제1회무선네트워크Cross Layer 디자인워크샵 - ajou.ac.krwinner.ajou.ac.kr/publication/data/invited/20070412.pdf · 2007-04-27 · Cross Layer QoS Mapping and Handover

Cross Layer Cross Layer QoSQoSMapping and HandoverMapping and Handover

제 1회 무선 네트워크 Cross Layer 디자인 워크샵

한국과학기술회관

2007,04,12 ~ 13

Jae-Hyun Kim

WWireless IInformation aNNd NNetwork EEngineering RResearch Lab.Ajou University, Koreae-mail: [email protected]

Jae-Hyun KimAjou University 2

Contents Contents

Cross-Layer Design Concept

QoS Provisioning Technologies in Wireless Access Networks

Cross-Layer QoS Mapping

Cross-Layer QoS Mobility

Summary and Discussion

Jae-Hyun KimAjou University

AV StreamingVoiceGameFTPWEB, …

QoS Definition

QoSQoS ??????

QoS Provisioning Tech.(Bandwidth, Latency, Jitter)

““A set of service requirements to be met by the A set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a flow.network while transporting a flow.””IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

““The collective effect of service performance The collective effect of service performance which determines the degree of satisfaction of a user which determines the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.of the service.””ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication)


EndEnd--User User QoSQoS ExpectationExpectation

Key performance parameters and target valuesApplication Data rate

One-way Delay Delay Variation Information loss

Conversational voice 4-25 kb/s <150 msec preferred<400 msec limit

< 1 msec < 3% FER

Videophone 32-384 kb/s < 150 msec preferred<400 msec limit,

< 1% FER

Telemetry <28.8 kb/s < 250 msec N.A Zero

Interactive games < 1 KB < 250 msec N.A Zero

Telnet < 1 KB < 250 msec N.A Zero

Voice messaging 4-13 kb/s < 1 sec for playback < 2 sec for record

< 1 msec < 3% FER

Web-browsing < 4 sec /page N.A Zero

Transaction services – high priority e.g. e-

commerce, ATM

< 4 sec N.A Zero

E-mail (server access) < 4 sec N.A Zero

High quality streaming audio 32-128 kb/s < 10 sec < 1 msec < 1% FER

Bulk data transfer/retrieval < 10 sec N.A ZeroReference: 3GPP TSG-SA Working Group 1, TSGS1#4(99)529, 5-9 July 1999


Cross Layer ProtocolsCross Layer Protocols

PHY

- HARQ

- PHY PDU

MAC

- Fragmentation/Defragmentation

- ARQ (Selective Repeat)

-- SchedulerScheduler- MAC PDU

- Concatenation/ Deconcatenation

- Ranging

CS

-- Service Class MappingService Class Mapping-- QoSQoS Parameter MappingParameter Mapping-- SFID/CID MappingSFID/CID Mapping

IP

- Routing Protocol (RIP, OSPF etc)

- IP/MAC Address Mapping

TCP/UDP

- Connection Open/Close

- Congestion AvoidanceCongestion Avoidance

Application

- Traffic Generator

PHY

MAC

CS

L1

L2

IP

App. Header Data

App. Header DataTCP/UDP

Header

Fragmentation of MAC SDU Block

MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU...

Fragmentation of MAC SDU

Sub-headerHeader

Block Sub-headerHeader

Burst

MAC SDU

TCP/UDP Header

App. Header DataIP Header

TCP/UDP Header

App. Header DataIP HeaderMAC

Header

Non_ARQ ARQ

Wireless LinkWireless LinkSSSS BSBS


Voice and Video Traffic ModelVoice and Video Traffic Model

VoiceDepends on the kinds of voice codecTalk Spurt and silence: fixed packet size generated during periodic duration

VideoVariable packet size generated during aperiodic duration

6


FTP and HTTP Traffic ModelFTP and HTTP Traffic Model

Different between UL and DL traffic rateClient to Server

Request and Response (Requested File)

7

File Download

TimeFile

RequestPage

Request

Page Download(Main page, and banners)

