Oleh: M. Rifki Agus Saputra 122012008 Dibuat Untuk ...repository.um-palembang.ac.id/id/eprint/1372/1/SKRIPSI1172-1712075303.pdfLAPORAN PENELITIAN PENGARUH KOMPOSISI ZEOUT DAN ZDO PADA

L A P O R A N P E N E L I T I A N

P E N G A R U H K O M P O S I S I Z E O U T D A N ZDO P A D A M E M B R A N K E R A M I K T E R H A D A P A D S O R B S I H2S D A R I G A S A L A M D E N G A N

M E T O D E T I T R A S I I O D O M E T R I

Oleh:

M. Rifki Agus Saputra 122012008

Dibuat Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana

Pada Program Studi Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang

P R O G R A M S T U D I T E K N I K K I M U

F A K U L T A S T E K N I K

U N I V E R S I T A S M U H A M M A D I Y A H P A L E M B A N G

2017

L E M B A R PENGESAHAN

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI Z E O L I T DAN ZnO PADA MEMBRAN K E R A M I K TERHADAP ADSORBSI HjS DARI GAS ALAM DI DENGAN

METODE TITRASI IODOMETRI

O L E H :

M. Rifki Agus Saputra 122012008

Palembang, Januari 2017

Disetujui Oleh:

Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing I I

Mengetahui, ^Ketua Program Studi Teknik Kimia FT-UMP

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI Z E O L I T DAN ZnO PADA MEMBRAN

KEILAMIK TERHADAP ADSORBSI HiS DARI GAS ALAM DENGAN

M E T O D E TITRASI IODOMETRI

O L E H :

M. R I F K I AGUS SAPUTRA (122012008)

T e l a h d i u j i d i h a d a p a n t i m p e n g u j i p a d a t a n g g a l 10 F e b r u a r i 2017

iii

MOTTO d a n X J A T X TT'RSTM'BJATfyW

M O T T O • 'BiCd k a m u tak tafian CeCafinya beCajary m a k a k a m u

a k a n m e n a n g g u n g p e r i f i n y a kebodofiaru ( I m a m Syafei)

• " M a n j a d d a w a j a d a " S i a p a y a n g bersunggufi-sunggufiy m a k a d i a a k a n

m e n d a p a t k a n (kesuksesan). ( T e p a t a k Is (dm)

• Sesunggufinya iCmu adaCak pofion d a n amaC adaCafi buafinya. S e s e o r a n g t i d a k a k a n d i a n g g a p aCim biCa t i d a k mengamaCkan iCmunya.

(JAC-kfiatfiib aC-bagfidadi)

X u p e r s e m B a f i k a n u n t u k :

• JACfah S(\VTdan M a b i M u f i a m m a d S J C W • X e d u a O r a n g t u a k u s e r t a ayafi & ibu t e r c i n t a • I s t r i k u t e r c i n t a ! • S a u d a r a - S a u d a r a k u t e r s a y a n g • T e m a n - T e m a n Teknik X i m i a U M T a n g k a t a n 2012 • SeCurufi m a f i a s i s w a / i Teknik X i m i a U M T TaCembang • T z m a n - T z m a n lAnggota T e r s a t u a n Tzknik X i m i a

(TTTMJATTX) • X C m a m a t e r k u " S e m u a T e m a n - T z m a n t e r b a i k u

Semoga k i t a seCaCu daCam ( i n d u n g a n JACfdfi S^WT d a n m e n j a d i i n s a n y a n g b e r t a k w a , JAmiin y a rabbaC aCamin..

I V

ABSTRAK PENGARUH KOMPOSISI Z E O L I T DAN ZnO PADA MEMBRAN

K E R A M I K TERHADAP ADSORBSI H2S DARI GAS ALAM DENGAN M E T O D E TITRASI IODOMETRI

O l e h / B y :

M . R i f k i A g u s S a p u t r a

P a d a g a s a l a m t e r d a p a t s e n y a w a H2S y a n g h a r u s d i h i l a n g k a n k a r e n a m e r u p a k a n z a t p e n g o t o r y a n g d a p a t m e r u s a k k a t a l i s d a n b e r s i f a t k o r o s i f . D e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u a l t e m a t i f u n t u k m e n g h i l a n g k a n k a n d u n g a n H2S p a d a g a s a l a m . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h k o m p o s i s i z a t a d i t i f b e r u p a z e o l i t d a n Z n O t e r h a d a p a d s o r b s i H2S. P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n d i l a b o r a t o r i u m p u s a t P T . P U S R I P a l e m b a n g . D a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n v a r i a s i k o m p o s i s i y a i t u m e m b r a n k e r a m i k A ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 5 % Z e o l i t , 2 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) , m e m b r a n k e r a m i k B ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 0 % Z e o l i t , 2 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) , m e m b r a n k e r a m i k C ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 5 % Z e o l i t , 1 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) , m e m b r a n k e r a m i k D ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 0 % Z e o l i t , 1 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) , m e m b r a n k e r a m i k E ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 5 % Z e o l i t , 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k d i u j i a d s o r b s i d e n g a n v a r i a s i w a k t u 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 , 4 0 , 5 0 d a n 6 0 m e n i t s e r t a v a r i a b e l t e t a p n y a a d a l a h k e c e p a t a n a l i r a n g a s 3 l i t e r / m e n i t . M e t o d e t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i a d a l a h m e t o d e y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a n a l i s a k a n d u n g a n H2S p a d a g a s a l a m . D a r i h a s i l a n a l i s a m e n u n j u k a n p e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H2S p a l i n g r e n d a h y a i t u 0 , 3 6 1 8 p p m a t a u s e b e s a r 9 5 , 8 3 % p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k E d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i 2 5 % Z e o l i t d a n 5 % Z n O d a l a m w a k t u 6 0 m e n i t .

K a t a k u n c i : Z e o l i t d a n Z n O , H2S, m e m b r a n k e r a m i k , t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i

I

V

KATA PENGANTAR

F u j i d a n s y x i k u r p e n y u s u n p a n j a t k a n K e h a d i r a t A l l a h S W T a t a s s e g a i a

r a h m a t d a n K a r u n i a - N y a s e h i n g g a p e n y u s u n d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n u l i s a n t u g a s

a k h i r y a n g b e r j u d u l "PENGARUH KOMPOSISI Z E O L I T DAN ZnO PADA

MEMBRAN K E R A M I K TERHADAP ADSORBSI H2S DARI GAS ALAM

DENGAN METODE TITRASI IODOMETRI" i n i d e n g a n b a i k . P e n u l i s a n

t u g a s a k h i r i n i m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n s t r a t a

s a t u d i F a k u l t a s T e k n i k P r o g r a m S t u d i K i m i a U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g d a n b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g g a l i d a n m e n e r a p k a n i l m u y a n g t e l a h

d i d a p a t s e l a m a k u l i a h . P e n y u s u n m e n y a d a r i b a h w a d i d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n P r o p o s a l

P e n e l i t i a n m a s i h t e r d a p a t b a n y a k k e k u r a n g a n , o l e h k a r e n a p e n y u s u n s a n g a t

m e n g h a r a p k a n k r i t i k d a n s a r a n d a r i s e m u a p i h a k a g a r p e n y u s u n a n t u g a s a k h i r i n i

d a p a t l e b i h s e m p u m a . 1

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n y u s u n m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :

1 . B a p a k D r . I r . K g s A . R o n i , M T . S e b a g a i D e k a n F a k u l t a s T e k n i k U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

2 . B a p a k I r . L e g i s o , M . S i S e b a g a i K e t u a P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k K i m i a

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

3 . I b u N e t t y H e r a w a t i , S T , M T . S e b a g a i S e k r e t a r i s P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k K i m i a

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

4 . B a p a k D r . I r . K g s A . R o n i , M T . s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g I .

5 . I b u I r . H j . U m m i K a l s u m , M T . s e b a g a i d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g 11.

6 . S t a f P e n g a j a r d a n K a r y a w a n d i P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k K i m i a U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

7 . S t a f K a r y a w a n L a b o r a t o r i u m P u s a t P T . P U S R I P a l e m b a n g

8. R e k a n - r e k a n M a h a s i s w a d i F a k u l t a s T e k n i k P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k K i m i a

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g . I

S e m o g a t u g a s T u g a s A k h i r i n i d a p a t b e r m a n f a a t b a g i k i t a s e m u a , a m i n

P a l e m b a n g , J a n u a r i 2 0 1 7

P e n y u s u n

v i

D A F T A R I S I

H a l a m a n

HALAMAN JUDUL i

L E M B A R PENGESAHAN ii

MOTTO dan KATA PERSEMBAHAN iv

ABSTRAK V

KATA PENGANTAR vi

D A F T A R I S I vii

DAFTAR T A B E L ix

DAFTAR G R A F I K x

DAFTAR GAMBAR x i

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN x i i

BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1 1 . 1 . L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1 1.2 . P e m m u s a n m a s a l a h 3 1.3. T u j u e i n P e n e l i t i a n 3 1.4. M a n f a a t P e n e l i t i a n 3

BAB I I TINJAUAN FUSTAKA 4 2 . 1 . G a s A l a m 4 2 . 2 . T e k n o l o g i M e m b r a n 5

2 . 2 . 1 . D e f i n i s i M e m b r a n 5 2 . 2 . 2 . J e n i s - J e n i s M e m b r a n 6 2 . 2 . 3 . F a k t o r - F a k t o r y a n g M e m p e n g a r u h i K i n e i j a M e m b r a n 8 2 . 2 . 4 . K e l e b i h a n d a n K e k u r a n g a n M e m b r a n 9

2 . 3 . M e m b r a n K e r a m i k 1 0 2 . 4 . M e m b r a n Z e o l i t 1 1 2 . 5 . A d s o r b s i 1 1 2 . 6 . M e d i a F i l t e r 13

2 . 6 . 1 . Z e o l i t 13 2 . 6 . 1 . 1 . M a c a m - M a c a m Z e o l i t 15 2 . 6 . 1 . 2 . S i f a t - S i f a t Z e o l i t 1 6

2 . 6 . 2 . Z n O 1 7 2 . 7 . B a h a n P e m b u a t a n K e r a m i k 1 8 2 . 8 . A n a l i s a T i t r i m e t n 1 9

2 . 8 . 1 . R e a k s i - R e a k s i y a n g D i g u n a k a n u n t u k T i t r a s i 1 9 2 . 8 . 2 . T i t r a s i I o d o m e t r i 2 0

2 . 9 . P e n e l i t i a n T e r d a h u l u 2 1

BAB I I I METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 2 3 3 . 1 . T e m p a t d a n W a k t u P e n e l i t i a n 2 3

3 . 1 . 1 . T e m p a t P e n e l i t i a n 2 3

v i l

3 . 1 . 2 . Waktu Penelitian 2 3 3 . 2 . Alat dan Bahan 2 3

3 . 2 . 1 . Alat untuk Pembuatan Membran Keramik 2 3 3 . 2 . 2 . Alat untuk Analisa 2 3 3 . 2 . 3 . Bahan untuk Pembuatan Membran Keramik 2 4 3 . 2 . 4 . Bahan untuk Standarisasi Larutan Na2S203 2 4 3 . 2 . 5 . Bahan untuk Analisa H2S 2 4

3 . 3 . Prosedur Percobaan 2 4 3 . 4 . 1 . Prosedur Pembuatan Membran Keramik 2 4 3 . 4 . 2 . Ukuran Membran Keramik 2 5 3 . 4 . 3 . Prosedur Pembuatan Adsorber 2 5 3 . 4 . 4 . Standarisasi Larutan Na2S203 2 6 3 . 4 . 5 . Analisa H2S dengan Metode Titrasi Iodometri 2 6

3 . 4 . Variabel 2 7 3 . 2 . 1 . Variabel Tetap 2 7 3 . 2 . 2 . Variabel Tidak Tetap 2 7

3 . 5 . Diagram Alir Penelitian 2 8

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 2 9 4 . 1 . Hasil 2 9

4 . 1 . 1 . Hasil Penetapan Normalitas Larutan Na2S203 2 9 4 . 1 . 2 . Analisa H2S dengan Menggunakan Metode Titrasi

Iodometri 2 9 4 . 2 . Pembahasan 3 0

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 3 6 5 . 1 . Kesimpulan 3 6 5 . 2 . Saran 3 6

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 3 7 L A M P I R A N ! 3 8 LAMPIRAN I I 3 9 LAMPIRAN HI 5 5

viii

DAFTAR T A B E L

T a b e ] L I P e r s e n t a s e K o m p o s i s i G a s A l a m P T P U S R I P a J e m b a n g 2

T a b e l 2 . 1 K o m p o s i s i K a n d u n g a n G a s A l a m 4

T a b e l 2 . 2 K o m p o s i s i T a n a h H a t 1 8

T a b e l 4 . 1 H a s i l T i t r a s i N a 2 S 2 0 3 0 , 0 1 N 2 9

T a b e l 4 . 2 H a s i l T i t r a s i H2S M e n g g u n a k a n M e t o d e T i t r a s i I o d o m e t r i 2 9

ix

DAFTAR G R A F I K

G r a f i k 4 . 1 H u b u n g a n a n t a r a w a k t u ( m e n i t ) t e r h a d a p H2S ( p p m ) y a n g t e r s i s a

d a r i a d s o r b s i 3 3

G r a f i k 4 . 1 P e n g a r u h k o m p o s i s i Z e o l i t p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k t e r h a d a p h a s i l

a n a l i s a H2S ( p p m ) s i s a a d s o r b s i 3 4

X

DAFTAR GAMBAR

G a m b a r 2 . 1 T e t r a h e d r a l a l u m i n a d a n s i l i k a p a d a s t r u k t u r z e o l i t 14

G a m b a r 3 . 1 S i s t e m A l a t P e n e l i t i a n 2 6

G a m b a r 3 . 2 D i a g r a m A l i r P e n e l i t i a n 28

xl

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

L A M P I R A N I P e r h i t u n g a n n o r m a l i t a s S o d i u m T i o s u l f a t 3 7

L A M P I R A N I I P e r h i t u n g a n k a n d u n g a n H i d r o g e n S u l f i d a 3 9

L A M P I R A N I I I D o k u m e n t a s i P e n e l i t i a n 55

xii

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang

G a s a l a m t e l a h b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k a r m a u p u n b a h a n

b a k u i n d u s t r i , o l e h k a r e n a i t u d i s t r i b u s i g a s a l a m m e r u p a k a n b a g i a n y a n g p e n t i n g

d a l a m m e n u n j a n g k e g i a t a n i n d u s t r i s a a t i n i . S e j a k t a h u n 1 9 4 0 - a n k e b u t u h a n g a s

a l a m s e b a g a i s u m b e r e n e r g i m u l a i m e l o n j a k , h a l t e r s e b u t b e r l a n g s u n g h i n g g a

s e k a r a n g . P e n y e b a b m e n i n g k a t n y a p e m a n f a a t a n g a s a l a m d i a w a l i s e j a k h a r g a

m i n y a k b u m i m e n g a l a m i k e n a i k a n s e k i t a r t a h u n 1 9 7 3 .

D e n g a n k e m a j u a n t e k n o l o g i y a n g a d a , m a k a b e b e r a p a m e t o d a r e k a y a s a

t e l a h d i k e m b a n g k a n d a l a m p e r a n c a n g a n f a s i l i t a s u n t u k m e m p r o d u k s i g a s a l a m

d a r i p e r u t b u m i , u n t u k m e m i s a h k a n k o n d e s a t y a n g t e r i k u t , p r o s e s p e m u m i a n ,

t r a n s p o r t a s i n y a d a n I a i n s e b a g a i n y a . D a r i d a l a m p e r u t b u m i g a s a l a m d i p e r o l e h

d e n g a n b e r b a g a i m a c a m k a n d u n g a n z a t . D i s a m p i n g h i d r o k a r b o n ringan y a n g

d a l a m k e a d a a n j e n u h , g a s - g a s l a i n y a n g t e r k a n d u n g m i s a l n y a k a r b o n d i o k s i d a ,

n i t r o g e n , h i d r o g e n s u l f i d a , d a n a r g o n .

S a l a h s a t u b a h a n b a k u y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n a m o n i a k d i

P a b r i k P T P u p u k S r i w i d j a j a a d a l a h g a s a l a m y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i P T P e r t a m i n a .

G a s a l a m t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d i o i a h k a r e n a b a h a n b a k u b e r u p a g a s a l a m y a n g d i t e r i m a

d a r i p e r t a m i n a m a s i h m e n g a n d u n g s u l f u r a n o r g a n i k , H2O, heavy hydrocarbon,

CO2, d a n s u l f u r o r g a n i k y a n g t i d a k d i i n g i n k a n . S e m u a u n s u r t e r s e b u t d i p i s a h k a n

d i a r e a feed treating, s e h i n g g a g a s a l a m d a p a t d i g i m a k a n d a l a m p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n

g a s s i n t e s a . S e n y a w a H2S p a d a g a s a l a m h a r u s d i h i l a n g k a n k a r e n a :

1. M e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u z a t p e n g o t o r y a n g s a n g a t t i d a k d i i n g i n k a n .

2 . M e r u p a k a n r a c u n k a t a l i s p a d a p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n a m o n i a k .

3 . D a p a t m e r u s a k a l a t k o m p r e s o r .

