Nutritional Value

3 Spices with Serious Health BenefitsCinnamon: Enhancing your health and warding off colds this season may be as simple as adding a dash of sweet and spicy cinnamon to your oatmeal, let's say. It turns out cinnamon actually lowers you "bad" cholesterol and keeps blood sugar in check, which possibly aids in weight loss, too. The spice also has anti-inflammatory properties: You can lower your risk of heart disease with a mere half teaspoon a day. And as if you needed one, cinnamon is also an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agent.

Peppermint:Who doesn't love a minty mocha this time of year? This classic holiday spice is famous for relieving stomach problems, so sip on a festive cup of peppermint tea to ease bloating, nausea and cramps. It doesn't end there--you can also rub peppermint oil on your temples to alleviate headaches and reduce stress naturally. Because it's also antimicrobial, chewing on peppermint leaves is sure to keep your bad breath at bay, too.

Nutmeg:This holiday spice has been used for its healing powers since ancient times. Famed for inducing drowsiness, nutmeg is great to sprinkle into herbal tea before bed if you battle insomnia. Indulging in some eggnog? Add a dash to regulate your digestive system. The spice also has antimicrobial properties which kill bad bacteria that cause cavities. What more could you need from your spice rack?

10 Health Benefits of CinnamonCinnamon has long been a popular spice in baking and cooking. Research has found that it is not only delicious but it's healthy, too. Just make sure that you're buying true cinnamon and not cassia, which is often sold as cinnamon in stores.Here are 10 Health Benefits of Cinnamon that may make you want to include it in your diet every day.Lower CholesterolStudies have shown that just 1/2 teaspoon of cinnamon per day can lower LDL cholesterol.Blood Sugar RegulationSeveral studies suggest that cinnamon may have a regulatory effect on blood sugar, making it especially beneficial for people with Type 2 diabetes.Yeast Infection HelpIn some studies, cinnamon has shown an amazing ability to stop medication-resistant yeast infections.Cancer PreventionIn a study published by researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Maryland, cinnamon reduced the proliferation of leukemia and lymphoma cancer cells.Anti-ClottingIt has an anti-clotting effect on the blood.Arthritis ReliefIn a study at Copenhagen University, patients given half a teaspoon of cinnamon powder combined with one tablespoon of honey every morning before breakfast had significant relief in arthritis pain after one week and could walk without pain within one month.Anti-BacterialWhen added to food, it inhibits bacterial growth and food spoilage, making it a natural food preservative.Brain HealthOne study found that smelling cinnamon boosts cognitive function and memory.E. Coli FighterResearchers at Kansas State University found that cinnamon fights the E. coli bacteria in unpasteurized juices.High in NutrientsIt is a great source of manganese, fiber, iron, and calcium.Side effects of cinnamonNote on Identification"Cassia" is an herb which looks and tastes like cinnamon and can be found on some store shelves labeled as cinnamon when actually it does not carry the health benefits of true "Ceylon cinnamon". The first step in using cinnamon safely is knowing what you are getting. Cassia contains higher amounts of coumarin than true cinnamon and coumarin is responsible for some of the side effects listed below.Skin Irritation

The essential oil of cinnamon must never be applied directly to the skin. Small amounts of the diluted oil can be used for refreshment and to fight infection but the oil alone can quickly cause severe burning and irritation to exposed skin. Allergies are rare but sometimes manifest as sores.Stomach IrritationThose with any prior condition of the digestive system such as an ulcer or irritable bowel syndrome should be careful when eating cinnamon. Large amounts (more than 1/2 a teaspoon) may cause the lining of the stomach to become irritated.Increased Heart RateLarge amounts of cinnamon have been reported to increase heart rate which could be dangerous for those with a heart condition. Increased heart rate is also linked to cinnamon oil poisoning in children.Uterine ContractionsSome traditional medicine practitioners will give a mother cinnamon in order to induce or normalize contractions. Therefore, pregnant women may want to avoid cinnamon.Blood ThinningCinnamon may have anti-clotting properties and may cause over thinning of the blood if you are taking blood thinners. Large doses of cinnamon should also not be used before surgery, during heavy menstruation, or in any situation where a lot of bleeding may occur.Kidney and Liver ProblemsThere is anecdotal evidence suggesting that people with kidney or liver problems or people who are taking drugs that are processed in the liver may want to avoid taking high doses of cinnamon due to its coumarin content. Coumarin levels are higher in cassia than in true cinnamon, but cinnamon does contain compounds that are known to be toxic to the kidneys at high doses.Blood SugarPeople taking medication to regulate blood sugar should be careful when taking cinnamon, as it also has a powerful effect on blood sugar and the two in combination may lower blood sugar too much.AntibioticsCinnamon is a powerful antibiotic, but check with your doctor before taking cinnamon if you are taking prescription antibiotics, because it may change the way prescription antibiotics act on the body.Nutmeg nutrition factsFragrant rich nutmeg is one of the highly prized spices known since antiquity for its aromatic, aphrodisiac, and curative properties. Nutmegs are evergreen trees, native to the rain forest Indonesian Moluccas Island, also known as theSpice Islands.Botanically, the plant belongs toMyristicaceaefamily and known asMyristica fragrans.Several species grown all over the world other than Myristica species, such asM. argentea, M. malabarica(Indian), andM. fatua, are rather similar toM. fragransin appearance; however, they have less intense flavor and aroma.The spice tree is a large evergreen plant that thrives well under tropical climates. A fully-grown tree reaches about 50-60 feet in height and is the source of nutmeg andmace, two valuable spices. The nutmeg fruit, in fact, is a drupe, about the size of an apricot, which when ripen splits up to reveal single centrally situated oval shaped hard kernel known as "nutmeg spice." The seed is closely enveloped by crimson-red colored lacy or thread like arils known as "mace." Both spices have a similar warm, sweet aromatic flavor.