FTP HTTP


Wireless MAC Protocol ClassificationWireless MAC Protocol Classification

Wireless MAC Protocols

Contention-FreeContention-Based

Static ResolutionDynamic Resolution Dynamic Allocation Static Allocation

Probabilistic ID Probabilistic Reservation Token Passing

TDMA

FDMA

CDMA

OFDMA

IEEE 802.11e

IEEE 802.15.3

IEEE 802.15.4

Hybrid

Time of arrival

high priority to oldest one

Exponential Backoff

IEEE 802.3/11/16

Binary Tree

ALOHA

CSMA

PRMA

DOCSIS

IEEE 802.16

MSAP

BRAM

- CSMA : Carrier Sense Multiple Access -PRMA : Packet Reservation Multiple Access -BRAM : Broadcast Recognition Access Method

- DOCSIS : Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification -MSAP : Mini Slotted Alternating Priority


IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 QoSQoSProvisioning TechnologyProvisioning Technology


Channel Access MechanismChannel Access Mechanism

HCF (Hybrid Coordination Function)EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access)

Contention based channel accessBasic 4 AC (Access Category)Probabilistic channel access according to priority

AIFS (Arbitrary Inter Frame Space), CWmin, CWmax, TXOP limitHCCA (HCF Controlled Channel Access)

Reservation based channel accessNegotiate with HC (Hybrid Coordinator) using TSPEC (Traffic Specification)HC grant TXOP (Transmission Opportunity) in CF-Poll frame

10


EDCAEDCA

11

ACK RTS

CTS

SIFS SIFS

PIFS

AIFS[AC]=DIFS

SIFS

AIFS[AC]

AIFS[AC]

high priority AC

defer accessContention Windows

count down as long as medium is idle,Back off when medium gets bust again

CW=rand[1,CWi+1]

low priority AC

medium priority AC

2(CWmin+1)/2-1(CWmin+1)/4-1AC_VIAC_VI

2CWmin(CWmin+1)/2-1AC_VOAC_VO

7CWmaxCWminAC_BEAC_BE

3CWmaxCWminAC_BKAC_BK

AIFSNCWmaxCWminACAC With 802.11aaSlotTime: 9usSIFS: 16usPIFS: 25usDIFS: 34usAIFS: >=34 us

[ ] [ ]( ) [ ]{ }1 min 1 1,ii i MAXCW AC CW AC PF AC CW+ = + −


QoSQoS Class MappingClass Mapping

User PrioritySame value as IEEE 802.1DMapping to AC

12

7

6

5

4

3

0

2

1

User Priority User Priority

VoiceAC_VO

VoiceAC_VO

VideoAC_VI

VideoAC_VI

Video ProbeAC_VI

Best EffortAC_BE

BackgroundAC_BK

BackgroundAC_BK

Destination Destination (Informative)(Informative)Access Access Category(ACCategory(AC))PriorityPriority LevelLevel

LowestLowest

HighestHighest


HCCAHCCA

Used both CFP (Contention Free Period) and CP (Contention Period)Overcome the weaknesses of PCF (Point Coordination Function)

CFP (polling through HCF) CP (listen before talk and polling through HCF)

TXOP TXOP TXOPTXOP

TBTT

QoS CF-Poll QoS CF-PollCF-endBeacon

Transmitted by (Q)STAs

Transmitted by HC

TBTTRTS/CTSRTS/CTSFragmented Fragmented DATA/ACKDATA/ACK(polled by HC)(polled by HC)

RTS/CTS/DATA/ACKRTS/CTS/DATA/ACK(after (after DIFS+backoffDIFS+backoff))

RTS/CTSRTS/CTSFragmented Fragmented DATA/ACKDATA/ACK(polled by HC)(polled by HC)

<HCCA procedure>


HCCA HCCA QoSQoS ArchitectureArchitecture

TCLAS (Traffic Classification)Specify the QoS parameter to identify TSPerformed above MAC_SAP

Application

TCLAS

Polling based channel access

TS queue

ACU

Packet Scheduler

QoS negotiation using TSPEC

Polling using CF-Poll

Wireless Medium

HC in QAP

QSTA

????TCLAS

-ACU : Access Control Unit




IEEE 802.15.1 Type of ServiceIEEE 802.15.1 Type of Service

Support both circuit and packet switching service

Bluetooth Radio

BaseBand (Link Controller) SCOACL

LM

HCI Voice

- SCO : Synchronous Connection-Oriented – ACL :Asynchronous Connectionless- LM : Link Manager - HCI :Host Control Interface - L2CAP : Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol

