Ob by Sonu and Sourav

8/22/2019 Ob by Sonu and Sourav

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ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOR

PRESENTED BY

SONU KUMAR

SOURAV KUMAR

Process and Contemporary theoryof

Work Motivation


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Work Motivation Theory

Process theories of motivation

- Vrooms expectancy theory- The Porter- Lawler model

Contemporary theories ofmotivation


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Process theories


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Expectancy theoryMotivation is result of rationalcalculation argues that motivation isdetermined by individual beliefsregarding efforts/performance

relationship and work motivation


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Terms usedExpectancy :

it is the probability that work

effort will be followed by performanceaccomplishmentInstrumentality :

it is the probability that

performance will lead to various work outcomesValence:

it is the value to the individual ofvarious work outcomes


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Flow chart

Motivation force= VE

Expectancy

Outcome1

Outcome1a

Instrumentality

Outcome1b

Outcome2a

Outcome2b

Outcome2


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Porter

lawlwer theoryPorter and lawler point out that effort (forceand motivation) does not lead directly toperformanceIt is moderated by moderated by abilities andtraits by role perceptionMore important here is that what happens after theperformanceIn other words- The rewards that follow and how theseare perceived will determine satisficationPorter and lawler find out that more variables andcognitive process plays central role


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Flow chartValue ofreward

perceivedeffort(rewardprobability)

Effort

Abilities andreward

Roleperception

Performanceaccomplishment

Intrinsicaward

extrinsicaward

perceivedequitablerewards

satisfaction


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ContemporaryTheories


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Equity Theory

(Adams, 1963; Landy, 1989; Beehr, 1996)


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A version of discrepancy theory of jobsatisfaction focusing on the discrepanciesbetween what one has on the job and whatone thinks is fair - what one should have

Equity Theory


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Equity TheorySocial comparison takes place

Perceived discrepancies between ratios may

produce tension or dissonanceAmount of discrepancy corresponds to the

amount of tension the individual experiences

Amount of tension corresponds to the amount of

energy an individual expends to alleviate thediscrepancy


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Equity TheoryInputs

- factors considered by the individual

that contribute to their work -knowledge, skills and abilities

Outcomes

- factors considered by the individual to

have personal value - money,promotion, praise


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REINFORCEMENT

THEORY This theory can be traced to the work of the

pioneering behaviorist B.F. Skinner.

It is considered a motivation theory as well as alearning theory. Reinforcement theory posits thatmotivated behavior occurs as a result of reinforces,which are outcomes resulting from the behaviorthat makes it more likely the behavior will occur

again. Behavior that is reinforced is likely to continue,

but behavior that is not rewarded or behavior thatis punished is not likely to be repeated.


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Reinforcement theory is a behavioristapplication based on the idea that people

are not driven by motivation , but by theirenvirnoment

The reinforces or positive consequencesare what make a behavior more likely tobe habit than exception


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Thank You

Documents

Ob by Sonu and Sourav