Obesity and Ageing

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A L E X A N D R A G O U V E I AF C N A U P A N D F M U P / I B M C

OBESITY AND AGING

Nutrição, envelhecimento e anti-envelhecimento:desafios e oportunidades


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AGINGOBESITY

•Aging: natural cause of obesity

• Obesity: originates premature aging


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AGING: WHAT HAPPENS?


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AGING: CHANGES IN BODYCOMPOSITION

Between the age of 20 and 70 years, there is a progressive decrease of fat-free mass (mainlymuscle) of about 40% and a rise in fat mass. There is a relatively greater decrease in peripheral

compared to central fat-free mass.


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FAT MASS REDISTRIBUTION WITH AGING

• Middle or early old age(40 – 70 years)• Peak of fat mass

•

Advanced old age (> 70years)• a substantial decline, with

fat tissue dysfunction andredistribution to muscle,bone marrow, liver and

other tissues After the ageof 70 years, fat-free massand fat mass decrease inparallel.

CARTWRIGHT ET AL. EXP GERONTOL. 2007; 42(6): 463–471

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17507194


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REGIONAL DIFFERENCES INPREADIPOCYTE CHARACTERISTICS

Tchkonia T et al, 2013 Cell Metab 7; 17(5)


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PREADIPOCYTE CAPACITY FOR LIPIDACCUMULATION DECLINES WITH AGE

Differentiating preadipocytes isolated from young (3 month old),

middle-aged (17 months), and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rat epididymal depots


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PREADIPOCYTE CAPACITY FOR LIPIDACCUMULATION DECLINES WITH AGE

Age correlates negatively with proliferation only in subcutaneouspreadipocytes and not in the omental depot. This confirms that aginghas distinct effects on preadipocytes from different fat depots and couldexplain loss of subcutaneous and relative preservation of omental fat withaging.


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WHITE, BEIGE AND BROWN ADIPOCYTES


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BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE

AGING, November 2012, Vol.4 No.11

Age-related decrease in brown adipose tissue (BAT) andaccumulation of body fat. The activity and prevalence ofBAT decrease and body fat increases with age, suggestingthe activation and recruitment of BAT as an effective

regimen to prevent the age-related development of obesity.

Diabetes Metab J. 2013 Feb;37(1):22-29.


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SARCOPENIA

Sarcopenia in the ageingman is the result of thereduction of protein

intake and muscleprotein synthesis as wellas of limited physicalactivity and sunexposure (vitamin D).


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AGING: MUSCLE REGENERATION

Li M and Belmonte J, 2014, Nature


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TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE

Roberts S B , and Rosenberg I Physiol Rev 2006

TEE decreases with agingbecause of lower levels of:-basal metabolic rate-physical activity-digestion


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BASAL METABOLIC RATE

The basal metabolic rate declines by 2%-3% per decade after the age of 20

years, by 4% per decade after the age of 50 years.


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ANOREXIA OF AGING

J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111:864-873.


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ANOREXIA OF AGING


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IN SUMMARY…

• M E T A B O L I S M C L I N I C A L A N D E X P E R I M E N T A L 6 2 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 1 3 4 1 – 1 3 4 9

BM: bone mass; CCK:cholecystokinin;FFM: fat free mass; FM: fatmass; GH: growth hormone;GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; LOH: Late-OnsetHypogonadism; MM:muscle mass; NPY:neuropeptide Y; PP:pancreatic polypeptide; PPT:

post-prandial thermogenesis;PYY: peptide tyrosinetyrosine; RMM: restingmetabolic rate; SHBG: sexhormone-binding globulin;SMM: skeletal muscle mass; T:testosterone.


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IS OBESITY LINKED TO AGING?


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GLOBAL, REGIONAL, ANDNATIONAL PREVALENCE OF

OVERWEIGHTAND OBESITY INCHILDREN AND ADULTS DURING

1980–2013:A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR THE

GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASESTUDY 2013

Ng M et al, 2014, The Lancet


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YOUNG KIDS, OLD BODIES

PARK A., TIME. 2014 MAR 3;183(8):40-4

“Obesity is turning a

generation of childreninto biological adults,ageing them beforetheir time”


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OBESITY INDUCES PREMATURE AGING?


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Effects of obesity on survival from age 35 years in males:Prospective Studies Collaboration, 2009, which analyzed data on nearly 1million adults in 56 epidemiological studies, mostly in western Europe andNorth America.

Lancet 2009, 373:1073-96


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INCREASED BODY MASS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTENED

TELOMERE LENGTH IN WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Telomere length decreasedsteadily with age at a meanrate of 27 bp per year

Telomeres of obese womenwere 240 bp shorter than

those of lean women

Lancet 2005, 366:662-4


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Figure 2. Brown adipose tissue

activity in relation to body fatpercentage. The open dotsindicate the study groupranging from lean to morbidlyobese obese (age range: 18 – 32years; van Marken Lichtenbelt

et al., 2009) and the red dotsindicate a second group ofmorbidly obese subjects (agerange: 25 – 51 years; Vijgen et al.,2011).

Front. Endocrinol., 17 October 2011

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Obesity and Ageing