PHY Layer

MAC Layer

L2CAP

RetransmissionNo retransmission (use FEC)RetransmissionRetransmission

1 connection (aggregated traffic)3 connectionConnectionConnection

PollingReservationChannel accessChannel access

Asynchronous & isochronousPoint-to-multipoint

SymmetricPoint-to-pointLink typeLink type

ACLSCO NameName


Service Profile and Protocol StackService Profile and Protocol Stack

Appropriate protocol stack for service profiles

Radio

BaseBand SCOACL

LML2CAP

RFCOMM

PPP

IPUDP TCP

OBEXvCard/vCal

WAPWAE

AT-Commands

TCS BIN SDP

Example :

Dial Up Networking

FAX Profile

Example :

Headset profile

Audio Stream

- SDP : Service Discovery Protocol - TCS : Telephony Control protocol Spec. - OBEX Object Exchange protocol - WAE : WAP Application Environment

IEEE 802.15.1

Bluetooth


Function of LayerFunction of Layer

LMLink setup, security, authentication, link configuration, timer setupUse DM1(Data Medium rate) or DV (Data Voice)Self-contained or user input

HCIProvide a standard interface to bluetooth

L2CAPProvide connection-oriented and connectionless data servicesOnly use ACLLabel each connection by CID (Channel Identification)

18


QoSQoS framework in IEEE 802.15.1framework in IEEE 802.15.1

Upper layer

VoiceC

ID-d

ata

CID

-dat

a

CID

-dat

a

CID

-sig

nalin

g

L2C

AP

LM

Voic

e

Voic

e LC

Dat

a

Con

trol

US UI or UA LM

SCO ACL

Radio

SlaveUpper layer

Voice

CID

-dat

a

CID

-dat

a

CID

-dat

a

CID

-sig

nalin

g

L2C

AP

LM

Voic

e

Voic

eLC

Dat

a

Con

trol

USUI or UA LM

SCOACL

Radio

Master

Dat

a

POLL

LM QoSSignaling

L2CAP QoSSignaling

Packet flowControl flow

– LC :Logical channel – US : User Synchronous– UI : User Isochronous – UA : User Asynchronous –LM : Link Manager

Strict Priority

Strict Priority


Beacon #m

Contention Access Period MTS1 MTS2 GTS

1GTS

2 … GTS n-1

GTSn

CFP (Contention Free Period)

Beacon #m CAP Asynchronous Isochronous Asynchronous Isochronous

CFP (Contention Free Period)

Super frame #m-1

IEEE802.15.3 : Frame Structure

Super frame #m Super frame #m+1

1,000 ~ 65,535μs

CSMA/CAData/Control

S-ALOHAData/Control

TDMAData

- MCTA : Management Channel Time Allocation


IEEE802.15.4 : Frame Structure

CAP (Contention Access Period)Slotted CSMA-CATransactions shall be completed by the time of the next network beacon.

CFP (Contention Free Period)Included GTS (Guaranteed Time Slot)PNC (PAN Coordinator) allocate up to seven of these GTSs

Channel access mechanism Beacon enabled network

slotted CSMA-CA A non beacon enabled network

Unslotted CSMA-CA, TDD

Contention Free Period

Contention Access Period

Frame Beacon

Inactive

Period




Service ClassesService Classes

− Traffic Priority−HTTP−Best-effortBE

− Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate

− Traffic Priority−FTP

−Support non real-time service flows based on polling basis

nrt-PS


− Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate

− Maximum Latency

−MPEG video−Support variable size

real-time service based on polling access

rt-PS



− Maximum Latency

−VoIP with silence suppression−Variable size

vocodec

−Support variable size real-time service at periodic interval

ert-PS


− Maximum Latency− Tolerated Jitter

−VoIP without silence suppression

−Support fixed size real-time service at periodic interval

UGS

QoSQoS ParameterParameterApplicationApplicationDefinitionDefinitionServiceService

- UGS :Unsolicited Grant Service - ertPS : extended real-time Polling services- rtPS : real-time Polling Service - nrt-PS : non-real-time Polling Service - BE : Best Effort


IEEE 802.16 StructureIEEE 802.16 Structure

UL control channel

Pream

ble

FCH

DL-M

AP

UL-M

AP

Burst 3

Burst 4

Traffic Traffic ClassificationClassification

????????????

