OF THE I, PROPOSED RIVERVIEW FARM

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II A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY l -1

OF THE I l

PROPOSED RIVERVIEW FARM PARK PROPERlYr CIlY OF NEWPORT NEWS VIRGINIA

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City of Newport News l Office of the Purchasing Agent 2400 Washington Ave

Newport News Virginia 23607

Submitted by

The William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research The College of William and Mary

Williamsburg Virginia 23185

Project Directors Dennis B Blanton

Donald W Linebaugh

Authors Thomas F Higgins III Charles M Downing

Leslie McFaden Scott M Hudlow

December 10 1992

MANAGEMENTSUM~Y

During ~arch 1992 a Phase I cultural resource survey was conducted by the William and Mary Center for ArchaeologIcal Research (WMCAR) of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property in the City of Newport News Virginia Included in this study was an investigation of a parcel located adjacent to the Newport News City landfill north of the Riverview Farm property This investigation had two goals to provide specific information concerning the nature and distribution of archaeological and architectural resources located on the properties and to formulate management recommendations for these resources which could serve as the basis for a preservation and development plan

A combined total of 433 shovel tests was dug in five different areas (Areas A-E) designated within the project area Areas A B C and D corresponded with the Riverview Farm property while Area E encompassed the parcel located adjacent to the landfill north of this latter area Within Areas A B C and E shovel tests were systematically placed at intervals of 75 ft (2261 m) or less Soils from the shovel test holes were carefully trowel-sorted and passed through l4-inch screen for artifact recovery Area D characterized by plowed fields was subjected to systematic surface collection This latter area accounted for approximately two thirds of the total project area

A total of nine sites and six archaeological locations were identified within the project area including Sites 44NN278 44NN280 and Locations A-I and A-2 in Area A Site 44NN281 in Area B Sites 44NN282 and 44NN283 in Area C Sites 44NN69 44NN68 44NN284 and Locations D-4 D-5 D-6 and D-7 in Area D and Site 44NN51 in Area E The sites represent historic and prehistoric archaeological resources while the locations represent areas which potentially contain archaeological remains dating to these periods The types of resources identified in the project area and the management recommendations for these resources are summarized below

SIte 44NN69 is a seventeenth- to nineteenth-century domestic site located along the western boundary of the property and immediately adjacent to the Denbigh Plantation housing development The site identified in 1981 by the Virginia Research Center for Archaeology (VRCA) is represented by a surface scatter of domestic and architectural artifacts The artifact surface collection made during this initial survey and subsequent collections made more recently by local collectors include English clay tobacco pipe stems bottle glass and ceramic fragments The ceramic types recovered consisted of fragments of William Rogers coarse earthenware Staffordshire iron glaze earthenware and an Iberian olive jar The research results indicates that the site measures approximately 650 by 350 ft (1962 by 1056 m) Site 44NN69 is recommended for Phasemiddot II archaeological evaluation due to its seventeenth eighteenth and nineteenth-century occupations its possible association with nearby historic Mathews Manor and Denhigh Plantation sites and the potential for the occurrence of intact subsurface features

Site 44NN278 is the largest of the seven sites identified within the project area measuring approximately 900 ft (2716m) east-west by 650 ft (1962 m) north-south (approximately 8 a) It encompasses most of the southeast quadrant of the project area Shovel test units placed across this area revealed a broad scatter of eighteenth and nineteenth century domestic and architectural artifacts including fragments of handmade brick wrought and cut nails bottle and table glass delftware white salt glazed stoneware coarse earthenware Staffordshire slipware pearlware and whiteware In addition to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century artifact scatter associated with domestic occupation Site 44NN278 contains a nineteenth-century military component The remains of a possible Civil War earthwork are visible in the yard immediately south of the prison dormitory Phase II archaeological evaluation is recommended fof Site 44NN278 in light of its abgte its possible historicll association with late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Warwicktown and the possibility or intact subsurface features

Site 44NN281 is located within a fenced pasture approximately 200 ft north of Site 44NN278 and lies immediately adjacent to a complex of farm buildings Sandy loam deposits within this area contained a scatter of eighteenth and nineteenth century domestic and architectural artifacts including fragments of pearlware

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] American grey stoneware bottle glass wrought and cut nails and nail fragments and pieces of handmade brick Also included in the assemblage was a light concentration of prehistoric material consisting of fragments of quartzite debitage The artifacts were recovered from an area measuring approximately 600 ft east-west by 250 ft north-south The artifact distribution indicates that the western boundary of the site extends just to the west of City Farm Road Site 44NN281 is recommended for Phase II archaeological evaluation due to its eighteenth and nineteenth-century occupation its possible historical association with eighteenthcentury Warwicktown and the possibility of intact subsurface features

II Site 44NN282 appears to be the site of a small prehistoric resource procurement camp It is centrally located on a small terrace on the western half of the project area and lies immediately east of Flax Mill Creek and the Denbigh Plantation housing development This location is characterized by a sparse quantity ofIl i prehistoric artifacts consisting of fragments of quartzite debitage The low density of artifacts suggests that these materials may be isolated remains or possibly lithic debris associated with a small prehistoric briefly occupied procurement camp In view of the sparse quantity of artifacts recovered from this location and the

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probable nature of their disposition as either isolated remains or debris a~sociated with a briefly occupied camp no further work is recommended

IJ I Site 44NN283 is a prehistoric site located in a cultivated field approximately 200 ft southeast of SiteI]

44NN282 and Flax Mill Creek It consists of a low density widely scattered assemblage of quartzite debitage Site 44NN283 may be an extension of Site 44NN282 with the main locus of the combined site being at Site 44NN282 which is nearer Flax Mill Creek Due to the lack of diagnostic artifacts the sparsely distributed ~ nature of the recovered debitage at Site 44NN283 and the probable nature of debris disposition as shallow plowzone deposits no further work is recommended

II Site 44NN284 is a prehistoric procurement camp site dating to the Woodland Period It is located in a cultivated field approximately 1300 ft northeast of Site 44NN69 and is situated approximately 500 ft southwest of the intersection of Youngs Road and Menchville Road Site 44NN284 is characterized by a light scatter of prehistoric artifacts over an area measuring approximately 160 ft (483 m) in diameter The artifact assemblage 11 recovered from the site consists of three fragments of quartz debitage two biface fragments and one sand tempered ceramic fragment The research results indicates that the site most likely served as a Woodland Period procurement camp where activities sucll as tool manufacture and tool retouching took place The low density 11

of material suggests that the site may have been briefly occupied In view of its low artifact density and plowed condition Site 44NN284 is judged not potentially significant under Criterion D for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places and further archaeological work is not recommended III

II Site 44NN280 is a small nineteenth- to early twentieth-century domestic site located immediately

northwest of Site 44NN278 This site is characterized by a concentration of nineteenth and early twentiethshycentury domestic and architectural debris including fragments of pearlware and whiteware ceramic handmade brick oyster shell and nail fragments Site 44NN280 is recommended for Phase II archaeological evaluation due to its nineteenth-century occupation and the potential for the occurrence ot intact subsurface features

I I Site 44NN51 was identified in 1980 It is located approximately 1100 ft east of Menchville Road on a

relatively narrow finger terrace that extends into Deep Creek The site extends from the base of the terrace at the creeks edge some 100 m up the landform and is estimated to measure approximately 20 m wide Recovered from the site in 1980 were fragments of bottle glass brick clothing hooks nails fragments of spoons and pieces of an iron pot Additional shovel testing at Site 44NN51 during the investigation of Area E did not identify archaeological resources that could be conclusively associated with a military camp The research results suggest that the low density artifact scatter recovered from the base of the narrow sloping landform most likely represents refuse which was dumped and scattered at this location during the late nineteenth to early twentieth century Consequently Site 44NN51 is not judged significant or potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D and further archteological work is not recommended

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Location A-I is located in the southwest quadrant of the project area approximately 150 ft (453 m) south of the firing range and at the end of a small finger terrace which projects into marsh of the Warwick River Location A-I is characterized by a possible sheil midden visible on the ground surface on the southern bank of the landform The feature measures approximately 12 ft (36 m) in length In view of the features probable recent age and its possible association with recent refuse disposal in this area no further work is recommended

Location A -2 is situated on top of a knoll approximately 350 ft northeast of Location A -1 A large twoshystory brick dwelling is present at this location~ A relatively large quantity of artifacts consisting of modem bottle glass and ceramic fragments was recovered from the yard area around the house This material contained primarily in the dark brown sandy loam topsoil was most likely generated from the occupation of the house andor from fill deposits associated with landscaping activities during this century In view of the recent age of the archaeological resources identified at Location A-2 no further work is recommended

Location D-4is situated in a cultivated field approximately 1900 ft (5734 m) south of Site 44NN284 and approximately 150 feet west of the intersection of City Farm Road and Menchville Road is a light scatter of nineteenth-century artifacts over an area measuring approximately 250 ft by 100 ft (754 by 302 m) The artifact assemblage consisted of fragments of handmade brick whiteware stoneware and bottle glass Because the artifacts recovered at this location are relatively widely dispersed and are of low density they may represent general field scatter No further work is recommended for Location D-4

Location 0-5 is located in a cultivated field approximately 800 ft (2414 m) north of Location 0-4 and 150 ft (453 m) west of Menchville Road A light scatter of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century artifacts was recovered at this location this included a fragment of machine made brick a nail fragment fragments of whiteware and a fragment of bottle glass This material may be indicative of a domestic site at this location during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Like artifacts in Location D-4 the artifacts recovered from Location D-S may represent general field scatter This is suggested by the fact that the artifact duster is Il)w in density and is widely dispersfd In view of the research results no further work is recommended for Location D-5

Location 0-6 lies in a cultivated field immediately adjacent to Site 44NN68 on the southeast and approximately 160 ft (483 m) southeast of Site 44NN69 A light scatter of brick fragments and cinders was recovered from an area measuring 80 ft by 80 ft (241 m by 241 m) only one coarseware ceramic fragment was found in association with the scatter Artifacts recovered from Location 0-6 may represent farm building remains or may simply he field scatter They have low density lack diagnostic elements and are fairly widely dispersed No further work is recommended for Location Dmiddot6

Location 0-7 is situated in a cultivated field some 400 ft (1207 m) south of Location 0-4 It consists of a light scatter of oyster shell measuring approximately 60 ft by 60 ft (181 m by 181 m) No artifacts were found in association with this scatter although a few widely dispersed fragments of lithic debitage were recovered south of this location Location Dmiddot7 consists only of a small low density scatter of shell It may be related to Location D-4 a prehistoric artifacts scatter located north of the area a few fragments of debitage widely scattered south of Location Dmiddot7 may also be associated With Location D-4 No further work is recommended for Location Dmiddot7

In summary the Phase I research identified nine archaeological sites within the project area They consist of three previously identified sites (44NN51 44NN68 and 44NN69) and six previously unidentified sites (Sites 44NN278 44NN280 44NN281 44NN282 44NN283 44NN284) Six locations (Locations A-I A-2 0-4 0-50-6 0-7) were identified within the project area No further work is recommended for Sites 44NN68 44NNS1t

44NN284 or Locations A-I A-2t D4 D-St D-6t and Dm7 Phase II archaeological significance evaluations have been recommended for Sites 44NN69 44NN278 44NN280 and 44NN28I For Sites 44NN69 44NN278 44NN280 nnd 44NN281 it is recommended thnt the Phase 11 work plan include turther historical research

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mapping and systematically placed 25 x 25-ft test units Hand excavation of the test units should be subsequently augmented by a series of macbine-assisted test cuts in areas of high arcbaeological potential

The proposed construction of the Riverview Farm Park includes two complexes that are 50 or more years of age the prison farmstead (including the farmhouse barn smokehouse well and gateposts) and the barracks These complexes are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places either under individual merit or as contributing elements to a hlstoric district however the prison farmstead may have local significance One of tfIe two complexes the farmstead will be subject to adaptive reuse while the other the barracks will be removed Several modern trailers and outbuildings that litter the landscape do not contribute to either complex The barn is a noteworthy structure apparently constructed with prison labor The barn appears to be in excellent condition and should serve the park well No further work is required as neither complex is eligible for nomination to the National Register however additional historical and architectural documentation of the farmstead buildings is suggested to strengthen the eventual interpretation of this complex

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REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors

Graphics and Report Production Editor

Graphics Contributor

Historical Researcher

Architectural Historian

Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor

Thomas F Higgins III Charles M Downing Leslie McFaden Scott M Hudlow

Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

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I Report Contributors bullbullbullbullbullbullbull vi

Ii List of Figures

Ii Management Summary

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Table of Contents vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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I Chapter 1 - Project Background bullbullbullbull 1

I Chapter 2 - Overview of Prehistoric Resources 5

Chapter 3 - Overview of Historic Resources 9

Chapter 4 - Survey Methods and Results bullbull 21

II Chapter 5 - Architectural Summary bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 47

Ii Chapter 6 - Research Summary Recommendations and Preservation Plan bull 57

II References Cited bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 65

Appendix A - Artifact Inventory

Appendix B - Archaeological Site Inventory Form

II Appendix C - Historic DistrictBrief Survey Form

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LIST OF FIGURES

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1 Project area location bull 1

2 Project area and environs (USGS 7S-minute Mulberry Island quadrangle) 2

3 Previously identified cultural resources 6

4 A sketch of the east end of the peninsula whereon is Hampton (WPM ca 1781) 11

5 Sheet No1 Military Reconnaissance Department of Virginia (Cram 1862) bull 12

6 Yorktown to Williamsburg Campaign Map Army of the Potomac No1 April 1862 (Humphreys 1862a) 12

7 USGS 75-minute Yorktown quadrangle showing project area (1907) 13

8 Yorktown to Williamsburg Campaign Map Army of the Potomac No1 September 1862 (Humphreys 1862b) 14

9 Fifty years building on the Warwick (Shenk 1947) 15

10 Aerial photograph of project area (1976) 16

11 Project parcel showing survey areas survey methods and site locations 22

12 Screening of a shovel test 23

13 Plan of Site 44NN278 showing location of shovel tests 25

14 Plan of Locations A-I and A-2 showing location of shovel tests 26

15 Plan of Sites 44NN280 44NN281 and Location A-2 showing location of shovel test 27

16 Profile of ShovelTest A-69 28

17 Profile of Shovel Test A-94 28


19 Profile of Shovel Test B-213 29

20 Civil War earthwork in Area A 30

21 Shell midden at Location A-I 30

22 Profile of Shovel Test A-42 i bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull 31


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24 Profile of Shovel Test B-271 bullbullbull 32

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Profile of Shovel Test B-288 33

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26 Plan of Sites 44NN68 44NN282 44NN283 and Location 0-6 showing location of shovel tests 34

~ I 27 Profile of Shovel Test C-335 351 28 Profile of Shovel Test C-431 bull 35

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- 30 Profile of Shovel Test 0-369 36II 31 Plan of Sites 44NN69 44NN284 and Location 0-5 38

I 32 Profile of Shovel Test D-427 39

33 Profile of Shovel Test 0-429 39

I 34 Profile of Shovel Test 0-433 40

j 35 Plan of Locations 0-4 and 0-7 41

Ii 36 Profile of Shovel Test 0-428 42

37 Profile of Shovel Test 0-432 __ _ 42II 38 Profile of Shovel Test 0-430 42

II 39 Profile of Shovel Test 0-426 43

I 40 Plan of Site 44NN51 showing location of shovel tests 44

I 41 Profile of Shovel Test E-347 45

42 Historic structures identified during survey 47

43 Structure 121-103 main house north elevation 50

I 44 Structure 121-103 gateposts 50

45 Structure 121-103 weU 51

I 46 Structure 121-103 City Farm barn 51

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i 47 Structure 121-104 City Farm prison barracks south and east elevations 53

I 48 Structure 121-104 City Farm prison barracks north and west elevations 53

49 Structure 121-104 City Farm prison the hole 54

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I 50 Project area showing location of potentially significant arcbaeolgical sites- 58 I 51 Project area showing location of historic roads 59

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52 Riverview Fam Park Master Plan map (1990) 61

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CHAPTER 1 Project Background

II III III

Introduction

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II During March 1992 a Phase I cultural

resource survey was conducted by the College of William and Mary Center for Archaeological

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Research (WMCAR) of the proposed Riverview Farm Park Property in the City of Newport News Virginia (Figure 1) This site currently serves as the Newport News City Prison Farm Included in this study was an investigation of a parcel located adjacent to the Newport News City landfill north of the Riverview Farm property This investigation had two goals to provide specific information concerning the nature and distribution of archaeological and architectural resources located on the properties and to formulate management recommendations for these resources These recommendations could then serve as the basis for a preservation and development plan The project goals were to be achieved through a review of the existing archaeological sites an evaluation of the extant documentary and cartographic sources pertaining to the project area and intensive archaeological survey and architectural investigation

Figure 1 Project area location

The investigation was carried out under the general supervision of Project Directors Dennis B Blanton and Donald W Linebaugh Thomas F Higgins III served as Project Archaeologist and was responsible for supervision of the archaeological field effort and for analysis and report preparation Mr Blanton and Mr Linebaugh developed the research strategy for the archaeological and architectural

survey of the project area In addition Mr Linebaugh Director of Administration oversaw the administrative aspects of the project Laboratory processing and artifact analysis were conducted by Deborah Davenport An analysis of the assemblage of lithics from all prehistoric sites components locations was carried out by Anna Gray under the direction of Mr Blanton and Ms Davenport Charles M Downing conducted historical research for the project and wrote the historical portion of the report The architectural history research and report were completed by Scott M Hudlow Final drawings for the report were produced by David W Lewes All field notes drawings and artifacts are temporarily held by WMCAR and will be returned to the City of Newport News upon request

Description of the Pr~iect Area

The project area consists of two properties which were examined during the Phase Tinvestigation (Figure 2) The larger of the two properties currently the site of the Newport News City Prison Farm The smaller property is located several hundred feet east of the prison farm property southeast of the intersection of Youngs Road and Menchville Road This parcel consists of a long wooded finger terrace situated at the confluence of Deep Creek and a branch of the creek on the west This landform is located immediately south of the Newport News City Landfill Both of these properties are proposed for development into a city park facility named Riverview Farm Park

The current prison farm encompasses approximately 280 a of land located on a peninsula bounded on the south and west by the Warwick River and on the east by Deep Creek The tract itself is bounded on the north by Youngs Road on the east by Menchville Road and Deep Creek on the south by the Warwick River and on the west by an intermittent stream valley and the Denbigh Plantation Housing development The northern two thirds of the property approximately 112 a is currently under

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4000 feet0

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I Figure 2 Project area and environs (USGS 75-minute Mulberry Island quadrangle)

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cultivation The southern one-third of the property consists of pasture yard area and woods amounting to approximately 109 a The land is situated at approximately 30 ft (914 m) above mean sea level

Environmenta1 Setting of the Project Area

The environmental setting is extremely important to an understanding of the prehistoric and historic use of the project area A brief summary of the current knowledge of the area is presented here General environmental reconstructions for the Peninsula presented from an archaeological perspective but with regard to understanding cultural adaptations have been undertaken by Binford (1964) Lewis (1975) Turner (1976) Hunter et al (1989) and Opperman (1984) Another pertinent treatment

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Iof the ecological background of the project area may be found in the drafted environmental impact statement for the proposed Route 199 project (Virginia Department of Transportation 1978) I

The project area is situated in southeastern Virginia in the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic I province The terrain within [he project area is low and flat Elevations range from less than 5 ft (152 m) up to approximately 30 ft (914 m) above mean Isea level The project area is bounded by the Warwick River on the south Deep Creek on the east and Flax Mill Creek on the west I

The soil associations withinthe project area include Bethera Slage Yemassee and Craven soils

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(Newhouse 1992) The latter soil type is l II

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characterized by clayey soil while the remaining types consist of fme loam The soil associations range from poorly to moderately well drained and in general are considered suitable for agriculture Approximately two-thirds of the project area is cultivated fields with the-remaining one-third in pasture yard salt marsh and forest

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Ii I CHAPTER 2

Overview of Prehistoric ResoUlCeS

II Introduction

This section provides a swnmary of current Site 44NN20 knowledge about the prehistoric cultural resources in the project area region Included in this overview is Like Sites 44NN270 and 44NNI9 Site 44NN20 a list of known prehistoric archaeological sites within is a multi-component site containing both historic and the vicinity of the project area a brief chronology of prehistoric resources Identified by MAAR the cultural periods that have been identified for this Associates Inc in 1987 the site is located region and a discussion of potential site distributions immediately southwest of Site 44NNI9 at Curtis based on this research Point on Mulberry Island The site is located at the

confluence of the James and Warwick Rivers Previous Research on Prehistoric Sites Prehistoric artifacts recovered from the site were

limited to a scatter of worked lithic material These The Virginia Department of Historic remams are interpreted as associated with a base

Resources (VDHR) archaeological site files and camp reports located in Richmond were searched for records of previously recorded sites within a 1 mi Site 44NN42 (1609 km) radius of the project area Six prehistoric sites have been identified within this range (Figure3) Site 44NN42 is a Woodland Period seasonal

camp located approximately 2500 ft (762 m) west of Site 44NN19 Lukas Circle Road on a low terrace and beach along

the east bank of the Warwick River The site Site 44NNI9 is a multi-component site situated identified by Ross Becker in 1980 yielded a scatter of

on a low terrace at the southern tip of Mulberry corner-notched and triangular point types Island It was identified by MAAR Associates Inc in 1987 and was found to measure approximately 3 ain Site 44NN74 size The sites prehistoric component represented by a scatter of fire cracked rock quartzite debitage Identified and recorded by staff of the Virginia quartzite flakes sheU tempered pottery and fabric Research Center for Archaeology (VRCA) in 1982 impressed Townsend Ware is interpreted as a Site 44NN74middot is located on a terrace along Flax Mill prehistoric camp site dating to the Middle to Late Creek in the Denbigh Plantation housing Woodland Period development The site lies approximately 500 ft

(15240 m) northwest of the Hampton Roads Site 44NN270 Sanitation Plant and is adjacent to the Newport News

City Prison Farm property The multi-component This site consisting of prehistoric and historic site which contains both historic and prehistoric

components was discovered and recorded by MAAR resources measures approximately 1000 ft (30480 m) Associates Inc in 1987 The site is located on the by 280 ft (8534 m) Prehistoric artifacts recovered east side of Mulberry Island at its southern extent from the site include triangular point blanks a immediately north of Site 44NNI9 The prehistoric quartzite biface quartzite flakes hammerstones and component consisted of a scatter of quartzite chipping shell tempered pottery This material found in debris and decortication flakes and a quartz core association with a shell midden is interpreted as This debris has been identified as the possible remains of a possible Late Woodland village site remains of a prehistoric camp site

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Figure 3 Previously identified cultural resources

Site 44NN68

Site 44NN68 is located on a terrace in a cultivated field along the western boundary of the Newport News City Prison Farm property and is situated approximately 1000 ft (30480 m) northeast of Site 44NN74 It is located approximately 25 ft (762 m) above mean sea level and is bounded by Flax Mill Creek and the Denbigh Plantation housing development on the west The site identified and recorded by staff of the VRCA in 1981 may have very limited remains as it is characterized only by a light oyster shell scatter

Prehistory of the Project Area Locational Models and Site Types

The prehistory of Virginia has traditionally been organized into three major periods based on diagnostic artifact types and apparent distinctions of

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I past lifeways and cultural adaptations Paleo-Indian Archaic and Woodland In general the prehistory of this region is not well understood I Paleo-Indian Period (before 8000 BC) IAlthough very little is understood about the Paleo-Indian Period within the local area research in other regions of the state as well as out-of-state

information indicate that people have occupied I eastern North America for at least 12000 years if not )several thousand years more The cultural groups of this period are characterized as a mobile population I of hunting bands exploiting large game animals over a wide but restricted area Although mammoth and mastodon are generally thought to be the principal II

megafauna hunted by these early groups some scholars (Gardner 1980) suggest that the retreating Pleistocene environment severely diminished these JIlarge game animals prior to human occupation of this

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elk While hunting has traditionally been emphasized

I for this period these groups undoubtedly exploited a variety of other food sources

The material diagnostic traits commonly associated with this period are fluted projectile points

I These finely worked blades are often found in association with specialized tool kits Unfortunately

1 only three fluted points have been recovered in the City of Newport News and these were not found inII association with other cultural material (Anonymous 198236) In 1989 a fluted point was recovered from

an urban site in downtown Hampton The point had been manufactured from volcanic tuft an exotic lithic source (Hunter et al 1989)

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The scarcity of Paleo-Indian sites is indicative of the level of information about activities of these early groups in the entire Outer Coastal Plain of Virginia (Hunter et al 19858) During this period and the following Archaic Period there was a marked preference within the Paleo-Indian popUlation for a restricted range of lithic materials such as chert jasper and chalcedony (Gardner 19834) The Outer Coastal Plain of Virginia affords no readily available source of high quality lithic material The closest known chert outcrops occur at the Williamson Site in Dinwiddie County Virginia In view of the extreme scarcity of these sites they are unlikely to be represented within the project area

Archaic Period (8000 BC to 1200 BC)

Cultural groups of this period used a more diverse subsistence strategy than their predecessors This seasonal hunting and gathering strategy brought about by the warming Holocene environment and the flourishing of new biotic communities focused on the exploitation of small and large game aquatic resources including fish and shellfISh and a variety of berries nuts roots and other foodstuffs

In addition to a diversifying of foodstuffs a shift occurred from the predominant use of chert and jasper toward the use of quartz and quartzite for lithic tool manufacture These materials were used to produce a variety of distinctive stone tool types which prehistorians believe correspond to adaptations in subsistence and settlement patterns Diagnostic projectile points from tightly dated contexts on

Archaic sites serve as the basis for subdividing the period into the Early Middle and Late sub periods

Although these sites are better represented on the James-York Peninsula than are sites of the preceding period they are frequently in a poor state of preservation often disturbed by plowing erosion or inundation by coastal waters Archaic Period sites have been identified within the vicinity of the project area but sites dating to the succeeding Woodland Period are more common

The primary locations within the project area likely to contain Archaic Period sites include the margins of Deep and Flax Mill Creeks and adjacent terraces and hilltops Sites projected for these areas would be small subsistence related limited activity sites although occasional Late Archaic Period seasonal base camps might bemiddot present (Gardner 198256-57) Since Archaic Period sites can only be identified by the presence of diagnostic projectile points and tools they often cannot be recognized through shovel testing alone There is a moderate probability of locating Archaic Period sites within the project area

Woodland Period (1200 BC to AD 1607)

Although Woodland Period groups continue~ to exploit varied resources during the Archaic Period seasonal hunting and gathering gradually gave way to an economy based on sedentary horticulture This transition took place during subperiods of the Woodland Period recognized by prehistorians as Early Middle and Late During the Early and Middle Woodland plant foods became increasingly more important in the diet By the late Woodland Period reliance on a clearly defined agricultural system was well established

With the emergence of a horticultural economy during the Early Woodland fired clay vessels were introduced The marked variation in ceramic types distinguished by differences in manufacturing techniques clays tempering materials and stylistic attributes have allowed archaeologists to distinguish many cultural traditions within the three subperiods In addition lithic types have been identified which indicate the gradual shift in economic strategies and which also serve as principle diagnostic indicators for the three subperiods Further work in the local area