ProcessingNutmeg tree yields up to three times in a season. Once harvested from the tree, the outer coat or husk is removed and discarded. Just underneath the tough husk is the golden-brown color aril, known as "mace," enveloping nutmeg kernel. Mace is gently peeled off from the kernel surface, flattened into strips, dried, and sold either as whole or finely ground. The nutmeg kernels are then dried under sun for several days to weeks. At larger commercial set-ups, this process is done rather more rapidly over a hot drier machine until the whole nutmeg rattles inside the shell.The shell is then broken and shriveled nutmeg kernel is taken out. Finally, nuts are dipped in limewater in order to prevent insect infestation and seed germination.

Health benefits of nutmeg Nutmeg andmace spicecontains many plant-derived chemical compounds that are known to have been anti-oxidant, disease preventing, and health promoting properties. The spicy nut contains fixed oiltrimyristinand many essential volatile oils such as which gives a sweet aromatic flavor to nutmeg likemyristicin, elemicin, eugenolandsafrole. The other volatile-oils arepinene, camphene, dipentene, cineole, linalool, sabinene, safrole, terpeniol. The active principles in nutmeg have many therapeutic applications in many traditional medicines as anti-fungal, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, digestive, and carminative functions. This prized spice is a good source of minerals likecopper, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, zinc and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese and copper are used by the body as co-factors for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Iron is essential for red blood cell production and as a co-factor for cytochrome oxidases enzymes. It is also rich in many vital B-complex vitamins, including vitamin C, folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and many flavonoidanti-oxidantslike beta-carotene and cryptoxanthin that are essential for optimum health.

Medicinal uses Since ancient times, nutmeg and its oil were being used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicines for illnesses related to the nervous and digestive systems. The compounds in this spice such asmyristicinandelemicinhave been soothing as well as stimulant properties on brain. Nutmeg oil containseugenol, which has been used in dentistry for toothache relief. The oil is also used as a local massage to reduce muscular pain and rheumatic pain of joints. Freshly prepared decoction with honeyhas been used to relief of nausea, gastritis, and indigestion ailments.Cabbage nutrition factsHave you wondered what would be the secret of Chinese people everlasting youthfulness?It is cabbage!Rich in phyto-nutrients, this cool season leafy vegetable belongs to the "Brassica" family of vegetables, which also includebrussels sprouts,cauliflower,bok choy,kale,andbroccoli. It is one of the widely cultivated crops around the world.Cabbage structurally consists of clusters of stiff leaves superimposed one over the other in compact layers, giving it a round or globular shape. Several varieties are cultivated worldwide including green, purple, red, and savoy (loose-wrinkled leaves).Bok-choyor "Chinese-cabbage" features similar appearance, but is derived from different species of the same Brassica genus vegetables. Bok-choy characteristically has a vigorous growth pattern. The whole plant has a long cylindrical shape, comprising of short, compact leaves.Napa cabbageis another Chinese vegetable variety in the Brassica family. The plant grows to oblong shaped head consisting of tightly arranged crinkly, thick, light-green color leaves with prominent white veins.