For the channel informationReference: Taesoo Kwon et al, “Design and Implementation of a Simulator Based on a Cross-Layer Protocol between MAC and PHY Layers in a WiBro Compatible IEEE 802.16e OFDMA System,” IEEE Communication Magazine, December 2005


Convergence LayerConvergence Layer

CID MappingDownlink Classifier assign SDU to CID according to

SSID, destination IP address, TOS field, IP Port Number, etc.

25

Upper Layer

Downlink Classifier

SDU

CID 1CID 2CID 3

CID n

{SDU, CID,…}

Upper Layer

Reconstitution

{SDU, CID,…}

SDUSAP

SAP

SAP SAP

BS

CS LayerCS Layer

SS

SAP : Service Access Point


CrossCross--Layer Layer QoSQoS MappingMapping

--. Cross. Cross--Layer Layer QoSQoS Parameter MappingParameter Mapping--. Cross. Cross--Layer Layer QoSQoS Service Class MappingService Class Mapping


QoSQoS--aware System Designaware System Design

Downward QoS Mapping for application-level QoS Provisioning

Voice

StreamingVideo

Web

IP header strippingmandatory

IP header strippingoptional

Simple RLP (Radio Link Protocol)

QoS awareRLP

Game

Forced ActiveSHO(Soft Handover)

Network IP header RLP MAC states HARQ

Delay driven

C/I based Fair scheduler

Scheduler

HARQ

Null

Null

Null

Null

Null

C/I based Unfair scheduler

Normal MACstatesSHO optional

Mobile WiMAX


CrossCross--Layer Layer QoSQoS Provisioning SchemeProvisioning Scheme

Cross-Layer QoS Parameter MappingMAC: Radio Resource Reservation

Cross-Layer QoS Service Class MappingMAC: Packet Classification

28

Application Layer

TCP/UDP, IP Layer

MAC/PHY

Application Layer

TCP/UDP, IP Layer

QoS Mapping

MAC/PHY

(1) Session Open

How to know application QoSrequirement

(2) Packet Transmission

How to know service class


CrossCross--Layer Layer QoSQoS Parameter MappingParameter Mapping

Require an application QoS requirement delivery scheme

IEEE 802.16 QoS parametersIEEE 802.11 QoS parameters

(TSPEC)

Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Minimum Data Rate

Minimum Tolerable Traffic Rate Mean Data Rate

Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Peak Data Rate

Minimum PHY Rate

SDU Size Maximum MSDU Size

Maximum Traffic Burst Burst Size

Maximum Latency Delay Bound

Traffic Priority User priority

Inactivity Interval

Tolerated Jitter

Application QoSparameters

Various QoSparameters

(Voice, Video, FTP, HTTP etc. )

QoS parameter mapping


CrossCross--Layer Layer QoSQoS Service MappingService Mapping

Cross-Layer QoS service class mapping: Application layer, IP, and Wireless Access Network IEEE 802.1p can be connected to IEEE 802.11

Priority Type Application Layer DSCP IEEE

802.1p IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.11e(HCCA사용)

IEEE 802.11e(HCCA사용안함)

Class 1Audio/ Video streaming

A/V conferencingVoIP

EF 7,6,5,4 UGS/ertPS HCCA EDCA(AC_VI, AC_VO)

Class 2Home automation control

Stream setup & control messageVideo streaming

AF41 3 rtPS EDCA(AC_VI, AC_VO)

EDCA(AC_BE)

Class 3Web services

Networked home gamesFTP

AF31,AF21,AF11 0 nrtPS EDCA

(AC_BE)EDCA

(AC_BE)

Class 4 E-mail Periodic reports BE 1,2 BE EDCA

(AC_BK)EDCA

(AC_BK)

-. Examples of QoS Service Class Mapping

- DSCP: DiffServ Code Point

-Reference: H. J. Lee, J. H. Kim, Y. K. Jeong, and C. L. Cho, "A QoS Provisioning Technique in a Residential Gateway using Heterogeneous Network Access Technology," in Proc. IEEE TENCON '05, Melbourne, Australia, Nov. 21-24, 2005, p.91.