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is necessary in order to refine known lithic and ceramic typologies and to clarify the traditions to which these artifacts belong

Woodland Period sites usually occur within a riverine to estuarine setting They range in size and type from small seasonal and resource procurement camps to hamlets and villages Large camps and villages usually appear on terraces associated with major rivers andmiddot estuaries Small resource procurement camps seem to have been located along smaller streams in the interior of the Coastal Plain (Hunter et al 198512-13) The presence of broad flat terraces adjacent to the Warwick River and its tributaries makes the probability of locating Woodland villages in this area high Procurement camps and small seasonal camps may be found along the river marsh edges and along the streams within the project area


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CHAPTER 3 Overview of Historic Resources

Introduction

This background history presents the general historical context for investigation of the project area Cartographic research jnto the history of the project area is summarized known archaeological sites within a 1 mi (1609 km) radius of the project area are listed and a predictive model of site distribution based on this background research is presented

Historical Research

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Historical research for the Phase I cultural resource survey of the Newport News Prison Farm property was conducted in Richmond at the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia State Library and in Williamsburg at the Swem Library of the College of William and Mary The current project area was located in Warwick County until 1957 when the county was consolidated with the City of Newport

I News The project area is likely to contain historic period Indian sites as well as sites related to the last four centuries of European and African occupation

I) The Prison Farm property is located on a peninsula formed by Deep Creek and the Warwick River When the English first arrived the project area was within the territory of the Kecoughtan Indians

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The Kecoughtans inhabited a large village near the present site of Hampton University this group would likely have been the indians inhabiting the project

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I area during the per~od immediately prior to European contact These Indians had only recently been settled at the village of Kecoughtan as clients of the Powhatan Confederation Prior to about the 1590s the village at Kecoughtan had been occupied by

I Chesapeake Indians The Chesapeakes may have used the project area prior to their subduction by the Powhatans and forcible relocation to a site near present-day Norfolk (Jester 196116)

Directly across the Warwick River from the bull project area lies Mulberry Island now the site of the Fort Eustis Military Reservation Some of the earliest land patents issued in Virginia were for acreage on

I Mulberry Island In 1618 Sir George Yeardley

arrived in Virginia to serve as the colonys governor and received 1000 a of land on Mulberry Island for his own use Yeardley named his patent Stanley Hundred (Jester 196119) By 1619 both John Rolfe and William Pierce the captain of the guard at Jamestown owned land on Mulberry Island along the Warwick River (Jester 196118)

The current project area was probably part of the patent of Samuel Mathews Nugents Cavaliers and Pioneers does not contain a copy of Mathews Warwick County patent but descriptions of the lands of adjacent settlers provide at least a suggestion of its location Mathews patent apparently extended up both sides of Deep Creek (Nugent 148) By 1627 most of the land along the Warwick River had been claimed and thirteen landowners held a tptal of 2200 a in the vicinity of Blunt Point (Jester 196119) In 1633 a public tobacco storehouse was constructed on Mathews land (McKnight 1959194)

The project area was probably the site of the first attempt to develop a town within Warwick County In 1680 1691 and 1705 the Virginia Assembly passed a series of acts designed to formulate a comprehensive policy of town development in the colony Political compromise made the first two acts largely unworkable and they were quickly repealed (Morgan 1975284-285) At some point during the 1680s 50 a of Samuel Mathewss land were purchased by the county trustees and set aside for the formation of a town (McKnight 1959195)

Warwicktown as it was often called was situated at Town Point on a bluff overlooking the mouth of the WarWick River and Deep Creek (Jester 196129) A grid was laid out and a courthouse jail tavern and a few houses were built As with many proposed towns in late seventeenth-century Virginia Warwicktown never developed into more than a remote and isolated spot in a rural landscape (McKnight 1959195) A tobacco inspection warehouse was built there probably in the 1730s and

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was still in use in 1750 even though tobacco cultivation had all but ceased on the tidewatermiddot peninsula The courthouse continued to operate at the site until 1809 when it was moved to the Cary property on Stoney Run (Jester 196129) In 1813 Robert Young petitioned the court to return the area to agricultural land (Jester 196129)

Although the county courthouse re~ained at the site for another century Warwicktown had so diminished that it was not even mentioned in the Town Act of 1705 (McKnight 1959195) According to local informant Cary Young Adams much if not all of the current project area belonged to the Young family from the middle of the eighteenth century until well in to the twentieth century The Youngs operated an ordinary near the courthouse until the latter was moved (Adams 1990) Late seventeenthshyor eighteenth-century archaeological sites which might be identified during the survey may be associated with Warwicktown or may relate to nearby domestic and agricultural activities

After the American Revolution Warwick and Elizabeth City counties declined Neither county experienced any significant social or economic development until after the Civil War Both counties had been small centers of trade and manufacture primarily shipbuilding throughout the eighteenth century but in the early nineteenth century Norfolk and Baltimore emerged as the dominant port cities of the Chesapeake and the few commercial establishments in Warwick and Elizabeth City were either driven under or were moved to the new centers of trade (Downing 1991 McKnight 1959198) By 1790 Warwicks popUlation stood at only 1690 (McKnight 1959199) The engineer who produced the 1781 British military map of the eastern peninSUla identified no standing structures within the project area (WPM 1781) (Figure 4)

During the Phase I research no antebellum nineteenth-ceritury maps were located which depict the project area Three Union military maps associated with General George B McClellans 1862 Peninsular Campaign which include the project area were examined The first a military reconnaissance map shows the location of a Confederate force directly across Deep Creek from the lower of the two mills which were owned by (or at least named for) the Young family (Cram 1862) (Figure 5) The map shows no domestic or agricultural structures within

10

I the project area A Confederate fortification designed Ito block the entrance to the Warwick River lies just to the west of the project area (see Figure 5) The location of this fortification on the map suggests that it is not part of the remains visible on the property I today

An April 1862 Campaign map likewise shows I no domestic structures within the project area However the existence of a road may suggest otherwise The terminus of the road shown on the Imap at the James River on the west bank of Deep Creek may indicate the seventeenth- and eighteenthshycentury site of Warwick Courthouse (Humphreys 1862a)(Figure 6) The road was still serviceable in I the 1860s suggesting the existence of a wharf or other buildings in the area It should be noted that the configuration of roads on these maps when compared Ito the 1907 quadrangle (USGS quadrangle) (Figure

I

7) may suggest that the focus of Warwick town was located on the small peninSUla north of the point and therefore outside the current project area

A September 1862 map depicting the peninSUla shows the project area after occupation by the Union army The same road portrayed on the Campaign

IMap is shown A Union signal tower and a possihle Iinstallation are shown overlooking the Warwick River

just to the west of the project area (Humphreys 1862b) (Figure 8) Again no buildings of any sort are depicted in the project area I

Plans for the Confederate defense of the lower

I 1

James River were initiated by General Robert E Lee within days after Virginia seceded from the Union John B Magruder was placed in command of operations on the Peninsula and he established his I

headquarters at Yorktown In late April 1861 IMagruder resolved to place his line of defense behind the Warwick River and decided to protect his right flank (the confluence of the Warwick and the James) with water batteries at Mulberry Point (Davis 19682shy I 4)

I I

By October 1861 there were about 8000 Union troops in the town of Newport News Magruder became concerned that a Union force could force its way up the Warwick River and take Ithe Mulberry Island battery from the rear He sent a regiment of 500 men to Lands End on the right bank of the Warwick (opposite the project area) and ordered 30 canal boats to be scuttled in the mouth of I

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Figure 4 A sketch of the east end of the peniresula whereon is Hampton (WPM ca 1781)

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Figure 5 Sheet No1 Military Reconnaissance Department of Virginia (Cram 1862)

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~ o 1 kilometers

Figure 6 Yorktown to Williamsburg Campaign Map Anny of the Potomac No1 April 1862 (Humphreys 1862a)

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USGS 7S-minute Yorktown quadrangle showing project area (1907)

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2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

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Figure 8 Yorktown to Williamsburg Campaign Map Anny of the Potomac No1 September 1862 (Humphreys 1862b) bullIthe river (Davis 196817) The fortification on the the later existence of the signal tower suggests (see east side of the mouth of the Warwick River may Figure 8) have been constructed at this point (see Figure 5)

I 1

Confederate forces were withdrawn from the After the Civil War the project area seems to Mulberry Island fortifications between May 2 and 3 have reverted to its antebellum use as a farm One 1862 The area remained under Uhion control for historian has observed that after the war Warwick the balance of the war (Davis 196837) devoted itself to fishing and agriculture (McKnight

1959201) The Warwick River and Deep Creek have ICivil War-period earthworks located within the long provided harbors for area watermen and some project area could be either of Union or Confederate structures associated with the fishing industry may construction depending upon their orientation have been located within the project area (Jester Confederate works would likely be designed to 196135) It appears that in the late-1860s I protect the mouth of the Warwick River Union approximately 240 acres of land within the project works would probably face the known site of the area was sold by RD and Martha Lee to Hudson Confederate bastion on the east side of the Warwick Mench (Warwick Co DB 1177) Mench had moved or might be oriented facing upriver to defend against to the area from Pennsylvania and established a a Confederate attack With the river blocked and the sawmill and store The area was later named natural barrier of the Warwick River protecting the Menchville in his honor (Jester 1961) Confederate troops on Mulberry Island any Union military construction would probably have been for In the late nineteenth century much of the the purpose of observing Confederate movements as best potential farmland in Warwick County was

14

covered in timber In 1880 the countys population stood at only 2258 (McKnight 1959201199) Unquestionably the biggest boost to Warwicks economy was the completion in 1882 of the Chesapeake amp Ohio Railway with Newport News as its eastern terminus (Bailey 195113) Newport News rapidly grew from town to city In the 1897 Daniel Shenk an Ohio Mennonite became the first of many of his religious sect to establish farms in Warwick County The Warwick Mennonite community was located to the immediate north of the project area (Shenk et aI 1947np) (Figure 9) During World War I Camp Eustis (later Fort Eustis) was established by the US Army on Mulberry Island (McKnight 1959204)

----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers

Figure 9 Fifty years buildillg Oil (he Warwick (Shenk 1947)

During the first decades of the twentieth century ownership of the project area passed from the Young and Mench families to the City of Newport News A parcel of 240 acres was acquired by the city in 1918 from Sallie Mench (Warwick County DB 39430) Il appears that between 1918 and 1931 the property began being used for an almshouse or Poorhouse (Hayes 1992) The building visible on a 1976 aerial photograph (Figure 10) was demolished prior to construction of the firing range in

I 15

1983 By 1931 the farm was used as a prison In this year the original portion of the barracks was built (additions were made in 1977 1978 and 1986) In 1937 the prison superintendents house was built and in 1938 the brick barn was added In 1939 an adjacent 236-acre parcel was obtained by the city 1939 from Martha Woodruff Hiden executor of PW Hiden (Ringler 1990) The final addition to the property came in 1943 with the purchase of a 70-acre parcel from Harvey E Yoder (Warwick Co DB 96538)

Previous Research on Historic Period Resources

The VDHR site files and archaeological report library were searched for records of previously identified archaeological sites and architectural resources within a one-mile radius of the project area The search identified a total of thirteen historic sites within the area (see Figure 3) These sites represent a wide range of historic site types including seventeenth- eighteenth- nineteenth- and early twentieth-century domestic sites and nineteenthshycentury military sites including an underwater shipwreck Previously identified historic resources within the vicinity of the project area are summarized in the following

Site 44NN19

As discussed in Chapter 3 Site 44NN19 is a multi-component site situated on a low terrace at the southern tip of Mulberry Island it was identified by MAAR Associates Inc in 1987 and was found to measure approximately 3 a in size A sizable quantity of historic artifacts was recovered including fragments of tobacco pipestems American Brown and grey stonewares refined earthenware yellowware whiteware porcelain pearlware bottle and window glass cut and wire nails and handmade and machine made brick These materials reflect domestic activities at this location beginning in the late eighteenth century and extending into the mid- to late nineteenth century

Site 44NN20

Like Site 44NN19 Site 44NN20 is a large multi-component site containing both historic and prehistoric resources Identified by MAAR Associates Inc in 1987 the site is located immediately southwest of Site 44NN19 at Curtis

I II

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I I I I I - I I I I

Figure ZO Aerial photograph ofproject area (1976) I 16

I il

Point on Mulberry Island The site is located at the confluence of the James and Warwick Rivers Historic domestic related artifacts were recovered from the site but these materials were not specified on the VDHR site form

Site 44NN21

This site is located immediately adjacent to Site 44NN20 on the southeastern tip of Mulberry Island Identified by MAAR Associates Inc the site consists of extensive remnants of a Civil War earthwork The earthwork measures approximately 100 ft (3048 m) long and 5 ft (152 m) high

Site 44NN270

This site consisting of prehistoric and historic components was discovered and recorded by MAAR Associates Inc in 1987 The site is located on the east side of Mulberry Island at its southern extent and lies immediately north of Site 44NN19 The historic component consisted of a scatter of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century refuse including fragments of melted glass clear bottle glass window glass cut and wire nails handmade and machine made ~rick and sand mortar

Site 44NN74

Site 44NN74 is a multi-component site which contains both historic and prehistoric resources Identified and recorded by the VRCA in 1982 it is located on a terrace along Flax Mill Creek in the Denbigh Plantation housing development The site lies approximately 500 ft (15240 m) northwest of the Hampton Roads Sanitation Plant and is adjacent to the Newport News City Prison Farm property It measures approximately 1000 ft (30480 m) by 280 ft (8534 01) Historic artifacts recovered from the site include fragments of nails a tobacco pipe bowl brown stoneware and brick fragments This material indicates that the historic component dates to the eighteenth century

Site 44NN38 (VDHR File No 121-7)

Site 44NN38 is the location of seventeenth~ and eighteenth-century Denbigh Plantation The site located on a series of broad terraces along Flax Mill Road in the Denbigh Plantation housing development lies at an elevation of approximately 30 flo (914 m)

17

above mean sea level and fronts the Warwick River Ivor Noel Hurne conducted a limited archaeological excavation of this site during 1963 to 1965 While site reports on these investigations are not available several articles discuss the sites (Noel Hume 1966 and 1968 Rouse 1987)


This site identified as Mathews Manor is located approximately 500 ft (15240 m) north of the Denbigh Plantation site (Site 44NN38) A review of VDHR records indicates that the two sites are associated Historical information indicates that Sites 44NN44 and 44NN38 were components of the SaIl1e plantation Mathews Manor the name of the seventeenth~century plantation which was renamed Denbigh Plantation in the eighteenth century Noel Hume (1966834) indicates that the plantation house was vacated in the period 1637 to 1639 and that the plantation was abandoned in 1652 Noel Hume (1966834) goes on to note that

Although the original house closely resembled an English Elizabethan nogged farmhouse and is of considerable architectural significance the sites greatest importance derives from the large quantities of domestic and military artifacts found in its pits and ditches during recent archaeological excavations Because Mathews had been described as a most deserving Common-wealthsman it was first assumed that he was also a Puritan and we therefore expected to find evidence of a Puritans traditional frugality in his possessions But a more thorough study of the documelltary record made clear that Mathews support of Cromwells Commonwealth resulted more from a combination of genuinely democratic views and sheer expediency than from religious conviction He had previously been an equally good Kings man and the excavated relics suggest that he appreciated the good things of life


Site 44NN43 (First Denbigh Parish Church) is located on the top of a bluff at the mouth of Church Creek and overlooks the Warwick River The site is located approximately 1500 ft (45720 m) northwest of the Mathews Manor site (44NN44) The

site identified in 1947 by Mr and Mrs George C Henkel was characterized by the extant remains of a stone foundation These remains were apparently covered with topsoil and preserved beneath a lawn when the location became a private residence In 1981 an archaeological survey of the site was conducted by the VRCA Limited testing during this investigation revealed in situ remains of charred timber and square brick flooring tiles In addition to these subsurface remains a surface scatter consisting of hand wrought nails plastered shell mortar and fragments of brick was identified The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982

Site 44NN41

Site 44NN41 is a domestic site dating to the first half of the seventeenth century Identified by Ross Becker and Thomas Barnes ( no date) the site is located at the end of a ridge between the Warwick River and Church Creek The site lies directly opposite Site 44NN43 on the north side of Church Creek Two early to mid-seventeenth-century tobacco pipe bowls and a bellarmine armorial plate were recovered

Site 44NN51

Site 44NN51 is identified as a military camp site of the Upper Deep Creek Harbor Civil War Defense Line Surveyed by Ross Becker in 1980 the site is located approximately 1100 ft (33528 m) east of Menchville Road on a relatively narrow finger terrace that extends into Deep Creek The landform on which the site is located is bounded on the east by the main channel of the creek and on the west by a marshy tributary of the creek Immediately north of the landform is the Newport News City Landfill The site extends from the base of the terrace at the waters edge some 32810 ft (100 m) up the landform and is estimated to measure approximately 6562 ft (20 m) wide Recovered from the site were fragments of bottle glass brick clothing hooks nails fragments of spoons and pieces of an iron pot

Site 44NN69

Sile 44NN69 is situated on a knoll on the east edge of Flax Mill Creek in a cultivated field and is lo~tcd on the weslern boundary of the Newport News CilY Prison Farm property Identified by the

I VRCA in 1981 the site was characterized by a surface scatter of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Idomestic artifacts Included within the assemblage were English clay tobacco pipe stems and ceramic fragments The ceramic types recovered consisted of fragments of William Rogers coarse earthenware I Staffordshire iron glaze earthenware and an Iberian olive jar Surface collections of artifacts have been made from the site by local conectors since its Iidentification in 1981 These materials consisting of bottle glass pipe stems and ceramic reflect colonial period occupation of the site I Site 44NN157 -I

Site 44NN157 is a domestic site dating to the second and third quarter of the eighteenth century The site is located approximately 600 ft (18288 m) northwest of Site 44NN69 and occupies a knoll Iimmediately adjacent to Flax Mill Creek The sile was surveyed by David Muraca and Patricia Samford of the Department of Archaeological Research The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in 1991 Limited I testing of the site identified traces of a chimney base for a structure that may date to the eighteenth century Although no artifacts were recovered from I the site during the investigation the property owner reported having recovered an iron key wine bottle glass and ceramic fragments including those of a IWesterwald chamber pot Fulham stoneware Chinese porcelain and Yorktown earthenware

Site 44NN65 I Site 44NN65 is an underwater nautical site

located at the mouth of the Warwick River The site I consists of four canal boats intentionally scuttled by Confederate Lieutenant Junius S DeJagneJ between October 4 and 17 1861 as part of J B Magruders Peninsula defenses -I Anticipated Historic Resources I

Background research has determined that the project area lies within a rich historical setling The historical development of the area is reflected in its Idocumented history as well as in the archaeological resources identified in its immediate vicinity The historic period resources identified near the project area include seventeenth- through early twentiethshy -I century domestic sites a seventeenth-century

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ecclesiastical site and nineteenth-century Civil War military camp sites and fortifications These locally identified resources provide a better understanding of the historical context of sites anticipated for the project area

It is evident from the background research that the project area has excellent potential for containing a wide range of historic site types including seventeenth- eighteenth- nineteenth- and early twentieth-century domestic sites and nineteenthshycentury military remains As discussed above two historic sites 44NN69 and 44NN51 have been identified within the project area within the past decade Site 44NN51 is a Civil War military camp site located on a long fmger terrace extending into Deep Creek in the northeast quadrant of the project area and Site 44NN69 is a seventeenth- to eighteenth-century domestic site located along the western boundary of the project area This latter site may be associated with the Mathews Manor (44NN44) and Denbigh Plantation (44NN38) sites the latter of which was investigated by Ivor Noel Hume during the early 1960s This site lies across the stream valley on the Denbigh Plantation housing development

Late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century resources have also been identified within the project area Extant farm structures including a well gateposts and a barn are situated on the southern half of the project area Many of these resources are currently in use as part of the Newport News City Prison Farm complex

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1I CHAPTER 4 Archaeological Survey Methods and Results

1 Survey Methods

1 The recording procedures for the project area discard and having sufficient archaeological evidence

Ii were designed to identify and assess archaeological to indicate that further testing would produce

1 sites and locations following standard methods of interpretable archaeological data In contrast a Phase I archaeological field survey Prior to location is defined as an area marked by surface

_I fieldwork a USGS quadrangle of the project area indications and little else andor limited to simple

was reviewed for information on environmental loss casual or single-episode discard a location is conditions and the presence of topographic features determined following the Phase I field investigation

II likely to contain archaeological resources to have low potential of possessing interpretable

Approximately one-third of the project area has some archaeological resources Some notable areas with form of ground cover in the form of lawn pasture or archaeological resources determined to be less than woods This necessitated a reliance on subsurface 50 years old may be recorded as locations Examples testing to reveal the archaeological potential of this of locations would be truly isolated projectile point portion of the project area The remaining two-thirds finds or scatters of not more than 5 to 10 historic of the project area was characterized by plowed fields artifacts Locations may also be defined as isolated 11

and was investigated by systematic surface collection finds of questionable lithic material Stich as possible along designated transects (Figure 11) The project fire-cracked rock or debitage

- I area was divided into five arbitrary areas of

I investigation designated A through E (see Figure 11) Applying either of these definitions requires an

Ii Within Areas A B C and E and portions of Area D element of judgement that takes into account a shovel tests were systematically placed at intervals of number of variables the most important of which are 75 ft (2286 m) or less except in areas which were context and survey intensity For context or substantially impacted by modern disturbance Areas association determination such factors as prior

of disturbance were characterized by redeposited disturbance and secondary deposition must be soils extant buildings and parking lots The shovel considered Consideration of survey intensity is tests were each assigned a provenience designation essentially an assessment of the representativeness of that combined the arbitrary letter designation with an the sample such factors as degree middotof surface arabic numeral Soils from the shovel tests were exposure and shovel test interval are key elements carefully trowel sorted and were passed through 14- here In either case archaeological locations should in (M-cm) screen to ensure the adequate recovery of ultimately be accorded serious consideration as artifacts (Figure 12) potentially important traces of past activity

In addition to systematic testing controlled Laboratory Metbods surface collection was conducted in the plowed fields in Area D A total of 144 transects were carefully All artifacts recovered from the shovel test walked across this area The transects oriented eastshy units and surface collection were returned to the west were spaced at 20-ft (609 m) intervals Black laboratory for washing identiticatiull and cataloging and white photographs and color slides were taken to All artifacts were prepared for curation according to document the field work Virginia Department of Historic Resource (VDHR)

standards The preliminary artifact inventory uses a Archaeological resources identified within standard descriptive typology for both prehistoric and

Areas A through E were given site or location historic materials (Appendix A) Obvious vessel and designations (see Figure 11) An archaeological site other functional characteristics were also noted Field

I is regarded as any apparent location of human activity notes were compiled on the results of the survey and

nOL limited to simple loss casual or single-episode

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KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED

o 800 feet -=-shyo 200 meters

Figure 11 Project parcel showing survey areas survey methods and site locations

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Figure 12 Screening of a shovel test

testing The research data served as the basis for the (44NN5I 44NN68 44NN69 Site 44NN278 Site preparation of the report 44NN280 Site 44NN28I Site 44NN284) and six

10cationsmiddot(Locations A-I A-2 B-6 C-3 0-4 D-5)(see Survey Results Figure 9) Site 44NN278 is located primarily in Area

A but extends into the eastern end of Area B A combined total of 433 shovel tests was dug Locations A-I and A-2 are located in Area A Site

at five different areas (Areas A to E) designated 44NN28I and Location B-6 are located in Area B within the project area during the course of the Location C-3 is located in Area C Site 44NN284 Site fieldwork (see Figure 11) Areas A B C and 0 44NN69 Site 44NN68 and Locations D-4 and D-5 corresponded with the Riverview Farm property are located in Area D and Site 44NN5I is located in while Area E encompassed the parcel located Area E The results of the survey in each of the tive adjacent to north of the Newport News City landfill areas are summarized below (see Figure 11) One hundred and twenty-three of the shovel test pits were positive However some of Area A the positive shovel test pits contained artifactual andor stratigraphic evidence that the artifacts Area A comprises the southernmost portion of represented low density shallow deposits often the project area and is located on the south side of associated with modern refuse or substantial modern primary access roads which service the prison farm disturbance In identifying sites and locations an and Hampton Roads Sanitation Plant (see Figure 11) effort was made to locate prehistoric and historic This portion of the project area which fronts the artifact concentrations andor features estimate site Warwick River and consists of approximately 17 a boundaries and assess the potential archaeological serves as the central location of the prison farm significance of the resource complex Included within the complex are

I administrative and maintenance buildings outdoor

The survey and background research resulted training facilities a dormitory parking lots and 111 the identification of seven archaeological sites fenced pasture Approximately 90 of the area has

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I some form of cover either in the form of gravel parking lots or in yards and pasture

A total of 208 shovel test pits was excavated within Area A (FigUres 13 14 and 15) Seventy-six of the shovel test pits were positive A total of two archaeological sites and two locations were identified in Area A Sites 44NN278 44NN280 and Locations A-I and A-2 Each site and location is discussed below

Site 44NN280 Nineteenth- and Early TwentiethshyCentul)1 Domestic Shovel tests placed within the yard area east of (he main administrative office and immediately north of the dog kennel revealed a concentration of nineteenth- and early twentiethshycentury domestic and architectural debris (see Figure 11) This material was contained in sandy loam soils that ranged from 110 to 210 ft (3352 to 64 cm) thick The uppermost layer (Layer A) consisted of an olive brown (25Y44) sandy silty loam topsoil with grass and humus This thick layer measuring up to

10 ft (3048 cm) thick may be a plowzone Beneath Layer A was a light yellowish brown (25Y64) sandy loam (Layer B) Layer B overlay an olive yellow (Z5Y66) sandy clay subsoil (Layer C)(Figure 16)

Shovel Tests 69 74 75 76 72 and 73 yieided a total of 58 artifacts While twentieth-century debris was recovered from most of the shovel test pits early to mid-ninettltenth-century artifacts were also present Shovel Test 69 in particlllar contained a thick deposit of handmade brick oyster shell nail fragments and a fragment of ceramic tableware The ceramic fragment was pearlware with an embossed green edge decoration This decorative attribute on pearlware was popular beginning in 1820 and its association with the brick rubble deposit at the base of the shovel test pit suggests that the deposit may date to as early as the second quarter of the nineteenth century

Shovel Test 75 located approximately 20 ft (604 m) south of Shovel Test 69 contained a fragment of Flow Blue whiteware ceramic The flowing blue transfer-printed patterns were not in use as a ceramic decoration prior to 1840 The presence of lhe whiteware ceramic fragment recovered from this unit and the pearlware fragment recovered from Shovel Test 69 dates the site to the early to midshynineteenth century The area delineated by positive

shovel tests indicates that the site measures approximately 75 by 75 ft (2286 by 2286 m) I Recommendation The Phase 1 research results indicate that Site 44NN280 is potentially significant under Criterion D for eligibility to the National IRegister of Historic Places Site 44NN280 is recommended for Phase II archaeological evaluation due to its nineteenth-century occupation and the Ipotential for the occurrence of intact subsurface features