P r o s e s p e m i s a h a n feed treating d i P a b r i k P T P u p u k S r i w i j a y a

m e n g g u n a k a n b e b e r a p a b a h a n k i m i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i k a t a l i s y a n g

b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n g h i l a n g k a n z a t p e n g o t o r d a r i g a s a l a m s e p e r t i , sponge iron

y a i t u k a t a l i s y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g h i l a k a n k a d a r s u l f u r , l a r u t a n benfield

y a i t u l a r u t a n y a n g m e n g a n d i m g K2CO3, Di-Ethanol Amine ( D E A ) , d a n V2O5

1

2

u n t u k m e m i s a h k a n CO2. K e l e m a h a n d a r i s p o n g e i r o n a d a l a h b i a y a o p e r a s i l e b i h

m a h a l . O l e h k a r e n a i t u p e n e l i t i m e n c o b a m e n c a r i b a h a n a l t e m a t i f p e m u m i a n g a s

a l a m d a r i H2S m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i z a t a d i t i f Z e o l i t

d a n Z n O . P e n g g u n a a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d a l a m a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m

r e a l t i f l e b i h m u r a h d a l a m b i a y a o p e r a s i o n a l n y a .

G a s H2S y a n g t e r k a n d u n g p a d a g a s a l a m y a n g t e r d a p a t d i Gas Metering

Station ( G M S ) P T P u p u k S r i w i d j a j a P a l e m b a n g y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n

b a k u p r o d u k a m o n i a k a d a l a h s e k i t a r 8 , 0 0 - 9 , 0 0 p p m , d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n H2S

y a n g m a s i h b e s a r m a k a m a s i h p e r l u m e m b u t u h k a n p r o s e s p e m u m i a n u n t u k

m e n g h i l a n g k a n k a d a r s u l f u r . S e h i n g g a d i h a r a p k a n k o n s e n t r a s i g a s H2S y a n g

k e l u a r d a r i a d s o r b e r d e n g a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d i b a w a h 1 p p m .

Tabel 1.1. P e r s e n t a s e K o m p o s i s i G a s A l a m P T P U S R I P a l e m b a n g

N o K o m p o s i s i P e r s e n t a s e

1 C H 4 8 3 , 0 3 %

2 N2 0 , 5 2 %

3 H H C 1 1 . 4 8 %

4 CO2 4 , 9 7 %

5 H2S 8 , 6 9 p p m

S u m b e r : B u k u a n a l i s a d i L a b o r a t o r i u m P u s a t P T P u p u k S r i w i d j a j a P a l e m b a n g

D e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n d a n t e k n o l o g i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k

m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u a l a t y a n g b i s a d i m a n f a a t k a n u n t u k p e m i s a h a n g a s . M e m b r a n

k e r a m i k m e m p u n y a i k e u n g g u l a n y a i t u m e m i l i k i k e t a h a n a n p a d a s u h u t i n g g i

s e h i n g g a t i d a k b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a k u a l i t a s m e m b r a n t e r s e b u t . P r o s e s p e m i s a h a n

d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n j u g a t i d a k m e n i m b u l k a n d a m p a k p e n c e m a r a n

l i n g k u n g a n .

S e t i a p p r o s e s p e m i s a h a n m e m b r a n d i t a n d a i d e n g a n p e n g g u n a a n m e m b r a n

u n t u k m e n c a p a i p e m i s a h a n t e r t e n t u . M e m b r a n m e m i l i k i k e m a m p u a n u n t u k

m e n g a n g k u t s a l a h s a t u k o m p o n e n a t a u l e b i h m u d a h d i p i s a h k a n d a r i k o m p o n e n

y a n g t a i n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r b e d a a n s i f a t f i s i k a t a u k i m i a a n t a r a m e m b r a n d a n

k o m p o n e n m e n y e r a p .

3

1.2. Perumusan masalah

B e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l u r a i a n p a d a l a t a r b e l a k a n g t e r s e b u t , m a k a d a l a m

p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g t i m b u l a d a l a h :

1 . B a g a i m a n a p e n g a r u h z a t a d i t i f b e r u p a z e o l i t d a n Z n O p a d a m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k t e r h a d a p d a y a a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m ?

2 . B e r a p a k o m p o s i s i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k , s e p e r t i t a n a h l i a t , Z n O , z e o l i t , d a n

s e m e n p u t i h y a n g p a l i n g e f e k t i f t e r h a d a p d a y a a d s o r b s r i H2S p a d a g a s

a l a m ?

3 . B a g a i m a n a p e n g a r u h w a k t u t e r h a d a p a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m ?

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian

1 . M e n g e t a h u i p e n g a r u h z a t a d i t i f z e o l i t d a n Z n O p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k

t e r h a d a p d a y a a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m .

2 . M e n g e t a h u i k o m p o s i s i t a n a h l i a t , z e o l i t , zinc oxide, d a n s e m e n p u t i h p a d a

m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g p a l i n g e f e k t i f t e r h a d a p d a y a a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s

a l a m .

3 . M e n g e t a h u i w a k t u y a n g p a l i n g b a i k d a l a m a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m .

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian

D a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n m e m b e r i k a n m a n f a a t d i a n t a r a n y a y a i t u :

1. D a p a t m e m b e r i k a n a l t e m a t i f a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m d i P T . P u s r i

P a l e m b a n g .

2 . M e m b e r i k a n k o n s t r i b u s i i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n t e r u t a m a b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n

a d s o r b s i H2S p a d a g a s a l a m .

3 . S e b a g a i r e f e r e n s i u n t u k p e n e l i t i a n s e l a n j u t n y a m e n g e n a i a d s o r b s i H2S

p a d a g a s a l a m .

4 . M e n a m b a h w a w a s a n i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n m e n g e n a i p e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k d a n p r o s e s a d s o r b s i .

5 . D a p a t m e m a h a m i m e t o d e t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i d e n g a n b a i k .

BAB I I

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

G a s a l a m a t a u s e r i n g d i s e b u t s e b a g a i g a s b u m i a d a l a h b a h a n b a k a r f o s i l

b e r b e n t u k g a s y a n g m e m p u n y a i k o m p o n e n u t a m a b e r u p a m e t a n a (CH4), g a s a l a m

d i t e m u k a n d i l a d a n g m i n y a k , l a d a n g g a s b u m i , d a n t a m b a n g b a t u b a r a . G a s

m e t a n a j u g a d a p a t d i p r o d u k s i m e l a l u i p e m b u s u k a n o l e h b a k t e r i a n a e r o b d a r i

b a h a n - b a h a n o r g a n i k s e l a i n f o s i l y a n g s e r i n g d i k e n a l d e n g a n b i o g a s .

2.1. Gas Alam

K o m p o n e n u t a m a p a d a g a s a l a m a d a l a h m e t a n a (CH4) y a n g m e r u p a k a n

h i d r o k a r b o n r a n t a i t e r p e n d e k d a n t e r i n g a n . S e l a i n i t u j u g a g a s a l a m m e n g a n d u n g

m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l h i d r o k a r b o n y a n g l e b i h b e r a t s e p e r t i e t a n a (C2H6), p r o p a n a

(C3H8), b u t a n a (C4H]o), d a n p e n t a n a {C5H12). K o m p o n e n y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s

a l a m j u g a m e n g a n d u n g g a s - g a s l a i n s e p e r t i h i d r o g e n s u l f i d a {H2S), k a r b o n

d i o k s i d a (CO2), d a n n i t r o g e n (N2). A d a p u n s e n y a w a - s e n y a w a y a n g t e r k a n d u n g

p a d a g a s a l a m d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a t a b e l 2 . 1 .

Tabel 2.1. K o m p o s i s i K a n d u n g a n G a s A l a m

N o K o m p o n e n %

1 CH4 7 4 , 0 5 7 1

2 N2 0 , 1 7 0 1

3 CO2 1 , 8 7 3 3

4 C2H6 1 2 , 2 7 5 5

5 C3H8 6 , 7 9 4 4

6 i-C4H ,o 1 , 6 0 2 0

7 n - C 4 H i o 1 , 8 4 2 4

8 i-C5H,2 0 , 7 4 0 6

9 n - C 5 H , 2 0 , 4 4 8 9

1 0 0 , 1 9 5 8

T o t a l 1 0 0

S u m b e r : J e f r i T a m p u b o l o n , 2 0 0 9

4

5

N i t r o g e n , k a r b o n d i o k s i d a , h i d r o g e n s u l f i d a , d a n a i r j u g a t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s

a l a m , t e r m a s u k j u g a m e r k u r i y a n g t e r k a d u n g p a d a g a s a l a m d a l a m j u m l a h k e c i l .

K o m p o n e n t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n k o n t a m i n a n y a n g t i d a k d i i n g i k a n k e b e r a d a a n n y a

d a l a m g a s a l a m . K o m p o n e n g a s a l a m b e r v a r i a s i s e s u a i d e n g a n s u m b e r g a s a l a m

y a n g d i d a p a t k a n . H i d r o g e n s u l f i d a a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u z a t p e n g o t o r u t a m a p a d a g a s

a l a m y a n g h a r u s d i p i s a h k a n . G a s d e n g a n j u m l a h k a n d u n g a n p e n g o t o r s u l f u r y a n g

t i n g g i d i n a m a k a n sour gas d a n s e r i n g d i s e b u t j u g a d e n g a n g a s a s a m .

2.2. Teknologi Membran

M e m b r a n m e r u p a k a n s t u d i y a n g t e l a h l a m a d i l a k u k a n s e j a k a b a d 1 8 o l e h

b e r b a g a i s a i n t i s . P a d a a w a l n y a m e m b r a n t i d a k d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p r o s e s k o m e r s i l ,

t e t a p i s e r i n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m l a b o r a t o r i u m u n t u k o b s e r v a s i d a n p e n e l i t i a n y a n g

b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n t e o r i k i m i a d a n fisika. M i s a l n y a d a l a m t e o r i k i n e t i k g a s y a n g

d i l a k u k a n o l e h M a x w e l l , d i g u n a k a n m e m b r a n u n t u k s i f a t p e r m e a s e l e k i t i v i t a s y a n g

b a i k .

T a h u n 1 9 6 0 , t e k n o l o g i m e m b r a n m u l a i d i g u n a k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i i n d u s t r i .

T i m b u l p e r m a s a l a h a n - p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n m e m b r a n d a l a m

p e n g g u n a a n n y a d i d u n i a i n d u s t r i y a i t u : unreliable, t e r l a l u l a m a p r o s e s

p r o d u k s i n y a , t e r l a l u s e l e k t i f , d a n t e r l a l u m a h a l . S e t e l a h s e k i t a r 3 0 t a h u n k e m u d i a n

p e r m a s a l a h a n - p e r m a s a l a h a n i t u b i s a t e r p e c a h k a n d a n t e k n o l o g i m e m b r a n m u l a i

b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n d a l a m i n d u s t r i .

2.2.1. Definisi Membran

M e m b r a n m e r u p a k a n a l a t p e m i s a h b e r u p a p e n g h a l a n g y a n g b e r s i f a t

s e l e k t i f y a n g d a p a t m e m i s a h k a n d u a f a s e d a r i b e r b a g a i c a m p u r a n . C a m p u r a n

t e r s e b u t d a p a t b e r s i f a t h o m o g e n a t a u h e t e r o g e n d a n d a p a t b e r u p a p a d a t a n , c a i r a n

a t a u g a s . T r a n s p o r t a s i p a d a m e m b r a n t e i j a d i k a r e n a a d a n y a d r i v i n g f o r c e y a n g

d a p a t b e r u p a k o n v e k s i a t a u d i f u s i d a r i m a s i n g - m a s i n g m o l e k u l , a d a n y a t a r i k

m e n a r i k a n t a r m u a l a n k o m p o n e n a t a u k o n s e n t r a s i l a r u t a n , d a n p e r b e d a a n s u h u

a t a u t e k a n a n ( P a b b y e t a l , 2 0 0 9 ) .

D i t i n j a u d a r i b a h a n n y a m e m b r a n t e r d i r i d a r i b a h a n a l a m i d a n b a h a n

s i n t e t i s . B a h a n a l a m i a d a l a h b a h a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i a l a m m i s a l n y a p u l p d a n

6

k a p a s , s e d a n g k a n b a h a n s i n t e t i s d i b u a t d a r i b a h a n k i m i a , m i s a l n y a p o l i m e r .

M e m b r a n b e r f u n g s i m e m i s a h k a n m a t e r i a l b e r d a s a r k a n u k u r a n d a n b e n t u k

m o l e k u l , m e n a h a n k o m p o n e n d a r i u m p a n y a n g m e m p u n y a i u k u r a n l e b i h b e s a r

d a r i p o r i - p o r i m e m b r a n d a n m e l e w a t k a n k o m p o n e n y a n g m e m p u n y a i u k u r a n y a n g

l e b i h k e c i l . L a r u t a n y a n g m e n g a n d u n g k o m p o n e n y a n g t e r t a h a n d i s e b u t d e n g a n

k o n s e n t r a t s e d a n g k a n l a r u t a n y a n g m e n g t i l i r d i s e b u t permeat. S e l a i n b e r f u n g s i

s e b a g a i s a r a n a p e m i s a h a n , m e m b r a n j u g a d a p a t b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i s a r a n a

p e m e k a t a n d a n p e m u m i a n d a r i s u a t u l a r u t a n y a n g d i l e w a t k a n p a d a m e m b r a n

t e r s e b u t .

2.2.2. Jenis-Jenis Membran

B e r d a s a r k a n f u n g s i n y a , m e m b r a n d a p a t d i k l a s i f i k a s i k a n d a l a m 4 b a g i a n ,

a n t a r a l a i n ( H a n d a y a n i , 2 0 1 1 ) :

1. Mikrofiltrasi

M e r u p a k a n p e m i s a h a n p a r t i k e l b e r u k u r a n m i k r o n a t a u s e m i m i k r o n .

M e m b r a n m i k r o f i l t r a s i m e m l i k i u k u r a n p a r t i k e l 0 , 1 - 1,0 p m . T e k a n a n y a n g

d i g u n a k a n p a d a m e m b r a n j e n i s i n i a d a l a h 0 , 1 - 2 b a r . B e n t u k n y a l a z i m b e m p a

cartridge, y a n g b e r g u n a u n t u k m e n g h i l a n g k a n p a r t i k e l d a r i a i r y a n g b e r u k u r a n

0 , 0 4 s a m p a i 1 0 0 m i k r o n . A s a l k a n k a n d u n g a n p a d a t a n t o t a l t e r l a r u t t i d a k m e l e b i h i

1 0 0 p p m .

2. Ultrafiltrasi

M e m b r a n u l t r a f i l t r a s i a d a l a h t e k n i k p e m i s a h a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n

m e m b r a n u n t u k m e n g h i l a n g k a n z a t t e r l a r u t d e n g a n b o b o t m o l e k u l t i n g g i , a n e k a

k e l o i d , m i k r o b a s a m p a i p a d a t a n t e r s u s p e n s i d a r i a i r l a u t a n . D e n g a n u k u r a n

p a r t i k e l 0 . 0 0 1 - 0 . 1 p m . T e k a n a n y a n g d i g i m a k a n p a d a m e m b r a n j e n i s i n i a d a l a h

1 , 0 - 5 , 0 b a r . M e m b r a n s e m i p e r m e a b e l d i p a k a i u n t u k m e m i s a h k a n m a k r o m o l e k u l

d a r i l a r u t a n . U k u r a n d a n b e n t u k m o l e k u l y a n g t e r l a r u t m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r p e n t i n g

d a l a m p e n g g u n a a n m e m b r a n .

3. Nanofiltrasi

N a n o f i l t r a s i a d a l a h p r o s e s p e m i s a h a n j i k a u l t r a f i l t r a s i d a n m i k r o f i l t r a s i

t i d a k d a p a t m e n g o l a h a i r s e p e r t i y a n g d i h a r a p k a n . N a n o f i l t r a s i c o c o k b a g i a i r

d e n g a n t o t a l p a d a t a n t e r l a r u t y a n g r e n d a h , d i l u n a k k a n d a n d i h i l a n g k a n s e n y a w a

7

o r g a n i k n y a . F o r m u l a s i d a s a m y a m i r i p r e v e r s e o s m o s i s t e t a p i m e k a n i s m e

o p e r a s i o n a l n y a m i r i p u l t r a f i l t r a s i . T e k a n a n p a d a m e m b r a n j e n i s i n i a d a l a h 5 , 0 0 -

2 0 , 0 0 b a r .

4. Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis a d a l a h p r o s e s p e n g o l a h a n y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n t e k a n a n

r e l a t i f t i n g g i . D e n g a n u k u r a n p a r t i k e l 0 . 0 0 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 p m d e n g a n t e k a n a n o p e r a s i

y a n g t i n g g i y a i t u 1 0 , 0 0 - 1 0 0 , 0 0 b a r .

B e r d a s a r k a n j e n i s p e m i s a h a n d a n s t r u k t u m y a , m e m b r a n d a p a t d i b a g i

m e n j a d i 3 k a t e g o r i ( M u l d e r , 1 9 9 6 ) :

1. Porous membrane

P e m i s a h a n b e r d a s a r k a n a t a s u k u r a n p a r t i k e l d a r i z a t - z a t y a n g a k a n

d i p i s a h k a n . H a n y a p a r t i k e l d e n g a n u k u r a n t e r t e n t u y a n g d a p a t m e l e w a t i m e m b r a n

s e d a n g k a n s i s a n y a a k a n t e r t a h a n . B e r d a s a r k a n k l a s i f i k a s i d a r i l U P A C , p o r i d a p a t

d i k e l o m p o k k a n m e n j a d i macropores ( > 5 0 n m ) , mesopores ( 2 - 5 0 n m ) , d a n

micropores ( < 2 n m ) . Porous membrane d i g u n a k a n p a d a m i k r o f i l t r a s i d a n

u l t r a f i l t r a s i .