Performance Analysis : VoIP Overhead

Overhead Comparison G.729 : UDP/IP overhead is 28 times larger than those of MAC/PHY

VoIP Traffic Need UDP/IP Header Compression

Convergence Sub layerNeed to parameter mapping to MAC/PHY

VoIP Codec

Packet Size (bytes)

Period (msec)

G.711 20

10

30

20

G.729 10

G.723.1 19.88

GSM 32.5

160

VoIP Codec

Ove

rhea

d(%

)


VoIP Codec: PHY/MAC/UDP/IP ThroughputPHY throughput of G.729 is bigger than that of GSM

Number of Voice User can be served using same BWApplication throughput : G.729 > G.723.1 (300 bytes/sec larger)Number of voice user : G.729 < G.723.1 (twice)

VoIP Codec

Thr

ough

put (

byte

s/se

c)

VoIP Codec

Thr

ough

put (

byte

s/se

c)

Use

r 수

Performance Analysis : VoIP Overhead


Performance Analysis : CID Mapping

MAC delayNo CID mapping: Almost no delay difference between four service classesCID mapping : UGS delay can be reduced

Voice End-to-End Delay and JitterEnd-to-End Delay can be reduced by 50%End-to-End Jitter can be reduced by 87%

Service Class

Ave

rage

MA

C d

elay

(sec

)

Voice End-to-End Delay and Jitter according to CID mappingMAC Delay according to CID mapping

50%


WINNER WINNER QoSQoSProvisioning TechnologyProvisioning Technology


WINNER VisionWINNER Vision

WINNER GoalTo develop a single new ubiquitous radio access system conceptScalable or adapted to a comprehensive range of mobile communication scenarios from short-range to wide-area

Ranges, mobility, environments, and user densities.

35


WINNER ConceptWINNER Concept

ConstitutionWINNER is a consortium of 41 partners coordinated by Siemens under IST (Information Society Technology) in EU.

WINNER system conceptSingle new ubiquitous radio access systemSelf-contained, allowing WINNER to target the chosen requirements without the need for inter-working with other systemsCooperation, inter-working and infrastructure reuse may be used for mutual benefit (Cooperation)First deployment expected at the earliest in 2010, widespread from 20151st Phase (2004~2005), 2nd Phase (2006~2007), 3rd

Phase(2008~2009)System Modes

TDD FDDPeer-to-peer


Protocol Reference ArchitectureProtocol Reference Architecture

RRCRRM-related functions

RLCFlow setup, release and E2E addressingE2E Retransmission ProtocolSLC (Service Level Controller) (QoS Control)

Service Traffic and PHY dependentHigher-level Segmentation

MAC-gSegmentationHop-wise addressing in Multi-Hop setupHop-wise retransmission protocol

MAC-rResource Scheduler (QoS Control)

PHY dependentSpatial Scheme SelectionDuplex Scheme ImplementationAdaptive- / Non-adaptive transferBroadcast transfer

Stack ManagementHandle the overall stack configuration


Service Level ControlService Level Control

Flow conditioningLeaky or Token BudgetSlowly adapt in load control

Flow QueuingActive queue managementPer-flow queuing

Flow SchedulingForwarded to the SLC cache buffer according to the flow context

Flow MonitoringMonitor the flowProvide feedback on flow traffic predictions

38

IPCAggregate of Marked Packets

Network Control Packets

Apps. Belonging to service class 1Flow 1 Flow L

… …

Apps. Belonging to service class LFlow M Flow N

…

RLC

MACSLC Cache (drained by RS)


Two layered schedulerTwo layered scheduler

Flow schedulerFlow contextPHY information (allowable data rate)

Resource scheduler

PHY information (assigned chunk)