Health benefits of cabbage Fresh, dark green-leafy cabbage is incredibly nutritious; however, very low in fat and calories. 100 g of leaves provide just 25 calories. The vegetable is the storehouse of phyto-chemicals likethiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, lutein, zea-xanthin, sulforaphane, and isothiocyanates.These compounds are powerful antioxidants and known to help protect against breast, colon, and prostate cancers and help reduceLDLor "bad cholesterol" levels in the blood. Fresh cabbage is an excellent source of natural antioxidant,vitamin C. Provides 36.6 mg or about 61% of RDA per 100 g. Regular consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals. Total antioxidant strength measured in terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC value) is 508 mol TE/100 g. Red cabbages contain more antioxidant value, 2252 mol TE/100 g. It is also rich in essential vitamins such as pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5), pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) and thiamin (vitamin B-1). These vitamins are essential in the sense that our body requires them from external sources to replenish. It also contains a adequate amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese is used by the body as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase.Iron is required for the red blood cell formation. Cabbage is a very good source ofvitamin K, provides about 63% of RDA levels. Vitamin-K has the potential role in bone metabolism by promoting osteotrophic activity in them. So enough vitamin K in the diet gives you healthy bones. In addition, vitamin-K also has established role in curing Alzheimer's disease patients by limiting neuronal damage in their brain.Cauliflower nutrition factsPacked with rich nutrients, cauliflower orcabbage floweris one of the commonly used flower-vegetable. The flower heads contain numerous health benefiting phtyo-nutrients such as indole-3-carbinol, sulforaphane etc., that help prevent prostate, ovarian and cervical cancers.Botanically, it is a member of the cruciferous or brassicaceae family. It has got a similar nutritional and phyto-chemistry profile withbroccoliandcabbage. Several cultivars exist other than common snow-white variety, including green, orange, purple, and romanesco heads.Health benefits of Cauliflower It is very low in calories. 100 g of the fresh cauliflower head provides only 26 calories. Nevertheless, it comprises of several health-benefiting antioxidants and vitamins in addition to be very low in fat and contains no cholesterol. Its florets contain about 2 g of dietary fiber per 100 g; providing about 5% of recommended value. Cauliflower contains several anti-cancer phyto-chemicals likesulforaphaneand plant sterols such asindole-3-carbinol,which appears to function as an anti-estrogen agent. Together these compounds have proven benefits against prostate, breast, cervical, colon, ovarian cancers by virtue of their cancer-cell growth inhibition, cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Furthermore,Di-indolyl-methane (DIM),a lipid soluble compound present abundantly in Brassica group of vegetables has found effective as immune modulator, anti-bacterial and anti-viral compound by synthesis and potentiating Interferon-Gamma receptors. DIM has currently been found application in the treatment of recurring respiratory papillomatosis caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and is in Phase III clinical trials for cervical dysplasia. Fresh cauliflower is an excellent source ofvitamin C;100 g provides about 48.2 mg or 80% of daily recommended value. Vitamin-C is a proven antioxidant helps fight against harmful free radicals, boosts immunity and prevents from infections and cancers. It contains good amounts of many vital B-complex groups of vitamins such as folates, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and thiamin (vitamin B1), niacin (B3) as well as vitamin K. These vitamins is essential in the sense that body requires them from external sources to replenish and required for fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Further, It is an also good source of minerals such as manganese, copper, iron, calcium and potassium. Manganese is used in the body as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase.Potassiumis an important intracellular electrolyte helps counter the hypertension effects of sodium.

See the table below for in depth analysis of nutrients:

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group)), raw,Nutritive value per 100 g.(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)

PrincipleNutrient ValuePercentage of RDA

Energy25 Kcal1%

Carbohydrates4.97 g4%

Protein1.92 g4%

Total Fat0.28 g1%

Cholesterol0 mg0%

Dietary Fiber2.0 g5%

Vitamins

Folates57 g14%

Niacin0.507 mg3%

Pantothenic acid0.667 mg13%

Pyridoxine0.184 mg14%

Riboflavin0.060 mg4.5%

Thiamin0.050 mg4%

Vitamin A0 IU0%

Vitamin C48.2 mg80%

Vitamin E0.08 mg0.5%

Vitamin K15.5 g13%

Electrolytes

Sodium30 mg2%

Potassium299 mg6%

Minerals

Calcium22 mg2%

Copper0.039 mg4.5%

Iron0.42 mg5%

Magnesium15 mg3.5%

Manganese0.155 mg7%

Zinc0.27 mg2.5%

Phyto-nutrients

Carotene-0 g--

Lutein-zeaxanthin1 g--

Selection and storageCauliflowers are available all around the year in the markets; however, they are at their best during winter months. In general, harvesting done when the head reaches the desired size but before the buds begin to separate.In the stores, choose fresh heads featuring snow/creamy white, compact, even heads that feel heavy in hand. Grainy surface and separate heads indicate over maturity while green coloration may be due to over exposure to sunlight. Avoid heads with bruised surface as they indicate poor handling of the flower and those with dark color patches as they indicate mold disease known as downy mildew.Once at home, store in the refrigerator set with higher relative humidity. They stay fresh for about a week if stored properly.

Preparation and serving methodsIts creamy-white flower heads are favored in variety of delicacies world-wide. To wash, place head upside down rinsed in a large bowl of cold water or salt water brine for about 15-20 minutes to ensure removal of any insects, soil or fungicide/insecticide sprays. Gently pat dry using soft cloth. Remove tough stem and leaves.Usually florets cut into equal sections to help cook evenly. Cook covered in a little boiled salted water until tender for few minutes. Overcooking may result in loss of nutrients, especially vitamin-C.Here are some serving tips: Cauliflower mixes well with vegetables, lentils and meat. Aloo-gobi(potato-cauliflower) is a very popular dish in south Asian countries, especially in India, Pakistan and Nepal.Gobi-manchurianis another Indian-chinese snack in which fried florets mixed with Chinese's style sauces in a mouthwatering recipe. Its florets are added in pasta bake, casseroles and to make curry/soup. It is also widely used in pickling.