2. Non-porous membrane

D a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m i s a h k a n m o l e k u l d e n g a n u k u r a n y a n g s a m a ,

b a i k g a s m a u p u n c a i r a n . P a d a non-porous membrane, t i d a k t e r d a p a t p o r i s e p e r t i

h a l n y a porous membrane. P e r p i n d a h a n m o l e k u l t e r j a d i m e l a l u i m e k a n i s m e d i f u s i .

J a d i , m o l e k u l t e r l a r u t d i d a l a m m e m b r a n , b a r u k e m u d i a n b e r d i f u s i m e l e w a t i

m e m b r a n t e r s e b u t .

3. C a r r i e r membrane

P a d a carrier membrane, p e r p i n d a h a n t e r j a d i d e n g a n b a n t u a n carrier

molecule y a n g m e n t r a n s p o r t a s i k a n k o m p o n e n y a n g d i i n g i n k a n u n t u k m e l e w a t i

m e m b r a n . C a r r i e r molecule m e m i l i k i a f m i t a s y a n g s p e s i f i k t e r h a d a p s a l a h s a t u

k o m p o n e n s e h i n g g a p e m i s a h a n d e n g a n s e l e k t i f i t a s y a n g t i n g g i d a p a t d i c a p a i .

8

B e r d a s a r k a n m a t e r i a l n y a m e m b r a n d i b a g i m e n j a d i 3 , ( M u l d e r , 1 9 9 6 ) :

1. Organik (Polimer)

C o n t o h m a t e r i a l : polycarbonate, polyamide, polysulfone, d a n I a i n - l a i n . J e n i s

p o l i m e r y a n g d a p a t d i j a d i k a n s e b a g a i m a t e r i a l m e m b r a n y a i t u :

a . M e m b r a n b e r p o r i {Porous Membrane)

D i g u n a k a n u n t u k a p l i k a s i m i k r o f i l t r a s i d a n u l t r a f i l t r a s i .

b . M e m b r a n t i d a k b e r p o r i {Non-Porous Membrane)

D i g u n a k a n u n t u k a p l i k a s i p e r m e a s i g a s , u a p , d a n p e r v a p o r a s i .

2. Anorganik

T i p e m a t e r i a l a n o r g a n i k m e m b r a n a d a e m p a t , y a i t u :

a. M e m b r a n g e l a s / k a c a . B e r u p a s i l i k o n o k s i d a / s i l i k a ( S i 0 2 )

b . M e m b r a n l o g a m ( t e r m a s u k k a r b o n )

c. M e m b r a n z e o l i t

d . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k

M e r u p a k a n k o m b i n a s i d a r i l o g a m {alumunium, titanium, silicium a t a u

z i r c o n i u m ) d a n n o n - l o g a m { o x i d e , nitride a t a u c a r b i d e ) .

3. Biologi

M e r u p a k a n m a t e r i a l m e m b r a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i m a h k l u k h i d u p m i s a l n y a

l i p i d a {phospholipid), S t r u k t u r m e m b r a n d a r i m a t e r i a l i n i s a n g a t k o m p l e k s . T i a p

m o l e k u l l i p i d t e r d a p a t b a g i a n y a n g h i d r o f i l i k d a n h i d r o f o b i k .

2.2.3. Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Membran

P e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n m e m p u n y a i s p e s i f i k a s i k h u s u s t e r g a n t u n g u n t u k a p a

m e m b r a n t e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n d a n s p e s i f i k a s i a p a p r o d u k y a n g d i h a r a p k a n .

B e b e r a p a f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i d a l a m p e n g g u n a a n m e m b r a n d i a n t a r a n y a

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1. Ukuran Molekul

U k u r a n m o l e k u l m e m b r a n s a n g a t m e m p e n g a r u h i k i n e r j a m e m b r a n . P a d a

p e m b u a t a n m i k r o f i l t r a s i d a n u l t r a f i l t r a s i m e m p u n y a i s p e s i f i k a s i k h u s u s .

9

2. Bentuk Molekul

B e n t u k d a n k o n f i g u r a s i m a k r o m o l e k u l m e m p u n y a i e f e k p a d a k e k u a t a n i o n ,

t e m p e r a t u r d a n i n t e r a k s i a n t a r k o m p o n e n . P e r b e d a a n b e n t u k i n i k h u s u s p a d a

k o n d i s i d i b a w a h p e r m u k a a n m e m b r a n .

3. Bahan Membran

P e r b e d a a n b a h a n m e m b r a n a k a n b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a h a s i l rejection d a n

d i s t r i b u s i u k u r a n p o r i . S e b a g a i c o n t o h m e m b r a n d a r i Polysulfone d a n

m e m b r a n d a r i s e l u i o s a a s e t a t , k e d u a m e m b r a n i n i m e n u n j u k k a n r e n d a h n y a

d e v i a s i y a n g m e m p u n y a i e f e k p a d a t e k a n a n m e m b r a n .

4. Parameter operasional

J e n i s p a r a m e t e r y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a o p e r a s i o n a l u m u m n y a t e r d i r i d a r i

t e k a n a n m e m b r a n , p e r m u k a a n m e m b r a n , t e m p e r a t u r d a n k o n s e n t r a s i .

5. Karakteristik Larutan

P a d a u m u m n y a b e r a t m o l e k u l l a r u t a n g a r a m d a n g u l a m e m p u n y a i b e r a t

m o l e k u l y a n g k e c i l d a r i u k u r a n p o r i m e m b r a n . K a r a k t e r i s t i k l a r u t a n i n i

m e m p u n y a i e f e k p a d a p e r m e a b i l i t a s m e m b r a n .

2.2.4. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Membran

K e l e b i h a n d a n K e k u r a n g a n M e m b r a n a d a l a h ( H a n d a y a n i , 2 0 1 1 ) :

a) Kelebihan

1 . P e m i s a h a n b e r l a n g s i m g s e c a r a k o n t i n y u / b e r l a n j u t .

2 . B i a y a o p e r a s i r e l a t i f m u r a h .

3 . K o n s u m s i e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n r e n d a h .

4 . M u d a h u n t u k d i t i n g k a t k a n k a p a s i t a s n y a {scale up).

5 . E f i s i e n s i r u a n g .

6 . M a m p u m e m i s a h k a n p a r t i k e l s a m p a i u k u r a n n a n o m e t e r .

b) Kekurangan

1 . B i a y a i n v e s t a s i a w a l c u k u p t i n g g i .

2 . L e b i h m u d a h m e n g a l a m i f o u l i n g .

3 . P e r h i t u n g a n t e r h a d a p v a r i a b e l y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i p e r f o r m a n s i m e m b r a n

h a r u s c e r m a t .

4 . T i d a k b i s a m e m i s a h k a n p a r t i k e l s o l u t d e n g a n u k u r a n l e b i h k e c i l d a r i 1 n m .

1 0

2.3. Membran Keramik

M e m b r a n k e r a m i k a d a l a h m e m b r a n y a n g t e r b e n t u k d a r i k o m b i n a s i l o g a m

( a l u m i n i u m , t i t a n i u m , z i r k o n i u m ) d e n g a n n o n l o g a m d a l a m b e n t u k o k s i d a , n i t r i d a

a t a u k a r b i d a . C o n t o h n y a a d a l a h p a d a m e m b r a n a l u m i n a a t a u z i r k o n i a . P a d a

m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s u s u n a n , b e n t u k , d a n u k u r a n p o r i m e n j a d i k u n c i k a r a k t e r i s a s i

m e m b r a n . P e r k e m b a n g a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s e m a k i n p e s a t u n t u k b e r b a g a i p r o s e s

p e m i s a h a n d a n p e m e k a t a n k a r e n a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k m e m i l i k i k e u n g g u l a n y a i t u

k e s t a b i l a n t e r m a l , k i m i a , d a n m e k a n i k y a n g t i n g g i s e h i n g g a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k

t e r s e b u t m e m i l i k i w a k t u p e m a k a i a n {life-time) y a n g l a m a d a n m u d a h d i l a k u k a n

p e n c u c i a n ( A k b a r y , 2 0 0 9 ) .

M e m b r a n k e r a m i k b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n u n t u k p r o s e s m i k r o f i l t r a s i d a n

u l t r a f i l t r a s i , b a h k a n u n t u k p e m i s a h a n g a s y a n g m e m e r l u k a n s u h u t i n g g i .

K e t a h a n a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k t e r h a d a p t e m p e r a t u r t i n g g i m e m b u a t m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k s a n g a t d i s u k a i u n t u k p e m i s a h a n g a s p a d a s u h u t i n g g i , k h u s u s n y a d a l a m

k o m b i n a s i d e n g a n r e a k s i k i m i a d i m a n a m e m b r a n d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i k a t a l i s

m a u p u n p e m b a w a s e l e k t i f y a n g a k a n m e m i s a h k a n k o m p o n e n y a n g s u d a h

d i b e n t u k .

Fluks m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s e c a r a l a n g s u n g b e r h u b i m g a n d e n g a n p o r o s i t a s ,

d i m a n a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g b a g u s a d a l a h m e m b r a n d e n g a n p o r o s i t a s t i n g g i ,

t e t a p i t i d a k m e n u r u n k a n k e k u a t a n m e k a n i k m e m b r a n t e r s e b u t . P o r o s i t a s m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n d e n g a n a g l o m e r i s a s i p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l b a h a n k e r a m i k

p a d a t a h a p a w a l p e m p r o s e s s a n , y a i t u p a d a s a a t p e m b e n t u k a n s u s p e n s i d a n p r o s e s

p e n c e t a k a n ( A k b a r y , 2 0 0 9 ) .

D a l a m p r o s e s p e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k a n u k u r a n

p o r i - p o r i y a n g s a m a . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k m e m p i m y a i a p l i k a s i y a n g s a n g a t l u a s ,

b a i k d i l a b o r a t o r i u m m a u p u n i n d u s t r i . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n

d a l a m i n d u s t r i k a r e n a m e m i l i k i b a n y a k k e l e b i h a n d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n m e m b r a n

p o l i m e r , y a i t u m e m p u n y a i k e t a h a n a n k i m i a w i , k e t a h a n a n m e k a n i k , d a n j u g a

k e t a h a n a n t e r m a l y a n g l e b i h b a i k . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k b a n y a k d i a p l i k a s i k a n p a d a

p r o s e s p e m i s a h a n g a s p a d a i n d u s t r i g a s d a n m i n y a k b u m i , p e m u m i a n a i r ,

p e m u m i a n g a s , k l a r i f i k a s i d a n s t e r i l i s a s i p r o d u k m i n u m a n .

11

2.4. Membran Zeolit

M e m b r a n z e o l i t t e r m a s u k d a l a m k a t e g o r i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k . J e n i s

m e m b r a n i n i b a n y a k d i g u n a k a n p a d a p r o s e s k o m e r s i a l s a a t i n i . M e m b r a n z e o l i t

b e r b e n t u k m i k r o p o r o s y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a r i z e o l i t d a n d i p r o s e s m e n g g u n a k a n

m e t o d e k r i s t a l i s a s i l a p i s a n z e o l i t d e n g a n t e m p e r a t u r d a n t e k a n a n y a n g t i n g g i .

D e n g a n b e n t u k m e m b r a n y a n g b e r u p a m i k r o p o r o s , m a k a m e m b r a n z e o l i t

m e m i l i k i k e u n g g u l a n d a l a m m e n y e l e k s i m o l e k u l z a t .

M e m b r a n z e o l i t s u l i t d i h a s i l k a n d a n m e m e r l u k a n b i a y a y a n g t i n g g i

t e r u t a m a d a l a m p e m b u a t a n z e o l i t n y a . U n t u k i t u , k e b a n y a k a n d a r i m e m b r a n j e n i s

i n i d i h a s i l k a n d a r i z e o l i t y a n g d i a m b i l l a n g s u n g d a r i m a t e r i a l y a n g m e n g a n d u n g

z e o l i t y a n g t e r d i s p e r s i d a l a m m a t r i k s p o l i m e r s e h i n g g a l e b i h s e r i n g d i s e b u t mixed

matrix membrane ( A k b a r y , 2 0 0 9 ) .

P r i n s i p s e l e k t i f i t a s p a d a m e m b r a n z e o l i t a d a l a h s e p e r t i p e r m o d e l a n p a d a

m e m b r a n m i k r o p o r o s , d i m a n a m o l e k u l y a n g l e b i h k e c i l d a r i p o r i a k a n d i s e l e k s i .

U n t u k k a s u s mixed matrix membrane, d i g a b u n g k a n a n t a r a k e d u a m o d e l m e m b r a n .

S y a r a t p e r t a m a s e l e k s i a d a l a h m o l e k u l y a n g d a p a t b e r d i r i m e l a l u i f a s a p o l i m e r d a n

c u k u p u n t u k m e l e w a t i p o r i d a r i z e o l i t ( A k b a r y , 2 0 0 9 ) .

2.5. Adsorbsi

A d s o r b s i a d a l a h p e r i s t i w a p e n y e r a p a n p a d a p e r m u k a a n s u a t u a d s o r b e n ,

m i s a l n y a a d s o r b s i z a t p a d a t t e r h a d a p g a s a t a u z a t c a i r . Z a t y a n g t e r a d s o r b s i

d i s e b u t s e b a g a i a d s o r b a t d a n z a t p e n g a d s o r b s i d i s e b u t a d s o r b e n ( K a s m a d i , 2 0 0 2 ) .

A d s o r b s i a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u p r o s e s p e n y e r a p a n d i m a n a s u a t u c a i r a n a t a u g a s a k a n

t e r i k a t p a d a s u a t u p a d a t a n a t a u c a i r a n ( a b s o r b e n ) d a n m e m b e n t u k l a p i s a n film

( a d s o r b a t ) p a d a p e r m u a k a a n n y a .

P e r i s t i w a a d s o r b s i d a p a t t e r j a d i p a d a a d s o r b e n y a n g p a d a u m u m n y a

b e b e r a p a z a t p a d a t . A d s o r b s i o l e h z a t p a d a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i d u a , y a i t u a d s o r b s i

fisis (fisisorpsi) d a n a d s o r b s i k h e m i s (chemisorpsi). A d s o r b s i fisik d i s e b a b k a n

o l e h g a y a van der Waals. P a d a a d s o r b s i fisik, m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l t e r a d s o r b s i p a d a

p e r m u k a a n d e n g a n i k a t a n y a n g l e m a h . P a d a a d s o r b s i k h e m i s , m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l

y a n g t e r a d s o r b s i p a d a p e r m u k a a n b e r e a k s i s e c a r a k i m i a , s e h i n g g a t e r j a d i

p e m u t u s a n d a n p e m b e n t u k a n i k a t a n ( A d a m s o n , 1 9 9 0 ) .

12

1. Physisorption (adsorbsi fisika)

A d s o r b s i fisika t e r j a d i k a r e n a g a y a Van der Walls d i m a n a k e t i k a g a y a t a r i k

m o l e k u l a n t a r a l a r u t a n d a n p e r m u k a a n m e d i a l e b i h b e s a r d a r i p a d a g a y a t a r i k

s u b s t a n s i t e r l a r u t d a n l a r u t a n , m a k a s u b s t a n s i t e r l a r u t a k a n d i a d s o r b s i o l e h

p e r m u k a a n m e d i a . Physisorption i n i m e m i l i k i g a y a t a r i k Van der Walls y a n g

k e k u a t a n n y a r e l a t i f k e c i l ( H a n d a y a n i , 2 0 1 1 ) .

C o n t o h :

A d s o r b s i o l e h z e o l i t , s i l i k a g e l , d a n k a r b o n a k t i f . A k t i v a s i k a r b o n a k t i f

p a d a t e m p e r a t u r y a n g t i n g g i a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n s t r u k t u r b e r p o r i d a n l u a s

p e r m u k a a n a d s o r b s i y a n g b e s a r . S e m a k i n b e s a r l u a s p e r m u k a a n y a n g d i h a s i l k a n ,

m a k a s e m a k i n b a n y a k s u b s t a n s i t e r l a r u t y a n g a k a n m e l e k a t p a d a p e r m u k a a n

m e d i a a d s o r b s i .

2. Chemisorption (adsorbsi kimia)

Chemisorption t e r j a d i k e t i k a t e r b e n t u k n y a i k a t a n k i m i a a n t a r a s u b s t a n s i

t e r l a r u t d a l a m l a r u t a n d e n g a n m o l e k u l d a l a m m e d i a ( H a n d a y a n i , 2 0 1 1 ) .

C o n t o h :

M e t a l h y d r i d e , c a l c i u m s h o l i d e , d a n I o n e x c h a n g e .

F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i p r o s e s a d s o r b s i ( H a n d a y a n i , 2 0 1 1 ) :

1 . J e n i s a d s o r b a t

a. U k u r a n m o l e k u l m e r u p a k a n h a l p e n t i n g a g a s a d s o r b s i d a p a t t e r j a d i s e c a r a

s e m p u m a , m o l e k u l y a n g d a p a t d i a d s o r b s i a d a l a h m o l e k u l y a n g d i a m e t e m y a

l e b i h k e c i l a t a u s a m a d e n g a n d i a m e t e r p o r i - p o r i a d s o r b e n ,

b . A d s o r b a t d e n g a n r a n t a i y a n g b e r c a b a n g b i a s a n y a l e b i h m u d a h d i a d s o r b s i

d i b a n d i n g k a n r a n t a i y a n g l u r u s .

c . A p a b i l a d i a m e t e r s a m a , m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l p o l a r l e b i h k u a t t e r a d s o r b s i

d a r i p a d a m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l t i d a k p o l a r . K e m a m p u a n a d s o r b s i m o l e k u l y a n g

m e m p u n y a i p o l a r i s a b i l i t a s y a n g t i n g g i .