Site 44NN278 Eighteenth- and Nineteenthshy I Century Domestic and Nineteellth-Celltury Military Located approximately 100 ft (3048 m) southeast of Site 44NN280 is Site 44NN278 Site 44NN278 is the Ilargest of the seven sites identified within the project area measuring approximately 900 ft by 650 ft (27432 by 19812 m or approximately 8 a)(see Figure 11) The site was delineated by a lotal or 148 I shovel tests excavated within this portion of Area A and the eastern extent of Area B (see Figure 13) Soils varied across the site in terms of texture color I and depth On the western half of the site in an area currently serving as a pasture soils consisted of an upper deposit of a dark brown (lOYR33) sandy loam Iwith sod (Layer A) The dark brown sandy loam overiaya light olive brown (25Y54) fine sandy loam I

plowzone (Layer B) Beneath Layer H at a depth of approximately 110 to 150 ft (3352 to 4572 em) I below ground surface was a light olive brown )

(25Y56) fine sandy clay subsoil (Figure 17) I In general soil profiles for the yard area on

I 1the south side of th~ prison dormitory were

characterized by a relatively thin (20 ft6 cm thick) upper layer of dark brown (10YR43) sandy loam topsoil with sod (Layer A)(Figure 18) The topsoil 1 overlay a light olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam that measured from 20 to 50 ft (6 to 1524 cm) thick I Beneath Layer B at a depth of approximately 40 flo

I I

(1219 cm) below ground surface was Layer CLayer C consisted of a light olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam mottled with an olive yellow (25Y66) line sandy loam and a strong brown (75YR58) clay Subsoil represented by strong brown (75YR58) clay was encountered approximately 70 fr (2133 cm) below ground surface

In the area north-northeast of the prison dormitory on a high knoll soils consisted primarily of

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JAMES RIVER

I Figure 13 Plan of Site 44NN278 showing location of shovel tests

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ftj - BUILDINGS 09 ~ o 10 0 15 N

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Figure 14 Plan of Locations A-I and A-2 showing location of shovetests

26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY

bull POSITIVE SHOVEL TEST

o NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST

~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290

bull 274 bull 0297 62 bull

277 27 bull 289

273middot 298 6302 - DrsTURBED 288

272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I

Figure 15 Plall of Sites 44NN280 44NN281 and Location A-2 showillg location of shovel test

27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy

10 28 centimeters inches

KEY

A - Olive Brown (25Y44) Sandy Silty Loam B - Light Yellowish Brown (25Y64) Sandy Loam

C - Olive Yellow (25Y66) Sandy Clay

Figure 16 Profile of Shovel Test A-69

o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -

50 20 centimeters Inches

KEY

A - Dark Brown (JOYR33) Sandy Loam With Sod B - Light Olive Brown (25Y54) Fine Sandy Loam C - Light Olive Brown (25Y56) Fine Sandy Clay

Figure 17 Profile of Shovel Tesl A-94

J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I

A - Dark Brown (IOYR43) Sandy Loam B - Light Olive Brown (25Y54) Sandy Loam -1

C - Light Olive Brown (25Y54) Sandy Loam IMottled With Olive Yellow (25Y66) Fine Sandy Loam and Strong Brown (75YR58) Clay

D - Strong Brown (75YR58) Clay - Figure 18 Profile of Shovel Test A-J70 -a single deposit of olive brown (25Y44) to dark yellow brown (lOYR44) sandy loam (Layer A) (Figure 19) This layer measuring from 30 to 10 ft (914 to 3048 cm) thick overlay a brownish yellow - (10YR68) sandy clay subsoil Layer A in this area was characterized by a concentration of artifacts

Seventy-seven of the 148 shovel test pits excavated in Area A were positive (see Figure 13) Shovel test units placed across this area revealed a broad scatter of eighteenth- and nineteenth- century Idomestic and architectural artifacts including 41 ceramic fragments 24 fragments of bottle and table glass 43 cut and hand wroughl nails and nail fragments and 154 fragments of handmade brick I The ceramic assemblage consistjng of fragments of delftware white salt glazed stoneware coarse earthenware Staffordshire slipware pcarlwarc and whiteware were from tablewares and cooking and bullstorage vessels Artifact concenLrations appeared La be heaviest in four areas the pasture in the northwest --Iquadrant of the site the softball field immediately west of the prison dormitory parking lot the yard areas southeast and southwest of the prison dormitory and the knoll (Area B) northeast of the I

28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY

A - Olive Brown (25Y44) to Dark Yellow Brown (IOYR44) Sandy Loam B - Brownish Yellow (10YR68)

Sandy Clay Subsoil

Figure 19 Profile of Shovel Test B-213

prison dormitory Positive test units at these locations averaged 56 artifacts per shovel test compared to 43 artifacts per shovel test recovered from units on remaining areas on the site Layer A on the knoll northeast of the prison dormitory was particularly characterized by a heavy concentration of artifacts relative to other portions of the site A total of 58 artifacts were recovered from 8 of the 13 shovel tests placed at this location The artifacts recovered from this portion of the site account for 39 of the total artifact assemblage recovered from Site 44NN278

In addition to ~ighteenlh-and nineteenthshycentury artifact scatter associated with domestic occupation Site 44NN278 contains a nineteenthshycentury military component The remains of a possible Civil War earthwork are visible in the yard immediately south of the prison dormitory (see Figure 13) (Figure 20) This feature is located near the southern edge of the prominent bluff on which the prison compound is located The earthwork extends east-west paralleling the Warwick River It measures approximately 144 ft (4389 m) long 125 to 15 ft (381 to 457 m) wide and 5 f1 (152 m) high

No military artifacts were recovered from Site 44NN278 The absence of this material in the artifact

assemblage may reflect the lack of intensity of occupation of the site andor the fact that the earthwork and the surrounding site area have been searched with metal detectors by local collectors Despite the absence of military refuse historical evidence indicates that extensive Civil War period activity took place within the immediate vicinity of the project area (see Historical Research Chapter 3)

Recommendation The Phas~ I research results indicate that Site 44NN278 has a high potential for containing intact deposits and features dating from the late seventeenth through inineteenth centuries These resources may be mis~ciated with historic Warwicktown which documentary evidence suggests may have been located withi~ this portion of the project area In view of the research results Site 44NN278 is potentially signifiamt under Criterion D for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places and a Phase 11 archa~ol()gicul evaluation is recommended

LocationA-1 Possible Slzeli Midden Location A-I is located in the southwest quadrant of the project area approximately 150 ft (4527 m) south of the firing range at the end of a small finger terrace which projects into marsh of tHe Warwick River (see Figure 11) Location A-I is characterized by a possible shell midden which isvisible on the ground surface on the southern bank of the landform The feature measures approximately 12 ft (365 Ill) in length (Figure 21)

A total of ten shovyl tests was placed immediately adjacent to this feature on the north and along the crest of the terrace (sec Figure 14) These units revealed well developed sandy loam soils measuring up to 18 ft (5486 cm) deep (Figure 22) The uppermost deposit consi~ted of a dark brown (10YR43) sandy loam topsoil (Layer A) that measured approximately 50 ft (151 em) thick This layer overlay alight yellow brown (10YRG4) sandy loam mottled with dark brown (10YR43) sandy loam (Layer B) that ranged from 35 to 90 ft (1066 to 2743 em) thick Beneath Layer B was a light yellowish brown (10YR64) sandy loam (Layer q Layer C in turn overlaid a dark yellowish brown (10YR46) sandy clay subsoil (Layer D) Cultural material recovered from Layer~ A B and C was very sparse consisting of a fragment of modern window glass from Shovel Test A-38 a fragment of oyster

I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY

A - Dark Brown (IOYR43) Sandy Loam B - Light Yellow Brown (lOYR64) Sandy Loam

Mottled With Dark Brown (lOYR43) Sandy Loam C - Light Yellowish Brown (lOYR64) Sandy Loam

D - Dark Yellowish Brown (IOYR46) Sandy Clay Subsoil


shell fragments from Shovel Test A-39 three oyster shell from Shovel Test A-49 and a modern bullet found in the surface of the exposed portion of the shell feature at the end of the terrace (see Appendix A)

Although the research results are not conclusive they suggest that the shell feature may be an historic midden probably dating to the twentieth century Shovel tests placed immediately north of the feature along the crest of the terrace indicate that the shell concentration does not extend up the landform but is confined to the edge of the marsh suggesting that the shell may have been dumped at this location Evidence of modern refuse disposal in the marsh is present at numerous locations several hundred feet east of Location A-I

31

Recommendation The Phase I research results indicate that Location A-t is judged not signiticant or potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D and further archaeological work is not recommended

Location A-2 Twentieth-Century Domestic Location A-2 is situated on top of a knoll approximately 350 ft (10668 m) northeast of Location A-I (see Figure 11) A large two-story brick dwelling is present at this location This twentieth-century structure which is currently unoccupied served as a residence for former prison farm directors A total of nine shovel tests was placed in the yard area around the perimeter of the house (see Figure 14) Typical soil profiles consisted of an upper layer of dark grayish brown (10YR42) fine sandy loam (Layer A) (Figure 23) Beneath Layer A was a relatively thin layer (15 ft457 em thick) of dark grayish brown sandy (lOYR42) loam mottled with light ycllowish brown (10YRG4) sandy loam (Layer B) Layer B over laid Layer C a light yellowish brown (10YR64) fine sandy loam A brownish yellow fine sandy clay subsoil was encountered approximately 11 ft (3352 cm) below ground surface

Eight of the nine shovel tests contained a total of 119 artifacts including a sizable quantity of modern bottle glass and ceramic fragments This material primarily contained in the dark brown sandymiddot loa~ topsoil was most likely generated from theshyoccupation of the house andor from fill deposits associated with landscaping activities

Recommendation In view of its age and condition Location A-2 is judged neither significant nor potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D Further archaeologicld work is not recommended

Area B

Area B is situated immediately northeast of Area A (see Figure 11) It is bounded on the west by City Farm Road and on the south by Area A and the main service road for the prison farm complex Area B consisting of approximately 105 a (excluding filled area on east) contains maintenance and farm buildings a parking lot and storage area fenced

-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY

A - Dark Grayish Brown (10 YR42) Fine Sandy Loam

B - Dark Grayish Brown (lOYR42) Sandy Loam MaUled With Light Yellowish Brown

(lOYR64) Sandy Loam C - Light Yellowish Brown (lOYR64)

Fine Sandy Loam D - Brownish Yellow (lOYR56) Fille

Sandy Clay Loam


pasture and soil and compost filled areas Approximately 90 of the area bas some form of cover either in the form of gravel parking lots or yards and pasture

A total of 107 shovel test pits was excavated within Area B Forty-two of the shovel test pits were positive One site Site 44NN281 was identified The site identified within this area is discussed below

Site 44NN281 Eighteenth- and NineteenlhshyCelllury Domestic Sile 44NN281 is located within a renced pasture immediately adjacenl to a large barn and related rarm buildings (sec Figure 11) Soil proliles ror this area were characterized by a dark brown (10YR3j3) sandy loam (Layer A) topsoil measuring from approximately 2 to 6 ft (6 to 1828 cm) thick (Figure 24) Beneath this deposit was a

32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12

centimeters inches I

1 j

I ]

KEY

A - Dark Brown (lOYR33) Sandy Loam 1 B - Olive Brown (25Y44) Sandy Loam MaUled

With Yellowish Brown (lOYR58) Clay 1 C - Yellowish Brown (lOYR58) Clay Subsoil I

Figure 24 Profile of Shovel Test B-271 1 layer of olive brown (25Y4j4) fine sandy loam 1 mottled with yellowish brown (10YR5j8) clay and dark brown sandy loam (Layer B) Layer B I measured from 25 to 6 ft (190 to 1828 cm) thick

I 1

Layer B overlays a yellowish brown (lOYR5j8) day subsoil (Layer C)

The sandy loam deposits identified across this area contained a scatter of eighteenth- and middot1

1

nineteenth-century domestic and architectural artifacts The artifacts were recovered from an area l-measuring approximately 600 ft (18288 m) east-west by 250 ft (7620 m) northmiddotsouth The artifact I distribution indicates that the western boundary of the I site extends beneath City Farm Road into Area A 11

A lotal of 39 shovel test pits delineale the site this includes seven shovel tests excavated in Area A which mark the western boundary of the site (see Figure 15) Twenty-two of the 39 test units were positive The artifacl assemblage consisted or four

III i

II III

ceramic fragments including 3 fragments of pearlware and 1 fragment of American grey stoneware lO fragments of bottle glass 20 wrought and cut nails and nail fragments and 43 pieces of handmade brick Also included in the assemblage was a light concentration of prehistoric material Shovel Tests Bshy263 B-288 B-298 and B-300 each contained a fragment of quartzite debitage

In addition to discovering historic and prehistoric artifact scatter in this area Shovel Test Bshy288 bisected a feature (Figure 25) The top of the feature was covered by a layer of dark brown 10YR33) sandy loam (Layer A) that measured 20 ft (6 em) thick The feature consisting of olive brown (25Y44) measured approximately 10 f1 (3018 cenLimeters) and 10 feet (3018 centimeters) deep The feature may be the remains of a poslhole however no evidence of a postmold was visible in the feature profile

o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12

40 16centimeters inches

KEY

A - Dark Brown (IOYR33) Sandy Loam B - Olive Brown (25Y44) Sandy Silty Loam

C - Light Yellow Brown (lOYR64) Sandy Loam D - Yellowish Brown (lOYR58) aay Subsoil


Recommendation In view of its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century occupations and its potential for containing intact subsurface features Site 44NN281 is potentially significant under Criterion D for

33

eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places and a Phase II archaeological evaluation is recommended

Area C

Area C is located immediately north of access roads which service the Hampton Roads Sanitation Plant and the southwestern quadrant of the prison farm property (see Figure 11) This portion of the project area bounded by Area D on the north consists of approximately 4 a It contains a fenced pasture and animal pens Approximately 55 of the area is animal pen with a sparse grass cover while the remaining 45 of the Area C is plowed field

Shovel testing within Area C was confined to the two large terraces and the adjacent areas which form the western boundary of the area Testing was concentratedmiddot on the smaller of the two landforms During the early 1980s two human graves purportedly dating to the Civil War period were identified at this location (Payne personal communication 1992)

A total of 30 shovel test pits was excavated within Area C (Figure 26) Ten of the shovel test pits were pOSitive Two sites Sites 44NN282 and 44NN283 were identified

Site 44NN282 Prehistoric Procurement Camp Site 44NN282 is centrally located on a small lerrace at the west end of Area C (see Figure 11) Shovel tests excavated at this 10caLion revealed soil profiles characterized by a grayish brown (10YR52) s1nuy loam (Layer A) over a layer of yellowish brown (lOYRS6) sandy silty clay subsoil (Layer B) (Figure 27)

A sparse quanliLY of prehisloric and historic artifacts was recovered at this location Three of the eleven shovel tests yielded a total of five artifacls Shovel Test C-335 contained one fragment of brick and Shovel Test C~329 contained one fragment of modern bottle glass and one piece of quartzite debitage Shovel Test Cmiddot330 located approximately 60 ft (1828 m) northwest of Shovel Test C-329 contained two fragments of quartzite debitage

The historic artifact assemblage can be likened to general field scatter and is most likely

KEY

bull - POSITIVE SHOVEL TEST

0- NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST

3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11

Figure 26 Plan of Sites 44NN68 44NN282 44NN283 and Location D-6 showing location of shovel tests

34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy

B- shy -1230 shy ~--centimeters inches

KEY

A - Grayish Brown (lOYR52) Sandy Loam B - Yellowish Brown (lOYR56) Sandy Silty Clay

Figure 27 Profile of Shovel Test C-335

associated with a broad scatter of modern debris recovered from shovel tests across Area C (see Appendix A) The sparse prehistoric assemblage suggests that this material may represent isolated remains or possibly lithic debris associated with a small prehistoric procurement camp that was briefly occupied

Recommendation The Phase I research results indicate that Location C-3 is judged neither significant nor potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D and further archaeological work is not warranted

Site 44NN283 Prehistoric Procuremellt Camp Site 44NN283 is located in a cultivated field approximately 200 ft (6096 m) southeast of Site 44NN282 and Flax Mill Creek (see Figure 25) It consists of a low density widely scattered assemblage of quartzite debitage The site measures approximately 260 ft (80 m) north-south by ZOO ft (60 m) east-west A single shovel test placed at this site revealed a light olive brown (25YS4) sandy loam plow-lOne (Layer A) that measured 110 f1 (3352 em) thick (Figure 28) The deposit was over a light olive brown (25YS6) silty clay subsoil (Layer

35

oo

410

A 820

30 12

10--8- - shy40 16 centimeters Inches

KEY

A - Light Olive Brown (25Y54) Sandy Loam Plowzone

B - Light Olive Brown (25Y56) Silty Clay Subsoil


B) It is possible that Site 44NN283 may be an extension ofSite 44NN282 with the main locus of the combined site at Site 44NN282 nearer Flax Mill Creek

Recommendation Due to the lack of diagnostic artifacts the sparsely distributed nature of their disposition as shallow pJowzone deposits no further work is recommended

AreaD

Area 0 comprises the largest portion of the project area encompassing approximately 112 acres It is located immediately north of Area C and is bounded on the east by city Farm and MenchviIle Roads on the north by Youngs Road and on the west by Flax Mill Creek and -the Denbigh Plantation housing development (see Figure 11) Area D is presently characterized by plowed and fallow fields

with the exception of three parcels These include a 725 a tract located approximately 200 ft (6096 m) south of Youngs Road and 800 ft (24384 m) west of Menchville Road This tract is currently being developed as an athletic field The remaining parcels are a grass-covered tract that serves as a buffer between Youngs Road and agricultural fields and a fenced tract of land located adjacent to the intersection of City Farm Road and an access road for the Hampton Roads Sanitation Plant This fenced part of Area D is presently a grassy field being used for pasture

Limited shovel testing was undertaken on these latter two parcels A total of eighteen shovel tests were placed on the parcel near Youngs Road but no positive tests were recorded Soils at this location were characterized by a brownish yellow (lOYR6j6) sandy loam mottled with a yellowish brown sandy loam This deposit was over a light olive brown (25Y5j6) sandy clay subsoil (Figure 29)

centimeters inches

KEY

A - Brownish Yellow (lOYR66) Sandy Loam Mottled With Yellowish Brown

(10YR56) Sandy Loam B - Ught Olive Brown (25Y56)

Silty Clay Subsoil

Figure 29 Profile of Shovel Test D-404

Three of the thirty-five shovel tests (Shovel Tests D-367 D-369 and D-381) excavated on the parcel adjacent to City Farm Road were positive The sparse artifact assemblage consisting of two fragments of handmade brick one fragment of

36

I transfer printed blue pearlware and one nail of Iunidentified type was recovered from an olive brown (25Y5j4) sandy loam plowzone that measured approximately 90 ft (2743 cm) thick (Figure 30) The plowzone was over a light olive brown (25Y5j6) I silty clay subsoil

I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____

30 - -12B centimetilrs Inches 1

-1 KEY I

A - Olive Brown (25Y54) Sandy Loam Plowzolle

B - Light Olive Brown (25Y56) Silly Clay Subsoil I Figure 30 Profile of Shovel Test D-369

In view of the good surface exposure on this I parcel shovel testing was limited to the area adjacent to City Farm Road Testing was used to augment surface collection at this location as it was felt that 1 this portion of Area D might contain resources associated with nearby Site 44NN281 located on the east side of City Farm Road The survey results ilhowever indicated that Site 44NN281 does not extend into Area D

11In addition to limited testing on select portions of Area D careful attention was paid to the results of previous archaeological surveys in thIs portion of the project area As mentioned in Chapter 2 an IIarchaeological survey of the western portion of Area D along Flax Mill Creek was undertaken by staff of the VRCA in 1981 Two sites Sites 44NN68 and 1144NN69 were identified in this area More recently

1 I an archaeological survey was undertaken on a 75 a

tract in the northern portion of Area D by Espey Huston and Associates (Outlaw 1991) No sites were identified on this tract

II I

Most of Area D is characterized by plowed fields and consequently was surveyed by means of

I 11

controUed surface coUection A total of 144 transects oriented east-west were established at 20 ft (6 m) intervals across Area D A total of 183 artifacts

I-I I including 129 historic artifacts and 54 prehistoric

artifacts was recovered along 62 of the transects Artifact concentrations delineated one site and four locations including Site 44NN284 and Locations D-4 and D-5 Two sites Sites 44NN69 and 44NN68 were

II previously identified within Area D (see Chapter 2) (see Figure 11) Each site and location is discussed below

I1

1 Si(e 44NN69 Sevellteettth- Eighteellth- and Nineteenth-Century Domestic Site 44NN69 is situated on a knoll on the east edge of Flax Mill Creek in a cultivated field and is located on the western boundary of Area D (see Figure 11) Identified by the VRCA in 1981 the site was characterized by a surface scatter of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century1 domestic artifacts These materials were recovered from an area measuring approximately 100 f1 (3018 m) in diameter Included within the artifact assemblage were English clay tobacco pipe stems and

I I ceramic fragments The ceramic types recovered consisted of fragments of William Rogers coarseI earthenware Staffordshire iron glaze earthenware

I I and fragments of an Iberian olive jar Surface

collections of artifacts have been made from the site by local collectors since it was identified in 1981

II These materials consisting of bottle glass pipe stems and ceramics reflect colonial period occupation of the site (see Appendix A)

Ii The site was reexamined during the survey of Area D The survey had two objectives to determine whether the site boundaries extended beyond those identified in 1981 and to determine whether the site contained components not identified during the initial Ii

II survey Since artifact surface collections were made on the site on numerous occasions during the past decade no surface collections were made within the site boundaries as identified in 1981 Plowed areas immediately adjacent to the site were examined to determine the horizontal distribution of artifacts

I I

37

I

These materials were systematically collected (Figure 31) (see Figure 11) A single shovel test (0-427) was placed at this location The soil profile consisted of an olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam plowzone (Layer A) that measured 80 ft (2438 em) thick (Figure 32) The plowzone which overlay a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay subsoil contained fragments of mortar and dark green bottle glass

A light scatter of eighteenth- and nineteenthshycentury artifacts was recovered from Transects 61 64 68 70 72 and 78 and immediately east and north of the original site boundaries Domestic and architectural debris consisted of fragments of bottle glass including a late nineteenth-century solarized glass bottle neck as well as Chinese porcelain coarse earthenware and haQdmade and machine made brick These materials were found in association with a light scatter of prehistoric artifacts Transecl 64 yielded one chert core fragment lWO fragmenls of quartz debitage and one fragment of metavolcanic debitage The distribution of artifacts beyond the original boundaries of the sile indicated that it measures approximately 650 f1 (19812 m) long and 350 f1 (10668 m) wide

Recommendation Although the site has been plowed the Phase I research results indicate that it has a high potential for containing intact subplowzone features These resources may be associated with seventeenth- and eigliteenth-century Mathews Manor and Denbigh Plantation In view of the research results Site 44NN69 is potentially significant under Criterion D for eligibility to the National Register ot Historic Places and a Phase II archaeological evaluation is recommended

Site 44NN68 Prehistoric Site 44NN68 is located in a cultivated field along the weSlern boundary of the prison farm property It is located approximately 150 fet (4572 m) south of Site 44NN69 and is situated at an elevation of approximately 25 f1 (762 m) above mean sea level The site is bounded by Flax Mill Creek and the Denbigh Plantation Housing development on the west (see Figure 26) As discussed in Chapter 2 Site 44NN68 was identified by staff of the VRCA in 1981 The site was estimated to measure approximately 25 f1 (762 m) in diameter The current survey identified an expanded boundary for this site with dimensions of approximately 100 f1 (3018 m) north-south by 160

397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284

~ I AREA SURVEYED BY ESPEY HUSTON

AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet


0- NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST o 100 meters -=-shyKEY

Figure 31 Plan of Sites 44NN69 44NN284 alld Location D-S

38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12

40 - -16 centimeters inches

KEY

A - Olive Brown (25Y54) Safldy Loam Plowzone B - Light Olive Brown (25Y56) Silty Clay Subsoil


ft (4876 m) east-west A total of 3 pieces of quartz debitage 1 piece of quartzite debitage and 14 fragments of fire-cracked rock was recovered from Transects 91 94 and 95 in this area No diagnostic lithic artifacts or prehistoric ceramic sherds were found The soil profile consisted of a light olive brown (25Y5j4) sandy loam plow zone (Layer A) that measured 9 ft (2743 cm) thick (Figure 33) The plow zone was over a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay subsoil (Layer B) The site appears to have very limited remains based on the artifact scatter

Recommendation Due to the lack of diagnostic artifacts and the low density widely scattered nature of recovered debitage Site 44NN68 is judged not potentially sigllilicant under Criterion D and not eligible to the National Register of Historic Places No rurther work is recommended

Site 44NN284 Prehistoric Procuremellt Camp Site 44NN284 is located in a cultivated field approximately 1300 ft (39624 m) northeast of Site 44NN69 and is situated approximately 500 f1 (15240 m) southwest of the intersection of Youngs Road and Menchville Road (see Figures 11 and 31) The site is located approximately 1400 ft (42672 m) east of Flax Mill Creek and 1500 ft (45720 m) west of Deep Creek

00

10 4 A

8

30

20

128 centimeters inches

KEY




Transects 1 5 6 and 8 at this location yielded a light scatter (n = 6) of prehistoric artifacts from an area measuring approximately 160 ft (4876 m) in diameter The artifact assemblage consisted of three fragments of quartz debitage one proximal fragment of a quartz biface one distal fragment of a hafted biface out of metavolcanic stone and one fragment of sand tempered ceramic (see Appendix A) The artifact assemblage recovered from the site indicates that it most likely served as a Woodland Period procurement camp where activities such as tool manufacture and tool retouching took place The low density of material suggests that the site may have only been briefly occupied

A single shovel test (0-433) placed at the site revealed a light olive brown (25Y5j4) sandy loam plowzone that measured 10 it (3018 cm) thick (Figure 34) Beneath the plowzonc was a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay mottled with light brownish gray (25Y62) sandy loam No artifacts were recovered from the shovel test

Reconmzendation In view of its low artifact density and plowed condition Site 44NN284 is judged not potentially significant under Criteria D for eligibility to the National Register and further archaeological work is not recommended

I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY


B - Light Olive Brown (25Y56) Silty Clay Mottled With Light Brownish Gray (25Y62)

Sandy Loam


Location D-4 Nineteenth-Century Domestic Location D-4 is si~uated in a cultivated field approximately 1900 ft (57912 m) south of Site 44NN284 and approximately 150 ft (4572 m) west of the intersection of City Farm Road and Menchville Road (Figure 35)(see Figure 11)

Recovered along Transects 84 and 87 at this location was a light scatler of nineteenth-century artifacts over an area measuring approximately 250 ft (7620 m) by 60 ft (1828 m) The artifact assemblage consisled of two fragments of handmade brick one fragment of whiteware two fragments of stoneware and one fragment of bottle glass This material may be indicative of a domestic site at this location during the nineteenth-century However since artifacts were relatively widely dispersed at this location were recovered along only two transects and were low density the assemblage may be general field scatter