39

Service Level Controller

Spectrum Spectrum mapping and mapping and assignmentassignment

Flow classification

-Scheduled Mapping onto chunks and layers-Link adaptation

Segmentation, FEC Coding Constraint Processing

Resource Scheduler

Non-frequency-adaptive Resource Scheduler

Adaptive Resource Scheduler

Packet Processing Map on dispersed chunks Map on optimal chunks

CQI, CSICQI, CSIBuffer levelsBuffer levelsCQI errorsCQI errors

Frequency

Time

Virtual antenna/layer

IFFT, beamformming, pulse shaping

RLC

MAC

PHY

Convergence layer

Antenna 1 Antenna n…- CQI : Channel Quality Information- CSI : Channel Status Information


MAC Control PlaneMAC Control Plane

MAC ServicesUser planeinterface

MACControl

Feedback

MAC CONTROL PLANEConstraintConstraintProcessorProcessor

Non-FrequencyAdaptiveTransfer

BCH/SFControl Tr,

PHYMeasure-

ment

PHY Services

MAC RadioMAC RadioResourceResourceControlControl

MeasurementMeasurement

Spectrum assignment

Negotiation support

Constraintcombining

ResourcePartitioning

DAC assignment

RN assignment

Spatial SchemeController

Pre-configure

Spatial scheme

Selection

Flow setupFlow setup

Flow term.

TDC adaptiveassignment Calibration

MAC USER PLANE

Flow State Controller

Queue state control

Transfer control

Control of MAC-5 –

MAC-1 protocol

Resource Scheduler (RS)Space-time-frequency link

Adaptation and scheduling

Non frequency adaptiveResourcescheduling

AdaptiveResourcescheduling

Transmit control procTransmit control proc.

Measurement control proc.Measurement control proc.(+protocol)

SpecialTransmitControl

Signalling


CrossCross--Layer Layer QoSQoS MobilityMobility

--. . QoSQoS Mapping between InterMapping between Inter--System System --. Mobility Management in Upper Layer. Mobility Management in Upper Layer


Mobility vs. Network Architecture (1)

1-tier vs. 2-tier Network Architecture


Mobility vs. Network Architecture (3)

QoSQoS FunctionsFunctions 22--Tier ASN ModelTier ASN Model(ASN Profile A, C)(ASN Profile A, C)

11--Tier ASN ModelTier ASN Model(ASN Profile B)(ASN Profile B)

Related EndRelated End--toto--End End QoSQoS ParametersParameters

L3 Mobility Function – Positive if it is operated in ASN-GW – Negative

– Transmission Delay– Delay Jitter– Packet Loss Rate

L2 Handover FunctionL2 Handover Function – Positive if it is operated in BS

– Positive if it is operated in BS


ARQ Function– Positive for handover

process if it is operated in ASN-GW

– Negative for handover process


Admission Control – Positive if it is operated in ASN-GW – Negative – Call Dropping Rate

Scheduler – Positive if intercellcoordination is required

– Positive if fast feedback is required

– Data Rate– Transmission Delay

Intercell Interference Mitigation (IIM)

Function

– Positive to Centralized Scheme

– Positive to Distributed Scheme

– Data Rate– Packet Loss Rate

• References- 3GPP TR 25.813 v7.0.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) – Radio interface protocol aspects (Release 7),” Jun. 2006.

- 3GPP TR 25.814 v7.1.0, “Physical layer aspects for evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) (Release 7),” Sep. 2006.- H. Wang, B. He, and D. Agrawal, “Admission Control and Bandwidth Allocation above Packet Level for IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN,”Proc. IEEE ICPADS 2006, vol. 1, Jul. 2006, pp. 599 – 604..

1-tier vs. 2 tier Architecture: Advantages and Disadvantages


QoSQoS Parameter Mapping between Parameter Mapping between Heterogeneous NetworksHeterogeneous Networks

QoS Class NegotiationService Policy Mapping between WiMAX and UMTS Network

QoS Parameter MapperResource Allocation

44

UMTS Network

WiMAX Network

QoS Parameter Mapper

MS

Node-B

BS

RNC

Request Message (WiMAX QoS Parameter)

Request Message (UMTS QoS Parameter)

WiMAX to UMTS Handover

How???How???