2 . K o n s e n t r a s i

S e m a k i n t i n g g i k o n s e n t r a s i m a k a s e m a k i n b e s a r j u m l a h a d s o r b a t y a n g d a p a t

t e r a d s o r b s i . J i k a k o n s e n t r a s i a b s o r b a t t i n g g i , k e m u n g k i n a n a d s o r b s i

b e r s e n t u h a n d e n g a n a d s o r b e n m a k i n b e s a r .

13

3 . L u a s p e r m u k a a n

S e m a k i n b e s a r l u a s p e r m u k a a n a d s o r b e n m a k a j u m l a h m o l e k u l a b s o r b a t y a n g

t e r a b s o r b s i a k a n s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t . L u a s p e r m u k a a n a d s o r b e n d i t e n t u k a n

o l e h u k u r a n p a r t i k e l d a n j u m l a h a d s o r b e n .

4 . T e m p e r a t u r

P a d a s a a t m o l e k u l - m o l e k u l g a s m e l e k a t p a d a p e r m u k a a n a d s o r b e n a k a n t e r j a d i

p e r i s t i w a p e m b e b a s a n e n e r g i . B e r k u r a n g n y a t e m p e r a t u r a k a n m e n a m b a h

j u m l a h a b s o r b a t y a n g t e r a d s o r b s i l e b i h b a n y a k .

2.6. Media Filter

2.6.1. Zeolit

N a m a z e o l i t b e r a s a l d a r i k a t a zein y a n g b e r a r t i m e n d i d i h d a n Uthos y a n g

a r t i n y a b a t u a n , d e n g a n d e m i k i a n m i n e r a l z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n z a t y a n g m e m p u n y a i

s i f a t m e n d i d i h a t a u m e n g e m b a n g a p a b i l a d i p a n a s k a n . Z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n b a t u a n

a t a u m i n e r a l a l a m y a n g s e c a r a k i m i a w i t e r m a s u k g o l o n g a n m i n e r a l s i l i k a d a n

d i n y a t a k a n s e b a g a i a l u m i n a s i l i k a t t e r h i d r a s i , b e r b e n t u k h a l u s , d a n m e r u p a k a n

h a s i l p r o d u k s e k u n d e r y a n g s t a b i l p a d a k o n d i s i p e r m u k a a n k a r e n a b e r a s a l d a r i

p r o s e s s e d i m e n t a s i , p e l a p u k a n , d a n a k t i v i t a s h i d r o t e r m a l ( S u t a r t i , 1 9 9 4 ) .

M i n e r a l z e o l i t d i k e n a l s e b a g a i b a h a n a l a m d a n u m u m n y a d a l a m b e n t u k

b a t u a n clinoptilolite, mordenite, b a r r e r i t e , chabazite, stilbite, a n a l c i m e d a n

laumonlite, s e d a n g k a n offerite, paulingite, dan mazzite h a n y a s e d i k i t d a n j a r a n g

d i j u m p a i . Z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n s e n y a w a a l u m i n a s i l i k a ( S i / A l ) y a n g m e m p u n y a i p o r i

d a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n y a n g r e l a t i f b e s a r , s e h i n g g a m e m p u n y a i s i f a t a d s o r b s i y a n g

t i n g g i . Z e o l i t d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n S i y a n g t i n g g i s e p e r t i clinoptilolite, mordenite,

dan ferrierite d i k e l o m p o k k a n s e b a g a i b a t u a n acidic.

Z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n k r i s t a l b e r o n g g a y t m g t e r b e n t u k o l e h j a r i n g a n s i l i k a

a l u m i n a t e t r a h e d r a l t i g a d i m e n s i d a n m e m p i m y a i s t r u k t u r y a n g r e l a t i f t e r a t u r

d e n g a n r o n g g a y a n g d i d a l a m n y a t e r i s i o l e h l o g a m a l k a l i a t a u a l k a l i t a n a h s e b a g a i

p e n y e i m b a n g m u a t a n n y a . R o n g g a - r o n g g a t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n s u a t u s i s t e m

s a l u r a n y a n g d i d a l a m n y a t e r i s i o l e h m o l e k u l a i r ( I s m a r y a t a , 1 9 9 9 ) .

14

K e r a n g k a d a s a r s t r u k t u r z e o l i t t e r d i r i d a r i u n i t - u n i t t e t r a h e d r a l ( A 1 0 4 ) ^ ' d a n

(8104)"*' y a n g s a l i n g b e r h u b u n g a n m e l a l u i a t o m o k s i g e n d a n d i d a l a m s t r u k t u r

t e r s e b u t S i^ ' ^dapa t d i g a n t i A p ^ d e n g a n s u b s t i t u s i i s o m o r f i k . F o r m u l a u n t u k s a t u a n

s e l z e o l i t a d a l a h M x / n { ( A l 0 2 ) x ( S i 0 2 ) y } . ZH2O, d i m a n a M m e r u p a k a n k a t i o n

a l k a l i / a l k a l i t a n a h , n m e r u p a k a n v a l e n s i l o g a m a l k a l i / a l k a l i t a n a h , { }

m e r u p a k a n k e r a n g k a a l u m i n a , z m e r u p a k a n j u m l a h m o l e k u l a i r y a n g t e r h i d r a t ,

s e r t a x d a n y m e r u p a k a n j u m l a h t e t r a h e d r o n p e r u n i t s e l ( M a r t i n , 2 0 0 0 ) . B i a s a n y a

y / x b e m i l a i 1 - 5 , t e t a p i z e o l i t d e n g a n s i l i c a t i n g g i h a r g a y / x d i b u a t h i n g g a 1 0 - 1 0 0

a t a u b a h k a n l e b i h t i n g g i .

S t r u k t u r k e r a n g k a z e o l i t m e n g a n d u n g s a l u r a n a t a u h u b u n g a n r o n g g a y a n g

b e r i s i k a t i o n d a n m o l e k u l a i r . K a t i o n a k t i f b e r g e r a k d a n u m u m n y a b e r t i n d a k

s e b a g a i i o n e x c h a n g e . A i r d a p a t d i h i l a n g k a n s e c a r a r e v e r s i b e l y a n g s e c a r a u m u m

d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n p e m b e r i a n p a n a s ( R i n i , 2 0 1 0 ) .

S e m u a z e o l i t y a n g d i t e m u k a n d i a l a m s e l a l u m e n g a n d u n g a i r . A i r

m e r u p a k a n m o l e k u l p o l a r y a n g s a n g a t m u d a h t e r a d s o r b s i d i p e r m u k a a n z e o l i t .

K a r e n a u k u r a n n y a k e c i l , a i r a k a n m e n g i s i s e l u r u h s a l u r a n d a n r o n g g a - r o n g g a

d a l a m k r i s t a l z e o l i t . A i r t e r a d s o r b s i i n i d a p a t d i d e s o r b s i k a n d e n g a n c a r a

p e m a n a s a n . A d s o r b s i k e m b a l i t e r j a d i b i l a z e o l i t d i k o n t a k k a n d e n g a n a i r / u a p a i r .

J e n i s d a n k o n s e n t r a s i k a t i o n d a l a m k r i s t a l z e o l i t s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a u k u r a n

s a l u r a n b e b a s , m a k i n b e s a r k a t i o n m a k i n k e c i l u k u r a n s a l u r a n s a l u r a n .

D a l a m p r a k t i k , p e n g a r u h u k u r a n k a t i o n i n i d a p a t d i m a n f a a t k a n u n t u k

m e n g e n d a l i k a n s i f a t a y a k a n m o l e k u l . K o n s e n t r a s i k a t i o n y a n g e k u i v a l e n d e n g a n

15

k o n s e n t r a s i A l d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k a n m e d a n l i s t r i k e l e k t r o s t a t i s y a n g k e k u a t a n n y a

d i p e n g a r u h i j u g a o l e h j e n i s d a n d i s t r i b u s i n y a . S i f a t y a n g d i t i m b u l k a n i n i

b e r p e n g a r u h p a d a s e l e k t i v i t a s a d s o r b s i p e r m u k a a n z e o l i t ( R i n i , 2 0 1 0 ) .

K a r a k t e r i s t i k s t r u k t u r z e o l i t a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . S a n g a t b e r p o r i , k a r e n a k r i s t a l z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n k e r a n g k a y a n g t e r b e n t u k d a r i

j a r i n g t e t r a h e d r a l S i 0 4 d a n AIO4 .

2 . P o r i - p o r i n y a b e r u k u r a n m o l e k u l , k a r e n a p o r i z e o l i t t e r b e n t u k d a r i t u m p u k a n

c i n c i n b e r a n g g o t a k a n 6 , 8 , 1 0 , a t a u 1 2 t e t r a h e d r a l .

3 . D a p a t m e n u k a r k a n k a t i o n , k a r e n a p e r b e d a a n m u a t e m A p ^ s a n S i ' * ^ m e n j a d i k a n

a t o m A l d a p a t k e r a n g k a k r i s t a l b e r m u a t a n n e g a t i f d a n m e m b u t u h k a n k a t i o n

p e n e t r a l . K a t i o n p e n e t r a l y a n g b u k a n m e n j a d i b a g i a n k e r a n g k a i n i m u d a h

d i g a n t i d e n g a n k a t i o n l a i n n y a .

4 . D a p a t d i j a d i k a n p a d a t a n y a n g b e r s i f a t a s a m , k a r e n a p e n g g a n t i a n k a t i o n

p e n e t r a l d e n g a n p r o t o n - p r o t o n m e n j a d i k a n z e o l i t p a d a t a n a s a m B r o n s t e d .

B a n y a k k r i s t a l z e o l i t b a r u t e l a h d i s i n t e s i s d a n m e m e n u h i b e b e r a p a f i m g s i

p e n t i n g d a l a m i n d u s t r i k i m i a , m i n y a k b u m i d a n j u g a d i p a k a i s e b a g a i p r o d u k

s e p e r t i d e t e r g e n . A d a s e k i t a r 1 5 0 t i p e z e o l i t s i n t e t i k d a n 4 0 m i n e r a l z e o l i t .

U m u m n y a b i j i z e o l i t k u a l i t a s t i n g g i d i t a m b a n g d e n g a n p r o s e s p e n g h a n c u r a n ,

p e n g e r i n g a n , p e m b u b u k a n , d a n p e n y a r i n g a n .

2.6.1.1 Macam-macam Zeolit

M a c a m - m a c a m z e o l i t d i k e l o m p o k a n m e n j a d i 4 y a i t u :

a. Z e o l i t y a n g t e r b e n t u k p a d a s u h u t i n g g i , d i m a n a m a s i n g - m a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e

t e r t e n t u a k a n t e r b e n t u k j e n i s z e o l i t t e r t e n t u p u l a .

b . Z e o l i t y a n g t e r b e n t u k d i d e k a t p e r m u k a a n l i n g k i m g a n s e d i m e n t a s i n y a d e n g a n

p e r u b a h a n k i m i a .

c. Z e o l i t y a n g t e r b e n t u k p a d a s u h u r e n d a h p a d a l i n g k i m g a n p e n g e n d a p a n l a u t .

d . Z e o l i t y a n g t e r b e n t u k s e b a g a i a k i b a t d a r i t e r b e n t u k n y a craters d i l i n g k u n g a n

d a s a r l a u t y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n fast hydrothermal zeolitization d a r i g e l a s

v u l k a n i k ( R i n i , 2 0 1 0 ) .

16

2.6.1.2 Sifat-sifat Zeolit

a. D e h i d r a s i

D e h i d r a s i a d a l a h p r o s e s y a n g b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e l e p a s k a n m o l e k u l -

m o l e k u l a i r d a r i k i s i k r i s t a l s e h i n g g a t e r b e n t u k s u a t u r o n g g a d e n g a n p e r m u k a a n

y a n g l e b i h b e s a r d a n t i d a k l a g i t e r l i n d u n g i o l e h s e s u a t u y a n g b e r p e n g a r u h

t e r h a d a p p r o s e s a d s o r b s i . P r o s e s d e h i d r a s i m e m p u n y a i f i m g s i u t a m a m e l e p a s

m o l e k u l a i r d a r i k e r a n g k a z e o l i t s e h i n g g a m e m p e r t i n g g i k e a k t i f a n z e o l i t . J u m l a h

m o l e k u l a i r s e s u a i d e n g a n j u m l a h p o r i - p o r i a t a u v o l u m e y a n g h a m p a y a n g a k a n

t e r b e n t u k b i l a u n i t s e l k r i s t a l z e o l i t t e r s e b u t d i p a n a s k a n .

b . A d s o r b s i

P a d a k e a d a a n n o r m a l , r u a n g h a m p a d a l a m k r i s t a l z e o l i t t e r i s i o l e h m o l e k u l

a i r b e b a s y a n g b e r a d a d i s e k i t a r k a t i o n . B i l a k r i s t a l z e o l i t d i p a n a s k a n p a d a s u h u

s e k i t a r 3 0 0 - 4 0 0 a i r t e r s e b u t a k a n k e l u a r s e h i n g g a z e o l i t d a p a t b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i

p e n y e r a p g a s a t a u c a i r a n . D e h i d r a s i m e n y e b a b k a n z e o l i t m e m p u n y a i s t r u k t u r p o r i

y a n g s a n g a t t e r b u k a d a n m e m p u n y a i l u a s p e r m u k a a n i n t e r n a l y a n g l u a s .

c. P e n u k a r I o n

P e n u k a r i o n d i d a l a m z e o l i t a d a l a h p r o s e s d i m a n a i o n a s h y a n g t e r d a p a t

d a l a m i n t r a k r i s t a l i n d i g a n t i d e n g a n k a t i o n l a i n d a r i l a r u t a n . Z e o l i t m e m p u n y a i

s t r u k t u r a n g k a t i g a d i m e n s i y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i t e t r a h e d r a l Si02 d a n AIO4 , t r i v a l e n t

A l ^ + d a l a m p o s i s i t e t r a h e d r a l n y a m e m b u t u h k a n a d a n y a p e n a m b a h a n m u a t a n

l i s t r i k , b i a s a n y a m e n g g u n a k a n N a + , K + , M g + , a t a u C a + . D a l a m s t r u k t u r

r a n g k a z e o l i t , k a t i o n - k a t i o n t e r s e b u t t i d a k t e r i k a t p a d a p o s i s i y a n g t e p a t , t a p i d a p a t

b e r g e r a k b e b a s d a l a m r a n g k a z e o l i t d a n b e r t i n d a k s e b a g a i counter ion y a n g d a p a t

d i p e r t u k a r k a n d e n g a n k a t i o n - k a t i o n l a i n .

d . K a t a l i s a t o r

Z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n k a t a l i s a t o r y a n g b a i k k a r e n a m e m p u n y a i p o r i - p o r i y a n g

b e s a r d e n g a n p e r m u k a a n y a n g l u a s d a n j u g a m e m i l i k i s i s i a k t i f . D e n g a n a d a n y a

r o n g g a i n t r a k r i s t a l i n , z e o l i t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i k a t a l i s , r e a k s i k a t a l i t i k

d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h u k u r a n m u l u t r o n g g a d a n s i s t e m a l u r k a r e n a r e a k s i i n i t e r g a n t u n g

p a d a d i f u s i p e r e a k s i d a n h a s i l r e a k s i .

1 7

e. P e n y a r i n g / p e m i s a h

Z e o l i t m a m p u m e m i s a h k a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r b e d a a n u k u r a n , b e n t u k d a n

p o l a r i t a s d a r i b e b e r a p a m o l e k u l y a n g d i s a r i n g . Z e o l i t d a p a t m e m i s a h k a n m o l e k u l

g a s a t a u p a d a t d a r i s u a t u z a t c a m p u r a n t e r t e n t u k a r e n a m e m p u n y a i r o n g g a y a n g

c u k u p b e s a r d e n g a n g a r i s t e n g a h y a n g b e r m a c a m - m a c a m ( a n t a r a 2 - 3 A ) . V o l u m e

d a n u k u r a n g a r i s t e n g a h r u a n g k o s o n g d a l a m k r i s t a l - k r i s t a l i n i m e n j a d i d a s a r

k e m a m p u a n z e o l i t u n t u k b e r t i n d a k s e b a g a i p e n y a r i n g m o l e k u l . M o l e k u l y a n g

b e r u k u r a n l e b i h k e c i l d a p a t m a s u k k e d a l a m p o r i - p o r i , s e d a n g k a n m o l e k u l y a n g

b e r u k u r a n l e b i h b e s a r d a r i p o r i - p o r i a k a n t e r t a h a n y a n g d i s e b u t d e n g a n i s t i l a h

k o n s e n t r a t .

U n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n k a n d u n g a n a l u m i n i u m y a n g o p t i m u m p a d a z e o l i t

d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e t o d e d e a l u m i n a s i . D e a l u m i n a s i d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k

m e n g o n t r o l a k t i v i t a s k e a s a m a n d a n u k u r a n p o r i - p o r i z e o l i t y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n

d e n g a n f u n g s i z e o l i t s e b a g a i p e n y e r a p ( K h a i r i n a l d a n T r i s u n a r y a n t i , 2 0 0 0 ) .