Safety profileLike other members of the brassica/cruciferous family, prolong/excessive use of cauliflower may cause swelling of thyroid gland and thyroid hormone deficiency. This is due to the presence of certain plant compounds known asgoitrogensin these groups of vegetables. It is therefore advised to avoid, especially in individuals with thyroid dysfunction. However, these vegetables may be used liberally in healthy person.Eggplant (Brinjal) nutrition factsEggplant orBrinjal, is a very low calorie vegetable and has healthy nutrition profile; good news for weight watchers! The veggie is popularly known asauberginein the western world.Botanically, it belongs toSolanaceaefamily and named asSolanum melongena. This perennial plant is native to Indian subcontinent and now grown in many tropical and semitropical regions.Several varieties of aubergines are grown all around the world. Depending on the cultivar type, they vary greatly in size, shape, and color. Generally, these veggies fall into two broad categories, either oval shaped, or thin and elongated.The plant reaches about 3-4 feet tall in quick time and bears many bright fruits. Each fruit has smooth, glossy skin. Internally, it features off-white color pulp with numerous centrally arranged small, soft seeds. Fruits are generally harvested when they reach maturity but short of full stage ripeness.

Health benefits of Eggplant (aubergine) Eggplant is very low in calories and fats but rich in soluble fiber content. 100 g provides just 24 calories but contributes about 9% of RDA (recommended daily allowance) of fiber. Research studies conducted at the Institute of Biology ofSo Paulo State University; Brazilsuggested that eggplant is effective to control high blood cholesterol. The peel or skin (deep blue/purple varieties) of aubergine has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phyto-chemicals calledanthocyanins.Scientific studies have shown that these anti-oxidants have potential health effects against cancer, aging, inflammation, and neurological diseases. Total antioxidant strength measured in terms ofoxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) of aubergines is 993 mol TE/100 g. At value 15; they are one of thelow glycemic index(GI) vegetables. It contains good amounts of many essential B-complex groups of vitamins such as pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and thiamin (vitamin B1), niacin (B3). These vitamins are essential in the sense that body requires them from external sources to replenish and required for fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Further, this vegetableis an also good source of minerals like manganese, copper, iron and potassium. Manganese is used as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase.Potassium is an important intracellular electrolyte helps counter the hypertension effects of sodium.Green beans nutrition factsTender, flexible green beans are a delight of vegetarian lovers for their wholesome nutritional qualities. They are unripe or immature pods obtained from the bean plant belonging to commonFabaceaefamily, and known scientifically asPhaseolus vulgaris.Broadly, tender beans are classified depending on their growth habits as "bush beans" which stand erect without support and "Pole Beans" that need climb supports. The other varieties of unripe fruits of bean family include shell beans, Pinto or mottled beans, White beans, Red or kidney beans, Black beans, Pink beans and Yellow wax beans. All most all the varieties are available year around across the world.Favaor broad beans (Vicia faba) are large, flattened light green pods usually eaten shelled for their delicious beans.Lima beans(Phaseolus lunatus) are large, plump, pale-green pods with kidney-shaped seeds.

Health benefits of Green beans Fresh green beans are very low in calories (31 kcal per 100 g of raw beans) and contain no saturated fat. Nevertheless, the lean vegetables are a very good source of vitamins, minerals, and plant derived micronutrients. They are very rich source ofdietary fiber (9% per100g RDA)which acts as a bulk laxative that helps to protect the mucous membrane of the colon by decreasing its exposure time to toxic substances as well as by binding to cancer-causing chemicals in the colon. Adequate amount of fiber has also been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels by decreasing reabsorption of cholesterol-binding bile acids in the colon. Green beans contain excellent levels ofvitamin A, and health promoting flavonoid poly phenolic antioxidants such as lutein, zea-xanthin and -carotene in good amounts. These compounds help act as protective scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in aging and various disease processes. Zea-xanthin, an important dietary carotenoid in the beans, selectively absorbed into the retinal macula lutea in the eyes where it thought to provide antioxidant and protective UV light filtering functions. It is, therefore, green beans offer some protection in preventingage-related macular disease(ARMD) in the elderly. Snap beans are a good source offolates. 100 g fresh beans provide 37 g or 9% of folates. Folate along with vitamin B-12 is one of the essential components of DNA synthesis and cell division. Good folate diet when given during preconception periods and during pregnancy helps prevent neural-tube defects among the offspring. They also contain good amounts of vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), thiamin (vitamin B-1), and vitamin-C. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals. In addition, beans contain healthy amounts of minerals likeiron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and potassium, which are very essential for body metabolism. Manganese is a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase,which is a very powerful free radical scavenger. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure.

Lotus root nutrition factsCrunchy, delicate flavored lotus root is an under-water edible rhizome of lotus plant. Since centuries, the lotus rhizome has held high esteem in oriental regions, especially in Chinese and Japanese cultures. Almost all the parts of the plant: root, young flower stalks, and seeds are being used in the cuisine.Lotus plant is an herbaceous, perennial aquatic plant belonging toNelumbonaceaefamily. Scientific name:Nelumbo nucifera.Lotus root is grown as annual root vegetable crop in customized ponds. Although lotus can be raised from the seeds, commercially, the rhizomes with meristems (growing points) are preferred for cultivation since it takes less time for crop production. Rhizome activity in the plant usually coincides with the appearance of large floating leaves about 5-6 months after implantation.The rhizomes grow underwater in mud. They are actually modified tubers storing energy in the form of starch. The rhizome develops into sausage-like three to five jointed nodes of about 2-4 feet length. Each rhizome segment features smooth, grey-white color and measure about 10-20 cm in length, 6-10 cm in diameter. Internally, the root has white, crunchy flesh with mild sweet, water chestnut like flavor. The cut sections reveal visually appealing display of symmetrically arranged air canals (holes) traversing along the length of the root.The lotus fruit is an enlarged receptacle akin to sunflower head where in numerous edible seeds embedded in its head.

