Occupational cancer

Fariba RezaeetalabAssistant professor

Cancer Registry by Industry Excess

Nasopharyngeal: carpentersColorectal: machinery manufacturing,

printing Liver: general construction and rubber and

plastics Gallbladder: electrical equipment

Lung: primary metals, shipbuilding, construction, and stone, clay, and glass

Mesothelioma: shipbuilding and asbestos manufacturing

Breast: (Black females) chemical and pharmaceutical

Bladder: (white males) apparel and textile industries .

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma :–)white females (printing

–)white male (bakers and motor vehicle manufacturing

Lymphocytic leukemia: chemical and construction

What Is Lung Cancer ?

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for men and women .

It is also the most preventable form of cancer.Tobacco use accounts for 87% of lung cancers.

There are two major types of lung cancer: 1 .Non-small cell lung cancer (87%)

2 .Small cell lung cancer (13%)

Each grows and spreads in different ways and is treated differently.

The American Cancer Society’s Estimates

In the United States during 2008:

–215,020 new cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed.

–161,840 deaths will occur as the result of this disease.

Who Is At Risk?

Cigarette smoking is by far the greatest risk factor for lung cancer .

–The longer a person uses tobacco and the more they use, the greater their risk.

–If a person quits before cancer develops, the damaged lung tissue gradually improves .

Others at risk include:

–Nonsmokers who breathe in secondhand smoke.

–Occupational or environmental exposure to radon, asbestos, certain metals, radiation or air pollution. If people are exposed to the above carcinogens & also smoke, their risk is greatly increased.

Lung Cancer Risk Factors

1 -Arsenic : Byproduct of copper , lead , zinc ,tin , smelting – in organic trivalent arsenic – containing pesticides

2 -Asbestos : In several industries : miners , shipyard , cement

3 -Bis-chloromethyl ether : Industries producing ion exchange resins , polymers , plastics

Lung Cancer Risk Factor

Chromium : used in metal alloys , electroplating , lithography ,paint pigments , cement , rubber

Nickel : used in electroplating , manufacturing of steel and other alloys , ceramics, storage batteries , electric circutisRadon : Undeground miners Vinylchloride : used in production of plastics

Clinical presentations

.1Constitutional symptoms.2Primary Tumor

.3Intrathoracic spread.4Asymptomatic

.5Extrathoracic spread.6Paraneoplastic symptoms

Asymptomatic (10%)

Primary Tumor (30%)

Cough (75%)

SOB (60%)

Chest discomfort (50%)

Hemoptysis (35%)

Cough - endobronchial mass or post-obstructive pneumonia –esp concerned if new onset/changed character

SOB –tumor occluding the airwayChest discomfort –intermittent/aching

Hemoptysis -acute bronchitis is the common cause of hemoptysis, lung CA should always be suspected in pts >40

Intrathoracic Spread (40%)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysisPhrenic nerve paralysis

Pancoast’s tumorHorner Syndrome

Chest wall invasionPleural effusion

Esophageal compressionSuperior vena cava obstruction

Extrathoracic Spread (30%)

Bone mets–bone pain, fracture

Brain mets–HA, N/V, focal neurol deficits, seizures,

confusion, personality change

Liver metsAdrenal gland mets

Spinal cord mets

Comments

Quitting tobacco use, or not starting at allTake protective measures against cancer-causing chemicals at work