2.6.2. ZnO

Zinc oxide d e n g a n r a m u s m o l e k u l Z n O m e r u p a k a n s e n y a w a a n o r g a n i k

y a n g b e r w u j u d p a d a t , b e r w a m a p u t i h h i n g g a p u t i h k e k u n i n g - k u n i n g a n . Z n O

s e c a r a l u a s d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n a d i t i f p a d a p r o d u k - p r o d u k d a n m a t e r i a l

s e p e r t i p l a s t i k , k e r a m i k , k a c a , d a n s e m e n . M e s k i p u n Z n O t e r d a p a t d a l a m k e r a k

b u m i d a l a m b e n t u k m i n e r a l y a n g d i n a m a k a n zincite, n a m u n p a d a u m u m n y a

p r o d u k s i Z n O s e c a r a k o m e r s i a l d i b u a t s e c a r a s i n t e s i s .

( h t t p : / / i d . s c r i b d . c o m / d o c / 7 4 0 4 9 1 4 5 / S e n g - O k s i d a ) .

2.7. Bahan Pembuatan Membran Keramik

1 . T a n a h l i a t

T a n a h l i a t b e r a s a l d a r i k e r a k b u m i y a n g t e r j a d i k a r e n a p e l a p u k a n , e r o s i a n g i n ,

a i r d a n gletser. T a n a h l i a t a d a l a h b a h a n b a k u u t a m a p e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k ,

a d a p u n k o m p o s i s i t a n a h l i a t s e b a g a i b e r i k u t .

http://id.scribd.com/doc/74049

1 8

Tabel 2.2. K o m p o s i s i T a n a h H a t

N o . S e n y a w a K i m i a P e r s e n t a s i ( % )

1 . S i 0 2 6 2 , 0 6

2 . F e z O a 6 , 6 5

3 . N H 2 C O 3 1 4 , 1 3

4 . C a O 3 , 1 3

5 . M g O 0 , 2 9

6 . N a 2 0 6 , 5 2

7 . K 2 O 2 , 6 9

8 . T i O 0 , 3 0

9 . H 2 O 0 , 9 4

S u m b e r : D i n a s P e r t a m b a n g a n d a n E n e r g i S u m s e l , 2 0 0 5

2 . Z e o l i t

K a r a k t e r i s t i k s t r u k t u r z e o l i t a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . S a n g a t b e r p o r i , k a r e n a k r i s t a l z e o l i t m e r u p a k a n k e r a n g k a y a n g t e r b e n t u k

d a r i j a r i n g t e t r a h e d r a l S i 0 4 d a n A I O 4 -

2 . D a p a t m e n u k a r k a n k a t i o n , k a r e n a p e r b e d a a n m u a t a n A l ^ " ^ s a n S i*"^

m e n j a d i k a n a t o m A l d a p a t k e r a n g k a k r i s t a l b e r m u a t a n n e g a t i f d a n

m e m b u t u h k a n k a t i o n p e n e t r a l . K a t i o n p e n e t r a l y a n g b u k a n m e n j a d i b a g i a n

k e r a n g k a i n i m u d a h d i g a n t i d e n g a n k a t i o n l a i n n y a .

3 . D a p a t m e n j a d i k a t a l i s s o l i d k a r e n a m e m p u n y a i p o r i - p o r i y a n g b e s a r d e n g a n

p e r m u k a a n y a n g l u a s d a n j u g a m e m i l i k i s i s i a k t i f .

4 . D a p a t d i j a d i k a n p a d a t a n y a n g b e r s i f a t a s a m , k a r e n a p e n g g a n t i a n k a t i o n

p e n e t r a l d e n g a n p r o t o n - p r o t o n m e n j a d i k a n z e o l i t p a d a t a n a s a m B r o n s t e d .

3 . Z i n c o x i d e

K a r a k t e r i s t i k zinc oxide a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . Zinc oxide m e r u p a k a n s e n y a w a a n o r g a n i k y a n g b e r w u j u d p a d a t .

2 . B e r w a m a p u t i h h i n g g a p u t i h k e k u n i n g - k u n i n g a n .

3 . S e c a r a l u a s d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n a d i t i f p a d a p r o d u k - p r o d u k d a n

m a t e r i a l s e p e r t i p l a s t i k , k e r a m i k , k a c a .

4 . D a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i k a t a l i s .

19

4 . S e m e n p u t i h

S e m e n p u t i h b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i p e r e k a t y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e m b u a t a n

m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

2.8. Analisa Titrimetn

A n a l i s a t i t r i m e t n m e n g a c u p a d a a n a l i s a k i m i a k u a n t i t a t i f y a n g d i l a k u k a n

d e n g a n m e n e t a p k a n v o l u m e s u a t u l a r u t a n y a n g k o n s e n t r a s i n y a d i k e t a h u i d e n g a n

t e p a t d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k b e r e a k s i s e c a r a k u a n t i t a t i f d e n g a n l a r u t a n d a r i z a t y a n g

a k a n d i t e t a p k a n . L a r u t a n d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i / k e k u a t a n y a n g t e l a h d i k e t a h u i

t e r s e b u t d i s e b u t d e n g a n l a r u t a n s t a n d a r ( U n d e r w o o d , 1 9 9 0 ) .

L a r u t a n s t a n d a r d i t a m b a h k a n d a r i d a l a m b i u r e t p a d a p r o s e s t i t r a s i . P r o s e s

p e n a m b a h a n l a r u t a n s t a n d a r s a m p a i t i t i k e k u i v a l e n u n t u k m e n e t a p k a n s u a t u

v o l u m e d i s e b u t d e n g a n t i t r a s i . T i t i k e k u i v a l e n s e r i n g j u g a d i s e b u t d e n g a n t i t i k

a k h i r s t o i k i o m e t r i , u n t u k m e n g a k h i r i s u a t u t i t r a s i h a r u s t e r d e t e k s i o l e h s u a t u

p e r u b a h a n m a k a d i t a m b a h k a n s u a t u z a t y a n g d i k e n a l d e n g a n i n d i k a t o r . P e r u b a h a n

w a m a y a n g t e r j a d i a k i b a t z a t i n d i k a t o r d i s e b u t d e n g a n t i t i k a k h i r .

I s t i l a h t i t r a s i m e n y a n g k u t p r o s e s u n t u k m e n g u k u r v o l u m e t i t r a n y a n g

d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k m e n c a p a i t i t i k e k u i v a l e n . S e l a m a b e r t a h u n - t a h u n i s t i l a h a n a l i s a

v o l u m e t r i k s e r i n g d i g u n a k a n d a r i p a d a t i t r i m e t r i , a k a n t e t a p i d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i y a n g

l e b i h s p e s i f i k i s t i l a h t i t r e m e t r i l e b i h b a i k , k a r e n a p e n g u k u r a n - p e n g u k u r a n v o l u m e

t i d a k h a n y a d i b a t a s i o l e h t i t r a s i . P a d a a n a l i s a t e r t e n t u m i s a l n y a , o r a n g d a p a t

m e n g u k u r v o l u m e g a s ( U n d e r w o o d , 1 9 9 0 ) .

2.8.1. Reaksi-Reaksi yang Digunakan untuk Titrasi

R e a k s i - r e a k s i k i m i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i d a s a r u n t u k

p e n e n t u a n t i t r i m e t r i s e c a r a m u d a h p e n g g u n a n n y a d i k e l o m p o k k a n k e d a l a m 4 j e n i s

( U n d e r w o o d , 1 9 9 0 ) :

1. Titrasi Asam Basa

T e r d a p a t b a n y a k a s a m b a s a y a n g d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n t i t r e m e t r i . J i k a HA

m e m p a k a n a s a m y a n g a k a n d i t e n t u k a n d a n B O H b a s a , r e a k s i y a n g t e r j a d i :

H A + O H - • A - +H2O

B O H + H20^ • B ^ + 2H2O

20

Titran biasanya merupakan larutan standar elektrolit kuat, seperti NaOH dan

HCl.

2. Titrasi Oksidasi-Reduksi

Reaksi-reaksi kimia yang manyangkut okisdasi-reduksi secara luas digunakan

dalam analisa titrimetri. Misalnya, besi, dalam keadaan oksidasi +2 dapat

dititrasi dengan suatu larutan standar serium ( I V ) sulfat. Pengoksidasi lain

yang secara luas digunakan sebagai suatu titran adalah kalium permanganat,

KMn04. R dalam reaksi dengan besi ( I I ) dalam larutan asam basa adalah :

5Fe ^ + Mn04-+ 8H^ • 5Fe3++ Mn ^ + 4H2O

3. Titrasi Pengendapan

Pengendapan kation perak dengan anion halogen merupakan proses titrimetri

yang digunakan secara luas. Reaksinya adalah :

Ag^ + C r • AgCl(s)

4. Pembentukan Kompleks

Reaksi yang menhasilkan suatu kompleks stabil adalah antara ion-ion perak

dan sianida:

Ag^ + 2CN • Ag(CN)2-

Reaksi ini merupakan dasar dari yang disebut cara liebig untuk menentukan

sianida. Pereaksi organic tertentu seperti asam etilen diamin tetra asetat

(EDTA), membentuk kompleks stabil dengan sejumlah ion metal dan

digunakan secara luas untuk penentuan logam-logam.

2.8.2 Titrasi Iodometri

Titrasi iodometri adalah salah satu jenis titrasi redoks yang melibatkan

iodium. Titrasi iodometri termasuk jenis titrasi tidak langsung yang dapat

digunakan untuk menetapkan senyawa-senyawa yang mempunyai potensial

oksidasi yang lebih besar daripada sistem iodium atau senyawa-senyawa yang

bersifat oksidator seperti CUSO4.5H2O (http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titrasi).

Bebeda dengan titrasi iodometri yang mereaksikan sampel dengan iodium,

maka pada proses iodometri ini, sampel yang bersifat oksidator direduksi dengan

KI beriebih dan akan menghasilkan I2 yang selanjutnya ditirasi dengan larutan

baku natrium tiosulfat (Na2S203). Banyaknya volume Na2S203 yang digunakan

sebagai titran setara dengan banyaknya sampel.

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titrasi

21

C o n t o h r e a k s i d e n g a n C u :

2 C u ^ ^ + 4 r • 2 C u I + I 2

I 2 + 2 8 2 0 3 ^ - • 2 r + 8 4 0 6 ^ "

P a d a t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i p e r l u d i a w a s i p H n y a . L a r u t a n h a r u s d i j a g a s u p a y a

p H n y a l e b i h k e c i l d a r i 8 k a r e n a d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n y a n g a l k a l i s i o d i u m b e r e a k s i

d e n g a n h i d r o k s i d a m e m b e n t u k i o d i d a d a n h i p o i o d i t d a n s e l a n j u t n y a t e r u r a i

m e n j a d i i o d i d a d a n i o d a t y a n g a k a n m e n g o k s i d a s i t i o s u l f a t m e n j a d i s u l f a t ,

s e h i n g g a r e a k s i b e r j a l a n t i d a k k u a n t i t a t i f . A d a n y a k o n s e n t r a s i a s a m y a n g k u a t

d a p a t m e n a i k k a n o k s i d a s i p o t e n s i a l a n i o n y a n g m e m p u n y a i o k s i d a s i p o t e n s i a l

y a n g l e m a h s e h i n g g a d i r e d u k s i s e m p u m a o l e h i o d i d a . D e n g a n p e n g a t u r a n p H

y a n g t e p a t d a r i l a r u t a n m a k a d a p a t d i a t u r j a l a n n y a r e a k s i d a l a m o k s i d a s i a t a u

r e d u k s i d a r i s e n y a w a .

I n d i k a t o r y a n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m t i t r a s i i n i a d a l a h a m y l u m y a n g s e r i n g

d i k e n a l d e n g a n i n d i k a t o r starch. A m y l u m t i d a k m u d a h l a r u t d a l a m a i r s e r t a t i d a k

s t a b i l d a l a m s u s p e n s i d e n g a n a i r , m e m b e n t u k k o m p l e k s y a n g s u k a r l a r u t d a l a m a i r

b i l a b e r e a k s i d e n g a n i o d i u m , s e h i n g g a t i d a k b o l e h d i t a m b a h k a n p a d a a w a l t i t r a s i .

P e n a m b a h a n a m y l u m d i t a m b a h k a n p a d a s a a t l a r u t a n b e r w a m a k u n i n g p u c a t d a n

d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n t i t i k a k h i r t i t r a s i y a n g t i b a - t i b a . T i t i k a k h i r t i t r a s i d i t a n d a i

d e n g a n t e r j a d i n y a h i l a n g n y a w a m a b i r u d a r i l a m t a n m e n j a d i b e n i n g

( h t t p : / / i d . w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i / t i t r a s i ) .

2.9. Penelitian Terdahulu

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n s e b e i u m n y a y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h R i r i e n , W , B a h r u d d i n d a n

z u l t i n i a r d e n g a n j u d u l ' P r o s e s A bsorpsi Gas H2S Menggunakan

MetHdietanolamin". D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a a b s o r b e n

m e t i l d i e t a n o l a m i n e f e k t i f m e n y e r a p g a s H 2 S s e b a n y a k 5 8 % . K o n d i s i y a n g r e l a t i f

b a i k i m t u k a b s o r p s i g a s H 2 8 d e n g a n M D E A 0 . 0 I M y a n g d i l a k u k a n p a d a p i p a

i a l a h p a d a k o n d i s i l a j u a l i r a b s o r b e n 8 0 m l / m e n d a n j a r a k p e n g i n j e k s i a n 1 7 0 m .

P e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g a d s o r p s i H 2 S p a d a b i o g a s p e m a h d i l a k u k a n o l e h

A n g g r e i n i F a j a r P L , W i r a k a r t i k a M , 8 . R . J u I i a s t u t i , d a n N u n i e k H e n d r i a n i e ,

m a h a s i s w a / i I T S d e n g a n j u d u l " P e n u r u n a n K a d a r C O 2 d a n H2S P a d a B i o g a s

D e n g a n M e t o d e A d s o r p s i M e n g g u n a k a n Z e o l i t A l a m " p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 2 . D a r i h a s i l

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/titrasi

22

p e n e l i t i a n t e r s e b u t d i d a p a t k a n p e r s e n r e m o v a l H2S m a k s i m a l y a n g m a m p u d i c a p a i

p a d a p r o s e s a d s o r p s i p e m u m i a n b i o g a s m e n g g u n a k a n z e o l i t a l a m i n i a d a l a h

s e b e s a r 6 4 , 9 9 7 % , y a i t u p a d a z e o l i t a l a m u k u r a n 1 2 m e s h d a n flowrate m a s u k

b i o g a s 2 0 0 m l / m e n i t d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i H2S o u t p u t s e b e s a r 0 , 5 1 p p m .

P e n e l i t i a n p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 3 d i l a k u k a n o l e h T h o m a s O k t a , m a h a s i s w a

U n s r i d e n g a n j u d u l , " A d s o r b s i H2S Pada Gas Alam Menggunakan Membran

K e r a m i k D e n g a n M e t o d e Titrasi I o d o m e t r i " . D a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n t e r s e b u t

m e m b r a n k e r a m i k m a m p u m e n y e r a p H2S s e b e s a r 8 7 , 5 7 % , d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n

2 5 % Z n O p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

P e n e l i t i a n p a d a t a h u n 2 0 1 4 d i l a k u k a n o l e h W e n i M a n d a s a r i , B e r l i a n , d a n

D i a n R a h a y u J a t i d e n g a n j u d u l "Pembuatan dan Karakteristik Adsorben Gas H2S

dari Zeolit A l a m " . B e r d a s a r k a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i p e r o l e h e f i s i e n s i p e n y e r a p a n

a d s o r b e n z e o l i t a l a m t e r h a d a p g a s H2S t e r b a i k a d a l a h z e o l i t d e n g a n a k t i v a s i , p a d a

v a r i a s i k e t e b a l a n a d s o r b e n 3 c m . E f i s i e n s i p e n y e r a p a n z e o l i t p a d a k e t e b a l a n 3 c m

s e b e s a r 9 1 , 2 2 % . H a l i n i d i k a r e n a k a n z e o l i t t e r a k t i v a s i m e m i l i k i n i l a i k a p a s i t a s

a d s o r b s i d u a k a l i l e b i h b e s a r d a r i z e o l i t t a n p a a k t i v a s i .

BAB I I I

M E T O D E L O G I PENELITIAN

3.1 . Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian

3.1.1. Tempat Penelitian

P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m P u s a t P T P u p u k S r i w i j d a j a P a l e m b a n g .

3.1.2. Waktu Penelitian

W a k t u p e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n s e l a m a b u l a n S e p t e m b e r - D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 6 .

3. 2. Alat dan Bahan

3.2.1. Alat untuk Pemhuatan Memhran Keramik

1 . M o r t a r

2 . C a w a n p o r s e l i n

3 . S p a t u l a

4 . N e r a c a m a s s a

5 . F u r n a c e

6 . S a r i n g a n ( 6 5 m e s h )

3.2.2. Alat untuk Analisa

1 . Wet test meter

2 . S e l a n g

3 . E r l e n m e y e r

4 . B u r e t

5 . L a b u u k u r

6 . P i p e t u k u r

7 . M a g n e t i c s t i r r e r

2 3

24

3.2.3. Bahan untuk Pembuatan Membran Keramik

1 . T a n a h l i a t 3 0 0 0 g r

2 . Z e o l i t 7 5 0 g r

3 . Z n O 7 5 0 g r

4 . S e m e n p u t i h 5 0 0 g r

3.2.4. Bahan untuk Standarisasi Na2S203

1 . H C l 4 N , 5 m l

2 . K I 1 0 % , 5 m l

3 . K r i s t a l K 2 C r 2 0 7 0 , 4 9 g r

4 . N a 2 S 2 O 3 0 , 0 1 N

5 . A q u a d e s

3.2.5. Bahan untuk Analisa H 2 S

1 . C d a s e t a t 1 %

2 . N a O H 1 0 %

3 . S o d i u m Thiosulphate 0 , 0 I N

4 . l o d i n 0 . 0 I N

5 . H C l ( 1 : 1 )

6 . I n d i k a t o r ^ / a r c / z

3.3. Prosedur Penelitian

33.1. Prosedur Pemhuatan Memhran Keramik

1 . S i a p k a n b a h a n - b a h a n y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n b e r u p a t a n a h l i a t 3 0 0 0 g r , z e o l i t

7 5 0 g r , zinc oxide 7 5 0 g r , d a n s e m e n p u t i h 5 0 0 g r . D e n g a n t o t a l b a h a n

c a m p u r a n p e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n s e b e r a t 1 0 0 0 g r s e t i a p j e n i s m e m b r a n .