A single shovel test was placed at this site in order to assess the soil The soil profile of Shovel Test D-431 revealed a light olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam plowzone (Layer A) that measured 10 ft

40

I (3018 cm) thick (Figure 36) The plowzone was over a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay Artifacts Iconsisted of a fragment of quartz debitage and a piece of indeterminant coarse earthenware

IRecommendation The Phase I research results indicate that Location D-4 is judged neither

I 1

significant nor potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D and further archaeological work is not recommended

I 1

Location D-5 Nineteenth- and Early TwentiethshyCentury Domestic Location D-5 is in a cultivated

--1field approximately 840 ft (25351 m) north of Location D-4 and 150 ft (4572 m) west of Menchville Road (see Figures 11 and 31) A light I scatter of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century

I 1

artifacts was recovered along Transect 50 at this location This material was dispersed over an area measuring approximately 200 ft (6096 m) long and

I 140 to 50 ft (1219 to 1524 m) wide The artifact

assemblage consisted of one fragment of machine made brick one nail fragment two fragments of whiteware and one fragment of bottle glass This material may be indicative of a domestic site at this location during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries As for Location D-4 the artifacts recovered from Location D-5 may represent general field scatter This is suggested by the fact that the artifacts are low density and relatively widely dispersed along a single transect

One shovel test (D-432) was placed at this location The soil profile was characterized by an lighl olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam plowzone over a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay subsoil (Figure 37) No artifacts were recovered from the shovel test

Recommendation The Phnse I resenrch results indicate that Location D-5 is judged neither signilicant nor potentially eligible to the Natiollnl Register under Criterion D and further archaeological work is not recommended

Location D-6 - Historic Domestic Location Dmiddot 6 lies in a cultivated field approximately 40 flo (1219 m) southeast of site 44NN68 and 300 ft (9144 m) southeast ofSite 44NN69 (see Figures 11 35 and 36) A light scatter of brick fragments and cinders was recovered from an area measuring 80 ft (2438 m) by

I II II1 I

Ii o 2QO feet----shyo 100 meters LOCATION 0-4

LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376

0375 0373 bull - POSITIVE SHOVEL TEST

0374 0- NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST

Figure 35 Plan of Locations D-4 and D-7

41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy

40 shy 16 centimeters inches

KEY

A - Light Olive Brown (2SYS4) Sandy Loam Plowzone

B - Light Olive Brown (2SYS6) Silty Clay


o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY

A - Light Olive Brown (25YS4) Sandy Loam Plow zone

B - Light Olive Brown (2SYS6) Silty Clay Subsoil


80 ft (2438 m) only one ceramic fragment a Yorktown Coarse earthenware was found in association with the scatter Artifacts recovered from

42

I Location D-6 may represent farm building remains or may simply be field scatter They were low in I density lack diagnostic elements and were fairly widely dispersed I

A shovel test (Shovel Test D-430) placed at this location revealed a light olive brown (2SY54) sandy loam plowzone (Layer A) that measured 70 ft I(2133 m) thick The plowzone was over a light olive brown (25Y5j6) silty clay subsoil (Layer B)(Figure 38) No artifacts were recovered from the shovel test I

I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy

30 12 I centimeters inches

1

I KEY I1


B - Light Olive Brown (2SYS6) Silty Clay Subsoil I I 1Figure 38 Profile of Shovel Test D-430

Recommendation The Phase I research results indicate that Location D-6 is judged neither

I I

significant nor potentially eligibility to the National Register under Criterion D and further archaeological work is not recommended

I I

Location D-7 Prehistoric Location D-7 is located in a cultivated field in Area D some 200 ft (6096 m) south of Location D-4 (see Figures 11 35 I and 36) It consists of a light scatter of oyster shell measuring approximately 60 ft (1828 m) by GO ft I (1828 m) No iutifacts were found in association with this scatter although a few widely dispersed I

I I

fragments of lithic debitage were recovered south of this location Location D-7 consists only of a small low density scatter of shell It may be related to Location D-4 a prehistoric artifacts scatter located north of the area a few fragments of debitage widely scattered south of Location D-7 may also be associated with Location DA

A single shovel test (Shovel Test D-426) was placed at this location The profile of Shovel Test Dshy7 revealed a light olive brown (25Y54) sandy loam plowzone that measured 10 ft (308 cm) thick Beneath the plowzone was a light olive brown (25Y56) silty clay subsoil (Layer B)(Figure 39) No artifacts were recovered from the shovel test

A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY




Recommendation The Phase I research results indicate that Location 0-7 is judged neither signiticant nor potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion 0 and further archaeological workis not recommendedbull

AreaE

Area E is the smallest of the five areas within the project area This area is located approxi~ately 1600 ft (48768 m) southeast of the intersection of Youngs Road and Menchville Road (see Figure 11)

43

It comprises a relatively long narrow sloping wooded finger terrace that extends into Deep Creek immediately south from the Newport News landflll The landform is bounded on the east by the main channel of Deep Creek and on the west by a marshy tributary of the creek

In 1980 a Civil War camp site (44NN51) was identified at the south end of the landform (see Figure 11) It is estimated that the site extends from themiddot base of the terrace at the creeks edge some 32810 ft (100 m) up the landform and is approximately 6562 ft (20 m) wide Recovered from the site were fragments of bottle glass brick clothing hooks nails fragments of spoons and pieces of an iron pot

Additional shovel testing was undertaken on the site during the investigation of Area E A total of 23 shovel test pits was excavated along the crest and base of the landform (Figure 40) Soil profiles were characterized by well-developed sandy loams The uppermost layer (Layer A) measuring from 30 up to 110 ft (914 to 3352 cm) thick consisted of an olive brown (25Y44) sandy silt loam (Figure 41) Beneath Layer A was a layer of yellowish brown (10YR58) sandy clay subsoil

Shovel tests yielded a sparse quantity (n=8) of artifacts Shovel Test E-354 contained a single fragment of oyster shell while Shovel Test E-355 contained three fragments of oyster shell and a nail fragment Shovel Test 423 yielded a cut nail Shovel Test 424 contained a fragment or bottle glass and Shovel Test 425 contained a brick fragment Approximately 60 ft (1828 m) south of Shovel Test EA23 exposed on the surface of the bank at the at the base of the terrace was a small artifact concentration This concentration measured approximately 10 ft (304 m) by 4 ft (121 m) It consisted of handmade bricks oyster shell and a cut nail and nail fragments Shovel Tests 357 358 359 and 360 placed immediately adjacent to the surface concentration on the north cOl1lained no artifacts

It is possible that the architectural debris identified in the surface scatter is associated with a military camp However the presence of the material at the foot of the terrace suggests that it may have been dumped and scattered at this location possibly during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century

I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1

Figure 40 Plan of Site 44NN5J showing location of shovel tests

o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY

POSITIVE - SHOVEL TeST


~ N

I 200 feet - 100 meters

Remnants of a road bed which may have been used for access to this location were identified on the crest of the terrace approximately 300 ft (9144 m) north of the surface concentration

Recommendation A Civil War era map and the results of the 1980 investigation identified the presence of military camp~related resources at this location (see Figure 5) However additional shovel testing at Site 44NN51 during the investigation of Area E did not identity archaeological resources

44

which could conclusively be identified as the remains ~f a military camp The research results suggest Ithat the low density artifact scatter recovered toward the base of the narrow sloping lantlform most likely represents late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century domestic and architectural refuse dumped and I scattered at this location Consequently Site 44NNSl is not judged significant or potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D -I

I

and further archaeological work is not recommended I

I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY

A - Olive Brown (2SY44) Sandy Silt Loam B - Yellowish Brown (l0YR58) Sandy Clay Subsoil

Figure 41 Profile oj Shovel Test E-347

Survey Etlectiveness

The purpose of this Phase I archaeological survey was to provide a preliminary statement on the nature and distribution of archaeological resources located within the project area The effectiveness of any survey is contingent upon the theory and methods employed The most-obvious limitation of this survey is that approximately one-third of the project area has substantial ground cover Shovel testing cannot always be relied upon to detect sites which have sparse or restricted remains In most cases shovel testing provides preliminary assessment of subsurface conditions and an initial basis for determining site location As an effort to control the biases inherent in shovel testing fill from the shovel test units was screened through 14-in (64-cm) mesh Consequently it is felt the survey has met its intended goals and _ has identified the major occupation sites within the project area

45

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l11

46

CHAPTERS Architectural Survey

II III I

II III A Phase I architectural evaluation was primarily a farm throughout its first three and a half

conducted in June 1992 to evaluate structures 50 centuries except for an ill-fated attempt to legislate

years or older for the proposed construction of the a town into existence in the late seventeenth century Riverview Farm Park in the City of Newport News

Survey Metbodology

I Virginia The investigation covered the current extent of the Newport News City Farm excluding the Hampton Roads Sanitation District plant and the I Newport News City Landfill (see Figure 2)

A color-keyed USGS map of the Mulberry Island quadrangle was examined to determine that the study area would have to be field visited Existing Lopographical maps at the VDHR in Richmond were 1I

reviewed to determine which structures had been previously identified and if there were any properties 011 the National Register of Historic Places This search revealed that no structures in the project area II

are currently on the National Register of Historic Places and that no standing structures in the project area have been previously identified The projectIi1 I route was surveyed photographs were taken of buildings more than 50 years old that had not been recorded previously and VDHR Brief Survey Forms were completed (Appendix C) Locations of structures were numbered on the USGS maps in sequence of identification the buildings were later given VDHR structure numbers No known or potential historic districts exist within the project boundaries

o 4000 feet

bull~ii_o kilometers

Arcbitectural Resources in tbe Project Area Figure 42 Historic stmctures idelltified during survey

The project area consists of the Newport News The prison farm complex was established in City Farm in the City of Newport News Virginia the late 1930s The last of the farms on the property The project area is approximately 280 a situated at is represented by several buildings including Structure the confluence of the James and Warwick RiVers (see 121-103 a 1937 Colonial Revival farmhouse The Figure 2) The current plans from the Newport News house is a typical two-story three-bay gable roofed planning department call for adaptive reuse of the farmhouse found across Virginia in various regions major farm structures on City Farm and demolition A modern one-story shed has been attached to the of the barracks building south and east elevations The farm has lost its

historic outbuildings except for the smokehouse well The project area comprises two complexes that and gateposts along the farm road The farmhouse

demonstrate the diverse land use of this place during faces towards the north away from the James River the twentieth century (Figure 42) The land was which only lies approximately 150 ft(453 m) to the

47

I south The house is currently utilized as storage however it was formerly the prison directors Iresidence

The prison farm complex is located north of the barracks The complex focuses on a wellshy I preserved large brick two-story gambrel roofed barn built in 1938 The barn has its original milking stalls and pens An earthen ramp rises to the second floor I on the north elevation The ramp on the prison barn is on the north elevation while the roof line runs north-south The prison farm complex also includes Imany modern outbuildings and several mid-twentiethshycentury outbuildings Several large fields are currently used for pasture Approximately 100 acres are currently in crop cultivation at the Newport News I City Farm

The Newport News City Farm (121-104) was I established ca 1930 The prison barracks were

I

completed in 1931 and expanded in the late 1970s The prison barracks is a one-story U-shaped building that houses approximately 150 inmates The building

1includes a boiler room on the east elevation and is symmetrical on each elevation There is a modern kitchen (1986) on the north elevation and a trailer I has been incorporated on the south elevation to house

I I

work release prisoners The prison offices were previously in the barracks however they have been rn~yed to a modular building at a different location The barracks complex is completed by a small garden t

and a small frame outbuilding that houses the hole IThe hole was used for solitary confinement

The Riverview Farm Park Master Plan adopted in July 1991 calls for the preservation I interpretation and ongoing use of the park as an I example of a working farm from the early twentieth century The barn farmstead and other related Istructures are of local historical significance and are to be preserved as part of the farm park Active and passive recreation facilities are to be integrated into Ithe farm park as laid out in the Master Plan

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48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road

The house is a two-story three-bay double- pile gable-roofed farms lead The house constructed of frame with a layer of brick veneer is organized on a center passage plan and the centered entrance is embellished with a Colonial Revival door surround that has a broken pediment The pediment is interrupted by a torch a typical Colonial Revival motif Double window units on the north elevation have six-over-six sash The house sits on a brick basement foundation and has a pair of external asymmetrical gable-end chimneys The chimney on the west elevation is probably a stove or furnace flue and is off-set The gable-ends are adorned with minimal gable-end returns A wrap-around one-story shed addition on the south and east elevations formerly housed engine repair classes The farmstead has lost its outbuildings except for the smokehouse (early twentieth century) well (nineteenth or twentieth century probably rebuilt) and the gateposts (early twentieth century) There was formerly a garden south of the house The house was the residence of the prisons director but in the last fifteen years it has been used for storage The James River lies directly to the south The farm included approximately 260 acres by the early 1930s A large complex of agricultural buildings includes many buildings constructed in the last fifteen years Several buildings date to the initial period of construction including a large two-story brick barn (1938) The barn was constructed with prison labor and there is great attention to detail The barn has a gamiddotmbrel roof and a hay hood on the south elevation The north elevation has a large earthen ramp to the second floor and a silo is present The milking stalls are still eXiant as are the animal pens on the first floor The second floor is currently utilized solely as a hay loft The framing system utilized a double rrame to accommodate the heavy load from the roof The barn is still in everyday lISC and is in excellcnt condition

1937 (house) 1938 (barn)

No impact the buildings are to be preserved

Not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criteri~1 A or C The complex is a typical early twentieth-century farmstcad withoUl any signilicanl architectural features WhiJe the use of the farm for a prison is somewhat unusual other farms of this type exist and retain grealer integrity

No further work is required but additional historical and architectural documentation is suggested for interpretative purposes

49

I

Figure 43 Structure 121-103 main house north elevation 1938

Figure 44 Stntcture 121-103 gateposts early twentieth century

50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl

Figure 45 Structure 121-103 well nineteenth or twentieth century probably rebuilt

Figure 46 Structure 121-103 City Fam bam

51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I

City Farm Prison Barracks and Buildings

City Farm Road I The Newport News City Farm was established ca 1930 The farmstead was cOllverted from a family farm to a prison farm A large one-story U-shaped prison barracks was erected to house the inmates The barracks appear to be constructed of frame and are I covered in a thick layer of stucco However the stucco may cover concrete block There is a modem kitchen ell on the north side of the barracks complex and a trailer has been incorporated into the complex to house work release prisoners The barracks Icomplex is completed with a small garden that provides vegetables for the prisoners The hole is an innocuous looking small white frame outbuilding that housed a chair and was used for solitary confinement A small complex of Civil War earthworks south Iof the barracks lies directly adjacent to the river defending the mouth of the Warwick River probably Confederate earthworks

1931 1977 1978 (additions to barracks) 1986 (kitchen) I Direct barracks to be demolished INot eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A or C

No further work is required I

52

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Figure 47 Structure 121-104 City Fann prison ban-aces south and east elevatiollS

Figure 48 Structure 121-104 City Fann prison ban-acks north and west elevations

53

Figure 49 Structure 121-104 City Fann prison the hole

S4

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Architectural Summary and Recommendations

The proposed construction of the Riverview Farm Park includes two complexes that are 50 or more years of age the prison farmstead (including the farmhouse barn smokehouse well and gateposts) and the barracks These complexes are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places either under individual merit or as contributing elements to a historic district however the prison farmstead may have local significance One of the two complexes the farmstead will be subject to adaptive reuse while the other the barracks will be removed Several modern trailers and outbuildings that litter the landscape do not contribute to either complex The barn is a noteworthy structure apparently constructed with prison labor The barn appears to be in excellent condition and should serve the park well No further work is required as neither complex is eligible for nomination to the National Register however additional historical and architectural documentation of the prison farm buildings is suggested

55

56

Research Summary

1 Phase I background research and testing within recommended for Site 44NN69 Site 44NN278 Site 44NN280 and Site 44NN281 to assess theirthe project area has identified the presence ofIiI archaeological significance in light of criteria forarchaeological resources dating to the seven~enth

eighteenth nineteenth and early twentieth centuries eligibility to the National Register (Figure 50) The research results indicate that no further work isThese resources include prehistoric sites and trace

remains of ephemeral prehistoric occupations the warranted for Sites 44NN284 44NN68 44NN51 and

remains of military occupation associated with the Locations A-1 A-2 B-6 C-3 0-4 and 0-5

Civil War and the seventeenth- eighteenth-

I nineteenth- and early twentieth-century remains of Several roads that run through or near the

II domestic occupations The remains of early historic projecL area have been identified as historic Both domestic sites identified within two separate sections Menchville Road and a current farm road that runs

Areas A and 0 of the project area could potentially from Oenbigh Plantation to Menchville Road appear

II Ii

be associated with historic Mathews Manor Oenbigh to date to the nineteenth century (Figure 51) The Plantation or Warwicktown in the seventeenth and 1907 USGS quadrangle shows a dirt road running eighteenth centuries The relatively high density of from Menchville to the site of either the Almshouse archaeological resources in the project area spanning or farmstead (see Figure 7) [n addition a network prehistoric and nearly three centuries of historic of dirt farm roads creating a grid with the hisloric occupation is consistent with previous archaeological road system dates to at least the early twentieth work in the immediate vicinity century (see Figure 7) (USGS 1907) While these

roads are not eligible for nomination to the National Several sites have been identified in the Register of Historic Places they possess local

immediate vicinity of and within the project area significance as an early road system This early road With the exception of excavations undertaken by Noel system should be preserved and utilized whenever Hume at the Oenbigh Plantation site (44NN38) possible The dirt farm roads may also represent immediately west of the project area little has been earlier field patterns and should be investigated documented beyond the survey level about the further through historic documents research archaeological resources in the area

The work plans for the recommended Phase II In light of the potential archaeological evaluations of Site 44NN69 Site 44NN278 44NN280

significance of many of these resources and their and Site 44NN281 should include further historical usefulness in interpreting the historical development research mapping and systematically placed 25 x25 of the project area the archaeological resources ft test units Hand excavation of the test units should identified during the Phase I investigation may prove be augmented by a series of subsequent machineshyto be a valuable part of the Peninsulas rich historical assisted test cuts in areas of high archaeological and archaeological data base potential

Recommendations Preservation Plnn

A total of nine archaeological sites and six Several preservation options for cultural locations was identified in the project area including resources at Riverview Farm Park are discussed in three sites (44NN51 44NN68 and 44NN69) which this section They range from site preservation to had been previously identified Phase II full-scale excavation and interpretation For each archaeological significance evaluations have been option an outline description of the plans potential

57

CHAPTER Research Summary Rearaquommendations and Preservation Plan

0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters

Figure 50 Project area showing iocation of potentially significant archaeoigicai sites

58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

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Ii

bullI j

II

~ ltj[JW -- ~~~ ~middot~l~~~~~~~middotlt NINETEENTH-CENTURY ROADS

O 800 feet -=-shyo 200 meters

Figure 51 Project area showing location oj historic roads

59

and an assessment of feasibility has been included While the options have not been prioritized they have been generally ordered based on their potential cost and the effort required Each of these options can be integrated into the 1991 Riverview Farm Park Master Plan (Figure 52) The relationship of significant cultural resources located during this survey to the specific development plans identified in the Master Plan cannot be completely addressed without additional evaluation of the significant sites as recommended above Without detailed information regarding the size nature and integrity of the sites it is impossible to assess the impact of the planned activities on the significant cultural resources While the Master Plan does not generally seem to conflict with the overall development plans completion of Phase (( evaluations of significant sites is critical for assessing potential impact from deVelopment

Option 1 - No Action

This plan entails no further work with regard to the preservation of the sites identified during the Phase I survey no additional evaluation of their historical and archaeological significance and no further exploration of their educational use or public interpretation A No Action plan is not feasible for two primary reasons the historical significance of the property and the importance of its presentation to the public and the legal requirements for the management of cultural resources This latter issue is particularly important in view of state and federal laws governing cultural resources If state or federal funds are to be used in the future development of the park funding would be contingent upon the adequate investigation of cultural resources This Phase I study is the initial step in this process however additional work may be required if development will disturb potentially eligible sites Specific recommendations are also dependent upon a review of the Phase I results by appropriate state or federal agencies (such as VDHR)

Option 2 - Preservation

The preservation of the archaeological resources identified on the property is very important The preservation of all of these resources however may not be realistic in view of the plans for the development of the park As stated in the research results site locations and their approximate boundaries have been identified While the

preservation of the sites is an option this would not provide adequate information for the interpretation of these sites to the public In addition the preservation of the four sites recommended for Phase II Evaluation would require that significant portions of the project area (Le Area 2 Site 44NN278) not be developed If development plans encompass any portion of these sites then preservation would not be a feasible option (see Recommendations section)

Preservation of a site should include maintenance of adequate buffer areas around the site appropriate ground cover to prevent erosion marking of the site to prevent disturbance education of park and city employees regarding the appropriate action for planning work in the vicinity of the site maintenance of overall site plans clearly marking the boundaries and buffers for each site (these should be provided to all city departments) and surveillance of sites to prevent unauthorized digging by unlrained looters

Option 3 - Additional Evaluation of Potentililly Significant Sites

A significance evaluation plan for Siles 44NN69 44NN278 44NN280 and 44NN281 is a feasible option As stated in the research results these sites contain potentially significant archaeological resources The survey results however contain only preliminary information about the nature of the sites type age size and potential significance all served as the basis for the recommendations It should be noted that the historical and archaeological significance of the sites has not been fully determined at the Phase I leveL Hence future development plans for the park should include additional evaiuation of these significant resources Complete or partial excavation of any site for development purposes would require completion of a Phase II significance evaluation (see Opti(m 4) of the resource prior to construction as part of the initial stage of the research planning process

The Phase II evaluation of potentially significant sites would involve additionnl close inlerval shovel testing (to to 20 f1) of the site area to determine artifact concentrations excavation of selected test units (25 x 25 ft units) in areas of high artifact density to determine the presence and integrity of features such as trash pits foundations wells etc and the assessment of the research

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II 1 bullI II

Harwick River

City of Newpon News Department oC Planning md Development Department of Parks Dnd Recreation Plan Approved by Menchville Park Task Furce June 24 1991 Plan Adopcd by Newport News Ciy Council July 231991

0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor

Figure 52 RivelView Fam Park Master Plan map (990)

61

I

I potential of the site based on artifacts recovered and research concerns important to both the scholarly features located All of these testing methods would community and the general public If the site will be I be applied after locating appropriate datum points interpreted to the general public as called for in the and establishing a master grid for horizontal mapping Master Plan (1990) research questions should be and control of the site In addition the original developed in order to facilitate understanding of the Ishovel testing close interval testing and test unit significance of the site A complete or partial excavation would be used to determine the precise excavation of one of the significant sites should begin boundaries of the site The information recovered with additional historical research to develop an Iduring this evaluation would provide the base data for adequate context for this excavation This additional designing future research and excavation of the site research would be combined with the results of the

I OJ

Phase II evaluation to develop a specific plan of Option 4 bull Excavation excavation Below-ground investigation of these sites

would likely be completed using block excavation 1 Excavation of significant sites identified within guided by th~ results of previous research This

the project area is a feasible option however the excavation should be designed to sample the site in a Idevelopment of research plans is contingent upon the representative manner and at the same time completion of work outlined in Option 3 In general preserve a portion for future study The excavationmiddot the excavation plans should be guided by two primary of a site as well as its evaluation (see Option 3) considerations First the field and research methods could be integrated into the interpretation and I employed in data recovery should follow guidelines education program of the park It is important that established by the Virginia Department of Historic the actual excavation be conducted under the Resources This will insure that project methods superVision of a qualified archaeologist possibly an I meet minimal standards which will increase the value advanced graduate student intern from a local

deg 1 of the research results Second the excavation plans university The general public college and school should identify both general and specific research students and organizations such as the local chapter Iissues which may be addressed by data recovered of the Archaeological Society of Virginia could be from archaeological resources on the sites For effectively involved in an excavation of this type This example an important research issue for Site type of project requires careful planning and 44NN278 which archaeological and historical monitoring to avoid the site damage inevitably caused I evidence suggests may be associated with seventeenthshy by uncompleted excavation units haphazard

I J

and eighteenth-century Warwicktown is the question techniques and inadeq)Jate documenlation The of townurban formation processes in Tidewater project sponsor must keep in mind that the site can during the early colonial period These processes as only be excavated once and it cannot be reclaimed if evidenced by the location and orientation of buildings it is not excavated properly tbe first time und related features have been examined through Iarchaeological and historical research at Option 5 - Educational Programs for College andomiddot contemporary Gloucestertown at Gloucester Point on Public School Students and the General Public the York River and more recently along the historic waterfront of the City of Hampton (Hazzard and The archaeological resources identified may I McCartney 1987 Higgins et al 1989) Research at potentially afford excellent hands on experience for historic locations such as these has addressed specific college andor public school students in site research questions including material culture and excavation Field schools seminars and site tours landscape studies for individual households and house have proven to be highly effective teaching devices at IOlS as evidenced by the locations and types of yard many archaeological sites in Colonial Williamsburg features deposits and also at sites excavated by the William and Mary

Center for Archaeological Research The educational Excavation of a site would be a relatively major option can be effectively used for the completion of

undertaking Because of the destructive nature of Options 3 and 4 (see above) As discllssed above the archaeological excavation a complete research plan archaeology program could be administered by an should be developed both to coordinate the advanced graduate student intern or by a qualified excavation proccgt with the previous work at the park part-time staff archaeologist The archaeology and in the vicinity and also to address particular program and the use of students for excavation should

62

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bullI IbullI I

be carefully integrated into the overall interpretive plan for the park The interpretation could be coordinated with the local school system to create specific educational experiences for various age groups and program interests (such as local history state history environmental history) The goals of an archaeology program should be to provide the visitor with an understanding of both the process and product of archaeology The educational uses of the archaeology program and the interpretive program can be extremely varied and need not focus only on history For instance a mathematics teacher may want to integrate a visit to the site into a demonstration of the application of mathematic principles such as using an x-y grid system and triangulation to real life situations Ideally the archaeological coordinator would develop classroom materials relating to the site that could be used by teachers in preparing a visit to the park This could range from explanations and games dealing with archaeology as a subject of study to understanding and investigating the cultural history of specific groups such as African-Americans

Option 6a - Interpretation of Cultural Resources

The Phase research results provide preliminary information on site type age size location and potential significance for sites identified within the project area Much of what is known about each site at this initial stage of investigation is derived from limited testing of the sites and a historical overview of the property While the interpretation of the resources to the public based on lhe Phase J level of research is feasible the extent of information that can be conveyed is quite limited The interpretation of cultural resources as part of the park program would be better achieved by at least the completion of Option 3 This would permit the archaeological and historical significance of the resources within the park to be better evaluated for National Register status and would also provide more comprehensive data for developing an interpretive plan for the pUblic

This interpretive plan might consist of a presentation of significant sites through a small museum display in the visitors center Historical background information could be integrated with artifacts and photographs of the excavation to develop thematic discussions of the sites and their importance for understanding the history of the area and region

