slave lawA stronger fugitive slave law

Controversy OverOver CaliforniaCaliforniaControversy OverOver CaliforniaCalifornia

• Discovery of gold in 1848 led to rapid population growth in California.

• In 1850, California requested admission as a In 1850, California requested admission as a free state.free state.

• This threatened the free state-slave state balance in the Senate.

• Southerners felt that statehood for California Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.threatened their way of life.

• Discovery of gold in 1848 led to rapid population growth in California.

• In 1850, California requested admission as a In 1850, California requested admission as a free state.free state.

• This threatened the free state-slave state balance in the Senate.

• Southerners felt that statehood for California Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.threatened their way of life.

Controversy OverOver CaliforniaCaliforniaControversy OverOver CaliforniaCalifornia

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

As he did in As he did in 1820 1820 (Missouri Compromise) (Missouri Compromise)

and in and in 1833 1833

(Compromise Tariff of (Compromise Tariff of 1833)1833), Henry Clay Henry Clay

came up with another came up with another compromisecompromise.

As he did in As he did in 1820 1820 (Missouri Compromise) (Missouri Compromise)

and in and in 1833 1833

(Compromise Tariff of (Compromise Tariff of 1833)1833), Henry Clay Henry Clay

came up with another came up with another compromisecompromise.

a. California would enter enter as a as a free state.

b. A tough, new tough, new fugitivefugitive slave law slave law was introducedwas introduced.

•People accused of being fugitives People accused of being fugitives under this law could be held under this law could be held without an arrest warrant.without an arrest warrant.

• Instead of a jury trial, a federal Instead of a jury trial, a federal commissioner ruled on each case. commissioner ruled on each case.

•The commissioner received five The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.defendant over to a slaveholder.

•People accused of being fugitives People accused of being fugitives under this law could be held under this law could be held without an arrest warrant.without an arrest warrant.

• Instead of a jury trial, a federal Instead of a jury trial, a federal commissioner ruled on each case. commissioner ruled on each case.

•The commissioner received five The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.defendant over to a slaveholder.

The Fugitive Slave ActThe Fugitive Slave Act

c. TheThe slave trade would be would be bannedbanned inin Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.c. TheThe slave trade would be would be bannedbanned inin Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

c. c. No laws restricting slavery in the rest of the rest of the Mexican Cession

would be introduced.

c. c. No laws restricting slavery in the rest of the rest of the Mexican Cession

would be introduced.

Use your whole whiteboard to write

your answer!

(see Vocabulary)

Daniel Webster, U.S. Senator

from from Massachusetts, lent his support

to Clay’s compromise bill

in a very in a very passionate passionate

speech.speech.

Despite the support of

WebsterWebster and his own best

efforts, ClayClay was unable to

get enough support to pass

the compromise bill.

Despite the support of

WebsterWebster and his own best

efforts, ClayClay was unable to

get enough support to pass

the compromise bill.

Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came up with a way to came up with a way to win win

passagepassage for for Clay’sClay’s bill. bill.• He broke up Clay's proposal

into five parts and built up a slim majority for each among various congressmen.

• After several weeks of work, After several weeks of work, Douglas succeeded in getting Douglas succeeded in getting each part of Clay’s plan adopted.each part of Clay’s plan adopted.

• Once the plan became law, some people celebrated, believing that it had saved the Union. But the compromise would not bring peace.

Open Your Portfolios

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A. a stronger fugitive slave lawB. California's admission as a free stateC. the freedom for new territories to decide

the slavery question for themselvesD. the admission of Arizona as a slave stateE. a ban on the slave trade in Washington,

D.C.

A. a stronger fugitive slave lawB. California's admission as a free stateC. the freedom for new territories to decide

the slavery question for themselvesD. the admission of Arizona as a slave stateE. a ban on the slave trade in Washington,

D.C.

Which of the following was not part of the

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850?

Which of the following was not part of the

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850?

How did Daniel Webster help persuade Congress to pass

the Compromise of 1850?

• He called for rejection of the fugitive slave law.

• He made a passionate speech in favor of the compromise as a way of preserving the Union.

• He promised Republican support for the admission of Arizona and New Mexico as slave states.

• He condemned the northern commercial interests that called for the defeat of the bill.

How did Stephen Douglas help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850?

• He broke up Clay's proposal into five parts and built a slim majority for each.

• He proposed the same terms as Clay’s bill in the form of a constitutional amendment.

• He took the compromise directly to the voters in the 1852 elections.

• He came up with a new compromise based on the Wilmot Proviso.

Copy these Study Questions on NB-70.

102. How did the War with Mexico and territorial expansion lead to conflict between the North and the South?

103. Why did slaveholders oppose the Wilmot Proviso?

104. What did the Free Soil Party stand for?

105. How did Henry Clay try to settle the California problem?

106. How did Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850?