2 . H a l u s k a n b a h a n z e o l i t d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n m o r t a r .

3 . S a r i n g z e o l i t y a n g t e l a h d i h a l u s k a n , Z n O d a n s e m e n p u t i h a g a r t i d a k t e r d a p a t

p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l p a d a t y a n g m a s i h k a s a r d e n g a n s a r i n g a n u k u r a n 6 5 m e s h

4 . L a k u k a n p e n c e t a k a n d e n g a n p e r b a n d i n g a n k o m p o s i s i s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

25

N o B a h a n M e m u r a n K e r a m i k

A

i v i e m o r a n K e r a m i k

B

i v i e m D r a i i K e r a m i k

C

I V l C l l l u l a J l K e r a m i k

D

1 v i c i i i L/i al 1 K e r a m i k

E 1 T a n a h l i a t 6 0 0 g r 6 0 0 g r 6 0 0 g r 6 0 0 g r 6 0 0 g r

2 Z e o l i t 5 0 g r 1 0 0 g r 1 5 0 g r 2 0 0 g r 2 5 0 g r

3 Z i n c o x i d e 2 5 0 g r 2 0 0 g r 1 5 0 g r 1 0 0 g r 5 0 g r

4 S e m e n p u t i h 1 0 0 g r 1 0 0 g r 1 0 0 g r 1 0 0 g r 1 0 0 g r

5 . L a l u k e r i n g k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g t e l a h d i c e t a k s e l a m a 3 - 5 h a r i d i

b a w a h s i n a r m a t a h a r i .

6 . L a k u k a n p e m b a k a r a n d e n g a n m e n g u n a k a n furnace p a d a s u h u TOO^'C s .d .

750°C s e l a m a 2 j a m .

33.2. Ukuran Membran Keramik

M e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g t e r b u a t d a r i t a n a h l i a t , z e o l i t , z i n c o x i d e , d a n

s e m e n p u t i h m e m i l i k i u k u r a n :

a . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k b e n t u k l e m p e n g a n

D i a m e t e r : 5 c m

T e b a l : 0 , 5 c m

b. M e m b r a n k e r a m i k b e n t u k p a r t i k e l g r a n u l a r

D i a m e t e r : 2 c m - 2 , 5 c m

3.3.3. Prosedur Pembuatan Adsober

1 . S i a p k a n a l a t d a n b a h a n y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n .

2 . P o t o n g p i p a P V C y a n g m e m i l i k i d i a m e t e r 5 ,3 c m d e n g a n t i n g g i m a s i n g -

m a s i n g 1 1 c m s e b a n y a k 4 b u a h .

3 . P o t o n g p i p a k o n e k t o r y a n g m e m i l i k i d i a m e t e r 6 c m d e n g a n t i n g g i m a s i n g -

m a s i n g 7 , 5 c m s e b a n y a k 3 b u a h

4 . S a m b u n g k a n p i p a P V C d e n g a n p i p a k o n e k t o r s a t u p e r s a t u s e h i n g g a

m e m b e n t u k k o l o m d e n g a n t i n g g i 7 0 c m .

26

I

A

Gambar 3.1 S i s t e m A l a t P e n e l i t i a n

3.3.4. Standarisai Larutan Na2S203

1 . S i a p k a n a l a t y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n s e p e r t i l a b u u k u r , e r l e n m e y e r , p i p e t u k u r

d a n b u r e t .

2 . S i a p k a n b a h a n y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n s e p e r t i K 2 C r 2 0 7 , K I , H C l .

3 . D i t i m b a n g 0 , 4 9 g r a m K 2 C r 2 0 7 , l a r u t k a n K 2 C r 2 0 7 d e n g a n a q u a d e s 1 0 0 m l k e

d a l a m l a b u u k u r 1 0 0 m l , l a l u h o m o g e n k a n .

4 . D i p i p e t 1 0 m l l a r u t a n K 2 C r 2 0 7 k e d a l a m E r l e n m e y e r 2 5 0 m l .

5 . D i t a m b a h k a n 5 m l H C l 4 N d a n 5 m l K l 1 0 % m e n g g u n a k a n p i p e t u k u r .

6 . K e m u d i a n t i t r a s i d e n g a n l a r u t a n N a 2 S 2 0 3 0 , 0 1 N s a m p a i w a m a k u n i n g

g a d i n g .

7 . T a m b a h k a n 4 - 5 t e t e s i n d i k a t o r starch s a m p a i w a m a b e r u b a h m e n j a d i b i m t u a ,

k e m u d i a n l a n j u t k a n t i t r a s i s a m p a i w a m a b i m h i l a n g .

8. L a k u k a n k e r j a d i a t a s s e c a r a d u p l o .

9 . H i t u n g N N a 2 S 2 0 3 d e n g a n m m u s :

3 3 . 5 . Analisa H2S dengan Metode Titrasi lodometn

L a n g k a h - l a n g k a h a n a l i s a H 2 S a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . M a s u k k a n C d a s e t a t 1 % ( C d ( C H 3 C O O H ) 2 . 2 H 2 0 ) s e b a n y a k 1 5 0 m l k e d a l a m

E r l e n m e y e r 5 0 0 m l .

2 . T a m b a h k a n N a O H 1 0 % s e b a n y a k 5 m l .

N N a z S z O s = m ^ K z C f z O y

VpXFpXBst K z C r z O y

27

3 . A l i r k a n g a s a l a m d e n g a n k e c e p a t a n 3 l i t e r / m e n i t m e n g g u n a k a n Wet Test

Meter ( W T M ) , s a m p a i 4 0 l i t e r v o l u m e g a s .

4 . A l i r k a n g a s a l a m y a n g k e l u a r d a r i a d s o r b e r k e d a l a m e r l e n m e y e r y a n g b e r i s i

l a r u t a n C d a s e t a t 1 % s a m p a i t e r e n d a m d a l a m l a r u t a n .

5 . T a m b a h k a n l a r u t a n i o d i n 0 , 0 1 N s e b a n y a k 2 0 m l d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n p i p e t

u k u r .

6 . T a m b a h k a n l a r u t a n H C l s e b a n y a k 1 0 m l d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n p i p e t u k u r .

7 . T i t r a s i d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n l a r u t a n N a z S z O j 0 , 0 1 N s a m p a i l a r u t a n

b e r w a m a k u n i n g g a d i n g .

8 . T a m b a h k a n 4 - 5 t e t e s i n d i c a t o r starch s a m p a i b e r w a m a b i r u .

9 . L a k u k a n t i t r a s i k e m b a l i d e n g a n l a m t a n N a z S z O a 0 , 0 1 N s a m p a i l a r u t a n t i d a k

b e r w a m a .

1 0 . H i t u n g k a n d u n g a n H z S ( p p m ) d e n g a n r u m u s :

( B - S ) X N X X 2 2 , 4 x ( t / 2 7 3 ) H2S,pp„, = 4 ^ X 1 0 0 0

3.4 Variabel

3.4.1 Variabel Tetap

V a r i a b e l t e t a p y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e n e l i t a n i n i a d a l a h k e c e p a t a n a l i r a n

g a s 3 l i t e r / m e n i t y a n g m e l a l u i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

3.4.2 Variabel Tidak Tetap

V a r i a b e l t i d a k t e t a p y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h k o m p o s i s i

m e m b r a n d a n w a k t u .

28

3.5 Diagram Alir Penelitian

Persiapan Bahan Baku

T a n a h L i a t ( 3 0 0 0 g r ) , Z e o l i t ( 7 5 0 g r ) , Z n O ( 7 5 0 g r ) , S e m e n P u t i h ( 5 0 0 g r )

Pencetakan Membran Keramik

B e n t u k g r a n u l a r ( 9 0 b u t i r ) & B e n t u k L e m p e n g a n ( 4 b u a h )

Pengeringan

D i b a w a h S i n a r M a t a h a r i ( 3 - 5 h a r i )

Pembakaran

D e n g a n F u r n a c e , s u h u 7 0 0 - 7 5 0 °C s e l a m a 2 j a m

(a) Pembuatan Membran Keramik

Perancangan Alat Pendinginan Membran

Adsorber 4 • Keramik

i Proses Adsorbsi Gas Alam D e n g a n M e m b r a n K e r a m i k

W a k t u : 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 , 4 0 , 5 0 , 6 0 m e n i t

4 Pengambilan Sampel

G a s o u t l e t A d s o r b e r ( 4 0 l i t e r v o l . g a s )

Analisa H2S (ppm)

Dengan Metode Titrasi

Iodometri

(b) Implementasi Membran Keramik (Uji Absorbsi)

Gambar 3.2. Diagram Alir Penelitian

BAB IV

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1. Hasil

4.1.1. Hasil Penetapan Normalitas Larutan NazSzOs

Tabel 4 . 1 . H a s i l T i t r a s i ] N a z S z O s 0 , 0 1 N V o l u m e N a z S z O j ( m l ) N o r m a l i t a s N a 2 S 2 0 3

T i t r a s i I T i t r a s i 2 N o r m a l i t a s N a 2 S 2 0 3

8 , 5 6 8 , 4 0 , 0 1 1 7 6 N

4.1.2. Analisa HzS dengan Menggunakan Metode Titrasi Iodometri

Tabel 4.2. H a s i l A n a l i s a H z S M e n g g u n a k a n M e t o d e T i t r a s i I o d o m e t r i

No Sampel Waktu ^minj

Volume Titrasi (mi) tppmj

1 N o n M e m b r a n K e r a m i k 6 , 4 8 , 6 8 4 8 2 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k A 1 0 6 , 9 6 , 8 7 5 1

- 5 % Z e o l i t 2 0 7 , 1 6 , 1 5 1 3 - 2 5 % Z n O 3 0 7 , 4 5 , 0 6 8 5

4 0 7 , 7 3 , 9 8 0 5 5 0 8 , 0 2 , 8 9 4 7 6 0 8 , 2 2 , 1 7 1 0

3 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k B 1 0 6 , 7 7 , 5 9 8 7 - 1 0 % Z e o l i t 2 0 6 , 8 7 , 2 3 6 9 - 2 0 % Z n O 3 0 7 , 0 6 , 5 1 3 2

4 0 7 , 2 5 , 7 8 9 5 5 0 7 , 7 3 , 9 8 0 3 6 0 8 ,3 1 , 8 0 9 2

4 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k C 1 0 6 , 5 8 , 3 2 2 4 - 1 5 % Z e o l i t 2 0 6 , 7 7 , 5 9 8 7 - 1 5 % Z n O 3 0 7 , 0 6 , 5 1 3 2

4 0 7 , 4 5 , 0 6 5 8 5 0 7 , 9 3 , 2 5 6 6 6 0 8 , 4 1 , 4 7 7 5

29

30

No Sampel Waktu ^ min)

VnliiiTip Titrasi T v a u i u ^ ' a ^ i «ai3B

(ml) H 2 S

(onm) M p m h r a n K p r a m i k O 1 0 6 , 6 7 , 9 6 0 6 - 2 0 % Z e o l i t 2 0 6 , 8 7 , 2 3 6 9 - 1 0 % Z n O 3 0 7 , 1

' ? •

6 , 1 5 1 3 4 0 7 , 6 4 , 3 4 2 1 5 0 8 , 0 2 , 8 9 4 7 6 0 8 , 5 1 , 0 8 5 5

6 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k E 1 0 6 , 7 7 , 5 9 8 7 - 2 5 % Z e o l i t 2 0 7 ,3 5 , 4 2 7 6 - 5 % Z n O 3 0 7 , 8 3 , 6 1 8 4

4 0 8 , 1 2 , 5 3 2 9 5 0 8 , 6 0 , 7 2 3 6 6 0 8 , 7 0 , 3 6 1 8

4.2. Pembahasan

B e r d a s a r k a n p e n e l i t i a n A n g g r e i n i F a j a r P L . d k k ( 2 0 1 2 ) p e r s e n r e m o v a l

H2S m a k s i m a l y a n g m a m p u d i c a p a i p a d a p r o s e s a d s o r p s i p e m u m i a n b i o g a s

m e n g g u n a k a n z e o l i t a l a m i n i a d a l a h s e b e s a r 6 4 , 9 9 7 % , y a i t u p a d a z e o l i t a l a m

u k u r a n 1 2 m e s h . S e h i n g g a z e o l i t y a n g t e l a h d i h a l u s k a n d a n d i s a r i n g d e n g a n

s a r i n g a n 6 5 m e s h m a m p u m e n y e r a p H2S l e b i h o p t i m a l .

A d s o r b e n d i b u a t d a l a m b e n t u k p e l l e t ( g r a n u l a r ) a g a r g a s H2S d a p a t

m e n g a l i r m e l e w a t i c e l a h - c e l a h a d s o r b e n . J i k a a d s o r b e n b e r b e n t u k s e r b u k m a k a

g a s a k a n s u l i t m e l e w a t i a d s o r b e n , m e s k i p u n l u a s p e r m u k a a n n y a l e b i h b e s a r

d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n a d s o r b e n d a l a m b e n t u k p e l l e t ( W e n i M a n d a s a r i , 2 0 1 4 ) .

S e h i n g g a d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e m b u a t a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i

z e o l i t d a n Z n O b e r b e n t u k g r a n u l a r b e r d i a m e t e r 2 - 2 , 5 c m .

T a h a p a n s e l a n j u t n y a d e n g a n p e m b a k a r a n m e n g g u n a k a n f u r n a c e p a d a s u h u

t i n g g i . B e r d a s a r k a n p e n e l i t i a n G u s t i a n d a n S u h a r t o ( 2 0 0 5 ) m e n g g u n a k a n s u h u

500°C d a l a m p e n g a k t i f a n z e o l i t y a n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m p e n u r u n s a l i n i t a s a i r .

P e m b a k a r a n p a d a s u s h u d i l a k u k a n b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n g u a p k a n b a s a B r o n s t e d ,

H2O s e r t a d a p a t m e n g a t u r k e m b a l i s u s u n a n a t o m y a n g t e r t u k a r s e h i n g g a m e n j a d i

l e b i h t e r a t u r d e n g a n t e r b e n t u k n y a o k s i d a l o g a m y a n g s t a b i l d a n k u a t d i a n t a r a

z e o l i t ( J e t s y a d a n M a y g a s a r i , 2 0 1 0 ) . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i t a n a h

l i a t , z e o l i t , Z n O d a n s e m e n p u t i h d i b a k a r m e n g g u n a k a n f u r n a c e p a d a s u h u 7 0 0 -

3 1

7 5 0 a g a r t e r b e n t u k m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g k u a t d a n t e r a k t i v a s i n y a z e o l i t y a n g

t e r k a n d u n g p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k t e r s e b u t .

P a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k a d a l a h m e d i a y a n g a k a n d i g u n a k a n

u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i d a y a a d s o r b s i g a s H2S y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s a l a m , d e n g a n

m e n g g u n a k a n a d s o r b e r y a n g b e r b e n t u k v e s s e l , g a s a l a m m a s u k m e l a l u i b a g i a n

b a w a h a d s o r b e r m e l e w a t i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m n y a , k e l u a r a n

d a r i a t a s v e s s e l d i h a r a p k a n a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n k a d a r H2S y a n g l e b i h r e n d a h .

M e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d a d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t

m e n g a d s o r b s i g a s H2S, t e r d a p a t 5 k o m p o s i s i m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a n g t e r b a g i

m e n j a d i :

1 . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k A ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 5 % Z e o l i t 2 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h )

2 . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k B ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 0 % Z e o l i t , 2 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h )

3. M e m b r a n k e r a m i k C ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 5 % Z e o l i t , 1 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h )

4 . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k D ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 0 % Z e o l i t , 1 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h )

5 . M e m b r a n k e r a m i k E ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 5 % Z e o l i t , 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h )

P e n g u k u r a n k a d a r H2S s e b e l u m d a n s e s u d a h a d s o r b s i y a i t u d e n g a n

m e n g g u n a k a n m e t o d e t i t r a s i o k s i d a s i d a n r e d u k s i m e l i b a t k a n 12 y a n g l e b i h s e r i n g

d i k e n a l y a n g t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i . P r o s e s t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i m e r u p a k a n t i t r a s i d a r i I2

y a n g d i b e b a s k a n d a l a m r e a k s i k i m i a . T i t r a s i l a n g s u n g d e n g a n i o d d i g u n a k a n

l a r u t a n i o d d a l a m k a l i u m o d i d a .

S e b e l u m m e l a k u k a n p r o s e s t i t r a s i u n t u k m e n g u k u r k a n d u n g a n H2S p a d a

g a s a l a m , d i l a k u k a n t e r l e b i h d a h u l u s t a n d a r i s a s i n o r m a l i t a s l a r u t a n N a 2 S 2 0 3 .