Mobile WiMAX

Maximum Sustained Traffic RateMinimum Reserved Traffic RateMaximum Latency

Traffic Priority

UMTS

Maximum bit rate

Guaranteed bit rate

Transfer delay

Traffic Handling Priority

Maximum SDU size

SDU error rate ???SDU error rate ???


Mobility Management in Upper Layer (1)Mobility Management in Upper Layer (1)

One service for Multiple RAT or Multiple Path Single Service may have multiple wireless access either homogeneous or heterogeneous RAT

Multi-homingEnd-user can use various interfaces and IP address Primary path: default pathBackup path: primary path is not available

45


Mobility Management in Upper Layer (2)Mobility Management in Upper Layer (2)

System Architecture for SCTP-based Handover

46

User Interface

RTP/RTCP SIP

SCTP UDP

IPv4

Handover

Decisiion

MIH

Application

Operating

System

802.3 802.11b 802.11gHardware

User Interface

RTP/RTCP SIP

SCTP UDP

IPv4

Handover

Decisiion

MIH

Application

Operating

System

802.3 802.11b 802.11gHardware


MIH FunctionMIH Function

Upper Layers(IP, Mobile IP, SIP, HIP, Transport,

Application…)

MIH Function

Lower Layers(802.11, 802.16, 802.3, 3GPP, 3GPP2…)

Event Service

Command Service

Information Service

Event Service

Command Service

Information Service


MTBH (Mobile Terminal Based Handover)MTBH (Mobile Terminal Based Handover)

DefinitionMobile terminal based handover is a procedure to change the radio access network using the multi-path/multi-session technique without network assistance to minimize handover interruption time

BackgroundMulti-interface support

Mobile terminal may have the several RAT and each RAT has the independent interfaceMobile terminal may support the multi-homing technique

CoexistenceNext-generation wireless networks will be a conglomeration of different networking and radio access technologies such as UMTS, WiBro, HSPDA, WLAN, WINNER


Concept of the MTBHConcept of the MTBH

4949

IP Network

Mobile Node

RAN1BS1

Correspondent Node

RAN2BS2

Link setup

New service flow request


FeaturesFeatures

Characteristics Smooth handover

Minimize the handover interruption timeReduce the packet loss during handover

Bandwidth efficiencyReduce the signaling overhead for handoverIncrease the efficiency of the network resource

Coupling independentNo need to additional network element to support the mobile management

No flow context transferNo need to transfer the flow information to maintain the QoS for the flow

RequirementsMulti-interface

Mobile terminal should support the multi-RATEach RAT has the independent interface

50


Summary and Discussion (1)Summary and Discussion (1)

51

Wireless Channel - Slow, Fast Fading, Mobility- Inter cell interference

PHY-HARQ-Adaptive Modulation Coding

MAC- Service Flow Management (Buffer)- MAC ARQ - L2 Handover Optimization- QoS Scheduler (VoIP)- BW Aggregation

CS- Service Class Mapping- QoS Parameter Mapping- SFID/CID Mapping

IP- IP/MAC Address Mapping

TCP/UDP- IP Mobility

Application- Traffic Model & Generator APL APL QoSQoS Require.Require.

IP IP QoSQoS ParamParam..

CS CS QosQos MapMap

Wireless Channel Wireless Channel InforInfor..

W. Resource W. Resource InforInfor..

L2 HO Trig.L2 HO Trig.Flow Flow ScheSche. . InforInfor..


Summary and Discussion (2)Summary and Discussion (2)

Cross-Layer QoS ProvisioningVertical QoS Provisioning

Cross-Layer QoS Parameter MappingCross-Layer Service Class Mapping

Horizontal QoS ProvisioningInter-System QoS HandoverInter-Mode QoS Handover

Other ConsiderationBottom-Up QoS Provisioning Mechanism

Wireless TCPBand AMC (IEEE 802.16/ mobile WiMAX, WLAN)

Top-Down QoS Provisioning MechanismApplication QoS Requirement Provisioning

52


Thank You!!!

Documents

제1회무선네트워크Cross Layer 디자인워크샵 - ajou.ac.krwinner.ajou.ac.kr/publication/data/invited/20070412.pdf · 2007-04-27 · Cross Layer QoS Mapping and Handover