63

The themes addressed might focus on the development of Warwicktown plantation life seventeenth through twentieth-century farm life and the Civil War Sites appropriate for discussing themes could be presented as discussed above and walking trails could be developed around the site areas H active archaeological fieldwork is planned it could be worked into the public interpretation and walking trails

Option 6b bull Integration of Cultural and Natural Interpretations

A second appropriate interpretive plan would present the archaeological and architectural resources within the context of their environmental setting This proposed option can be viewed as an integral part of the ongoing regional effort cond ucted by organizations such as the Virginia Institute of Marine Science and the Chesapeake Bay Foundation to determine the effects of land use changes on the Chesapeake Bay To date evidenc supporting links between land use changes and environmental quality have been derived mostly from urban and industrial land and water studies By correlating historical land use practices of the Warwicktown and Mathews Manor jDenbigh Plantation sites with vegetative cover types landforms and water sources it may be possible to show what role the cultural and natural landscape have played in protecting or damaging the Bay environment over the past three hundred years Using this model current land use patterns and problems might be explored in an effort to develop solutions that draw on the lessons of the past Potential research questions and issues might include the economic and material relationships of early colonists with the Bay environment early health issues associated with cullural impacts on the Bay (ie Carville Earles article Environment Disease and Mortality ill Early Virginia (Earle 1979raquo and the impact of both historic and modern agriculture and fisheries on the Bay landscape and environment This type of environmental approach is especially appropriate for the Riverview Farm Park hecause of its prominent location along the Wurwick and Jamc rivers and because of its importance as one of the last remaining tracts of farmed land in this portion of the city along these vital waterways

Under Option 5b the Prison Wardens House would be presented as a self-guided exhibit exploring

I the relationships between the cultural and natural environment In such a scenario the house and farm I buildings would represent cultural artifacts the James River and Chesapeake Bay would represent the environmental system of which the farm was a part Iand the nearby waste water treatment center and landfill would represent recent cultural components related to the preservation of the environmental Isystem The evolution of historic land use patterns and human activity could be explored from the perspective of the impact of the historic patterns and activities on current patterns and activities (such as I the sewage treatment plant and landfill) Exhibits

and interpretive programs would use archaeological site information and the farm house as an historic I frame of reference and the sewage treatment plant and landfill as a modern frame of reference i

Organizations such as the Chesapeake Bay Foundation or the Virginia Institute of Marine I Science could serve as consultants for explanation of the natural components I

This preservation option could confer

I 1

tremendous benefits to the community by providing a laboratory for cultural and environmental research and education Few opportunities exist to study and

I )model the evolution of rural land use frum prior to

the seventeenth century to the present particularly within a single landscape No one place that offers opportunities for interpreting land use practices from 1 the pre-colonial period to present The Riverview Farm Park is unique in that it represents a I microcosm where cultural and environmental aspects

I 1of seventeenth- through twentieth-century life can be

studied in context and in continuity

This interpretive plan might utilize both a museum display at the visitor center and walking trails for site visits Both of these presentations I should integrate natural and cultural resources and

I I

the important relationships that exist between these resources This approach can also address the historical background of current issues such as the health of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries I

I 1

II 64 II

I

---~

Adams Cary Young 1990

Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951

Binford Lewis R 1964

Cram TJ 1862

Davis Emma-Jo L 1968

Downing Charles M 1991

Gardner William M 1982

1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED

Letter of February 23 1990 Photocopy on fIle at The William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research Williamsburg

A Compilation of Fluted Points of Eastern North America By Count and Distribution An AENA Project Archaeology of Eastem North America 1027-46

A History of Newport News Prior to 1940 Senior History Project Randolph-Macon College Ashland Virginia Copy on fIle at the Virginia State Library Richmond

Archaeological and Etlmohistorical Investigation of Cultural Diversity and Progressive Development Among Aboriginal Cultures of Coastal Virginia alld North Carolina PhD dissertation Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor

Copy of a Map Sheet No 1 Military Reconnaissance Department of Virginia In TIle Official Military Atlas of the Civil War edited by George B Davis et a1 Fairfax Press New York (1983) Plate XVIII No1

Mulberry Island and the Civil War April 1861-May 1862 Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association Fort Eustis Virginia

Hampton Virginia as a Changing Urban Center 1680-1860 Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology Manuscript on file at The William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research Williamsburg

Early and Middle Woodland in the Mid-Atlantic An Overview In Practicillg Environmental Archaeology Methods and Interpretatiolls edited by R W Moller pp American Indian Institute Washington Connecticut

A Preliminary Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of the Proposed Appalachian Power Company 765 KV Axton to Jacksons Ferry Transmission Line Report on fIle at the Library Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Richmond

Personal communication

Mathews Manor Antiques December832-836

No title TIle Ironworker Autumn4-9

---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA

1862a Yorktown to Williamsburg April 1862 Campaign Map Army of the Potomac No1 ICopy on file at the Virginia Historical Society Richmond

1862b Yorktown to Williamsburg September 1862 Campaign Map Army of the Potomac INo1 In The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War edited by George B Davis et al Fairfax Press New York (1983) Plate XVIII No2

Hunter Robert R Jr and Thomas F Higgins III I 1985

1989

Jester Annie Lash 1961

Lewis Kenneth E Jr 1975

McKnight Floyd 1959

Morgan Edmund S 1975

Newhouse Michael E 1992

Nugent Nell Marion 1934

Opperman Anthony 1984

Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947

Phase I Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the Proposed Route 199 Project James --

City alld York Counties VIrginia Copy on file at The College of William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research Williamsburg I A Management Summary of a Combined Phase IPhase II Archaeological Investigation 1

at the proposed VIrginia Air and Space Center and Hampton Roads History Center City of Hampton Virginia Copy on file at The College of William and Mary Center for I Archaeological Research Williamsburg

I Newport News Vlrgillia 1607-1960 Whittet and Shepperson Richmond

IThe Jamestown Frontier An Archaeological Study of Colonization PhD dissertation - 1 Department of Anthropology University of Oklahoma Norman

I Warwick River Shire 1634-1957 In The History of Lower Tidewater VIrginia VolII edited by Rogers Dey Whichard pp Lewis Historical Publishing New York ~I American Slavery American Freedom Norton New York I Personal Communication Letter of March 26 regarding soil associations in project area I Cavaliers and Pioneers Abstracts ofVIrginia Land Patents and Grants 1623-1800 Voillme I Dietz Printing Company Richmond 1 An Archaeological Overview alld MaZagemelZt Plan of Fort Eustis and Fort Story Cities of Newport News and VIrginia Beach Virginia On file Mid-Atlantic Archaeological Research Inc Williamsburg )

II Plantations Artifacts Preserved by Builder Daily Press_ (April 26 1987)13

II Fifty Years Buildillg on the Warwick EV Publishing House Nappanee Indiana

1 66

I I

Turner E Randolph III 1976 An Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Study othe Evolution of Ranked Societies in the

litginia Coastal Plain PhD dissertation Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park

United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1907 Yorktown Virginia 75-minute quadrangle reprinted in 1944

Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation 1978 Draft Environmental Impact Statement Route 199 James City and York Counties On

file Vtrginia Department of Highways and Transportation Richmond

WPM (Anonymous) 1781 A Sketch of the east end of the peninsula where on is Hampton Copy on file at the

Virginia Historical Society Richmond VA

67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I

--=-- -- -- --- -- ---------------------==-=----=~--===----- ~ ~- ~ ~~--- _=-- _--a- _=-- _Il--__ - - shy - Newport News City Farm phase I Prehistoric Inventory Page

Provenience CLass Subclass 1 ___ K _____ W_~ __________________

Subclass 2

---shyRaw Material Weight(g) Quantity

--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------

44NN278 ST 134 Debitage Angular Blocky FragChunks 1-74 Cortex Quartz Provenience Total

44NN278 ST 170 Debitage 2ndryBiface Thinning Flake Noncortical Quartzi te Provenience Total

44NN278 ST 198 MiscUnmodified Stone 40 Provenience Total

44NN281 ST 263 Oebitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartzite Provenience Total

44NN281 ST 288 Debitage 2ndryBiface Thinning Flake Noncortical Quartzite Provenience Total

44NN281 ST 298 Debitage flake FragShatter Noncortical QUartzite Provenience Total

44NN281 ST 300 Debitage flake FragShatter Noncortical QUartzite Provenience Total 1

44NN281 ST 301 Construction Materials 3 Provenience Total 3

44NN282 ST 329 Debi tage PrimaryReduction Flake Noncortical Quartzite 1 Provenience Total

44NN282 ST 330 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical QUartzite 44NN282 ST 330 Debi tage PrimaryReduction Flake Noncortical QUartzite

provenience Total 2 44NN283 TR 129 Debitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex QUartz i te 44NN283TR 129 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncort i ca l Quartzfte 44NN283 TR 129 Fire-cracked Rock 1780 2 44NN283 TR 129 Fire-cracked Rock 14090 1 44NN283 TR 129 Fire-cracked Rock 18730 9

Provenience Total 14 44NN284 TR 001 Debitage PrimaryReduction Flake gt75 Cortex Quartz

Provenience Total 44NN284 TR 005 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical Quartz 44NN284 TR 005 Debitage Tested CobbleNodule Noncort i ca l Quartz 44NN284 TR 005 Unident Ceramic Eroded Sand Tempered 1

Provenience TotaL 3 44NN284 TR 006 8iface Stage 2 Proximal Fragment Quartz

Provenience Total

Newport News City farm Phase I Prehistoric Inventory Page 2

Provenience Class Subclass 1 Subclass 2 Raw Material Weight(g) Quantity -- -- _- - _-_ - - --_ _ -_ -_ ---shy------------------------- --- --------------------~---

44NN284 TR 008 Hafted Biface Unidentified Type Distal Fragment Metavolcanic Provenience Total

44NN68 SURF Debitage Flake F rag shatter 1-74 Cortex Quartz 44NN68 SURF Debitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartz 44NN68 SURF Debitage Flake Frag Shatter -74 Cortex Quartz 1 44NN68 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 19530 3 44NN68 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 26240 1 44NN68 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 40240 2 44NN68 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 41250 4 44NN68 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 48760 4

Provenience Total 17 44NN68 TR 091 Oebitage PrimaryReduction Flake 1-74 Cortex QUartzite

Provenience Total 44NN69 TR 064 Core Core Fragment Un dent Chert 44NN69 TR 064 Debitage Angular Blocky FragChunks Noncortical Quartz 44NN69 TR 064 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical Metavolcanic 44NN69 TR 064 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical Quartz 44NN69 TR 064 MiscUnmodified Stone 9290 11

Provenience Total 15 A ST 018 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical Quartz 1 A ST 018 Debitage Flake FragShatter Noncortical Quartzite 4

Provenience Total 5 C SURF Fire-cracked Rock 19520

Provenience Total 0 l-4 ST 428 Debitage Angular Blocky FragChunks Noncortical Quartz

Provenience Total 0 L-6 SURF Fire-cracked Rock 16700

Provenience Total D TR 027 MiscUnmodified Stone 4070

Provenience Total 0 TR 049 Debitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartzite

Provenience Total D TR 053 Oebitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartzite

Provenience Total O TR 066 Debitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartzite

-----~~----------------

Provenience middotTotal

_1_- - - shy

Newport News City Farm Phase I Prehistoric Inventory Page 3

Provenience Class Subclass 1 Subclass 2 Raw Material Weight(g) Quantity _-- -shy

-----------~-------------

0 TR 097 Oebitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartz 0 TR 097 MiscUnmodified Stone 3970

Provenience Total 2 0 TR 137 Fire-cracked Rock 48170

Provenience Total 0 TR 141 Fire-cracked Rock 29960 2

0 TR 141 Hafted Biface Unidentified Type Midsection Quartz Provenience Total 3

0 TR 143 Biface Stage 2 Proximal Fragment Quartz 1

0 TR 143 Fire-cracked Rock 3980 Provenience Total 2

0 TR 144 oebitage Flake FragShatter 1-74 Cortex Quartz 0 TR 144 Fire-cracked Rock 12820 2

Provenience Total 3 0 TR 144 SURF Informal Groundstone Halllllerstone MiscUnident Fragment Quartzite

Provenience Total SURF MiscUnmodified Stone 15410

Provenience Total Site Total 91

I I I I shy

I -

Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity

-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

44NN278 ST 089 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

44NN278 ST 089 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk

Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 093 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Unidentified fragments 1

44NN278 ST 093 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wi re 5

44NN278 ST 093 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

44NN278 ST 093 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Del ftware

44NN278 ST 093 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 9 44NN278 ST 094 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3

44NN278 ST 094 Arch i tectura I Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified 2

44NN278 ST 094 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

44NN278 ST 094 Hist faunalFloral Hi stori c Shell Mollusk

Provenience Total 7 44NN278 ST 095 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 098 Architectural Nails Nail (5) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 ST 098 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green


Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 2

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ______ ~ _____________ w_ -_ --- ----- -------- _ - --- - _ __ _---- - -- -_ -----------~-----------

44NN278 ST 100 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Porcelain

44NN278 ST 100 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total 8 44NN278 ST 101 Architectural Construction Materials Briellt Hand Made 2

Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 102 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 103 Architectural Construction Materials Bricllt Hand Made 6

44NN278 S1 103 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 ST 103 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Uni dent if ied Coarse Earthenware

44NN278 5T 103 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified English Stoneware

44NN278 ST 103 MedicinalHygiene Pharmaceutical Contain Vial Colored Glass Green


44NN278 ST 104 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 5T 104 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Jnidentified Pearl ware

44NN278 ST 104 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Ihiteware Painted Green

Provenience Total 8 44NN278 ST 107 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

Provenience Total 44NN278 5T 109 Architectural Construction Materials Bricllt Hand Made 9

--

Newport News City Farm Phase 1 Historic Inventory Page 3

Prcoience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity _- _

~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy

44NN278 ST 109 Architectural Nails Nail(s) IJrought 2

44NN278 ST 109 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 2

44NN278 ST 109 Hist FaunalfloraL Historic Bone Unsorted Bone

44NN278 ST 109 Hist FaunalFLoral Historic Shell Mollusk 3

Provenience Total 17 44NN278 ST 114 Architectural Construction Materials BriCK Hand Made 3

44NN278 ST 114 Archi tectural Nal ls Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 ST 114 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified IrJhiteware


44NN278 ST 114 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue




Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 118 Architectural Nails Nailes) Unidentified fragments



- - -


Provenience Group Class object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity --_ _--- -- _ _ -- -- ------------------------ --- ----------- _ ------- - _ _--_ - -- _ _


44NN278 ST 122 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Uni dent if i ed Cream-Colored Rim

44NN278 ST 122 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Uni dent if ied Creamware

Provenience Total 8 44NN278 ST 123 Arch i tectura l Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3

44NN278 ST 123 Unassigned Material Misc ContainlTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colorless Glass


44NN278 ST 124 Architectural Nai ls Nai l(s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 ST 124 Architectural window Glass Pane Glass

44NN278 ST 124 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Cookingstorage Unidentified English Stoneware

44NN278 ST 124 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Bowl Small 5 Staffordshire

44NN278 5T 124 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Del ftware

44NN278 ST 124 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Dark Green

4~NN278 ST 124 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 2


44NN278 ST 125 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments 4

44NN278 ST 125 Architectural Nails Nailes) Wrought 3

44NN278 ST 125 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Delftware

-


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Yeight(g) Quantity _-shy -shy shy ----shy -----~---~--~--- ~--- --~ ----------------------shy ---------_ --_ _-shy - --_ __ __


Provenience Total 11

44NN278 ST 126 Archi tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

44NN278 ST 126 Archi tectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified

Provenience Total 2

44NN278 ST 127 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 5

44NN278 ST 127 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Uni dent if i ed Fragments


44NN278 ST 127 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Delftware Blue

44NN278 ST 127 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Del ftware Rim




Provenience Total 12 44NN278 ST 129 Arch i tectura I Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

44NN278 ST 129 Archi tectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments


44NN278 ST 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Tableware Unidentified Colorless Glass Rim

44NN278 ST 129 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4

--- --- -- ---


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ---- -_ -- _ -_ -- -_ _-----_

Provenience Total 8 44NN278 ST 130 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified fragments

44NN278 ST 130 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearlware



Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 133 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified fragments 2



44NN278 ST 134 Hist faunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 2


--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2


Provenience Total 4 44NN278 ST 139 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Cream-Colored Base

44NN278 ST 139 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Dark Green

44NN278 ST 139 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral 2

Provenience Total 4 44NN278 ST 140 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~

Newport News City farm Phase 1 Historic Inventory Page 7

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor lJeight(g) Quantity _R~ ___ ~_ bullbull __________ _

___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


44NN278 ST 141 Hist faunalfloral Historic Shell Mollusk

Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 142 Arch i tectura 1 Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

44NN278 ST 142 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified fragments


44NN278 ST 142 Unassigned Material Misc Material Bar Ferrous


Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 144 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total 1 44NN278 ST 145 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4

44NN278 ST 145 unassigned Material Misc Items


Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 166 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Uni dent if i ed Creamware

44NN278 ST 166 Unassigned Material Mi SCi Materi a 1 Mineral

Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 170 Unassigned Material Historic Shell Mollusk 1

44NN278 ST 170 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal lead



Provenience Total 2

44NN278 ST 171 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Uni dent i fied Pearlware Painted BLue 1

Provenience TotaL 44NN278 ST 172 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made



44NN27B ST 172 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoaLCinder 2



44NN278 ST 173 Unassigned Material Misc Material Wire Copper-Alloy

Provenience Total 6 44NN27B ST 176 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 2

44NN27B ST 176 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Chinese Porcelain

44NN27B ST 176 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Cream-Colored

Provenience Total 4 44NN278 ST 178 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Coarse Earthenware

Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 179 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 3


- --gt_ - - shy

- --=---= Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 9

Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_

Object _ _ __ _~_w_ ___ _____ Datable Attribute

--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

Descriptor --shy ---_ --shy

Ileight(g) Quantity shy _ -

44NN278 ST 180 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified

44NN278 ST 180 Arch i tectura l Illndow Glass Pane Glass



44NN278 ST 182 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

44NN278 ST 182 Architectural Construction Materials Mortar Sand

44NN278 ST 182 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Creamware


44NN278 ST 184 Architectural Nails Na it (s) Unidentified


Provenience Total 3 44NN278 ST 185 Architectural Nai ls Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments 3

44NN278 ST 185 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Holloware White Saltglazed Rim


44NN278 ST 185 Unassigned Material Misc Material Unidentified Ferrous

Provenience Total 6

44NN278 ST 187 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Ilrought 1

44NN278 ST 187 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Creamware

-- - - -

Newport News City Farm Phase I Hfstoric Inventory Page 10

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor lJeight(g) Quantity

44NN278 ST 187 Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Staple Ferrous

Provenience Total 3 44NN278 ST 188 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified Coarse Earthenware

Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 189 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Refined Earthenware 2

44NN278 ST 189 Unassigned Material Misc Material lJire Ferrous

Provenience Total 3 44NN278 ST 19D Architectural construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

Provenience Total 2 44NN278 ST 193 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Creamware

Provenience Total 44NN27B ST 194 Architectural Construction Materials Briellt Hand Made

Provenience Total 44NN27B ST 195 Architectural Construction Materials Br icllt Hand Made

Provenience Total 1 44NN27B ST 196 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3

44NN278 ST 196 Architectural Nails Nai l (5) Unidentified Fragments

44NN278 ST 196 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearlware Printed Blue

44NN27B ST 196 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total 6 44NN27B ST 197 Architectural lJindow Glass Pane Glass

44NN27B ST 197 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Delftware Blue

-_



--~--------~- ---- --_-------------------shy ----------------~------------- -__----- _--------------shy - _--- _shy _---- 44NN278 ST 197 Food PrepConsumption Gl~ss Storage Containers Bott Ie Colored Glass Amber

44NN278 ST 197 Hist FaunaLFlorat Historic SheLL Mollusk


Provenience Total 5


44NN278 ST 198 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Creamware Rim

44NN278 ST 198 Food PrepConsumption Cerpmic Tableware Unidentified Del ftware

44NN278 ST 198 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

bull Provenience Total 11 44NN278 ST 199 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 6

44NN278 ST 199 Arch i tec tura l Construction Materials Brick Unidentified



Provenience Total 3 44NN278 ST 203 Arch i tec tura l Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

44NN278 ST 203 Architectural Nai ls Nai l(s) Unidentified

44NN278 ST 203 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wire 2



-- - - - - - - -


Provenience Group class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity - __ - - _-_ _--_ _shy-----------------~~- -----~-----------~---~-------- --~~-- -------------------- - shy

44NN278 ST 203 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 2

Provenience Total 11 44NN278 ST 206 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber 6

44NN278 ST 206 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 2

44N~278 ST 206 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4


Provenience Total 13 44NN278 ST 207 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Uni dent if i ed Coarse Earthenware

44NN278 ST 207 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber 3


44NN278 ST 207 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colorless Glass


44NN278 5T 207 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 3

Provenience Total 11 44NN27B ST 208 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made


Provenience Total 2 44NN278 5T 209 Arch i tectura l Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 4

44NN278 ST 209 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified White Saltglazed


--- -- -- --- - -~ -~


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity - __ - -- _- -_ _---_ - _-- _----- - -_ - shy

~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~


44NN278 ST 212 Architectural Construction Materials Mortar Shell

44NN278 ST 212 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Wrought

44NN278 sr 212 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 44NN278 ST 212 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4

44NN278 ST 212 Smoking Pipes White Clay Pipe Plain Bowl

44NN278 5T 212 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colored Glass Green

Provenience Total 16 44NN278 5T 213 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 10

44NN278 ST 213 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wrought

44NN278 5T 213 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified Coarse Earthenware


Provenience Total 15 44NN278 ST 214 Arch itectura l Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 4

44NN278 ST 214 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified Coarse Earthenware

44NN278 ST 214 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Delftware Blue 2

44NN278 ST 214 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 4

44NN278 ST 214 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Bone Unsorted Bone

44NN278 ST 214 Hst FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4

----------------------

- -

Newport News City Farm Igthase I Historic Inventory Page 14

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor ~eight(g) Quantity ____ ~_~ __ _~ ______ ~ _________ M --_ _-_ _ - - _-shy------------------ --------------~-------------

Provenience Total 16 44NN278 ST 215 Archi tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 6

44NN278 ST 215 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

44NN27B ST 215 Hist FaunalF loral Historic Bone Unsorted Bone 2


44NN278 ST 215 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colored Glass Green


44NN27B ST 216 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

44NN278 ST 216 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Unidentified

44NN278 ST 216 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Creamware 2

Provenience Total 5 44NN278 S1 217 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

44NN278 ST 217 Arch i tectural ~indow Glass Pane Glass

44NN278 ST 217 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unident Hied


44NN278 S1 219 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 4 44NN278 S1 220 Archi tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity _ A ______ ~ _______ bullbull ____

_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy




44NN278 ST 221 Archi tectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified

44NN278 ST 221 H1st FaunalFloral Hi stori c Shell Mollusk 7


44NN278 ST 223 Unassigned Material Msc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous



44NN278 ST 226 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified




44NN278 ST 230 Archi tectural Nails Nail(s) Unident i fi ed


Provenience Total 5


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Wei ghtg) Quantity - -~- -- --~~ ---shy ----shy ~---------~--~--- ---~---- ----------------~--------- shy --_ __ _--_

44NN278 ST 231 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified

Provenience Total 44NN278 ST 236 Arch i tectura l Construction Materials Paving Material Asphalt

44NN278 ST 236 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Cut


44NN278 ST 236 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified PorceIl aneous

44NN278 ST 236 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

44NN278 ST 236 Unassigned Material Misc Material Uni dent i fi ed Ferrous



44NN280 ST 069 ArchitecturaL Construction Materials Mortar Concrete 4

44NN280 ST 069 Architectural Nails NaiL(s) Unidentified

44NN280 ST 069 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Unidentified Fragments 3

44NN280 ST 069 Architectural Nails Nailes) Ii re

44NN280 ST 069 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearlware Embossed Edged Green

44NN280 ST 069 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shel l Mol lusk 2

Provenience Total 21 44NN280 ST 072 ArchitecturaL Construction Materials Brick Unident if ied

44NN280 ST 072 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments 3

- - -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Ueight(g) Quantity _ _----_ - -_ ---- -----_ _--_ --_ - - __ --shy

~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---

44NN280 ST 072 Architectural Nai ls Nai l(s) Uire



Provenience Total 7 44NN280 ST 073 Architectural Nai ls Nail (s) Unidentified


Provenience Total 4


44NN280 ST 074 Architectural Nails Nail(s)


44NN280 ST 074 Architectural Uindow Glass Pane Glass 2




44NN280 ST 075 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified 2

44NN280 ST 075 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN280 ST 075 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Ui re

44NN280 ST 075 Arch itec tura l Window Glass Pane Glass

-


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ---~--------~-------- ---------~ --~--~--~--- - --- - ----~~--- -~----- --_ - - ------------ _ -- - - --_ --shy

44NN280 ST 075 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unident i fied Whiteware Flow Blue



44NN280 ST 077 Architectural Window Glass Nail(s) Unidentified 2

44NN280 ST 077 Architectural Window Glass Plate Glass 7


Provenience Total 44NN281 ST 026 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3



44NN281 ST 029 Architectural Construction Materials Drai n Pipen i le Ceramic 2


44NN281 ST 029 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Wire


44NN281 ST 029 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearl ware


Provenience Total 63 44NN281 ST 031 Arch i tectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments 2

- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~


Provenience Group CLass Object DatabLe Attribute Descriptor Ieighteg) Quantity ~ ___ ~_~ ___ w ________

__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---

44NN281 ST 031 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle ColorLess Glass 2

Provenience Total 4



44NN281 ST 247 ArchitecturaL Iindow Glass Pane Glass

44NN281 ST 247 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green


44NN281 ST 249 Architectural Nai ls Nai l(s) Unidentified 2

44NN281 ST 249 Architectural Ma ls Nailes) Unidentified Fragments 3

44NN281 ST 249 ArchitecturaL Iindow GLass Pane Glass

44NN281 ST 249 food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Uni dent if i ed American Grey

44NN281 ST 249 food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

44NN281 ST 249 Hist FaunalFloral Histori c Shell Mollusk


44NN281 ST 263 Architectural Nails Nailes) Irought


- -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute ___ M~ __________________

Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity -~-------~------------

- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------

shy _ - _-- _shy -shy -shy -44NN281 ST 265 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Aqua


44NN281 ST 266 Architectural Nai Is Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments 2


Provenience Total 8 44NN281 ST 267 Arch i tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 4

44NN281 ST 267 Architectural Construction Materials Mortar Sand 2

44NN281 ST 267 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Cut 2

44NN281 ST 267 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wire



44NN281 ST 271 Archi tectural Window Glass Pane GLass 2

Provenience Total 3 44NN281 ST 272 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic TabLeware Unidentified PearLware 2

Provenience Total 2 44NN281 ST 273 Architectural Nai Ls Nai l(s) Cut

44NN281 ST 273 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless GLass


- ---------------


Provenience Group CLass Object Datable Attribute Descriptor fleight(g) Quantity ____________ bullbull ______ ~4 _~ __ ~ _______ w __ ___ ~ __ bull __

- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------

44NN281 ST 274 CLothing Fasteners Button Glass Opaque White


Provenien~e Total 3


Provenience Total 44NN281 ST 279 Architecturlll Nails Nail(s) Cut


Provenience Total 2

44NN281 ST 284 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeTi le Ceramic 2

44NN281 ST 284 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber


Provenience Total 4 44NN281 ST 285 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wire

Provenience Total 44NN281 ST 287 Architectural Nai ls Nait(s) Cut


44NN281 ST 288 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Cut 2

44NN281 ST 288 Food PrepConsumptfon Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

44NN281 5T 288 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott Ie Colored GLss Green-blue 2

44NN281 ST 288 Unassigned Material Misc Material Unidentifiable Glassware Colorless Glass

- -- -


Provenience Group Class object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity - --- ---- -_ --- - - - __ -_ _ - - --_ ---shy--------~-------- --shy

Provenience Total 12 44NN281 ST 289 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 2


44NN281 ST 300 Architectural Nails NaiL(s) Unidentified Fragments 3

44NN281 ST 300 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 1

44NN281 S1 300 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 6


Provenience Total 16 44NN281 ST 301 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Cut

44NN281 S1 301 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Dark Green

44NN281 S1 301 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese

Provenience Total 3 44NN281 ST 304 Architectural Nai ls Nail (s) Cut

44NN281 ST 304 Archi tectural Naf ls Nail(s) Unidentified

44NN281 ST 304 Architectural Nsi ls Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

44NN281 ST 304 Architectural Naits Nail (s) Wire 6

44NN281 ST 304 Arch i tectura l Window Glass Pane Glass

Provenience Total 10 44NN282 ST 329 Food prepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Amber 1

Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --


ProVenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Yeight(g) Quantity


Provenience Total 44NN283 TR 129 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 2

44NN283 TR 129 Architectural Construction Materials Paving Material Asphalt

44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Refined Earthenware

44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green

44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue

44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 2

44NN283 TR 129 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Mould Blown Neck

44NN283 TR 129 Smoking Pipes Yhite Clay Pipe Plain Stem 564

44NN283 TR 129 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total 14 44NN284 TR 006 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers BotH e Colorless Glass 2

Provenience Total 2 44NN51 ST 354 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk

Provenience Total 44NN51 ST 355 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Unidentified Fragments


Provenience Total 5


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity _ _ M ______ bull ____ ~ - - _ - -- _ _-- _- ----- ~-----~~-----~--- ~~--- ------- ------- -------shy

44NN51 ST 360 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral

Provenience Total 44NN51 st 423 Architectural Nai ls Nai l(s) Cut

Provenience Total 44NN51 ST 424 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue


Provenience Total 44NN51 SURF Arch i tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

44NN51 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 4

44NN51 SURF Architectural Nai ls Nail (s) Cut

44NN51 SURF Arch itectura1 Nails Nai 1(s) Unident if i ed Fragments

44NN51 SURF Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 4

Provenience Total 11 44NN68 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 2

44NN68 SURF Arch itectura1 Construction Materials Brick Unidentified

44NN68 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Paving Material Asphalt 2

44NN68 SURF Architectural ElectricTelecommun InsuLator GLass Blue-green

44NN6B SURF Archi tectural Window GLass Pane GLass 2

44NN6B SURF Clothing Fasteners Button Glass Opaque Wh ite

44NN6B SURF Food prepConsumption Glass Storage Containers BottLe Colored Glass Aqua

- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _

-=- _0 ~~_ - ~_ --_ - ~~-- ~~_ -=- ~-~ Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 25

Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group

Food PrepConsumption


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material




Food PrepConsumption Food PrepConsumption


Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class

Glass Storage Containers


Historic Bone

Misc Material

Ceramic CookingStorage

Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware

Glass Storage Containers Glass Storage Containers


Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Construction Materials

Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle

Red Clay Pipe Plain Stem

White Clay Pipe Plain Bowl

White Clay Pipe Plain Stem


Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown

Whiteware Printed Other

Delftware

Colored Glass Colored Glass

Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-

Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity

Neck

Rim

Provenience Total 14 1

Dark Green Dark Green

Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity -_ __ _ - ---_ _-- -__ -_00- --- - - -- -_ - -- - -- -- - -- -- -- ------- -_ - -shy~~----- --~

Provenience Total 7 44NN69 SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whiteware Printed Blue

44NN69 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 2

44NN69 SURF MedicinalHygiene GroomingHygiene Chamber Pot Rhenish Blue and Grey Rim

Provenience TotaL 4 44NN69 TR 061 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 9

44NN69 TR 061 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Mould Blown Base 44~59 TR 061 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Mould Blown Base

44NN69 TR 061 Smoking Pipes White Clay Pipe Plain Stem 664

Provenience Total 12 44NN69 TR 064 Arch i tectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

44NN69 TR 064 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue 2

44NN69 TR 064 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 4 44NN69 TR 068 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Base

Provenience Total 1 44NN69 TR 070 ArchitecturaL Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3

44NN69 TR 070 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Holloware Chinese Porcelain Base

44NN69 TR 070 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

Provenience Total 5 44NN69 TR 072 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified Coarse Earthenware

44NN69 TR 072 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle CoLored Glass Dark Green

_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _

-- -- --Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic tnventory Page 27

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quanti ty _ shy - --shy --------------~-----~--- -----------------------------~--- ---------~--------------~--

--_ _--- - - -- -shy

44NN69 TR 072 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese Neck

44NN69 TR 072 Unassigned Material Misc Materi at Mineral CoalCinder


44NN69 TR 078 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware HolLoware Creamware Base


44NN69 TR 078 Unassigned MateriaL Misc Hardware Uni dent if i ed Ferrous

Provenience TotaL 4 44NN69 Private ArchitecturaL Construction MateriaLs Brick Hand Made

44NN69 Private Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified EngLish Stoneware

44NN69 Private Food PrepConsumption Ceramic TabLeware Unidentified DeLftware BLue

44NN69 Private Food PrepConsumption GLass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 3

44NN69 Private Food PrepConsumption GLass Storage Containers Bottle Free BLown Base 2

44NN69 Private SmOKing Pipes Red Clay Pipe Plain Stem

44NN69 Private SmoKing Pipes White CLay Pipe Plain Stem 564

44NN69 Private SmOKing Pipes IJhite Clay Pipe Plain Stem 664 4

44NN69 Private SmOKing Pipes IJhite CLay Pipe Plain Stem 764

Provenience TotaL 15 A ST 001 Unassigned Material Misc Material Wire Ferrous

Newport News City farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 28

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity -- --- ---_ _- - --- -- ---- - - -_ _ _- --- ------~---------------------------

Provenience Total 1

A ST 002 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 7

A ST 002 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 5

Provenience Total 12 A ST 003 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

A ST 003 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott Ie Colored Glass Blue

A ST 003 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Bright Green 3

A ST 003 General Activities AgricultHorticulture Barbed Wi re

A ST 003 Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Nut Ferrous

A 5T 003 Unassigned Mate~ial Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 2

Provenience Total 10 A 5T 006 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments

A 5T 006 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 2 A ST 011 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total A ST 012 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

A 51 012 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 2

Provenience Total 3 A S1 013 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

A 5T 013 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wi re

-

-~----Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 29

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity - _____ bull __ M __ ~ __ bull ____ ~ __ ~ ---_ -------- -------shy _ _-- - _ __ - --shy

~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------

Provenience Total 2 A 5T 015 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total A 5T 016 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

A 5T 016 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments 3

A 5T 016 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

Provenience Total 5 A 5T 017 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2


A 5T 018 Architectural Nails Nall(s) Unidentifi ed Fragments 4

A 5T 018 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colorless Glass

A 5T 018 Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Staple Ferrous 2

Provenience Total 9

A 5T 022 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 1

A 5T 022 Unassigned Material Misc Material 5crap Metal Ferrous 2

Provenience Total 3


Provenience Total 0 A ST 028 Architectural Nai Is Nail (s) Unidentified 1

A ST 028 Hist FaunalFloral Historic 5hell Mollusk

Provenience Total 2


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor IJeight(g) Quantity

A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy

-- -- -- -shyNewport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 31

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Yeight(g) Quantity

-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2

A ST 062 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

A ST 062 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese

A ST 062 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk

A ST 062 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 4


A ST 063 Architectural Construction Materials Foundation Material Asphalt 2

A ST 063 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified

A ST 063 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments

A ST 063 Clothing Fasteners Fastener copper-Alloy

Provenience Total 8


A ST 065 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

A ST 065 Architectural Nai Is Nail (5) Unidentified Fragments 2

A ST 065 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 11

A ST 065 Architectural Window Glass Plate Glass

A ST 065 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 3

A ST 065 Unassigned Material Misc Items

- - -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ______ w ______-_ __ - _ - _ _ -- ---_ --- --_ -_ ---- - -_ _-- _- _------------- --- ~--~---

Provenience Total 22 A ST 068 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers BottLe CoLorLess Glass

A ST 068 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Jar Machine Made Neck

A ST 068 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 2

Provenience Total 4 A ST 077 Arch i tectura 1 Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

A ST 077 Archi tectura 1 Window GLass Pane Glass

Provenience Total 2 A ST 079 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Uni dent if ied

A ~r 079 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments 3

Provenience Total 4 A ST 099 Archi tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 5

Provenience Total 5 A ST 127 Architectural Construction MateriaLs Brick Hand Made

Provenience TotaL A ST 147 Architectural Nai Ls Nail (s) Cut

Provenience TotaL A 5T 149 Architectural Nails Nai 1(s) Cut

A ST 149 Arch i tectura L Nai Ls NaiL(s) IJire

Provenience Total 2 A ST 150 Arch i tectura 1 Nails Nail(s) Cut

Provenience Total A ST 153 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott Le ColorLess GLass 3

-

-- -- --Newport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 33

Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic

Unidentified Fragments

Descriptor Weight(g Quantity


Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3

Provenience Total 26 Green

Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF

Newport News City Farm Phase I IHstoric Inventory Page 34

Provenience

A SURF

Group _----_ _--shyArms and Military

Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et

Datable Attribute _----- ----shy

Lead

Descriptor __ -shy -----shy

Ieight(g) Quant i ty ---shy

A SURF Clothing Fasteners Button Copper-Alloy

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Saucer Whiteware Printed Blue Rim

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Bev Containers Beer Bott le Machine Made Base

A SURF Food Prepconsumption Glass Bev Containers Liquor Bott le

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Bev Containers Liquor Bottle Machine Made Neck

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Dark Green

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Glas~Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese Base

A SURF Food Prepconsumption Glass Tableware Unidentified Colorless Glass

A SURF Food PrepConsumption Utensi ls Spoon Copper-Alloy

A SURF General Activities AgricultHorticulture Barbed Wire

B ST 240 Architectural construction MateriaLs Brick Hand Made Provenience Total 16

B ST 240 Architectural Iindow Glass Pane Glass

B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made

Uni dent if i ed Fragments


Bf ST 241 Architectural Nails Nail (s) lire

- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity w ____ ~ _____ bull __ h __ W ____ bull _____-----------------~- ------_----------------shy

--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _

Provenience Total 48 ST 244 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 2

B ST 244 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Cut

a ST 244 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Wire

B ST 244 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

B ST 244 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk

8 ST 244 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Glass Ultramarine

B ST 244 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience TotalB ST 245 Architectural Construction Materials Brick a

Machine Made

B ST 245 Architectural Construction Materials Mortar Sand 4

B ST 245 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Unidentified

B ST 245 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

B ST 245 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber 2 a ST 245 Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Unidentified Ferrous

B ST 245 Unassigned Material Misc Material Strapping Ferrous

B ST 245 Unassigned Material Misc Material Wire Ferrous

Provenience TotalB ST 255 Architectural Construction Materials Brick 12

Hand Made


- - -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity _ __ -_ - -_ _ _-_ -_ -_ _ _- ------ --- ---~ ---- - -- - - _-- _--- -_ _- -- _-shy

Provenience Total 2 Bf ST 256 Architectural construction Materials Brick Iland Made

B ST 256 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

S ST 256 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 2

Provenience Total 4 Bf ST 258 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Cut 1

Bf ST 258 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green

Provenience Total 2 Bf ST 260 Architectural Nai ls Nai l (s) Wire

Sf ST 260 Arch Itectura l Window Glass Pane Glass 4

Bf ST 260 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Bf ST 260 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk

Provenience Total 7 Sf ST 268 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

Bf ST 268 Architectural Construction Materials Mortar Sand

Bf ST 268 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total 3 B ST 281 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Sf S1 281 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Cut

Provenience Total 2 S ST 294 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments

_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-

-shyNewport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 37

Provenience Group class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity bull ___ M_~~ _________ bull __ --- -- -_ _shy- --------------- - - ---------- ------- --_----shy-------~-----------~

B ST 294 Architectural Nails Nai l (s) Wrought

Provenience Total 2 B ST 296 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified 3

B ST 296 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue

Provenience Total 4

B ST 305 Architectural ElectricTelecommun Drain PipeTile Ceramic 1

B ST 305 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber

B ST 305 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Ceramic Ware Porcellaneous

B ST 305 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Glass Colorless 2

B ST 305 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous 3

B ST 305 Unassigned Material Misc Material Unidentified Ferrous

Provenience Total 9 B ST 306 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wi re 2

B ST 306 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 3

Provenience Total 5 B ST 307 Architectural Nai ls Nail(s) Unidentified 2

B ST 307 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments 2

B ST 307 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 4

Provenience Total 8 B ST 308 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 9


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor l4ei ght(g) Quantity __ bullbull _M ___ ~ __ bull _____ -_ -_ -_ -------------------- ------------------------ -~-----~-------- -~--~-~~-----------~-------



B S1 308 Unassigned Material Misc Material Unidentified Ferrous

B

BProvenience Total 12

f ST 309 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Cut 2

f ST 309 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentified Fragments 7

B ST 309 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Wire

B ST 309 Arch itectura l l4indow Glass Pane Glass 26

Provenience Total 36 C ST 317 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made 2

C ST 317 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green

C ST 317 Food Prepcon~umption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 2

C ST 317 Unassigned Material Misc Items unidentified 2

C ST 317 Unassigned ~aterial Misc Items Unidentified Glass Dark Green

Provenience Total 8 C ST 319 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

Provenience Total 2 C ST 320 Architectural Nails Nail(s) l4i re

Provenience Total C ST 321 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber 2

Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Ueight(g) Quantity- _ __ -_ -_ __ -_ shy --~----~--------~- - - _ _ -- - __ _ M_ __ __ ___ bull __ bull--- -- _-- -- _shyC ST 325 Arch tectural ~

Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

C ST 325 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Plastic

Provenience Total 2C ST 327 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 1

Provenienee Total C ST 341 Architectural Nai Is Nail (s) Cut

C ST 341 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Unidentified

C Provenience Total 2SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand MadeC SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand MadeC SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

C SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

C SURF Architectural Nails Nail(s) Yire

C SURF Architectural Yindow Glass Pane Glass 1C SURF Architectural Yindow Glass Pane Glass 2

C SURF Domestic Activities Cleaning Bottle Colored Glass Amber

C SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Flatware Yhiteware Flow Blue Rim

C SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Yhiteware

C SURF Food PrepConsumption GLass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Amber

C SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

C SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Closure Glass Lid Liner Opaque Yhite

---

--- - -


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribut~ Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity _- - - -- -_ -- -- -- -- - - -- ---- -~ - -----~-- - _--_ _ -_ - --shy------~------------~-

C SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Tableware Unidentif ied Colored Glass Opaque White

c SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Tableware Unidentified SolarizedMaganese

C SURF Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colored Glass Opaque White

C SURF Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Porcellaneous C SURF Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Porcellaneous

C SURF Unassigned Material Misc Materi at Mineral CoalCinder 2

C SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Unidentified Ferrous

Provenience Total 22 C TR 119 Arch i tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Mad~

C TR 119 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

C TR 119 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeTi le Ceramic

C TR 119 Arch i tectural Nails Nail(s) Unidentif ied

C TR 119 Arch i tectura l Nails Nai l(s) Unidentified Fragments

C TR 119 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Wire

C TR 119 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Holloware Whiteware Rim

Provenience Total 7 0 L-4 ST 428 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

Provenience Total D L-4 TR 113 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

- -- - - shy0 L-4 TR 113 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified American Grey


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity -----_ -------shy-----~----~--yen---- ----------------- -----~--------- ---------~-~--~ --------~----~-----------

Dr L-4 TR 113 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Yhiteware Base

Provenience Total 3

Dr L-4 TR 116 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

0 L-4 TR 116 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Bev Containers Bottle Stoneware Base

0 L-4 TR 116 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

Provenience Total 3

0 l-5 TR 067 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

0 l-5 TR 067 Architectural Nai Is Nai l(s) Unidentified

0 l-5 TR 067 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Yhiteware Edged Rim

Dr l-5 TR 067 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unident ifi ed Yhiteware

0 l-5 TR 067 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber

0 loS TR 067 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 3

Provenience Total 8

D L-6 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

D L-6 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Bricllt Machine Made Dt l-6 SURf Arch i tectura r Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

Dr L-6 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Bri cllt Unidentified 2

D L-6 SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Pan CE Yorktown Rim

D L-6 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder D l-6 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total 8


Provenience Group ---------------------shy

Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy

Object -- --shy __ -_ _-shy

Datable Attribute - --shy shy -shy -shy - ---shy

Descriptor _ - shy

Weight(g) Quantity - shy

0 ST 367 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 2

Provenience Total 2 D ST 369 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearl ware Printed Blue

Provenience Total 0 ST 381 Architectural Nai Is Nai I(s) Unidentified

Provenience Total 0 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick

0 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Bri ck Machine Made 2

0 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified D SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unident if ied 0 SURF Arch i tectural Construction Materials Brick Unident ified 2 0 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 2 D SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 2 0 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 2

0 SURF Arch i tectura I Construction Materials Drain pipeTi Ie Ceramic 2

0 SURF Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 2

D SURF Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass Unidentified

0 SURF Food Prepconsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified American Blue and Grey

D SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Holloware Whiteware Painted

0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Bone China

0 SURf Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers 80ttle Colored Glass Aqua

0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 1 0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 2

~~-~------~~----~-


Proveni ence Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Wefght(g) Quantfty - _ - - _

----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy

0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass D SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 0 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

0 SURF MedicinalHygiene GroomingHygiene Chamber Pot Rhenish Grey Rim

0 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Unidentified Ferrous

0 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Porcelain

0 IJRF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 0 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 0 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 1

0 SURF Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder 3

0 SURf Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 40 0 TR 002 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

Provenience Total 0 TR 003 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Tptal 1 0 TR OQ7 Arch i tectura 1 Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 1

Provenience Total 0 TR 008 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

Provenience Total 0 TR 010 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Aqua

Provenience Total


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity __ ~ ______ N_ ____ ~_~ __ -_ _---- _ -- -- - - _-- --_ shy~----------------------- ---------------~ ------------------------~-

) TR 1111 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total ) TR 013 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colored Glass Green-blue

Provenience Total ) TR 018 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeTi le Ceramic

Provenience Total ) TR 020 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total ) TR 024 Unassigned Material Misc Items Unidentified Porcellaneous

Provenience Total ) TR 025 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

) TR 025 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeTi le Ceramic

) TR 025 food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber

I TR 025 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 4 I TR 026 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colored Glass Aqua

Provenience Total I TR 027 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

TR 027 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeTi Ie Ceramic 2

TR 027 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Yhiteware Printed Blue Rim

TR 027 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Pearlware Painted Blue

TR 027 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber

shy


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Ueight(g) Quantity

0 TR 027 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colored Glass Opaque Uhite

Provenience Total 7 0 TR 028 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Ceramic

0 TR 028 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese

0 TR 028 Hist FaunalFloraL Historic Bone Unsorted Bone

Provenience Total 3 0 TR 029 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

0 TR 029 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Machine Made Base

Provenience Total 2 0 TR 031 ArchitecturaL Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

D TR 031 Unassigned Material Misc ContainTablewre Unidentifiable Glassware Colorless Glass 2

Provenience Total 3 0 TR 035 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

D TR 035 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made


Provenience Total 0 TR 038 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass


0 TR 040 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Unsorted Bone


Provenience Group Class Objett Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity - - - _ - - -~ -------- ---_ - -_ _~

Provenience Total 2 0 TR 043 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3

0 TR 043 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

0 TR 043 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass


D TR 044 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

D TR 044 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 3 D TR 045 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

t

t

Provenience Total 0 TR 047 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 0 TR 052 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Provenience Total D TR 053 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whi teware

Provenience Total D TR 056 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified

Provenience Total D TR 057 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whiteware Printed Blue

Provenience Total 0 TR 059 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber

0 TR 059 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott le Colorless Glass 2

- - shy


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor iJeightCg) Quantity __ bull _____ ~w_~ __ ~ ____ --shy -~----------------- - ------------------~-~-----~------ ----------------~-----------

--_ _ - shy

0 TR 063 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made

Provenience Total 3

0 TR 063 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified

0 TR 064 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass




Provenience Total 2

0 TR 065 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Whiteware Base

0 TR 065 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whiteware


0 TR 066 Clothing Fasteners Button Glass Provenience Total

Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total

0 TR 071 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whiteware Provenience Total

0 TR 071 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue

0 TR 072 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Whiteware Printed Blue Rim Provenience Total 2


Provenience Total


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ______________ ~~M -- _ - - -_ _-- - - -_ - - -- _--_ shy--------~---------

Provenience Total 0 TR 081 Archi tectural Window Glass Pane Glass

Provenience Total 0 TR 097 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 3


0 TR 097 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 3

0 TR 097 Archi tectural Construction Materials Paving Material Asphal t 2

0 TR 097 Arch i tectural ElectricTelecommun Insulator Porcelain

0 TR 097 Food PrepConsumption Glass Bev Containers Li quor Bott Ie Machine Made Neck

0 TR 097 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Aqua

0 TR 097 Food Prepconsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

0 TR 097 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 0 TR 097 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 2

D TR 097 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Bone Unsorted Bone

0 TR 097 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

Imiddot 0 TR 097 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 19 0 TR 098 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 1


- shy


- -

Newport News City Farm P~ase I Historic Inventory Page 50

Provenience Group Class Object DatabLe Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ---------------------~ ---------------- ----_-- ---------------------_ _ - --- ----- - _ _ - ---_ - -- -_ _ __ --shy

0 TR 110 Architectural Construction MateriaLs Brick Machine Made

Provenience TotaL 0 TR 110 SURF MedicinalHygiene GroomingHygiene Jar Machine Made Ultramarine

Provenience TotaL 0 TR 112 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle CoLored Glass Dark Green

Provenience Total 0 TR 113 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 0 TR 135 SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Porcelain

0 TR 135 SURF Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

Provenience Total 2 0 TR 137 Arch tectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made



0 TR 137 Architectural Construction Materials Drain PipeIi le Ceramic

Provenience Total 4 0 TR 141 Arch i tectura L Construction Materials Brick Unidentified 3

D TR 141 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified American Grey

0 TR 141 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Chinese Porcelain

0 TR 141 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic TabLeware Unident if ied Porcelain

0 TR 141 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green

- shy

- - --Newport News City Farm Phase 1 Historic Inventory Page 51

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ____ w ______ bullbull ___

--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------

0 TR 141 Unassigned Material Misc Material Uni dent i fi ed Ferrous

Provenience Total 8


0 TR 143 Archi tectural Construction Materials middotBrick Unidentified

0 TR 143 Architectural ElectricTelecommun Insulator Porcelain 2

0 TR 143 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Dark Green 2

Provenience Total 6


0 TR 144 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic CookingStorage Unidentified American Grey

0 TR 144 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Amber


Provenience Total 4 0 TR 144 SURF Architectural Construction Materials Brick Machine Made

0 TR 144 SURF Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Pearl ware Edged Rim

Provenience Total 2 LOC A1 ST 049 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 3

Provenience Total 3 LOC A1 SURFACE Arms and Military AmmunitionArtillery Bullet

Provenience Total LOC A2 ST 053 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 4

LOC A2 ST 053 Architectural Nails Nail(s) Cut


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ~ -- -- - - -_ _--_ --_ -- _ _- -----------~~ ---- --- ------- ~------- -----------------~~---------

LaC A2 ST 053 Architectural Nails Nai l(s) Unidentified

laC A2 ST 053 Architectural Nails Na LCs Unidentified Fragments 3

laC A2 ST 053 Arch i tectura 1 Nails Nailes) Wire 2

LaC A2 ST 053 Architectural Yindow Glass Pane Glass 2

LaC A2 ST 053 food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate Yhiteware Base 2

LOC A2 ST 053 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unident ifi ed Whiteware

LaC A2 ST 053 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle colored Glass Aqua

laC A2 ST 053 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green-blue 2

lOC A2 ST 053 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous 2

Provenience Total 21 LOC A2 ST 054 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Ceramic 2

LOC A2 ST 054 Architectural Construction Materials Paving Material Asphal t

LaC A2 ST 054 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass

LaC A2 ST 054 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese

LOC A2 ST 054 Hist FaunalFloral Historic Shell Mollusk 2

LOC A2 ST 054 Unassigned Material Misc Material Mineral CoalCinder

LOC A2 ST 054 Unassigned Material Misc Material Scrap Metal Ferrous

Provenience Total 9 LOC A2 ST 056 Architectural Other fasteners Spike Unidentified Fragments 1

---- - shy- _ j IJIIII -

----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--

_J -- -j -shyNewport News City Farm Phase I Historic Inventory Page 53

Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity __________ w __ ~ ___ bull __ _~ __

~~M_ bullbullbullbullbull _ __ bull __ __ -- __ - - ------ shy---------------P---~----------- -------~-------------------

LOC A2 ST 056 Food Prepconsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified Whiteware 3

LOC A2 ST 056 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass 2


Provenience Total 9

LOC A2 ST 057 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Un i dent if i ed 3

LOC A2 ST 057 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colored Glass Green 2

LOC A2 ST 057 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle Colorless Glass

LOC A2 ST 057 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese

LOC A2 ST 057 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle SolarizedMaganese Base

Provenience Total 8 LOC A2 ST 058 Architectural Nai Is Nail(s) Uni dent if i ed 2

lOC A2 ST 058 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bott Ie Colorless Glass

lOC A2 ST 058 Unassigned Material Misc Hardware Screw Unidentified

Provenience Total 4

lOC A2 ST 059 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 4

LOC A2 ST 059 Architectural Construction Materials Brick Hand Made 8


LOC A2 ST 059 Arc_h i tectura I Nails Nail (s) Unidentified 2

lOC A2 ST 059 Architectural Nails Nail (s) Uni dent if i ed Fragments lOC A2 ST 059 Architectural Na ls Nail (s) Unidentified Fragments 2