S t a n d a r i s a s i l a r u t a n N a 2 S 2 0 3 m e n g g u n a k a n l a r u t a n K 2 C r 2 0 7 d a n K I y a n g

b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i s t a n d a r p r i m e r p e n e t a p a n n o r m a l i t a s N a 2 S 2 0 3 . P a d a s a a t t i t r a s i

b e r l a n g s u n g K 2 C r 2 0 7 d a n K I a k a n b e r e a k s i s e h i n g g a m e m b e n t u k I2 p a d a s u a s a n a

a s a m d e n g a n m e m b e b a s k a n i o d , m a k a d a r i i t u d i t a m b a h k a n H C l y a n g b e r f u n g s i

u n t u k m e n g a t u r t i n g k a t k e a s a m a n d a l a m l a r u t a n .

P e r s a m a a n t e r h a d a p K l :

l O ^ - + 5 r + 6H^ • 3H2O + 3I2 ( 4 . 1 )

P e r s a m a a n t e r h a d a p K 2 C r 2 0 7 :

C r 2 0 / - + 6V + 1 4 H ^ • 2 C r ^ ^ + 7H2O + 3I2 ( 4 . 2 )

32

I o d m e n g o k s i d a s i t i o s u l f a t m e n j a d i i o n t e t r a t i o n a t :

I2 + 28203 - • 2r + S 4 0 6 ^ - ( 4 . 3 )

T i t r a s i N a 2 S 2 0 3 d i l a k u k a n s e b a n y a k 2 k a l i , v o l u m e t i t r a s i N a 2 S 2 0 3 y a n g

d i h a s i l k a n d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g h i t u n g n o r m a l i t a s N a 2 S 2 0 3 d e n g a n r u m u s

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

N N a . S . O 3 = M T 0 : 5 ? Z ? l I 2 5 5 ) ( 4 . 4 ) V X 4 9 , 1

K a n d u n g a n H2S p a d a g a s a l a m d a p a t d i k e t a h u i d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n

p r o s e s t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i , s e b e l u m d i l a k u k a n t i t r a s i , c a m p u r k a n l a r u t a n

Cd(CH3COO)2.2H20 d e n g a n l a r u t a n N a O H , c a m p u r a n i n i a k a n m e n g h a s i l k a n

Cd(0H)2 y a n g b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n g i k a t k a n d u n g a n s u l f u r y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s

a l a m , s e h i n g g a p a d a s a a t g a s H2S d i a l i r k a n k e d a l a m c a m p u r a n t e r s e b u t

d i h a r a p k a n s u l f u r y g t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s a l a m b e r k u r a n g h i n g g a d i b a w a h 1 p p m .

R e a k s i y a n g t e r j a d i a d a l a h :

C d ( C H 3 C O O ) 2 0 ) + 2 N a O H ( i , ^ Cd(OH )2 ( s ) + 2 C H 3 C O O N a ( i , ( 4 . 5 )

Cd(0H)2(s) + H2S(g) ^ C d S ( s ) + 2H20(,) ( 4 . 6 )

V o l u m e y a n g d i h a s i l k a n p a d a p r o s e s t i t r a s i i o d o m e t r i d i g u n a k a n u n t u k

m e n g h i t u n g k a d a r H2S y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s a l a m . U n t u k m e n g h i t u n g

k a n d u n g a n H2S y a i t u d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n r u m u s b a k u s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

H A p p m ^ ( ^ - " ) - ^ - ' ^ ^ - ^ ^ ' ^ - ( ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ) > < 1 0 0 0 ( 4 . 7 )

33

9

Membran Keramik A

Membran Keramik B

Membran Keramik C

Membran Keramik D

Membran Keramik E

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Waktu Kontak (menit)

Grafik 4.1 H u b u n g a n a n t a r a w a k t u k o n t a k ( m e n i t ) t e r h a d a p H2S ( p p m ) y a n g t e r s i s a d a r i a d s o r b s i

P a d a g r a f i k d i a t a s t e r l i h a t b a g a i m a n a p e n g a r u h k u a l i t a s m e m b r a n k e r a m i k

t e r h a d a p d a y a a d s o r b s i H2S. K a n d u n g a n H2S p a d a g a s a l a m y a n g t e r d a p a t d i P T

P u p u k S r i w i j d a j a P a l e m b a n g y a n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k u p r o s e s

p e m b u a t a n a m o n i a k a d a l a h s e b e s a r 8 , 6 8 4 8 p p m . G a s a l a m y a n g m e m i l i k i

k a n d u n g a n H2S d e n g a n j u m l a h s e b e s a r 8 , 6 8 4 8 p p m t i d a k d a p a t d i g u n a k a n

l a n g s u n g s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k u p r o s e s s u a t u p a b r i k t e r u t a m a p a b r i k a m o n i a k y a n g

t e r d a p a t P T P u p u k S r i w i d j a j a P a l e m b a n g .

P a d a g r a f i k 4 . 1 m e m b r a n k e r a m i k A d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t ,

5 % Z e o l i t , 2 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) d a l a m w a k t u 1 0 s /d 6 0 m e n i t ,

m e n u n j u k a n p e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H2S s i s a k e l u a r a n a d s o r b e r d a r i 6 , 8 7 5 1 s /d

2 , 1 7 1 0 p p m . P e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H2S s e k i t a r 7 5 % d a r i k a n d u n g a n H2S s e b e l u m

m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

P a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k B d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 0 % z e o l i t ,

2 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) d a l a m w a k t u 1 0 s /d 6 0 m e n i t , d e n g a n p e n u r u n a n

k a n d u n g a n H2S s i s a k e l u a r a n a d s o r b e r d a r i 7 , 5 9 8 7 s /d 1 , 8 0 9 2 p p m . M e m b r a n

k e r a m i k B d a p a t m e n g a d s o r b s i H2S s e b a n y a k 7 9 , 1 6 % d a r i k a n d u n g a n H2S

s e b e l u m m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

34

P a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k C d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 1 5 % Z e o l i t ,

1 5 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) d a l a m w a k t u 1 0 s /d 6 0 m e n i t , d a p a t m e n u r u n k a n

k a n d u n g a n H z S y a n g k e l u a r d a r i a d s o r b e r d a r i 8 , 3 2 2 4 s /d 1 , 4 7 7 5 p p m . M e m b r a n

k e r a m i k C d a p a t m e n y e r a p k a n d u n g a n H z S s e b e s a r 8 2 , 9 8 % d a r i k a n d u n g a n H z S

s e b e l u m m e n g g i m a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

P a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k D d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 0 % z e o l i t ,

1 0 % Z n O , 1 0 % s e m e n p u t i h ) d a l a m w a k t u 1 0 s /d 6 0 m e n i t , d e n g a n h a s i l

p e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H z S s i s a k e l u a r a n a d s o r b e r d a r i 7 , 9 6 0 6 s /d 1 , 0 8 5 5 p p m .

S e h i n g g a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k D d a p a t m e n g h a s i l k a n H z S s i s a y a n g l e b i h r e n d a h

y a i t u m e n g a d s o r b s i H z S s e b a n y a k 8 7 , 5 0 % d a r i k a n d u n g a n H z S s e b e l u m


P e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H z S y a n g p a l i n g r e n d a h t e r d a p a t p a d a m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k E d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i ( 6 0 % t a n a h l i a t , 2 5 % Z e o l i t , 5 % Z n O d a n 1 0 %

s e m e n p u t i h ) d a l a m w a k t u 1 0 s /d 6 0 m e n i t , d e n g a n p e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n H z S

s i s a d a r i 7 , 5 9 8 7 s /d 0 , 3 6 1 8 p p m . S e h i n g g a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k E m a m p u

m e n g a d s o r b s i s e b e s a r 9 5 , 8 3 % d a r i k a n d u n g a n H z S s e b e l u m m e n g g u n a k a n

a d s o r b e n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

Zeolit 2.5

0 I 0% 5% 10% 15% 2 0% 2 5% 30%

komposisi Zeolit terhadap ZnO

Grafik 4 . 2 P e n g a r u h k o m p o s i s i Z e o H t p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k t e r h a d a p h a s i l a n a l i s a H z S ( p p m ) s i s a a d s o r b s i

35

P a d a g r a f i k 4 . 2 m e n u n j u k a n k o m p o s i s i t e r b a i k y a i t u 2 5 % z e o l i t d a n 5 %

Z n O , m a m p u m e n u r u n k a n k a n d u n g a n H z S p a d a g a s a l a m m e n j a d i 0 , 3 6 1 8 p p m .

M e n u r u t p e n e l i t i a n A n g g r e i n i F a j a r P L . d k k ( 2 0 1 2 ) , Z e o H t a l a m m a m p u d i g u n a k a n

s e b a g a i a d s o r b e n d a l a m m e t o d e a d s o r p s i u n t u k p e m u m i a n b i o g a s d a r i k a n d u n g a n

g a s C O z d a n H z S . H a l i n i d i i n d i k a s i k a n d e n g a n t u r u n n y a k a d a r C O z d a n H z S s e r t a

n a i k n y a k a d a r C H 4 p a d a b i o g a s s e t e l a h p r o s e s a d s o r p s i m e n g g u n a k a n z e o l i t a l a m .

P e r s e n r e m o v a l H z S m a k s i m a l y a n g m a m p u d i c a p a i p a d a p r o s e s a d s o r p s i

p e m u m i a n b i o g a s m e n g g u n a k a n z e o l i t a l a m i n i a d a l a h s e b e s a r 6 4 , 9 9 7 % , y a i t u

p a d a z e o l i t a l a m u k u r a n 1 2 m e s h . T e r b u k t i p a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e n y e r a p a n H z S

m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i z e o l i t d a n Z n O m a m p u

m e n u r u n k a n s e b e s a r 9 5 , 8 3 % k a n d u n g a n H z S p a d a g a s a l a m s e b e l u m


D a r i k e s e l u r u h a n g r a f i k d i a t a s m e n u n j u k a n b a h w a w a k t u d a n k o m p o s i s i

s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p a d s o r b s i H z S p a d a g a s a l a m . D a r i g r a f i k d i a t a s j u g a

d i p e r l i h a t k a n b a h w a s e m a k i n l a m a w a k t u k o n t a k g a s d e n g a n a d s o r b e n m e m b r a n

k e r a m i k m a k a k a n d u n g a n H z S p a d a g a s a l a m y a n g k e l u a r d a r i a d s o r b e r a k a n

s e m a k i n b e r k u r a n g . S e l a i n i t u j u g a , d a y a a d s o r b s i s u l f u r s a n g a t d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h

k u a l i t a s m e m b r a n k e r a m i k y a i t u d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i k o m p o s i s i k a n d u n g a n m e d i a

f i l t e m y a .

D e n g a n h a s i l y a n g t e l a h d i d a p a t k a n m a k a d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b a h w a a d s o r b e r

d e n g a n i s i a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s e b a g a i m e d i a a d s o r b e n d a p a t m e n y e r a p s u l f u r

d a l a m b e n t u k s e n y a w a H z S d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i b e r u p a t a n a h H a t , z e o l i t , Z n O , d a n

s e m e n p u t i h .

M e m b r a n k e r a m i k d a p a t m e n j a d i a l t e m a t i f u n t u k d i g u n a k a n p a d a s u a t u

p e r u s a h a a n s e b a g a i m e d i a p e n y e r a p s u l f u r u n t u k m e n g u r a n g i k a d a r H z S y a n g

t e r d a p a t p a d a g a s a l a m , s e p e r t i y a n g t e l a h d i k e t a h u i b a h w a H z S m e r u p a k a n z a t

p e n g o t o r y a n g s a n g a t t i d a k d i i n g i n k a n p a d a g a s a l a m . D e n g a n k o m p o s i s i m e d i a

f i l t e r s e b a n y a k 2 5 % Z e o H t d a n 5 % Z n O p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k d a p a t m e n y e r a p

H z S s e b a n y a k 9 5 , 8 3 % .

BAB V

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1. Kesimpulan

1 . K o m p o s i s i z a t a d d i t i f b e r u p a z e o l i t d a n Z n O p a d a m e m b r a n k e r a m i k s a n g a t

b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p a d s o r b s i H z S p a d a g a s a l a m d e n g a n p e n u r u n a n H z S

h i n g g a 0 , 3 6 1 8 p p m .

2 . M e m b r a n y a n g p a l i n g e f e k t i f d a l a m p e n y e r a p a n H z S a d a l a h m e m b r a n k e r a m i k

E d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i 2 5 % z e o l i t d a n 5 % Z n O d e n g a n w a k t u 6 0 m e n i t m a m p u

m e n u r u n k a n H z S d a r i 8 , 6 8 4 8 p p m h i n g g a 0 , 3 6 1 8 p p m . P e n u r u n a n t e r s e b u t

s e b e s a r 9 5 , 8 3 % d a r i n i l a i p p m s e b e l u m m e n g g u n a k a n m e m b r a n .

5.2. Saran

1 . S e b a i k n y a m e n g g u n a k a n p e n g u k u r a n t e k a n a n p a d a s a a t p e n g a m b i l a n s a m p e l

s e b a g a i v a r i a b e l t a m b a h a n .

2 . U n t u k p e n i l i t i a n s e l a n j u t n y a s e b a i k n y a d i t e l i t i p e n g a r u h Z n O t e r h a d a p

k e k u a t a n m e m b r a n k e r a m i k .

36

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A d a m s o n , A . W . . 1 9 9 0 . Physical Chemistry of Surface. C a l i f o r n i a : J o h n W i l e y & S o n s , I n c .

A n g g r e i n i F a j a r P L , W i r a k a r t i k a M , S . R . J u l i a s t u t i , d a n N u n i e k H e n d r i a n i e . P e n u r u n a n K a d a r C O 2 d a n H2S p a d a B i o g a s d e n g a n Metode A d s o r b s i Menggunakan Zeolit A l a m . S u r a b a y a ; I n s t i t u t T e k n o l o g i S e p u l u h N o p e m b e r ( I T S ) .

A k b a r y , F a u z a n . 2 0 0 9 . M e m b r a n Z e o l i t Katalitik untuk Pembentukan S y n g a s . B a n d u n g : I n s t i t u t T e k n o l o g i B a n d u n g .

A n o n i m . h t t p : / / i d . s c r i b d . c o m / d o c / 7 4 0 4 9 1 4 5 / S e n g - O k s i d a d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 2 2 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 .

A n o n i m . h t t p : / / i d . w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i / T i t r a s i d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 2 3 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 .

G u s t i a n , I . d a n S u h a r t o , I . E . 2 0 0 5 . S t u d i Penurunan Salinitas A i r dengan M e n g g u n a k a n Z e o l i t A l a m y a n g B e r a s a l d a r i B e n g k u l u . J . G r a d i e n , 1 ( 1 ) : 3 8 - 4 2 .

H a n d a y a n i , L a i l i d a n S e t i o n , E k o . 2 0 1 1 . P e n g a r u h M e m b r a n K e r a m i k d e n g a n Aditif Zeolit, S i l i k a , d a n K a r b o n Aktif T e r h a d a p G a s B u a n g K e n d a r a a n Bermotor. P a l e m b a n g : U n i v e r s i t a s S r i w i j a y a .

I s m a r y a t a . 1 9 9 9 . The Study of A c i d i c Washing Temperature a n d C a l c i n a t i o n Effects on Modification P r o c e s s of N a t u r a l Z e o i l i t e a s a n A n i o n Exchanger. S e m a r a n g : U n i v e r s i t a s D i p o n e g o r o .

J e t y s s a , A . H . d a n M a y g a s a r i , D . A . 2 0 1 0 . Optimasi P r o s e s A k t i v a s i K a t a l i s Z e o l i t A l a m d e n g a n Uji P r o s e s D e h i d r a s i E t a n o l . S e m a r a n g : U n i v e r s i t a s D i p o n e g o r o , .

K a s m a d i , I . S . . 2 0 0 2 . K a j i a n Sifat A d s o r b s i Z e o l i t t e r h a d a p Zat Warna S i n t e s i s dan Optimasinya. S e m a r a n g : U N N E S .

K h a i r i n a l d a n T r i s u n a r y a t i . W . 2 0 0 0 . D e a l u m i n a s i Z e o l i t A l a m Wonosari d e n g a n P e r l a k u a n A s a m d a n P r o s e s H i d r o t e r m a l . P r e s i d i n g S e m i n a r N a s i o n a l K i m i a V I I I . Y o g y a k a r t a .

L a s , T h a m z i l . 2 0 0 4 . P o t e n s i Z e o l i t untuk M e n g o l a h L i m b a h Industri d a n Radioaktif dsdam h t t p : / w w w . b a t a n . g o . i d / p 2 p i p / a r t i k e l / z e o l i t . h t m l d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 2 3 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 .

M a r t i n , C a s t e l n o v o d a n J e a n - F r a n c o i s J o a n n y . 2 0 0 0 . formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. L a n g m u i r . l 6 . 7 5 2 4 - 7 5 3 2 .

M u l d e r , M . 1 9 9 6 . B a s i c P r i n c i p l e of M e m b r a n e T e c h n o l o g y s e c o n d E d i / o i n . N e t h e r l a n d s : K l u w e r A c a d e m i c P u b l i s h e r .

R i n i , D i a n K u s u m a d a n L i n g g a . 2 0 1 0 . Optimasi A k t i v a s i Z e o l i t A l a m untuk Dehumidifikasi. S e m a r a n g : U n i v e r s i t a s D i p o n e g o r o .

S u t a r t i , M u s r i . 1 9 9 4 . Zeolit. J a k a r t a : P u s a t D o k u m e n t a s i d a n I n f o r m a s i I l m i a h . T a m p u b o l o n , J e f r i . 2 0 0 9 . P e n e n t u a n % Volume K o m p o s i s i G a s A l a m d e n g a n

M e n g g u n a k a n M e t o d e Kromatografi G a s ( G C ) . M e d a n : U n i v e r s i t a s S u m a t e r a U t a r a .

