202 SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ON

On Buds and Stipu1es.-Parts 111. & IV. By the Rt. Hon. Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 18th MItrch and 17th June, 1897.1 (PLATES 12-15.)

IN continuation of the observations which the Society has done me the honour to publish (Journ. Linn. SOC., Bot. vol. xxx. pp. 463-5321, I submit now some further observations on the same subject.

The stipules, or small leaflets, which occur at the base of many leaves serve for various purposes. The most usual is to protect the leaves while in the bud-sometimes their own leaf, but as a rule the younger one. I n some cases, however, they themselves perform the function of leaves, which indeed, in a few cases, they entirely replace. In others they serve to hold water ; in some they deveiop into spines j in some iuto tendrils j in others they become glandular.

I n the present paper many special cases are described, and where stipules are absent, the other arrangements for bud- protection are referred to.

Special attention is directed to the construction of the winter- buds of our commoner shrubs and trees.

These present curious differences-even in some cases between nearly allied species. In the Wayfaring Tree (Piburnuma Lantana) the young leaves are uncovered, but protected by a dense covering of hairs. In P. Oplclzcs the bud is protected by scales, representing modified leaves. I n the Ash and Thorn the outer scales of the bud consist of expanded petioles. In the Willow the outer scales consist of leaves, in the Poplars of stipules. In the Oak and Beech each scale is a stipule; in the Elm and Spanish Chestnut each scale represents a pair of connate stipules.

The buds of the Oak and Beech are described in detail. A I n the Beech the outer scales of the bud consist of about 11 pairs of stipules. The subsequent growth takes place between the leaves, but the part of the shoot between the stipules scarcely elongates at all. The consequence is that the seat of each winter-bud is indicated by a series of rings, which remain visible for many years and indicate each year’s growth.

The twelfth is the first pair which has a leaf.