Health benefits of Lotus root Lotus root is one of the moderate calorie root vegetables. 100 g root-stem provides about 74 calories. Nevertheless, it composed of several health benefiting phyto-nutrients, minerals, and vitamins. Lotus rhizome is very good source dietary fibers; 100 g flesh provides 4.9 g or 13% of daily-requirement offiber. The fiber, together with slow digesting complex carbohydrates in the root help reduce blood cholesterol, sugar, body weight and constipation conditions. Lotus root is one of the excellent sources ofvitamin C.100 g root provides 44 mg or 73% of daily-recommended values. Vitamin C is a powerful water soluble anti-oxidant. It is required for the collagen synthesis in the body. Collagen is the main structural protein in the body required for maintaining the integrity of blood vessels, skin, organs, and bones. Regular consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body protect from scurvy, develop resistance against viral infection, boosts immunity, hasten wound healing and remove cancer causing harmful free radicals from the body. In addition, it contains moderate levels of some of valuable B-complex group of vitamins such aspyridoxine(vitamin B-6), folates, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and thiamin. Pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) acts as a coenzyme in the neuro-chemical synthesis in the brain which influences mood. Adequate pyridoxine levels help control nervous irritability, headache, and tension. It also protects heart-attack risk by controlling harmful homocysteine levels in the blood. Further, the root provides healthy amounts of some important minerals likecopper,iron,zinc, magnesium, and manganese. Copper is a cofactor for many vital enzymes, includingcytochrome c-oxidaseandsuperoxide dismutase(other minerals function as cofactors for this enzyme are manganese and zinc). Along withiron, it is also required in the production of red blood cells. The crunchy, sweet yet delicate flavor of root lotus is because of its optimum electrolyte balance. It composes agreeable ratio of sodium to potassium at the value 1:4. While sodium gives the sweet taste to the root, potassium acts to counter negative effects of sodium by regulating heart rate and blood pressure.


Lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera), raw,Nutrition Value per 100 g,(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)


Energy74 Kcal3.7%


Protein2.60 g5%

Total Fat0.10 g0.5%

Cholesterol0 mg0%


Vitamins

Folates13 g3%

Niacin0.400 mg2.5%

Pantothenic acid0.377 mg7.5%


Riboflavin0.220 mg17%

Thiamin0.160 mg13%

Vitamin A0IU0%

Vitamin C44 mg73%

Electrolytes

Sodium40 mg3%

Potassium556 mg12%

Minerals

Calcium45 mg4.5%

Copper0.257 mg29%

Iron1.16 mg14%

Magnesium23 mg6%

Manganese0.261 mg1%

Selenium0.7 g1%

Zinc0.39 mg3.5%

Phyto-nutrients

Carotene-0g--

Carotene-0 g--

Cryptoxanthin-0 g--


Selection and storageLotus root (renkon) harvest begins by August and last until fall. Traditionally, farmers sink knee-deep ponds and feel for the rhizome using their toes, which are then dug out by hand. Southeastern region of China and Lake Kasumigaura in Ibaraki prefecture in Japan is known for renkon production.From the distance, lotus rhizomes appear as big size bananas arranged in sausage pattern. While buying, look for clean, firm roots with smooth unblemished skin. Fresh roots are readily available year-round in major cities in the US. One can also buy sliced, canned, and freeze-dried roots in the supermarkets or Japanese or other Asian stores.Once at home, place the roots in cool, dark place away from humidity for 3-4 days. Uncut rhizomes can stay fresh for up to 2 weeks in the refrigerator.

Preparation and serving methodsLotus root known asrenkonin Japan andLin uin Chinese has occupied a special place since centuries in their culture. The roots as well as seeds, raw or cooked, have found application in variety of oriental recipes in East, Southeast Asian, and Pacific regions.To prepare, break the root at nodal intersections into individual parts. Wash the root thoroughly in cold running water before use. Trim the ends. Peel its inedible outer tough skin using paring knife to expose ice-white, daikon (radish) like flesh.It can be cut into cubes, or chopped to fine sticks in a ways desired like in other vegetables. Rinse the slices immediately in the vinegar or acidulated (lemon) water to prevent from discoloration.Here are some serving tips:

Young, clean and tender rhizomes can be added raw in salads. However, mature rhizome taste bitter and can be eaten after cooking. In Japan, renkon is one of the root vegetables used intempuraandkinpirastyle cooking. Its slices are sauted in soy sauce, mirin (rice wine) andchili peppers. Lotus root chips are popular snacks in Japan. The root, popularly known askamal kakari or bhein India and Bangladesh, features in variety of curry, stews, and stir-fries. Chinese uses the root in soups, stuffing, stir-fries, etc., especially in Cantonese style cooking. In China, lotus seeds are eaten as snacks, in condiments and as candied.