U n d e r w o o d , A . L . 1 9 9 0 . A n a l i s a K i m i a Kuantitatif E d i s i K e 4 . J a k a r t a : E r l a n g g a . W e n i M a n d a s a r i , B e r l i a n S i t o r u s d a n D i a n R a h a y u J a t i . Pembuatan dan

K a r a k t e r i s a s i A d s o r b e n G a s H2S d a r i Z e o l i t A l a m . P o n t i a n a k : U n i v e r s i t a s T a n j u n g p u r a .

37

http://id.scribd.com/doc/74049145/Seng-Oksida

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titrasi

http://www.batan.go.id/p2pip/artikel/zeolit.html

P U S P I P U P U K SRIWIDJAJA PALEMBANG

A N A L Y S I S R E P O R T L a p o r a n A n a l i s a

ab No 401 / G F 2 0 2 . P R / 2 0 1 6 l o m o r L a b vpe of sample ren/5 C o n t o h Uji iampling Date "g/ P e n g a m b i l a n C o n t o h tnaivsis Date ^ a n g g a l Uji )escript ion Of Sample fs ) : G a s H 2 S ' > i s k r i p s i C o n t o h Uji knalis : Hasan Ubaidilah

G a s

0 5 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

0 5 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

Page H a l a m a n Quantity J u m l a h J O R S u r a t N o m o r P O S Date T a n g g a l P O S Subject to / U s e r P e m a k a i J a s a

: 2 halaman

: 31 Contoh

: 0 8 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

: Pribadi

No Sampel-Waktu fmin) i i i i i i I I

1 1 T I A

Titrasi fml) 1 i L I A v l I I I I I I

1 1 2 w

1 N o n M e m b r a n 6 . 4 8 , 6 8 4 8 2 M e m b r a n A 1 0 6 9 6 , 8 7 5 1

2 0 7 , 1 6 , 1 5 1 3 3 0 7,4 5 , 0 6 8 5 4 0 7,7 3 . 9 8 0 5 5 0 8,0 2 , 8 9 4 7 6 0 8,2 2 , 1 7 1 0

3 M e m b r a n B 1 0 6,7 7 , 5 9 8 7 2 0 6,8 7 , 2 3 6 9 3 0 7,0 6 , 5 1 3 2 4 0 7,2 5 , 7 8 9 5 5 0 7,7 3 , 9 8 0 3 6 0 8,3 1 , 8 0 9 2

4 M e m b r a n C 1 0 6,5 8 , 3 2 2 4 2 0 6,7 7 , 5 9 8 7 3 0 7,0 6 . 5 1 3 2 4 0 7 , 4 5 . 0 6 5 8 5 0 7,9 3 , 2 5 6 6 6 0 8 , 4 1 , 4 7 7 5

5 M e m b r a n D 1 0 6,6 7 , 9 6 0 6 2 0 6,8 7 , 2 3 6 9 3 0 7,1 6 . 1 5 1 3 4 0 7,6 4 . 3 4 2 1 5 0 8,0 2 , 8 9 4 7 6 0 8,5 1 , 0 8 5 5

This repor t must not he reproduced except in fu

P U S R I m m PUPUK SRIWIDJAJA M ) PALEMBANG

6 M e m b r a n E 1 0 6 , 7 7 , 5 9 8 7 2 0 ^ 7 . 3 5 . 4 2 7 6 3 0 7 , 8 3 , 6 1 8 4 4 0 8 , 1 2 . 5 3 2 9 5 0 8 . 6 0 . 7 2 3 6

8 , 7 0 , 3 6 1 8

Signed b y : Hasan Ubaidilah A n a l i s S e n i o r

This report must not he reproduced except in full

LAMPIRAN I

PERHITUNGAN NORMALITAS SODIUM TIOSULFAT

1 . Pembuatan larutan sodium tiosulfat (Na2S203)

Lakukuan pengenceran sodium tiosulfat 0 , 1 N dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 0

sehingga menghasilkan sodium tiosulfat 0 . 0 1 N.

2 . Menghitung Normalitas Sodium tiosulfat moK-Cr-0-

Keterangan:

mg K2Cr207 = massa K2Cr207 yang ditimbang, mg

Vp = volume titrasi NazSzOa, ml

Fp = faktor pengenceran

Bst KzCrzOz = berat setara KzCrzOz

Diketahui:

Vp titrasi pertama NazSz03 = 8 , 5 6 ml

Vp titrasi kedua NazSzOs = 8 , 4 ml

Vp titrasi Na2S203 rata-rata = ( 8 , 5 6 ml + 8 , 4 ml) / 2 = 8 , 4 8 ml

mg KzCrzOz = 4 9 mg

Fp = 1 0

Bst KzCr207 = 4 9 , l mg m^KzCr-Oy

N N a 2 S 2 0 3 = Pp xFp x^stKzCrzO?

4 9 mg ~ 8 , 4 8 ml X 1 0 X 4 9 , 1 mg

- 0 , 0 1 1 7 6 N

38

LAMPIRAN I I

PERHITUNGAN KANDUNGAN HIDROGEN SULFIDA

( B - S ) x N x 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 x ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , p p m = X 1 0 0 0

K e t e r a n g a n :

B = V o l u m e b l a n k o , m l

S = V o l u m e s a m p e l , m i

N = N o r m a l i t a s s o d i u m t i o s u l f a t

2 7 3 = T e m p e r a t u r , k e l v i n

T = T e m p e r a t u r s u h u k a m a r , k e l v i n

2 2 , 4 = V o l 1 m o l g a s p a d a S T P , l i t e r

1/2 - P e r b a n d i n g a n m o l s o d i u m t i o s u l f a t d e n g a n m o l i o d i n

V = V o l u m e g a s , l i t e r

1. Perhitungan Kandungan HzS pada Gas Alam tanpa

Membran Keramik

D i k e t a h u i :

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6 , 4 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N X 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 X ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , p p m = x l O O O

( 8 , 8 - 6 . 4 ) X 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 X 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 X ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 )

4 0 0 . 3 4 7 3 9 2

= X 1 0 0 0 4 0

3 4 7 , 3 9 2

4 0

= 8 , 6 8 4 8

Menggunakan

X l O O C

3 9

40

2. Perhitungan Kandungan H z S dengan Menggunakan Membran Keramik A

a. Membran A dengan waktu 10 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6,9 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 " C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X Nx 1/2 X 22,4x C t /2 73) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8,8 -6.9) X 0.01176 x 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = '• X 1000

40

0.275003

40 275.003

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 6 , 8 7 5 1

b. Membran A dengan waktu 20 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 7 , 1 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 X ( t /273) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8.8-7,1) X 0,01176 X 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = X 1000

40 0.246055

40 _ 246,055

40

= 6 , 1 5 1 3

X 1 0 0 0

42

e. Membran A dengan waktu 50 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 8 , 0 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ° C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22.4. x (t/273) H z S , ppm = X lOOC

(8,8-8.0) X 0,01176x 1/2 X 22,4 x (300/273) = XIOOC

40 0,115790

40 115.790

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 2 , 8 9 4 7

f. Membran A dengan waktu 60 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 8 , 0 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 T + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22.4 x (t/273) H z S , ppm = X lOOC

(8,8-8,2) X 0,0 1176 X 1/2 X 22,4 x (300/273) = X lOOC

40 0,086843

40 86.843

40

= 2 . 1 7 1 0

X 1 0 0 0

43

3. Perhitungan Kandungan HzS dengan Menggunakan Membran Keramik B

a. Membran B dengan waktu 10 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 6 , 7 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S)x Nx 1/2 X 22,4.x (t/273) HzS, ppm = X 1000

(8,8-6,7) X 0,01176 x 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = X lOOO

40 0.303950

= X 1 0 0 0 40

_ 303,95 40

= 7 , 5 9 8 7

b. Membran B dengan waktu 20 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 6 , 8 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ' ' C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , ppm = X 1000

(8,8-6,8) X 0,01176 X 1/2 x 22,4 X (300/273) = XlOOO

40 0.289476

40

289.476

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 7 , 2 3 6 9

44

c. Membran B dengan waktu 30 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 7 , 0 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , p p m = - XlOOO

(8.8-7,0) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 x (300/273) = X 1000

40 0.260529

= X 1 0 0 0 40

260.529

40

= 6 , 5 1 3 2

d. Membran B dengan waktu 40 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 7 , 2 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 * * C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N X 1/2 X 22.4X (t/273) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8,8-7,2) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 X (300/273) = X l O O O

40 0.231581

= X 1 0 0 0 40

_ 231,581 40

= 5 , 7 8 9 5

45

e. Membran B dengan waktu 50 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 7 . 7 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ' ' C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) x N x 1/2 X 22,4.x (t/273) H z S , p p m = ~ X 1000

(8,8-7,7) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 X (300/273) = XlOOO

40 0,159212

= X 1 0 0 0 40

159,212 40

= 3 , 9 8 0 3

f. Membran B dengan waktu 60 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 8 ,3 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , p p m = X l O O O

(8.8-8,3) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 x (300/273) = — x l O O C

40 0.072369

40 72.369

40

= 1 . 8 0 9 2

X 1 0 0 0

46

4. Perhitungan Kandungan H z S dengan Menggunakan Membran Keramik C

a. Membran C dengan waktu 10 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6 , 5 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 X (t/273) H z S , p p m = — X 1000

(8,8-6,5) X 0.01176X 1/2 x 22.4 x (300/273) = xlOOC

40 0.332898

= X 1 0 0 0 40

332.898 40

= 8 , 3 2 2 4

b. Membran C dengan waktu 20 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6 , 7 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4X (t/273) H z S , p p m = ~ X l O O C

(8.8-6,7) X 0.01176 X 1/2 X 22.4 x (300/273) = XlOOC

40 0.30395O

= X 1 0 0 0 40

303,95 40

= 7 , 5 9 8 7

47

c. Membran C dengan waktu 30 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 7 , 0 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ""C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 X (t/273) H z S , ppm = ~ X l O O C

(8,8-7.0) X 0,01176 X 1/2 x 22.4 x (300/273) = ^ X l O O C

40 0,260529

40

260.529

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 6 , 5 1 3 2

d. Membran C dengan waktu 40 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 7 , 4 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 " C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4x (t/273) H z S , ppm = X 1000

(8,8-7.4) X 0,01176x 1/2 x 22,4 X (300/273) = - X l O O C

40 0,202633

40

202.633 40

= 5 , 0 6 5 8

X 1 0 0 0

4 8

e. Membran C dengan waktu 50 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 7 , 9 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , ppm = :^ X 1000

(8,8-7.9) X 0,01176 X 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = X l O O O

40 0.130264

40

130,264

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 3 , 2 5 6 6

f. Membran C dengan waktu 60 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 8 , 4 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 V + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4X (t/273) H z S , ppm = XlOOC

(8,8-8,4) X 0.01176 X 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = XlOOC

40 0.057895

40 _ 57,895

40

= 1 , 4 4 7 5

X 1 0 0 0

4 9

5. Perhitungan Kandungan HzS dengan Menggunakan Membran Keramik D

a. Membran D dengan waktu 10 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6 , 6 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 " C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , p p m = ~ X 1000

(8,8-6,6) X 0,01176 x 1/2 x 22,4 x (300/273) = X l O O C

40 0.318424

40

318,424

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 7 , 9 6 0 6

b. Membran D dengan waktu 20 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 6 , 8 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4 x (t/273) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8,8-6,8) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 X (300/273) = X l O O C

40 0.289476

40 289.476

40

= 7 , 2 3 6 9

X 1 0 0 0

50

c. Membran D dengan waktu 30 menit

B = 8,8 ml

S = 7 , 1 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 '^C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 22,4. x (t/273) H z S , ppm = X 1000

(8,8-7,1) X 0,01176 X 1/2 X 22,4 X (300/273) = X l O O C

4 0

0,246055 40

246,055

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 6 , 1 5 1 3

d. Membran D dengan waktu 40 menit

B = 8,8 ml

S = 7 , 6 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ""C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) x N x 1/2 X 22,4 X (t/273) H z S , ppm = X 1000

(8,8-7,6) X 0,01176x1/2 X 22,4 X (300/273) = X l O O C

40 0.173686

40 173,686

40

= 4 , 3 4 2 1

X 1 0 0 0

51

e. Membran D dengan waktu 50 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 8 , 0 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = a C C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 x ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , ppm = ~ X 1000

(8,8-8,0) X 0 .01176 X 1 /2 X 22.4 x ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 )

40

0,115790

X l O O C

40

115,79

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 2 , 8 9 4 7

f. Membran D dengan waktu 60 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 8 ,5 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ^'C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S) X N X 1/2 X 2 2 , 4 x ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , ppm = X 1000

(8,8-8,5) X 0 .01176X 1 /2 x 22,4 X ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 ) = X l O O C

40

0.043421 4 0

43 ,421

40

= 1 , 0 8 5 5

X 1 0 0 0

52

6. Perhitungan Kandungan H z S dengan Menggunakan Membran Keramik E

a. Membran E dengan waktu 10 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 6 , 7 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ' ' C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

( B - S ) x Nx 1 / 2 X 22,4 X ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , ppm = X 1 0 0 0

( 8 , 8 - 6 . 7 ) X 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 X 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 X ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 )

4 0

0 , 3 0 3 9 5 0

X 1 0 0 0

40

3 0 3 , 9 5

X 1 0 0 0

4 0

= 7 . 5 9 8 7

b. Membran E dengan waktu 20 menit

B = 8 , 8 ml

S = 7 ,3 ml

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 ""C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 liter

C B - S ) X N X 1 / 2 X 2 2 . 4 X ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , ppm = X 1 0 0 0

( 8 . 8 - 7 . 3 ) X 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 x 1 / 2 X 2 2 . 4 X ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 ) = X l O O C

4 0

0 . 2 1 7 1 0 7 4 0

217,107 4 0

= 5 . 4 2 7 6

X 1 0 0 0

53

c. Membran E dengan waktu 30 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 7 . 8 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S)x Nx 1/2 x22,4x ( t / 273) H z S , p p m = X l O O O

( 8 , 8 - 7 , 8 ) X 0 ,01176 X 1 / 2 X 22 .4 X ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 ) = X l O O C

40 0444738

40

144,738

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 3 , 6 1 8 4

d. Membran E dengan waktu 40 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 8 , 1 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

(B-S)x N X 1 / 2 X 2 2 , 4 X ( t / 2 7 3 ) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8,8-8,1) X 0 ,01176 X 1 / 2 X 22,4 x ( 3 0 0 / 2 7 3 ) = — X l O O C

40 0 4 0 1 3 1 6

40

1 0 1 , 3 1 6

40

= 2 , 5 3 2 9

X 1 0 0 0

54

e. Membran £ dengan waktu 50 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 8 , 6 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 "C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) X N x 1/2 X 22,4X ft/273) H z S , p p m = X lOOC

(8,8-8,6) X 0,01176x1/2 X 22.4 x (300/273) = X l O O C

40 0.028947

40 28,947

X 1 0 0 0

40

= 0 , 7 2 3 6

f. Membran E dengan waktu 60 menit

B = 8 , 8 m l

S = 8 , 7 m l

N = 0 , 0 1 1 7 6

t = 3 0 °C + 2 7 3 = 3 0 0 K

V = 4 0 l i t e r

( B - S ) x N x 1/2 X 22.4 X (t/273) H z S , p p m = X 1000

(8,8-8.7) X 0,01176x1/2 x 22,4 X (300/273) = X l O O C

40 0.014473

40 14,473

40

= 0 . 3 6 1 8

X 1 0 0 0

LAMPIRAN I I I

DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN

1. Bahan dan Proses Pembuatan Membran Keramik

Gambar 1.1 B a h a n Z e o l i t Gambar 1.2 B a h a n Z n O

Gambar 13 B a h a n Z e o l i t d i h a l u s k a n

55

5 6

Gambar 1.4 B a h a n Z e o l i t y a n g t e l a h d i h a l u s k a n d a n d i s a r i n g

Gambar 1,6 P e n j e m u r a n Gambar 1.7 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k D i b a k a r

Gambar 23 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k C Gambar 2.4 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k D

Gambar 2.5 M e m b r a n K e r a m i k E

3. Rangkaian Aiat dan Pengambilan Sampel Gas

Gambar 3.1 R a n g k a i a n A l a t d a n P e n g a m b i l a n S a m p e l G a s

Gambar 4,3 F u r n a c e

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG F A K U L T A S T E K N I K

JURUSAN T E K N I K K I M U

N a m a

NIM

Judul

/

>osen P e m b i m b i n g

P m ^ a r v i h fomfoffsi 7<30Ut dtatl 2j%Q pada rv\itv\hmyi kerhnAjirC -.4trl(ddAfdy'9dtsi

\)r. ' c A k m c d A^7

No

3

Pokok Babasan

fetb I

1

CaUtan/Komenta r

T K

/ V > T 3 ^

Tanggal Bimbingan

ib/g I t

Paraf Pembimbing I Pembimbing 11

A a

•xk

1 /

> 4

Pokok Bahasan

Arc iaponm (pev^tiidan

Catatan/Komentar

Documents

Oleh: M. Rifki Agus Saputra 122012008 Dibuat Untuk ...repository.um-palembang.ac.id/id/eprint/1372/1/SKRIPSI1172-1712075303.pdfLAPORAN PENELITIAN PENGARUH KOMPOSISI ZEOUT DAN ZDO PADA