LOC A2 ST 059 Architectural Window Glass Pane Glass 5

--


Provenience Group Class Object

laC A2 ST 059 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified laC A2 ST 059 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Unidentified

laC A2 ST 059 Food PrepConsumption Glass Storage Containers Bottle





laC A2 ST 059 Food PrepConsumption Utensils Spoon

laC A2 ST 059 Hist FaunalFloral Historic ShelL MoLusk

laC A2 ST 060 Archi tecturaL Construction MateriaLs Brick

laC A2 ST 060 ArchitecturaL Nails Nail (s)

laC A2 ST 061 Archi tectural Construction Materials Brick

laC A2 ST 061 Arch i tectura l Nails Nail(s)

laC A2 ST 061 ArchitecturaL Window Glass Pane Glass

laC A2 ST 061 Food PrepConsumption Ceramic Tableware Plate

laC A2 ST 061 Food Prepconsumption GLass Storage Containers Bottle

laC A2 ST 061 Unassigned Material Misc Material Strapping

Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13


Provenience Group Class Object Datable Attribute Descriptor Weight(g) Quantity ~middot----------- ---------~--P

Provenience Total Si te Total 1464

I I I I

I )

I

I 1

I -I I r

I I I

I I

I I

11 II 11

II 1-]

I I I II Ii

11I I

APPENDIX B

I I

I I I I

1

I I I I 1

I )

I l

I 1

I )

I L

I i

I I I I

SUPPLEMENTI1

VIHGINIAI DIVISION OF I-IISTOHIC LANDIVIlI(S

I RESEARCH CENTER FOH AHCllAEOLOGY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTOUYFOHIVI

I Name of Site Site Number ___44NN=-6-9--___

I lype of Site Domes tic CuituralAlfiliation 17th 18th and

19th Century State National Register Status

USGS Map Relerence Mulberry Island 75 1986

i UTM Zone 18 Easting 363680 Nortlling 4105800 (Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USUS 75 minute series topographical map showing site boundaries)

Owner Address1eleplloue City of Newport News Virginia lenantAddress1elepholle NA Site Informant Address(lelephone NA

Surveyed By (name address aJfiliation date) Thomas F Higgins III Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23185 3292

IIi i

General Environment and Nearest Water Source The site is situated on a knoll in a cultivated field approximately 60 feet east of Flax Mill Creek and approximately 2200 feet north of the Warwick River

Dimensions of Site 650 feet (198 meters) E-W by 350 feet (107 meters) N-S

I i Site Description and Surveylechniques Site is represented by heavy concentration of historic artifacts Site was identified by pedestrian survey

Condition and Present Land Use Currently in use as the Newport News City Prison Farm

I Site is located in a cultivated field

Specimens Obtained and lJepo~ilory Bottle glass chinese porcelain coarse earthenwarehandmade and machine made brick All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary

I Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23185

II

Specimens Reported amJ OwnersAddresses NA

I I

1

I Other Documentation (field notes surveyexcavation repOlts historical accounts am maps etc) anti VeposiLory

See the report A Phase I Archaeologiltal Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Propoerty City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et al 1992 I on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I Photographic Documentation and Depository I Re90mmendations Phase II archaeological significance evaluation recommended

IAdditional Comments

I

Scale 1 24000

I I 1

I I I I

I r

I I i

I I

Form Completed By (name address affilialion dale) Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 71092 I DHL Number Assigned By Dale I

84-R

II VIl~GINIAII DIVISION OIi I-IISJOl~lC LANDltIAI~l(S

RESEARCH CENTER FOH AHCIIAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM11 j

11 Site Number ~4_N_N_2_78______Name of Site Site A-2

Type of Site DomesticMilitary Cultural Armiatioll 18th19th Century

Il State National Register Status

I USGS Map Reference Mulberry Island 75 1986 18 364000 4104820

vTM Zone Easling Northing --------- shy(Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USGS 75 minute series topographical map showing site boundaries)

III OwnerAddress(lelephone City of Newport News Virginia TenantAddressTelephone NA Site Informant Address1elephone NAI)~ I Surveyed By (name address affiliation dale) Th F H III t f hi 1 R omas Iggms Cen er or Arc aeo oglca esearch

College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 329211r

Genera Environment ~Uld Nearest Water Source The site is located on the Newport News City Prison Farm II

property It is situated on the southern one-third of the property on a broad relatively high landform which overlooks the Warwick and James Rivers The site located approximately 3S feet amst lies immediately adjacent to where the Warwick River enters the James River and at the confluence of theII

Warwick River and Deep Creek Dimensions ofSile

900 feet (274 meters) NW-SE by 650 feet (198 meters) NE-SW Site Description and Survey lechniques

I) Site was identified by systematic screened shovel testing and

pedestrian survey Extant remains of a Civil War earthwork are present on the southern half of the site The earthwork measures approximately 144 feet long and 125 to IS-feet wide

I)i

Condition and Present Land Use Currently in use as the Newport News City Prison farm Site includes 11

fenced castureuyardhsoftball field parking lot and prison dormitory I

Speclmens Ubtatlle and ueposllory

i) Handmade brick wrought and cut nails bottle and table glass

I delftware white saltglazed stoneware coarse earthenware Staffordshire slipware pearl ware and whiteware All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research (WMCAR) Williamsburg Virginia 23185

r

Specimens Reported and OwnersAddresses

NA

I I

I Other Documentation (Held notes surveyexcavation repOl1S historical accounts and maps etc) ami Depository

ISee the report fA Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et aI 1992 on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I

I 1

Photographic Documentation and Depository

Recommendations Phase II archaeological significance evaluation recommended J

I Additional Comments

I

I l

I I I I I I I bullbullII

Scale 124000

Form Completed By (name address affiliation date) 11Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William

and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 6592 DHL Number Assigned By Date I

84-R

I v nGINIA

I DIVISION OF I-IISTOIIC LANDlVIAI~J(S

I RESEARCH CENTEH FOR AUCliAEOLOGY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FOHlVl

I Site Number _4_4_N_N_2_8_0______Name of Site Site A-5

lype of Site Cultural Affiliation Domestic 19thEarly 20th Century

Statel National Register Status

USGS Map Reference Mulberry Island 75 1986

I1 1

VTM Zone 18 Easting 363880 Northing 4105040 ____

(Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USUS 75 minute series topographicallllup showing site boundaries)

OwnerAddressrH~lephoJ1e City of Newport News Virginia

1 lenantAddress1elephone NA Site Informant Address(Hlephone NA

1 Surveyed By (name address affiliation date) Thomas F Higgins III Center for Archaeological Research

College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 3292

I General Envirollment and Nearest Water Source The site is located on the Newport News City Prison Farm

property It is situated on the southern one-third of the property and is located in a yard area immediately I north of the Newport News City Police Dog Kennel The site is located approximately 35 feet ams and approximately 1000 feet north of the Warwick River

I II Dimensions of Site 75 feet (23 meters) E-W by 75 feet (23 meters) N-S

I

I I Site Description and Survey Iechniques Site was identified by systematic screened shovel testing and pedestrian survey

II Condition and Present Land Use Currently in grass-covered yard Possibly impacted by service road to north

II and gravel parking lot to south Specimens Obtained and Depository

I Handmade brick nail fragments oyster shell and ceramic fragments

Ceramic fragments include one fragment of flow blue whiteware and one fragment of embossed greenshyedge decorated pearl ware All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research (WMCAR) Williamsburg Virginia 23185

~ Specimens Reported and Ownels Addresses

I NA

I I

bullbull

I Other DocumentaLion (lielu notes surveyexcavation reports historical accounts amlm3ps etc) unu Deposilory

ISee the report A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et aI 1992 on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I Photographjc Documentation and Depository I Re~ommendations Phase II archaeological significance evaluation recommended


I I I I I I I

I )bull

Scale I 124000Form Completed By (name address aHiliatioll uate)

Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William I and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williams burg VA 23185

ltMhe~umber Assigned By Date I 84-R II

II1

VIHGINIA DIVISION OJ I-IISTOIIC LANDlVIAlI(SII

RESEARCH CENTER FOR ARCHAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FOHlVl1-1

Site Number _~4NN281-_____Name of Site Site B-3II i Type of Site Domestic Cultural AWliation Undetermined prehistoric

18th19th CenturyStatel National Register Status III

II USGS Map Reference Mulberry Island 7S 1986 18 363940 4105100

II UTM Zoue Easting Northing __________

(Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USUS 75 minute series topographical map showing site boundaries)

middot I I City of Newport News Virginia

Ii OwnerIAddressI e ep lone NA Tenant Addressl Telephone N A

I Site InformantAddress(IeJepholle

Surveyed By (name address allilialion date) Thomas F Higgins III Center for Archaeological Research


General Environment am Nearest Water Source The site is located on the Newport News City Prison Farm

property It is situated on the southern one-third of the property It is situated on the southern one-third i of the property and is located in a fenced pasture adjacent to a large barn and farm building complex

Dimensions or Site 600 feet (183 meters) E-W by 250 feet (76 meters) N-S

Site Description and SurveyIechniques Site was identified by systematic screened shovel testing and

IIi I I

pedestrian survey

I~ Condition and Present Land Use Currently in grass-covered pasture Shovel tests suggests that the southern

boundary of the site closest to service road may contain modern filLi Specimens Obtained and Depository

American grey stoneware pearlware wrought and cut nails handmade brick fragments of Quartzite debitage All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center 1 for Archaeological Research (WMCAR) Williamsburg Virginia 23185

Iiii

Specimens Reported and Owners Addresses

I NA

I

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OLher DocumenLaLiull (field noLes surveyexcavation rep0l1s hisLorical aCCOUIlLS amllllaps eLe) awl DeposiLury

See the report A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et aI 1992 on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources I Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I

PhoLographic DucumenLation and Depository

-IReltommendations Phase II archaeological significance evaluation recommended

AdditionaJ Comments I I I I 1

I ]

I I I

-I l

I )

l

-I Scale 124000 I

Form Compleled By (name address affilialiun dale) Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William

and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 6592 I DHL Number Assigned By Dale

~I84-R

I

11 III III

VIHGINIA DIVISION OF I-IISIOIIC LNDJtIAI~lS

HESEAHCH CENTER FOR AHCIIAEOLOGY AHCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTOHY FOHIVI

Site Number -44NN28~2=--_____Name of Site Site C-3Il1

J

lype of Site Procurement CampDomestic Cultural Affiliation Undetermined Prehistoric 20th Century

State National Register Status

USGS Map Reference Mulberry Island 75 1986II1

UTM Zone 18 Easting 363600 Northing 4105440 i (Auch photocopy of appropriate section of USUS 75 minute series topographical map showing site boundaries)

I

OwnerAddress(lelephone City of Newport News Virginia TenantAddressTelephone NA

I Site lnfonnantAddressjl(lephone NA

11 I

J

Surveyed By (name address affiliation date) Thomas F Higgins III Center for ArchaeologicalIii Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23185 3292i 1 General Environment and Nearest Water Source The site is situated in the southwestern quadrant

of the Newport News City Farm property and is located immediately north of access

1 roads which service the Hampton Roads Sanitation plant The site occupying a terrace which rises approximately 25 feet amsl is located approximately 200 feet east of Flax Mill Creek


Site Description and Survey lechniques Site was identified by systematic screened shovel bull 1

testing and pedestrian survey bull

bull 1

Condition amI Present Land Use Currently in an animal enclosure Ground surface has been subject to some erosion and animal-related -disturbanceIi

Specimens Obtained and lJeposiLory Three fragmentsof quartzite debitage one fragment of brick and one fragment of modern bottle glass All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research Collegeof William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23185bull

iI Specimens Reported and OwnersAddresses NA

I I

I Other Documentation (liekl notes surveyexcavation rep0l1s historical accollnts amI maps etc) anll Depository See the report A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm IPark Property City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et al 1992 on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I Photographic Documentation awl Depository I Relommendations No further work is recommended


I I 1

middot1 I I I

Scale 1 24000

Form Completeu By (name address affiliation uate) Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 71092

DHL Number Assigned By Date

84-R

~i)JtitHirtis ~tgtmiddotoint

-+

Name of Site

lype of Site

StateNational Register Status

VIIGINIA DIVISION OF I-IISTOIIC LANDlVIAltl(S

UESEAHCH CENTEU Fon AUCHAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTOUY FOHLVI

Site Number ~4~4N~N2=83~_____C-4

Prehistoric Lithic Scatter Cultural Aiflliation Archaic

Mulberry Island VA USGS Map Reference 1 1

18 363750 4105400 I UTM Zone Easting Nortillng

1 (Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USGS 75 uunute series topographical map shOWing site boundanes) I bull ( City of Newport News Virginia bull Owner Address1elephone

I Tenant Address Telephone

1 Site InfonnantAddresslelephone Surveyed By (name address affiliation date)

II Leslie McFaden Center for ArchaeologicalResearch College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 May 11 1992

I General Environment and Ne~Uest Water Source

Imiddot Site is situated on low terrace approximately 200 meters (650 feet)

east of Flax Mill Creek and 350 meters (1150 feet) northeast of Warwick River

Imiddot I

Dimensions of Site 80 meters (260 feet) N-S by 60 meters (200 feet) E-W

1 ISite Description ano Survey iechniques Site is represented by low density scatter of quartzite debit age no artifact concentrations observed no prehistoric ceramics observed Site possibly is eastern extension of Site C-3 Site C-4 1

bullobserved during pedestrian survey recently-disked field

Site is located in cultivated field recently disked at time of survey 100 percent I Conltiition and Present Land Use

I VIsibility

I Specimens Obtained and Depository 1 quartzite biface (Stage-34) 3 quartzite secondary flakes 1 quartzite

primary flake and 7 fIre-cracked rocks Modern colorless and aqua glass brick fragments and cinders also observed All amprtifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research (WMCAR) Williamsburg VA

I

IISpecimens Reporteo and Owners Addresses

I I

I

I Other Documentation (field notes survcyexcavation reports historical accounts and maps etc) and Depository

See the report A Phase I ArChaeological Survey of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property City of Newport I News Virginia Field notes on fIle at Center for Archaeological Research Collegeof William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia i

I I

Photographic Documentation and Depository I Reommendations No further work -1

IAdditional CommenlS Site possibly is eastern extension of Site C-3 (see above report)

I 1

Scale 124000

Form Completed By (name address affiliation dale) Leslie McFaden and David R Coffey William and Mary

Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 52692 I DHL Number Assigned By Dale I

84-R

I I

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I I 1

I - 1

I I I I I

1

Name of Site

lype of Site

State National Regisler SlatUS

USGS Map Reference

UTMZone

VIlGINIA DIVISION OIi I-IISTOIIC LANDlVIAl~IS

RESEARCH CENTEH FUn AHCIIAEOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGlCAL SITE INVENTORY FORM

Site Number4-4ltNN284______Site D-4

Procurement Camp Cultural A1f1JiltJ fjon PrehistoricWoodland

Mulberry Island 75 1986

18 Easting 364190 Northing 4106170 (Attach photocopy of appropriate section of USGS 75 minute series topographical map showing site boundaries)

111

OwnerAddress1ilephone City of Newport News Virginia Tenant Addressletephone N A Site Infonnant Address(Ielephone N A Il1

I Surveyed By (name address affiliation date) Thomas F Higgins III Center for Archaeological

II Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 3292

II General Environment and Nearest Water Source The site is located in a cultivated field on the Newport News City Farm property It is situated on the northern one-third of the property and is located approximately 350 feet southwest of the intersection of Youngs Road and Menchville Road The site is located approximately 1500 feet northwest of Deep CreekIi


Site Description and Survey Techniques Site was identified by sys tematic surfaceIf

collection across a plowed field

I i

I Condition and Present Land Use Site is currently located in a cultivated field

I J

Specimens Obtained and Depository Three fragments of quartz debitage one proximal fragment of a quartz biface one distal fragment of a hafted biface and one fragment of sand-tempered ceramic All artifacts deposited at the William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research (WMCAR) Williamsburg Vlrginia 23185 bull

II Specimens Reported and Owners Addresses N A

I I

I Other Documentation (field notes surveyexcavattOll repons historical accounts allllllapS etc) anti Depository See the report A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the P~oposed Riverview Farm IPark Property City of Newport News Virginia by T F Higgins et aL 1992 on file at Virginia Division of Historic Resources Richmond Virginia Field notes on file at Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia I Photographic Documentation and Depository I Reltommendations In view of the low density of material recovered during the Phase I survey and the condition (eg plowed) of the site no further work is recommended I Additional Comments

I I 1

1

I I I 1

I I

Scale 1 24000

FOIID Completed By (name address affiliation date) Thomas F Higgins III and David R Coffey William and Mary Center for Archaeological Research College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 71092


84-1lt

I

VIRGINIA RESEARCH CENTER FOR ARCHAEOLOGY SITE SURVEY FORM

111 Name of site Ufper Deep ~ ~(otP 6~ d UJctr DeteMe Site number 4-+ NN 5

llnt Type of site Cvil Wr CCtMp (had MDf~r) Cultural affiliation eZlJ~ (ArI11 i

~p reference tJV lkrrd 1 OS letn6 Qvctd I Latitude 0 north Longitude 0 west

UTM Zone Basting 3bet to NorthingHO 10 0

(or distance from printed edge of map bottom edge __ right edge )ImiddotmiddotI I

Recommendations Pr COV1o lteel 31(VelJ

I

Date

Condition erosion cultivation excavation construction

~ ero$~ otltMj ~ cretk reverJtl6~ VUJ7lleYOVS brlcIcS

Photo MapI Recorded by ~Lz B Date ltj ( 1flo

I I (Use reverse side of sheet and additional pages for sketches of site and artifacts)

I

I SKETCH MAP

I I I I I I I I I bullI -

(Indicate North) Scale I Additional comments

~~ Q M7t ~ I~ ~ iNl ph ~ ~ Ih ~I ~~ I

M a ~ 0V1 tj CL ~k tt middot A~ ~1A~( ~ I folaquo~de ~ ~~ ( ~~ I

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I I I I

APPENDIX C

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I I I I

VIRGINIA File nO121-103

DIVISION OF mSTORIC LANDMARKS HISTORIC DISTRICTBRIEF

SURVEY FORM City Town Village Hamlel Newport Nes City Street lddress or route number Ci ty Farm Road H istunc name

Coumv Newport NeHs City USGS QuacNulberry Is~and Common name

Present use storage Ongmai use famrstead

L Cmstrucrion ~laterials

iicood frame =bnck =bond Enllish =F1e~h __-ourse American =stretcher=other ___________

=stone=random rubble =loursed rubble =ashlar J dressed o rock-faced

log squared o unsquared notchin=Vnotch o half dovetail saddle o full dovetail =square Cdiamond

concrete block terra cotta G steel frame other __________~____

2 Cladding v1aterial

weatherboard [] composition siding venical siding o stucco board amp batten aluminum or vinyl siding=shingle C cast iron =wood o sheet metal

asbestos o enameled metal asphalt o glass

bricktex uOlher -LULL-JLtllttJ-_________

I i

I L

Ii

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Buildimz Style vernacualar Butlding Dare51 1937

3 Storieslnumberl __--lt2--____

low basement raised basement

4 ~avs I number) from ---3--- Side Ichurch) ~ symmetrical asymmetrical

5 RoofType o shed C hipped

Oparapet C pyrarrudal Glgable o mansard

Opediment C false mansard o parapet C gambrel D clipped end flat D cross gable C parapet o cemral front gable C roof not visibleo other _____________________

6 Roofing Material

Pshingle i(] composition (asphalt asbestos etc) Dwood

o metal o standing seam o corrugated o pressed tin (simulated shingles)

o tile o pantiJe 0 flat Cglazed

o slate o not visible

7 Dorrners(numhltr) from __side __ o gable D pedimenf Dshed Dhipped

8 PrimarY Porch style __________________ stories _________________

levels baysmaIerials ________________

description and decorative details

10 Major additions and alterations one-story wrap shed on thes outh and east elevations

II Outbuildings one historic well approximately eight to modern outbuilding that complete the prison complex

barn - 1938 12 Lands~ape Features gateposts stilI present walk~ay toIhollow garden to south as Hell as the James River

IJ Significance

typical early 20th-century colonial revival farmhouse

Surveyed by Scott M Hudlow Date 6592

I

I Phone Date

Address

~Iished Sources Phone I Date

ame Address I Phone Dare I

I

111 and Massing IOle original features additions and alterations)

i lwing of Plan

I9) contd gable end chimneys formerly the Directors house originally a 250 acre tract double pile dpeth gable end returns boxed cornice 1

I I I

I

I 1

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I Historical Informationh of Site Plan I

I 1

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Ibull I

_______________ _

VIRGINIA Ale no 121-104 Negative no(sl DIVISION OF mSTORIC LANDMARKS

2HISTORIC DISTRICTBRIEF SURVEY FORM

Countv Newport News Clty

1 ~ity Town Village Hamlet Newport News City Street address or route numberCi tyFarm Road USGS Quadulberry Island

Histone name ~reUFlert 1gt15 Ci ty Farm Common name

Present use prison Building Style vernacular Ongmal uscprison Building Datetsl 1931~_________

I Construction ~atenals 3 Storieslnumber) __--_____ o low ba5lmem foundatio~ raised basement

wood frame =brick 4 Bavs (number) front 26 side (church) _____I bond =English X] Symmetrical o asymmetrical o Flemish

I c __-cou~ American 5 RoofType stretcher o shed o hippedwother __________ o parapet o pyramidal

II =stone o gable o mansard

random rubble Opediment o false mansard coursed rubble o parapet o gambrel ashlar 0 dressed o clipped end Ollat

o rock-faced o cross gable o parapet Clog o central front gable 11 roof not visible

II o other ____________________o squared Ounsquared

notchinlt J Vnolch o halfdovetail 6 Roofing Material o saddle o full dovetail

II II

o square o diamond oconcrete block c terra cotta o steel frame J other

II

o shingle o composition (asphalt asbestos etc) owood

o meta o standing seam o corrugated o pressed tin (simulated shingles)

2 Cladding Material o tile o panLile 0 flat oglazed

C weatherboard o composition siding o slate (J vertical siding o stucco Iil not visible o board amp batten o aluminum or vinyl siding Cshingle o cast iron 7 Donners(number) front __side __

Jwood o sheet metal o gable 0 pediment J asbestos o enameled metal o shed asphalt OgJass o hipped

bricktex other ______________

8 Primary Porcilstyle ________________ stori~

levels bays __~_____mmerials __________________


9 General supplementary description and decoration IT b rl pr Q

barracks bars on windows sixteen pan~ ~iB8Sws ~~lek stack fP r boiler room slight parapets in corners

10 Major additions and alterations several additions including a kitchen complex and the work release area

I I I 13 Signiftcance

early 20th-century prison complex

I Date 5692Scott M Hudlow

I

Ii II II

I Address

Phone Date

~ame Address

blisheQ Sources IPhone Date

~ame Address I Phone Date I

n and ~g(~ole original features additions and alterations)

I Iwing ofPlan

I 11) cont d period and the hole a one-st ory frame outbuilding that houses a hole

large enough for ne priqaner ana a chair an early 20th-century form of solitary confinement I

I I I I

~~-~--~~~--~~~----------------__ Histomallnfonnation I

bullII middotJI

I I I i

I

CONTINUATION

Abandoned Farmstead City Farm Road

Newport News Virginia

I II

Ii

II Ii II II

1

I I I I I I

CONTINUATION

Newport News City FarmI

City Farm Road Newport News Virginia

Ii III

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---

11

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CONTINUATION

Newport News City Farm City Farm Road


I I I I I I -

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MANAGEMENTSUM~Y

During ~arch 1992 a Phase I cultural resource survey was conducted by the William and Mary Center for ArchaeologIcal Research (WMCAR) of the Proposed Riverview Farm Park Property in the City of Newport News Virginia Included in this study was an investigation of a parcel located adjacent to the Newport News City landfill north of the Riverview Farm property This investigation had two goals to provide specific information concerning the nature and distribution of archaeological and architectural resources located on the properties and to formulate management recommendations for these resources which could serve as the basis for a preservation and development plan

A combined total of 433 shovel tests was dug in five different areas (Areas A-E) designated within the project area Areas A B C and D corresponded with the Riverview Farm property while Area E encompassed the parcel located adjacent to the landfill north of this latter area Within Areas A B C and E shovel tests were systematically placed at intervals of 75 ft (2261 m) or less Soils from the shovel test holes were carefully trowel-sorted and passed through l4-inch screen for artifact recovery Area D characterized by plowed fields was subjected to systematic surface collection This latter area accounted for approximately two thirds of the total project area

A total of nine sites and six archaeological locations were identified within the project area including Sites 44NN278 44NN280 and Locations A-I and A-2 in Area A Site 44NN281 in Area B Sites 44NN282 and 44NN283 in Area C Sites 44NN69 44NN68 44NN284 and Locations D-4 D-5 D-6 and D-7 in Area D and Site 44NN51 in Area E The sites represent historic and prehistoric archaeological resources while the locations represent areas which potentially contain archaeological remains dating to these periods The types of resources identified in the project area and the management recommendations for these resources are summarized below

SIte 44NN69 is a seventeenth- to nineteenth-century domestic site located along the western boundary of the property and immediately adjacent to the Denbigh Plantation housing development The site identified in 1981 by the Virginia Research Center for Archaeology (VRCA) is represented by a surface scatter of domestic and architectural artifacts The artifact surface collection made during this initial survey and subsequent collections made more recently by local collectors include English clay tobacco pipe stems bottle glass and ceramic fragments The ceramic types recovered consisted of fragments of William Rogers coarse earthenware Staffordshire iron glaze earthenware and an Iberian olive jar The research results indicates that the site measures approximately 650 by 350 ft (1962 by 1056 m) Site 44NN69 is recommended for Phasemiddot II archaeological evaluation due to its seventeenth eighteenth and nineteenth-century occupations its possible association with nearby historic Mathews Manor and Denhigh Plantation sites and the potential for the occurrence of intact subsurface features

Site 44NN278 is the largest of the seven sites identified within the project area measuring approximately 900 ft (2716m) east-west by 650 ft (1962 m) north-south (approximately 8 a) It encompasses most of the southeast quadrant of the project area Shovel test units placed across this area revealed a broad scatter of eighteenth and nineteenth century domestic and architectural artifacts including fragments of handmade brick wrought and cut nails bottle and table glass delftware white salt glazed stoneware coarse earthenware Staffordshire slipware pearlware and whiteware In addition to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century artifact scatter associated with domestic occupation Site 44NN278 contains a nineteenth-century military component The remains of a possible Civil War earthwork are visible in the yard immediately south of the prison dormitory Phase II archaeological evaluation is recommended fof Site 44NN278 in light of its abgte its possible historicll association with late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Warwicktown and the possibility or intact subsurface features

Site 44NN281 is located within a fenced pasture approximately 200 ft north of Site 44NN278 and lies immediately adjacent to a complex of farm buildings Sandy loam deposits within this area contained a scatter of eighteenth and nineteenth century domestic and architectural artifacts including fragments of pearlware

ii

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REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors





Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor


Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

vi

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Ii List of Figures


Page

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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LIST OF FIGURES

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II III III

Introduction

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4

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II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




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Introduction


Historical Research

II




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Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


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Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







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1 Survey Methods


















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- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



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237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

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129 131 bull 22S(

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1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

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0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


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KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

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1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

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LOCATION A-2

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083

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1590

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152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

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265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

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304

0 305

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PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

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Area B


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20 8

30 12


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Sandy Clay Loam





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Area C







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0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

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3250 03330318

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44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

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KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1


o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY



~ N




44


I


I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

i

I I I I I I I I

1

I I I

I

I l

I 1

I )