Safety profileLotus root may harbor parasites like Fasciolopsis buski, which is a trematode that commonly infests in aquatic plants like lotus, water caltrop (Trapa natans), Chinese water-chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) etc. The symptoms may include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and intestinal obstruction. Thorough washing and cooking in the steam destroys the larvae. (Medical disclaimer).Okra nutrition factsOkra, also known as"lady finger"or "gumbo," is a highly nutritious green edible pod vegetable. Botanically, this perennial flowering plant belongs to themallowfamily and named scientifically asAbelmoschus esculentus.The plant is cultivated throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions around the world for its fibrous fruits or "pods." It grows best in well-drained and manure rich soil. The plant bears numerous dark green colored pods measuring about 5-15 cm in length. It takes about 45-60 days to get ready-to-harvest fruits.Internally, the pods feature small, round, mucilaginous white colored seeds arranged in vertical rows. The pods are harvested while immature and eaten as a vegetable.

Health benefits of Okra The pods are among the very low calorie vegetables. They provide just 30 calories per 100 g besides containing no saturated fats or cholesterol. Nonetheless, they are rich sources ofdietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins; often recommended by nutritionists in cholesterol controlling and weight reduction programs. The rich fiber andmucilaginouscontent in okra pods help in smooth peristalsis of digested food particles and relieve constipation condition. The pods contain healthy amounts ofvitamin A, and flavonoid anti-oxidants such as beta carotenes, xanthin and lutein. It is one of thegreenvegetables with highest levels of these anti-oxidants. These compounds are known to have antioxidant properties and are essential for vision. Vitamin A is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin. Consumption of natural vegetables and fruits rich in flavonoids helps to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers. Fresh pods are the good source offolates; provide about 22% of RDA per 100 g. Consumption of foods rich in folates, especially during the pre-conception period helps decrease the incidence of neural tube defects in the offspring. The gumbo pods are also an excellent source of anti-oxidant vitamin,vitamin-C, providing about 36% of daily-recommended levels. Research suggests that consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps the body develop immunity against infectious agents, reduce episodes of cold and cough and protect the body from harmful free radicals. The veggies are rich in B-complex group of vitamins like niacin, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine), thiamin and pantothenic acid. The pods also contain good amounts ofvitamin K. Vitamin K is a co-factor for blood clotting enzymes and is required for strengthening of bones. The pods are an also good source of many important minerals such as iron, calcium, manganese and magnesium.Onion nutrition factsCan you imagine a recipe without the Onions? This wonderful bulb vegetable, one of the oldest edible sources known to humankind,is found in a bewildering array of recipes and preparations, be it your favorite salad, or mouth-watering gravy or curries. It has also been in used in traditional medicines since ancient times for its health promoting and curative properties.Botanically, the vegetable belongs to theAlliaceaefamily of the genus,Alliumand known scientifically as:Allium cepa.The plant grows about 2 feet tall and bears an underground globular stem, which consists of modified leaves arranged in whorls. There are many cultivar onions grown around the world. The average crop takes about three to four months time. Top greens orscallionsand flower headsare also eaten all around the world.The sharp, pungent smell of onions is due to its sulfur compound,allyl propyl disulphide. Spanish red onions are generally less strongly flavored than white or brown varieties, which makes them ideal for use in raw salads.Shallot(Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is a variety of the onion that produces a cluster of small-elongated bulbs from a single planted bulb. Shallots are relatively smaller and tastes sweeter than onions.

Health benefits of Onions Onions are very low in calories (just 40 calories per 100 g) and fats; however, rich in soluble dietary fiber. Phyto-chemical compoundsalliumandAllyl disulphidein the onion convert toallicinby enzymatic reaction when its modified leaves are distorted (crushing, cutting, etc.). Studies have shown that these compounds have anti-mutagenic (protects from cancers) and anti-diabetic properties (helps lower blood sugar levels in diabetics). Laboratory studies show thatallicinreduces cholesterol production by inhibiting theHMG-CoA reductaseenzyme in the liver cells. Further, it also found to have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal activities. In addition,Allicinalso decreases blood vessel stiffness by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and thereby bring a reduction in the total blood pressure. Further, it blocks platelet-clot formation and has fibrinolytic action in the blood vessels. Altogether, it helps decrease an overall risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular diseases (PVD), and stroke. Onions are rich source ofchromium, the trace mineral that helps tissue cells respond appropriately to insulin levels in the blood. It thus helps facilitate insulin action and control sugar levels in diabetes. They are an also good source of antioxidant flavonoidquercetin, which is found to have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic functions. They are also good in antioxidant vitamin, vitamin-C and mineral manganese. Manganese is required as a co-factor for anti-oxidant enzyme,superoxide dismutase.In addition,isothiocyanateanti-oxidants in them help provide relief from cold and flu by exerting anti-inflammatory actions. Onions are also good in B-complex group of vitamins like pantothenic acid,pyridoxine, folates and thiamin.Pyridoxineor vitamin B-6 helps keep up GABA levels in the brain, which works against neurotic conditions.


