CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Office Systems and Technology

Chapter 1: Terminology and Basic Concepts of Information Processing

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Information Processing

Processed data that is timely, meaningful, and useful

Requires computer hardware, software, and communication channels/networks

Six-step process includes: data origination, input, processing, storage, output, and distribution

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

The Information Processing Cycle

2Data Input

1Data Origination

4Storage

6Distribution

3Processing

5Data Input

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

The Information Processing Cycle1. Raw data are

organized for processing during the data origination phase

2. Data input can be entered in a batch or online

3. Information is data that has been processed into a usable format

1. Data can be stored for future use using a secondary device

2. Data output communicates the processed information to others

3. Information (reports) can be distributed to users in hard or soft copy formats

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Information Processing Operations Basic operations include recording,

duplicating, verifying, classifying, sorting, merging, calculating, storing and retrieving, summarizing, and report writing

Advantages of using a computer relate to speed, accuracy, consistency, and reliability

Operation modes are designed to facilitate specific business needs

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

System Types

System TypeOrganizatio

nalLevel

Transaction processing systems (TPS) Operational

Knowledge work systems (KWS) Knowledge

Office systems (OS) Office

Management information systems (MIS) and Decision support systems (DSS)

Management

Executive support systems (ESS) Strategic

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

System Architecture

Clarify the needs of the user for the information system analyst

Be sure computer-based information system is integrated within the organization

Information architecture should include all functional areas and business processes (internally and externally)

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Information Technology Infrastructure Computer hardware Software Storage Data management Networks

Includes all of the technical

resources shared within

the organization

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Early Computers

Charles Babbage, “Father of Computers” (1833)

Mark I, Antanasoff-Berry Computer, ENIAC, EDVAC (1940s)

The first business computer, the UNIVAC (1951–1958)

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

A New Generation of Computers Joint effort between business and science

(1959–1964) Logic element used transistors Internal and secondary storage Operating system and high level languages

First integrated circuit (1958) First minicomputer (1965)

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Another Computing Era

Computers become more affordable (1965-1970) Integrated circuit allowed primary memory to store

more information Internal and external storage material improves Advancements in operating systems and high-

level languages

Ted Hoff of Intel, Corp. introduced the microprocessor (1971)

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Microcomputer Evolution

MITS Altair, the first microcomputer (1975) Intel 8080 with 256 bytes of RAM Kit available for $500 or assembled for $2500

(does not include keyboard or monitor) Apple computers are introduced (1976)

Apple II became popular followed by the Apple Macintosh

IBM PC, clones, and MS-DOS are introduced (1981) More than 830,000 machines sold in one year

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

ARPANET to WWW

ARPANET began as a government project 20 sites in 1971 200 sites in 1981 Evolved into the Internet in 1990

The World Wide Web (WWW) Internet language and Internet addresses created

by team lead by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 By 1993, the Internet grew over 350,000 percent

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CPS ® and CAP ®Examination ReviewOFFICE SYTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Fifth EditionBy Schroeder and Graf

©2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Pearson Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Computing in the 21st Century VLSICs allow computers to be smaller, faster,

more reliable, and less expensive Internal storage is mainly semiconductor Secondary storage utilizes magnetic disks,

optical discs, and portable USB flash drives to store data in a small physical space

Systems software is expanded Internet and WWW have moved business

and society into a cyber e-world