I t

I I )

I I

l11

46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

I I

I I I

1

I I L

I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


I OJ





I J




62

i

middot I I

I I III I ~ 1

i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

I )

I

I 1

I -I I r

I I I

I I

I I

11 II 11

II 1-]

I I I II Ii

11I I

APPENDIX B

I I

I I I I

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SUPPLEMENTI1











IIi i








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I I I I I I I

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Name of Site

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84-R

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Name of Site

lype of Site


USGS Map Reference

UTMZone







111








I i


I J



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84-1lt

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~~ Q M7t ~ I~ ~ iNl ph ~ ~ Ih ~I ~~ I


I

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APPENDIX C

I I I I I I

I I I 1

I I

1

I I 1

Ibull I I

I I I I















I i

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Ii

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6 Roofing Material












IJ Significance



I

I Phone Date

Address



I


i lwing of Plan


I I I

I

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_______________ _















II II


II
















I

Ii II II

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Phone Date

~ame Address




I Iwing ofPlan



I I I I


bullII middotJI

I I I i

I

CONTINUATION



I II

Ii

II Ii II II

1

I I I I I I

CONTINUATION



Ii III

I

-I I

bullI I

II1

I I I

I I I I I

I I

Ibull I


---

11

I 1 1-1

II I Ii I II il Iii

~ ~


CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

I I

I I

I 1

I

Ibull

I

11



1










I iii

II









IV

I I I I I

II


JII

I

111

I] Il i

Il Ir

Il I

Ilii I Ii II1

I

I I

1 ~ I

I

I I I I



v

REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors





Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor


Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

vi

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I 1

I l

I l

I I I l-

I I 1

I

~I

II

I 11


Ii List of Figures


Page

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

bull bull viii











IJ I

rII 1

I

bullI I I vii

I

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

I I 1


II


I I


1 25



















I




I ix

I


I I I


I ~

I I 1

I

1 I I

I 1

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I 1

I f

I I i

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II III III

Introduction

IIII



I 1








I 1

I

I

I I I

1 I iI iI I

4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


~ N

t- j 5




2




i


~

IiI

Ii1

I II 1 1 II I Ii I

J

Ili

I bullI I i

I


3

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I I I I

I I 11

4

I

Ii I CHAPTER 2


II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

t-N

o 4000 feet





6








IilI











7




I I I

I )

I I I I i

I I

8


Introduction


Historical Research

II




I-j


I (









I

9

I





10



I






I 1



I I


I JI

II~ 1

II II 1 Ii II

i

Ii Ii

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bullI

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bull ~

bull 1


bullbull II

1amp

~ ~ 4Qbullbull f

bullbull

t -


I I


I 11

I

to


j I

o 1 miles

~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

1

Ii11

II- I

11

IiI

IiI

I1

i 11 I

I I

f

I I I Figure 7

I

I

o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

I I

1

l

I


I 1



14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

)1

)1

I I I I I I- 1

Ii Ii Ii Ii

Ii ill

I I I I I

1 J




19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

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KEY




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10 4

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42



I JJ-J 00 I

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43






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46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

I I

I I I

1

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I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


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I J




62

i

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i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

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USGS Map Reference

UTMZone







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6 Roofing Material












IJ Significance



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I I I

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Phone Date

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bullII middotJI

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CONTINUATION



I II

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1

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CONTINUATION



Ii III

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bullI I

II1

I I I

I I I I I

I I

Ibull I


---

11

I 1 1-1

II I Ii I II il Iii

~ ~


CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

I I

I I

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IV

I I I I I

II


JII

I

111

I] Il i

Il Ir

Il I

Ilii I Ii II1

I

I I

1 ~ I

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I I I I



v

REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors





Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor


Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

vi

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I 1

I l

I l

I I I l-

I I 1

I

~I

II

I 11


Ii List of Figures


Page

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

bull bull viii











IJ I

rII 1

I

bullI I I vii

I

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

I I 1


II


I I


1 25



















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I ix

I


I I I


I ~

I I 1

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II III III

Introduction

IIII



I 1








I 1

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1 I iI iI I

4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


~ N

t- j 5




2




i


~

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3

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I I I I

I I 11

4

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Ii I CHAPTER 2


II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

t-N

o 4000 feet





6








IilI











7




I I I

I )

I I I I i

I I

8


Introduction


Historical Research

II




I-j


I (









I

9

I





10



I






I 1



I I


I JI

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II II 1 Ii II

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bull ~

bull 1


bullbull II

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bullbull

t -


I I


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to


j I

o 1 miles

~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

1

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I I I Figure 7

I

I

o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

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l

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14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

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I I I I I I- 1

Ii Ii Ii Ii

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I I I I I

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19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

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LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

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I I 1

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I I I I I ]1

----

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bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

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10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

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KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1


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0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

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KEY



~ N




44


I


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10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

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I I I I I I I I

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I I )

I I

l11

46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

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bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

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60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

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62

i

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i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

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I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

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11 II 11

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USGS Map Reference

UTMZone







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6 Roofing Material












IJ Significance



I

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I I I

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II
















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Phone Date

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bullII middotJI

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CONTINUATION



I II

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1

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CONTINUATION



Ii III

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bullI I

II1

I I I

I I I I I

I I

Ibull I


---

11

I 1 1-1

II I Ii I II il Iii

~ ~


CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

I I

I I

I 1

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Ibull

I

111

I] Il i

Il Ir

Il I

Ilii I Ii II1

I

I I

1 ~ I

I

I I I I



v

REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors





Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor


Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

vi

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I 1

I l

I l

I I I l-

I I 1

I

~I

II

I 11


Ii List of Figures


Page

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

bull bull viii











IJ I

rII 1

I

bullI I I vii

I

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

I I 1


II


I I


1 25



















I




I ix

I


I I I


I ~

I I 1

I

1 I I

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II III III

Introduction

IIII



I 1








I 1

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I I I

1 I iI iI I

4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


~ N

t- j 5




2




i


~

IiI

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J

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3

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I I I I

I I 11

4

I

Ii I CHAPTER 2


II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

t-N

o 4000 feet





6








IilI











7




I I I

I )

I I I I i

I I

8


Introduction


Historical Research

II




I-j


I (









I

9

I





10



I






I 1



I I


I JI

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II II 1 Ii II

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bull ~

bull 1


bullbull II

1amp

~ ~ 4Qbullbull f

bullbull

t -


I I


I 11

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to


j I

o 1 miles

~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

1

Ii11

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11

IiI

IiI

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I I

f

I I I Figure 7

I

I

o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

I I

1

l

I


I 1



14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

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I I I I I I- 1

Ii Ii Ii Ii

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I I I I I

1 J




19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

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I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

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10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

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o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY



~ N




44


I


I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

i

I I I I I I I I

1

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I t

I I )

I I

l11

46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

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I I

I I I

1

I I L

I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


I OJ





I J




62

i

middot I I

I I III I ~ 1

i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

I )

I

I 1

I -I I r

I I I

I I

I I

11 II 11

II 1-]

I I I II Ii

11I I

APPENDIX B

I I

I I I I

1

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SUPPLEMENTI1











IIi i








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bullbull




I I I I I I I

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pedestrian survey




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bullbull






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11 III III




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Name of Site

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I VIsibility



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Scale 124000



84-R

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Name of Site

lype of Site


USGS Map Reference

UTMZone







111








I i


I J



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I I 1

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Scale 1 24000



84-1lt

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~~ Q M7t ~ I~ ~ iNl ph ~ ~ Ih ~I ~~ I


I

iI 1

ltI)

1 I

1 I

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IIi

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APPENDIX C

I I I I I I

I I I 1

I I

1

I I 1

Ibull I I

I I I I















I i

I L

Ii

I I








6 Roofing Material












IJ Significance



I

I Phone Date

Address



I


i lwing of Plan


I I I

I

I 1

I 1


I 1

I I I

Ibull I

_______________ _















II II


II
















I

Ii II II

I Address

Phone Date

~ame Address




I Iwing ofPlan



I I I I


bullII middotJI

I I I i

I

CONTINUATION



I II

Ii

II Ii II II

1

I I I I I I

CONTINUATION



Ii III

I

-I I

bullI I

II1

I I I

I I I I I

I I

Ibull I


---

11

I 1 1-1

II I Ii I II il Iii

~ ~


CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

I I

I I

I 1

I

Ibull

REPORT CONTRIBUTORS

Authors





Artifact Inventory

Copy Editor


Donald W Linebaugh

David W Lewes

Charles M Downing

Scott M Hudlow

Deborah Davenport

Susan Wise-Bauer

vi

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I 1

I l

I l

I I I l-

I I 1

I

~I

II

I 11


Ii List of Figures


Page

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

bull bull viii











IJ I

rII 1

I

bullI I I vii

I

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

I I 1


II


I I


1 25



















I




I ix

I


I I I


I ~

I I 1

I

1 I I

I 1

I )

I 1

I f

I I i

~I

x I 1


II III III

Introduction

IIII



I 1








I 1

I

I

I I I

1 I iI iI I

4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


~ N

t- j 5




2




i


~

IiI

Ii1

I II 1 1 II I Ii I

J

Ili

I bullI I i

I


3

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I I I I

I I 11

4

I

Ii I CHAPTER 2


II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

t-N

o 4000 feet





6








IilI











7




I I I

I )

I I I I i

I I

8


Introduction


Historical Research

II




I-j


I (









I

9

I





10



I






I 1



I I


I JI

II~ 1

II II 1 Ii II

i

Ii Ii

I

bullI

~

~

ii 1

bull ~

bull 1


bullbull II

1amp

~ ~ 4Qbullbull f

bullbull

t -


I I


I 11

I

to


j I

o 1 miles

~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

1

Ii11

II- I

11

IiI

IiI

I1

i 11 I

I I

f

I I I Figure 7

I

I

o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

I I

1

l

I


I 1



14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

)1

)1

I I I I I I- 1

Ii Ii Ii Ii

Ii ill

I I I I I

1 J




19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1


o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY



~ N




44


I


I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

i

I I I I I I I I

1

I I I

I

I l

I 1

I )

I t

I I )

I I

l11

46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

I I

I I I

1

I I L

I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


I OJ





I J




62

i

middot I I

I I III I ~ 1

i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

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6 Roofing Material












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CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

I I

I I

I 1

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I 11


Ii List of Figures


Page

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

bull bull viii











IJ I

rII 1

I

bullI I I vii

I

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

I I 1


II


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II III III

Introduction

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4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


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I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I I I I

I I 11

4

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Ii I CHAPTER 2


II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

t-N

o 4000 feet





6








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7




I I I

I )

I I I I i

I I

8


Introduction


Historical Research

II




I-j


I (









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9

I





10



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I 1



I I


I JI

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II II 1 Ii II

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bull ~

bull 1


bullbull II

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bullbull

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~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

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o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

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14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

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I I I I I I- 1

Ii Ii Ii Ii

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I I I I I

1 J




19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1


o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY



~ N




44


I


I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

i

I I I I I I I I

1

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I

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46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

I I

I I I

1

I I L

I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


I OJ





I J




62

i

middot I I

I I III I ~ 1

i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

Bull et


Lead
















B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

13




I I I I

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CONTINUATION



I I I I I I -

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I I

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page
























viii

I I I I I I

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Introduction

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4000 feet0

I1 kilometers0


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II Introduction











5


Site 44NN68




I I I

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o 4000 feet





6








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I I I

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Introduction


Historical Research

II




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~ o 1 kilometers


12

11

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o 1 miles

~ o 2 kiiometers1~


13

2 miles

~ o 4 kilometers

I I I I I

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14


----shy shy

o 9 miles

~ o 12 kilometers



I 15




Site 44NN19


Site 44NN20


I II

I I I I I

I I I I I - I I I I


I il


Site 44NN21


Site 44NN270


Site 44NN74




17








Site 44NN41


Site 44NN51


Site 44NN69







1 18

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I I I I I I- 1

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19

bullbull bull


bullII II JI

20

11

11


1 Survey Methods


















21

I I

KEY

- SURFACE COLLECTED

- SHOVEL TESTED



22

1 1 1 I

1

1 Ibull-

bull -I I 1

-I








I 23

I













I I



24

1

III

II 111

II I 11 I

1

IIII 087

090

I 091

95 100

104 103

244 0243

0245 0 242

0241


j 240 KEY


097 0105

0110

237 0238

~236 121 ~~


123 bull 17 126 ~ 2~ 0227

0106 0111


0112 BUILDINGSQ116

0119

0 120

129 131 bull 22S(

130 0132 13~ ~ 0 22

5

133 0 136 224-~-2-1-6-2-12 161 140 ~ 211J

0160 0 0164 143 bullbull 134 0137 vO 223 0218 0 215

0162


142e0138 laquo~ - -210 213 220 0 209


1860 0168~ 167 0 170 0171 176 207

190~le5173 0175 0179

169 89 0 174 0204

0177 ~ 203 208

0 205

r206

0

0192

0

201

191 e196 195

193 e 197 0 198

e 194 200

199

JAMES RIVER


I 25

KEY 200 feet



I0110 1 016

I~ 0 12 017

ijl 1

1 1018 023 028 )()

PARKING 067 035 024 ~

7~ 036 062 lt 0 68 ~ 034

- ~ 59- A

(0 Iltt7 O~ 460044 DWELUNG ~60 630 ~ Y~17

045

037 55~~ 058~65q~78 ~ 530 0fi71 0

0 80

0 52

051 050

5400 4 ~ to

SMOKEH~~SE

LOCATION A-2

082

083

085 084 149

1590

79

0 88

920

145

1480 147 ltl146

152 o153 155154 bull oo 0

o 156

157


26

I I I I I I I I

- 1

I I I I I

I

II JI 11 11

III IIII ill

1

I~ II

II

IiI

Ii Ii

04

010

05

0 9

08

015

016

KEY



~- BUILDINGS

265

0 264

0260

256

o 257

258 0282

o 259 281 0293

0276 0292 0316

294 0317 0291

0 261 0275 0296 0295

~ 80 0278 0290


277 27 bull 289


272 0 299

300

271

0286

ia7 0315

017 022 0246 266 0 270

014

304

0 305

023 ~028 -~ 267 0269 0285 ~ (

PARKING 0 67 ~ 024 gt PARK~ 0 268-284

DWELUNG 0 62 ~o68h

~iJ~~i~~1~O283~44 N281

o 0 58 q ~O 18 010 W rSsO 051 ~ 080 086 ~056 Itgt 019 071

-0- 44NN280 o 400 feet

LOCATION Aw2

o 100 meters -=-shy

0 306 0312

0308

0 3100313 0307

~ 309

t

1

I I


27bull

I I

--

o o

10 4

A20 8

30 12

40 16B

50 20

C60 24 L-- ___ -shy


KEY




o o A

10 4

20 8

B 3Q 12

40 r 16 _shy -


KEY



J If l IIshy

A

B

C

0 ----- shy

o

10

20

30

centimeters

I I

o I 4 I 8

I 12

Inches I KEY I





28 1 II

I-1

IIII Ii-l I

II II II II II~i

11 middot1I

Ii

bull I I

I I

I

oo

410 A

20 8

30 12

40 16

centimeters Inches

KEY


Sandy Clay Subsoil









I 29

I

- _- shy

~ tI ~ ~ 5 ~ c St

~ ~

~ ~ gt

t5 ~ (I

~

~

~ I

-~

sect u ~ C

-l ~

5 ~ t ~

~ ~ (I

~ ~Lt

oo

A 410

20 8B

12

40

30

16

c SO 20

-- -shy50 D 24

centimeters inches

KEY







31





Area B


-- ---

IIJJLJJ

A

~

C

0 - shy-- shy

oo

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





Sandy Clay Loam





32

I I 1

A

B

C

J J L J ~ 0o shy

If-410 shy

20 shy f-8 I 30 shy -12


1 j

I ]

KEY




I 1



1



III i

II III



o A

o

10 4

20 8

30 12


KEY





33


Area C







KEY



3430 0 342

0341

0340

338

o 331 345 o 0 335

344 0 ~30 6334 0 327 336 ~3~7 0 323

32~328 0326 0319 0332 0322 431

3250 03330318

0324 0321 I 0320 0317

44NN282 0316

44NN283 o 200------ feet

o 100 meters

I I I I I I I I 1

1

I I 1

1

I I 1

middot1 1

I 1

11


34

JlfJs - 0o shy

-410 shyA

-820 shy


KEY






35

oo

410

A 820

30 12


KEY






AreaD




centimeters inches

KEY



Silty Clay Subsoil



36


I 1

I t J Js 0o shy I 1

410 shyA I

20 shy - 8

I 1

1- _____


-1 KEY I







II I


I 11





I1








I I

37

I





397 396 399 398 0 0

401 400 0 0 403 402 0 0

405 404 0 0 407 406 0 0

411 410 409 4amp8 0 0 413 412 0 0 0 o 0

r------

I I 44NN284


AND ASSOC 3-10-91 I

I

I

I _l

LOC~

o 400 feet




38

I I I I I 1

--1

I I 1

I 1

I l

I I 1

I 1

I I I I I ]1

----

III

I

bull I Ii Iibull

II i J

Ii Ii

I i

o - J Jv - 0

10 - A r-4

20 - - 8

B 30 - - shy - shy -12


KEY






00

10 4 A

8

30

20


KEY







I 39

oo

10 4

A 20 8

30 12 B


KEY



Sandy Loam





40



I 1


I 1



I 1







I II II1 I


LOCATION 0-7

~~I 0395 ~

03820394

0393 0 383 bull 381

o 392 0384 0 3BO 0368

0385o 391

03860390

0387 03770389

o 388 0376




41

~ 0

1-4

A 1-8

30 shy ~12 8 _-- shy


KEY




o o

10 4

A

20 8

1230 j 1- ___B _


KEY





42



I JJ-J 00 I

410 A I20 8 j

8 1- ____ shy


1

I KEY I1




I I


I I


I I



A

B ------

40 J

oo

4

20

10

8

30 12


KEY





AreaE


43






I I I I 1

I I I I -I

I I 1

I 1

I 1


o 346

0347

0348

0349

t--t 0350

8~~NN51 0 351

~l 0 352

KEY



~ N




44


I


I il

o o

10 4

A 20 8

30 12

8 40 16

centimeters inches

KEY





45

i

I I I I I I I I

1

I I I

I

I l

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I )

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I I )

I I

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46


II III I




Survey Metbodology





o 4000 feet






47




I



I I




I I I

I

48 I 1

Survey Catalog

Structure 121-103

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

City Farm

City Farm Road


1937 (house) 1938 (barn)




49

I



50

I I I I I I I I 1

I I I I I I -I

)

I __ fl 1 jl



51

StfUcture 121-104

Name

Address

Description

Date

Impact

Significance

Recommendations

I I





52

I I I I I I I I I

I I Ii1

Ii I

I 1

I II II II I

I I I

I I I I II



53


S4

I Il

J

I

II Ii II II -II

1

II II I I

-I I

I I I I I



55

56

Research Summary









II Ii








57


0 800 feet

~ o 200 meters


58


Ibull I I II

II II Ii 1i

illI

Ilt II IIlt) I

1 II II1 I

11

i i

I I

Ii

bullI j

II




59











I I I I

)

I I

I I I

1

I I L

I l

I I t

I I I J

60

II 1 bullI II

Harwick River


0

De~p cr~e~ Harbor


61

I


I OJ





I J




62

i

middot I I

I I III I ~ 1

i 1 II I 1

I Ii I I II II

bullI IbullI I





63









I 1







I I


I 1

II 64 II

I

---~


Anonymous 1982

Bailey James P 1951


Cram TJ 1862




1983

Hayes Timothy 1992

Noel Hume Ivor 1966

1968

REFERENCES CITED













---__-------------------- shy

I 65

-

I Humphreys AA




1989



McKnight Floyd 1959





Rouse Parke 1987

Shenk DD et aI 1947









1 66

I I








67

I I I I -

I

I I 1

I I I

~I

II

1

I 1 iII

bullbull IbullI ~

I I

APPENDIX A

I I I

I I 1

-1

I I I 1

I I -I 1

-I

I



Subclass 2


--_ __ ----------------~------- --------------~----~--- ~-------~-----~----------















Provenience Total















-----~~----------------


_1_- - - shy



-----------~-------------











I I I I shy

I -



-------------~----- -------------~----------- --------------------------shy -----------~~---------------_ _ _ __

































--



~-------~----------------

--------~--- ~ ---shy shy ----shy --- --------------~- -_ _ _ _-_ _-shy
















- - -




















-







Provenience Total 2














--- --- -- ---












--------------------~ ----~----------- ---------- ---- _

2






Provenience Total

--- --- - - - - - shy-- -~--- _shy -~



___________ ww _________ -- -_ _ _ ---_ -_ -----~-----------~----- ----~-------------


















Provenience Total 2















- --gt_ - - shy


Provenience Group

--------~~-----~---

Class __ ~w ___ ~ _____ ~ ________ ~_


--_-----_ _-----_ __ _- shy

















Provenience Total 6



-- - - -

















-_






Provenience Total 5














-- - - - - - - -



















--- -- -- --- - -~ -~



~----~----------~--- --- --------- - ------------~-- - -----------------------~

















----------------------

- -




















_____ ~ _____ _middot _______ 4 __

----------------------~--------~-- -----------------~---------- - ----_ __ ----_ shy
















Provenience Total 5




















- - -



~---~----~-----~---- ~------------------------ -----------~-- ---------~---






Provenience Total 4












-



















- - --- -- -- -- _- -- --- --- - - - - shy-- -~ -~



__ bull _________ M ___________ M ___ _ _-- --_ - -- _shy----~----------------------------------------~---


Provenience Total 4















- -




- -_ --shy --_ shy ---shy ----------~-------
















- ---------------



- -----shy-----------------------~----------- --- ----~-~--------------



Provenien~e Total 3




Provenience Total 2











- -- -


















Provenience Total

-- -- - --___ _ _- _c _ _- _- _- -~ ~ --~ --- ~- --~- ~-- --- --- --- --- -~ -- -- -- -- --

















Provenience Total 5



















- _-- _-- _-- _c- _- _-gt _~ _- _- _r- _~ _r~ _~ _I _i _


Provenience

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN68 SURF

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

44NN69 ST 427

_=-- -=_ ____________shy

Group



Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material






Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking

Architectural



Class



Historic Bone

Misc Material


Ceramic Tableware

Ceramic Tableware



Pipes

Pipes

Pipes

Pipes


Ceramic Tableware


Object

Bottle

Jar

Unsorted Bone

Mineral

Unidentified

Plate

Unidentified

Bottle Bottle

Bottle





Brick

Unidentified

Bottle

Datable Attribute

Colorless Glass

Machine Made

CoalCinder

CE Yorktown


Delftware


Free Blown

Hand Made

Del ftware

Colored Glass

_-


Neck

Rim



Base

664 5

764


Dark Green

- -


















_- ____bull __ ___- _________- _--- _ bull J ___-- _



--_ _--- - - -- -shy



















Provenience Total 1
















-



~---~-----~-------- -------~--~----~ --~------~------










Provenience Total 9



Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 2



A ST 029

-A ST 029

A ST 029

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 034

A ST 036

A ST 038

A ST 039

A ST 039

A ST 050

A ST 051

A ST 052

A ST 052

----~--------~-------

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Hist FaunaLFloral

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Arch i tectural

Architectural

Unassigned Material

--------------------~-~


ElectricTelecommun

Nai ls

Nails

Historic Shell

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow GLass

Historic Shell

Misc Material

IJindow Glass

IJindow Glass

Nai Is

Misc Materi al

---~-------------------~-------

Brick

Insulator

Nai l(s)

Nail(s)

Mollusk

Ring

IJi re

Pane Glass

Pane GLass

Mollusk

Mineral

Pane Glass

Pane Glass

Nail (s)

Mineral

_ - _- ---shy

Hand Made

Porcelain

Unidentified

Unidentified

ferrous

Ferrous

Cut

CoalCinder

---_ _-- ----------_ _- _ - shy


2

Provenience Total 6

1

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

8

Provenience Total 9

Provenience Total

Provenience Total

1Iiiij- - - _- _~ _- _- _~ ___- ___-- _J _ _-- _ - shy



-- ---- -~-~--~---- ----~---------------- -_ __------- ----------------shy --~--~-----------~---------- _ _-_ _ __ _

Provenience Total 2





Provenience Total 4






Provenience Total 8








- - -

















-


Provenience Group

Architectural

Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Architectural


Hist FaunalFloral

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material

Unassigned Material


Unassigned Material

Architectural

Architectural

Archi tectural

CLass

Nails

Misc Material


Nails

Nails


Historic Bone

Misc Hardware

Misc Material

Misc Material


Misc Material


Nai Is

Window Glass

Object

Nail(s)

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Nail (s)

Bottle

Unsorted Bone

Unidentified

Mineral

Scrap Metal

Bottle

Mineral

Briellt

Nail(s)

Plate Glass

Datable Attribute

Wi re

CoalCinder

Hand Made

Cut

Unidentified

Colorless Glass

Ferrous

CoalCinder

Ferrous

Colored Glass

Ceramic




Provenience Total

Provenience Total 1

2

2

13

3

3


Provenience Total 2

2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

ST

ST

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

S1

ST

ST

ST

ST

157

159

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

206

207

207

SURF

SURF

SURF


Provenience

A SURF


Class

AmmunitionArtiLLery

Object -shy

bull _________ ~ _______ w _____________

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B

B

ST 241

ST 241

Architectural

Architectural


Nai ls

Brick

Nail(s)

Hand Made




- IIIIIIif shy _ _-- _- _- _- _ _--- _ _~ _--- _-1 _- _ _ _ - shy

-- -- J~~_~_



--------------~-----~------ - __ _-- - _









Machine Made








Hand Made


- - -


















_ _________ _- ___-- _J _ _~ _~ _~~-






Provenience Total 4


















B














Provenience Total 2

- - shy- -- --- -- -- --- -~ -- --- -- -- -- shy-~

_=-___--=-__-- _ _I _~-=-- ___~g_ _~ _ _--=----_


















---

--- - -






















Provenience Total 3




Provenience Total 3







Provenience Total 8






Provenience Total 8



Class ------_ ----shy ---_ _shy



Descriptor _ - shy
















~~-~------~~----~-



----------~--------- --------------- ------------------------ - -_ _--------------------_ - -shy













Provenience Total


















shy


























t

t








- - shy



--_ _ - shy


Provenience Total 3






Provenience Total 2





Qpaque White

4 1


Provenience Total





Provenience Total


















- shy


- -


















- shy



--~--~-------- - - ------_ _----------- - - - --- - - - --- -- -- -shy-----~-------------------------


Provenience Total 8





Provenience Total 6































----------- -- -- -- -- -- _ - ____--J-=-- -~---- ---=----~ ~---~--







Provenience Total 9









Provenience Total 4







--



















Datable Attribute

~hiteware

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Colored Glass

CoLored GLass

Colorless Glass

SolarizedMaganese

Plated

Hand Made


Hand Made

Cut

Whiteware

Colored Glass

Ferrous


2 3

Amber

Green 2

Green-blue 4

3

10


2


4

Base

Green-blue

--- - -- --- --- -- -- --- -- - shy

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