Onoin (Allium cepa), raw,Nutrition value per 100 g.(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)


Energy40 Kcal2%


Protein1.10 g2%

Total Fat0.10 g0.5%

Cholesterol0 mg0%

Dietary Fiber1.7 g4.5%

Vitamins

Folates19 g5%

Niacin0.116 mg1%

Pantothenic acid0.123 mg2.5%



Thiamin0.046 mg4%

Vitamin A2 IU0%

Vitamin C7.4 mg12%

Vitamin E0.02 mg0%

Electrolytes

Sodium4 mg0%

Potassium146 mg3%

Minerals

Calcium23 mg2%

Copper0.039 mg4%

Iron0.0.21 mg3%

Magnesium10 mg2.5%

Manganese0.129 mg5.5%

Phosphorus29 mg4%

Zinc0.17 mg1.5%

Phyto-nutrients

Carotene-beta1 g--

Cryptoxanthin-beta0 g--


Selection and storageRaw onions are readily available during all the seasons. Depending on the variety, they can be sharp, spicy, tangy and pungent or mild and sweet. In the store, they are available in fresh, frozen, canned, pickled, powdered, and dehydrated forms.While buying, look for fresh ones that are clean, well shaped, have no opening at the neck and feature crispy, and dry outer skins. Avoid those that show sprouting or have signs of black mold (a kind of fungal attack) as they indicate that the stock is old. In addition, poor-quality bulbs often have soft spots, moisture at their neck, and dark patches, which may all be indications of decay.At home, store them in cool dark place away from moisture and humid conditions where they keep fresh for several days. They can also keep well in the refrigerator; however, you should use them immediately once you remove from the refrigerator since they tend to spoil if they kept at room temperature for a while.

Preparation and serving methodsTrim the ends using a sharp knife. Then peel the outer 2-3 layers of skin until you find fresh thick pinkish-white whorls. You can slice or cut them into fine cubes depending upon the recipe type. Top greens and flower heads are also edible. Spring onions orscallionsare favored in fast food preparations.Here are some serving tips: They are used either chopped or sliced, in almost every type of food, including fresh salads, or as a spicy garnish. In India and Pakistan, onions are one of the most sought-after ingredients in cooking where they used in curries, stir-fries, soups, stuffing, pastes, sauces, etc., everyday. They are one of the common ingredients in the Chinese "chowmein" (a kind of recipe with chopped onions, scallions,cabbage,sweet bell peppers,chiliandtomatosauce mixture. They are used extensively in Mediterranean and continental cooking in salads, cheese pizza, burger, soup, tart, rolls, stuffing...etc.

Safety profileRaw onions can cause irritation to skin, mucus membranes and eyes. This is due to release ofallyl sulphidegas while chopping or slicing them. The gas when mixed with moisture (water), convert to sulfuric acid. Allyl sulphide is concentrated more at the ends, especially at the root end. Its effect can be minimized by immersing the trimmed bulb in cold water for few minutes before you chop or slice itGreen peas nutrition factsStarchy, and sweet green peas or garden peas are one of the ancient cultivated vegetables grown for their succulent nutritious green-pods. Peas are probably originated in the sub-Himalayan plains of north-west India. Now, this versatile legume is one of the major commercial crops grown all over the temperate and semi-tropical regions.Botanically, pea plant is an herbaceous vine. It belongs to the family ofFabaceaeof the genus,Pisum. Scientific name:Pisum sativum.Some of the common names includeenglish peas, sweet peas, garden peas, pease,...etc.

Pea is a quick growing, an annual herbaceous vine that requires the trellis to support growth. It flourishes well in well-drained, sandy soil supplemented with adequate moisture and cool weather conditions. Short stalked green pods appear during late winter or spring. The pods measure about 2-3 inches long, swollen or compressed, straight or slightly curved, filled with single row of 2-10 light-green colored, smooth edible seeds.In general, the pods harvested while they are just short of reaching maturity, at the point when their seeds are green, soft, sweet and edible as raw. Allowing the pods to mature further would make the seeds less sugary and turn color to light-green to yellow.Pea tendrils are also edible. They are delicate, tender top shoots of young pea plants, featuring flavor akin to peas. The tendrils and leafy-shoots are favored in cooking as well in salads.Snow peas or sugar snap peasare different species of peas where the whole immature green pods are eaten.

