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Oct 3, 2006 Week 2, Session 2. I. What do I say? Language / Labels / Stereotypes Terminology II. Definitions Disability Handicap Impairment. Class Objectives. ID & Explore Stereotypes Explore the Issue of Etiquette Introduce Basic Concepts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Oct 3, 2006Week 2, Session 2
I. What do I say? Language / Labels / Stereotypes Terminology
II. Definitions Disability Handicap Impairment
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Class Objectives
ID & Explore Stereotypes
Explore the Issue of Etiquette
Introduce Basic Concepts (Ableism; Disability / Handicap /
Impairment; Social Model of Disability)
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I. What Do I Say?
Why Political Correctness?
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Euphemisms
Physically Challenged
Differently Able(d) / handicapable
“Special”
Wheelchair Bound
Victim (Stroke, Heart Attack)
TAB (Temporary Able Bodied)
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Acceptable Use
Person With a Disability (PWD)
Deaf (Person)
Disabled Person (DP)
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Acceptable Use (Cont.)
"People First Language”
Person With a Disability (PWD) (disAbled / disAbility)
Person Who is deaf / Hard of Hearing
Person with ____ (MS, Cancer, etc.)
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Preferred Use
Disabled Person(Claiming Disability)
Nondisabled
OR
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Use: "People First Language“
Person with a Disability (PWD)
“Person with a…” (Physical or Mental Difference)
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“Disability”
Linton: “We have decided to reassign meaning rather than chose a new name.”*
Your reaction to the term disability?
Will reassigning meaning be successful?
*Claiming Disability, page 31
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Etiquette
How do you “treat” a Person With a Disability?
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OTHER CONCEPTS
ABLEISM
OVERCOMING
PITY
“SUPER CRIP”
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Ableism
"discrimination in favor of the able-bodied." Reader’s Digest Oxford Wordfinder
Linton: person is determined by their disability
(Globalization)
Disabled People are inferior to nondisabled people
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Overcoming (A common Theme)
overcoming a disability
"I never think of you as disabled."
"He/she is a credit to his/her race."
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Pity
To feel compassionate, commiserate, be sorry for.
(Sometimes implying slight contempt for a person on account of some intellectual or moral inferiority attributed to him.) (Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. 1989)
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Super-Crip When Stereotypes Tell the Story (National Center
on Disability and Journalism -NCDJ) "Super-Crip."
Disability as Tragedy inspiration / Overcoming Courageous
Christopher Reeve: Triumph over Tragedy (Alter). Christy Brown writing in My Left Foot (1989, Jim
Sheridan, UK); Blind Mathew Murdock has radar-like senses he uses
to fight evil in Daredevil (2003, Mark Steven Johnson, USA);
The last item on the TV news, eg a blind man climbing a mountain.
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II. Definitions
Disability
Handicapped
Impairment
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Definitions (Cont.)
Impairment:
refers to physical or mental limitations such as difficulty walking
represents a deviation from the person's usual biomedical state.
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Definitions
What is the difference between:
Impairment
Illness
Chronic Health Conditions?
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Impairment:
When does physical / mental variation become an impairment?
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Handicap
The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments
(Now considered offensive)
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Disability
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act):
(1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity,
(2) has a record of such an impairment, or
(3) is regarded as having such an impairment.
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World Health Org. (WHO) 1980
Disability: Restriction or lack (from an
impairment) of ability considered normal for a human being
Handicap: The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments
*ICIDH-1 (1980)
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Sequence of Concepts Sequence of Concepts WHO 1980 WHO 1980
ImpairmentImpairment
DiseaseDisease orordisorderdisorder
DisabilityDisability HandicapHandicap
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WHO 20012001
Disability :
outcome or result of a complex relationship between an individual’s: - health condition - personal factors - external factors
Health Condition Health Condition ((disorder/diseasedisorder/disease))
Interaction of ConceptsInteraction of ConceptsWHO 2001WHO 2001
Environmental Environmental FactorsFactors
Personal Personal FactorsFactors
Body Body function&structure function&structure (Impairment(Impairment))
ActivitiesActivities(Limitation)(Limitation)
ParticipationParticipation(Restriction)(Restriction)
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67 US acts / programs that define disability
- 35 have self-contained definitions (although some contain more than one definition)
Surgeon General July 26, 2005
“… disabilities are characteristics of the body, mind, or senses that, to a greater or lesser extent, affect a person’s ability to engage independently in some or all aspects of day-to-day life. “
CONFUSION REIGNS
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Disability Activists (UK)1976 (UPIAS - Union of Physically Impaired Against Segregation)
Disability:
“the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a
contemporary social organization which takes no or
little account of people who have physical impairments and
thus excludes them from the mainstream of social activities”
Changes the focus of disability away from the individual to Society. (1(1stst articulation of the “Social Model of Disability”) articulation of the “Social Model of Disability”)
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SOCIAL MODEL
States that inappropriate and discriminatory:Social Attitudes (Ableism), Sociopolitical Structures, Cultural Phenomena are the central problem for disabled people
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Who is Disabled?
Everybody?
What did Linton have to say about “everybody”?
Summary
• Terminology• ID & Explore Stereotypes
• Explored the Issue of Etiquette
• Introduced Basic Concepts– (Ableism; Disability / Handicap / Impairment;
Social Model of Disability)
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NEXT SESSION
Models of Disability