Health benefits of green peas Green peas are one of the most nutritious leguminous vegetables, rich in health benefiting phyto-nutrients, minerals, vitamins and anti-oxidants. Peas are relatively low in calories on comparison with beans, and cowpeas. 100 g of green peas provide only 81 calories, and no cholesterol. Nonetheless, the legumes are a good source of proteins, and soluble as well as insoluble fiber. Fresh pea pods are excellent source offolic acid. 100 g provides 65 g or 16% of recommended daily levels of folates. Folates are B-complex vitamins required for DNA synthesis inside the cell. Well established research studies suggest that adequate folate rich foods in expectant mothers would help prevent neural tube defects in the newborn babies. Fresh green peas are very good inascorbic acid(vitamin C). Contain 40 mg/100 g or 67% of daily requirement of vitamin C. Vitamin C is a powerful natural water-soluble anti-oxidant. Vegetables rich in this vitamin helps body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the body. Peas contain phytosterols especially-sitosterol. Studies suggest that vegetables like legumes, fruits and cereals rich in plant sterols help lower cholesterol levels in the body. Garden peas are also good invitamin K. 100 g of fresh leaves contains about 24.8 g or about 21% of daily requirement of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone). Vitamin K has found to have a potential role in bone mass building function by promoting osteo-trophic activity in the bone. It also has established role in Alzheimer's disease patients by limiting neuronal damage in the brain. Fresh green peas also contain adequate amounts of anti-oxidants flavonoids such as carotenes, lutein and zea-xanthin as well asvitamin-A(provide 765 IU or 25.5% of RDA per 100 g). Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required for maintaining health of mucus membranes, skin and eye-sight. Further, consumption of natural fruits rich in flavonoids helps to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers. In addition to folates, peas are also good in many other essential B-complex vitamins such as pantothenic acid, niacin, thiamin, and pyridoxine. Furthermore, they are rich source of many minerals such as calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese.Selection and storageGreen peas are winter crops. Fresh peas are readily sold from December until April in the market. However, dry, mature seeds, and split peas, flour...etc., are made available in the markets all around the year.While shopping for green peas look for fresh pods that are full, heavy in hands and brimming with seeds. Avoid those with wrinkled surface or over-matured, yellow colored pods.Green-peas are at their best soon after their harvest since much of sugar content in the seeds rapidly converts to starch. If you have to store at all, place them in the vegetable compartment inside the home refrigerator, set with high relative humidity where they keep fresh for 2-3 days. Frozen seeds can be used for several months.

Preparation and serving methodsTrim away the stalk and thin fiber along the suture line. Split open the outer coat to release round to oval, green seeds.Here are some serving tips: Peas mix well with other complementing vegetables likepotato,carrot,beets,onion,artichokes,etc in the preparation of a wide variety of dishes. Pea soup is a flavorful side-dish. Green peas are one of the common ingredients in winter season dishes in Indian-subcontinent. Fresh peas are added to variety of mouth-watering recipes likeAaloo- mutter, mutter-paneer, mutter-gajjar...etc with added spices,garlic,coriander leaves,onions, andtomato.Potato nutrition factsPotato, nutritionally rich tuberous root vegetable, is a good source of starch, vitamins and fiber. The humble tuber is one of the most widely grown perennial crops and one of the cheap staple food items of the poor population all over the world. Botanically, it belongs to the various perennial subspecies ofSolanum tuberosumof theSolanaceaefamily.The plant grows about 12 to 18 inches in length and bears many tubers underground. The tubers usually have round to ovaloroblong shape and vary widely in size. Internally, the flesh features bright cream-white, rose red or russet color depending on the variety with moist texture and have special buttery "potato" flavor.Some of the popular cultivars are:- White/yellow skin and flesh - Yukan gold, Yellow finn, Russian banana, Milva. Red skin and flesh - Ida rose, Norland, Cal red, French fingerling. Russet skin and flesh - Russet burbank, Ranger russet, Utamilla russet.

Health benefits of Potato Potatoes are one of the richest sources of starch, vitamins, minerals anddietary fiber. 100 g provides 70 calories, however, they contain very little fat (just 0.1 g per100 g) and no cholesterol. They are very good natural sources of both soluble and insoluble fiber. The dietary fiber in them increases the bulk of the stool, thus, it helps prevent constipation, decrease absorption of dietary cholesterol and there by lower plasma LDL cholesterol. Additionally, the rich fiber content also helps protect from colon polyps and cancer. The fiber content aids in slow digestion starch and absorption of simple sugars in the gut. It thus help keep blood sugar levels within the normal range and avoid wide fluctuations. For the same reason, potato is considered as reliable source of carbohydrates in diabetics. The tubers are one of the richest sources of B-complex group of vitamins such as pyridoxine (vitamin B6), thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid and folates. Fresh potato along with its skin is good source of antioxidant vitamin; vitamin-C. 100 g of fresh tuber provides 11.4 mg or 20% of daily required levels of this vitamin. Regular consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals. They also contain adequate amounts of many essential minerals like Iron, manganese, magnesium, phosphorous, copper and potassium. Red andrusset potatoescontain good amount vitamin A, and antioxidant flavonoids like carotenes and zeaxanthins. Recent studies at Agricultural research service (by plant genetics scientist Roy Navarre) suggests that flavonoid antioxidant,quercetinpresent in potatoes has anti-cancer and cardio-protective properties.


Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum),Nutritive value per 100 g.(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)


Energy70 Kcal3.5%


Protein1.89 g3%

Total Fat0.10 g0.5%

Cholesterol0 mg0%


Vitamins

Folates18mcg4.5%

Niacin1.149 mg7%

Pantothenic acid0.279 mg6%



Thiamin0.081 mg7%

Vitamin A7 IU

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Nutritional Value