Assessing nutritional value with NIR

7/28/2019 Assessing nutritional value with NIR

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Digital Re-print -May | June 2013

Assessing nutritional value with NIR

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Asurvey on the nutritional value of

soybean and rapeseed meals and

wheat and corn for monogastric

feeds has been conducted by Adisseo.

Results show great variations in the

nutrient value depending on year of

harvest, cultivar, geographical origin, and

processing conditions. The survey included

analysis of the digestible amino acid and

apparent metabolizable energy (AME)

values using Adisseos NIR predictive

equations which have been calculated in

reference to in vivo digestibility tests.

In 2012, Adisseo conducted a large sur-

vey of the nutritional content of soybean and

rapeseed meals in Europe over a 6-week

period. Great heterogeneity was observed,

with variation coefficients ranging from 3

percent to 8 percent for the main com-

ponents: crude protein, total and digestible

lysine, total and phytic phosphorus and AME.

Highest variations were observed for AME

of soybean meals, and digestible amino acid

contents of rapeseed meals (Table 1).

An important influence of thecountry of originIn 170 samples of soybean meals collect-

ed over a 6-week period from 13 countries

in Europe and America, crude protein con-

tent ranged from 44 percent to 51 percent

and total lysine from 2.54% to 3.01%. The

lysine to crude protein ratio depended on

the country of origin.

Is this a botanical or cultural effect? It

is difficult to say without further investiga-

tion, but observations are clear; for similar

crude protein contents, samples coming

from Argentina had higher lysine levels than

samples coming from Brazil and the USA.

Interestingly, lysine digestibility was higher

in US samples, as reported by Mateos et

al. (2010). Consequently regarding the total

content of digestible lysine, soybean meals

from Argentina

contained the

most, followed

by those from the

USA, then those

from Brazil and

finally, with the

least, those from

India (Figure 1).

Are yousure aboutthe value ofyour soybeanmeal?

Even for a

well-characterised

product, great

variations in nutri-

tional content

were observed.

Soybean meal 48

ProFat is supposed

to contain 48 per-

cent crude protein

+ fat, with com-

parable digestibleamino acid and

energy contents. In

fact, the Adisseo

study showed that

crude protein con-

tent varied by 1-2

percentage points

and digestible

amino acid con-

tent by 4-5 per-

cent. The most variable nutrient was AME

with variations between 80 to 120 kcal/kg.

The oil content is not the main cause of

the variation in AME. Crude fibre explains a

part of it. Lets explain why. To manufacture

soybean meal 48 ProFat, the crushers can

decide to dehull the beans before extracting

the oil. They then add back the hulls to an

extent they perceive is necessary to create

a protein + fat content of 48 percent. The

higher the initial protein content of the bean,

the higher the amount of hulls to be added,

and the higher the crude fibre content as

well. We achieve a paradox where better

seeds may result in meals of lower nutrient

interest.

Figure 1: Digestible lysine contents of soybean meal dependon crude protein and country of origin

Figure 2: Apparent metabolisable energy content of soybeanmeal 48 ProFat is highly variable

Assessing nutritionalvalue with NIR

Results of a survey on the nutritionalvalue of soybean and rapeseed meals

and cereals for animal nutrition

by Claire Relandeau, solutiondevelopment manager, Europe Africa

Middle East Adisseo, France

Gri&fd milliG tcholoG40 | may - June 2013

FEATURE


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Energy value is somewhat correlated

with fibre content, but the linear regressionfrom fibre to energy content is not precise

enough to be used in formulation: with 5

percent crude fibre content, a soybean meal

can contain 2300 or 2450 kcal AME/ Kg

(Figure 2). This 150 Kcal difference, picked

up by PNE, Adisseo NIRs Service, would

correspond to a soybean meal shadow price

difference of 45 / T.

In practice, excluding high crude fibre

contents for monogas-

trics should be the first

reflex, but privileging

the raw materials with

the lowest levels of

fibre is not a guaran-

tee of high nutritional

value.

Aurlie Preynat,

enzyme research

manager, Adisseo

and author of several

reports on the effi-

cacy of multi enzyme

Rovabio in soybean

meal, says, Indeed

fibres do not act only

as nutrient diluent.

Their complex con-

stituents, such as man-

nans, pectins, xylans,

and cellulose, also

specifically decrease

energy and amino acid digestibility. OurNIRs service is an efficient tool to rapidly

and efficiently monitor the nutrients really

available to the poultry.

The commercial nomination 48 ProFat

is not sufficient for precise nutrition and

optimised feed production. More effi-

cient characterisation and selection of

the ingredients, based on their nutri tional

values, can result in savings as high as 10

/t of feed, calculates Elisabeth Bourgueil,

technical manager France, Iberia and Italy,

Adisseo.

Rapeseed meal quality affectedby crushing process

Rapeseed meal quality also depends on

the country of production and crushing

plants.

In this 2012 survey, rapeseed meals pro-

duced in Germany appeared to have higher

non-phytic to phytic phosphorus ratios than

those produced in France, suggesting higher

available phosphorus values. On average,

digestible lysine contents are also higher.

Differences within a country are however

as high as between countries. Repeated sam-

pling of six French rapeseed meal factories

over a one-month period showed for exam-

ple that lysine digestibility ranges between

72 and 80 percent and is very plant specific

(Figure 3).

This analysis shows an important effect

of suppliers, especially for digestible aminoacid contents. The method using regressions

to predict digestible amino acid content

based on crude protein content is unable

to reflect these differences. Introducing NIR

calibrations for digestible amino acids in

quality control plans at raw material recep-

tion is therefore a step forward to optimise

ingredient purchases and proper use in feed

formulations.

Table 1: variations in nutrient values of oilseed meals*

Min < Mean < Max Soybean meals(n=170)

Rapeseed meals(n=118)

Chemical components

Crude protein (%) 44 < 48 < 51 31 < 35 < 39

Total lysine (%) 2.54 < 2.83 < 3.01 1.53 < 1.81 < 2.03

Total phosphorus (%) 0.48 < 0.64 < 0.73 0.97 < 1.03 < 1.11Phytic phosphorus (%) 0.31 < 0.42 < 0.51 0.77 < 0.85 < 0.93

Non phytic phosphorus (%) 0.14 < 0.22 < 0.30 0.08 < 0.18 < 0.23

Nutrients

Lysine digestibility (%) 85 < 88 < 91 72 < 75 < 80

Digestible lysine (%) 2.24 < 2.49 < 2.66 1.10 < 1.36 < 1.59

Metabolisable energy (kcal/kg) 2055 < 2363 < 2517 n.d.

* All analyses performed with NIR

Gri&fd milliG tcholoG may - June 2013 | 41

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Apparent Metabolisable EnergyDigestible lysine content is a key

marker of quality of rapeseed meals. We

have similar findings in DDGS, the by

products of ethanol production, and this

observation may be applied to a larger

range of processed feedstuffs, says Ccile

Gady, Adisseo NIRs and feedstuff man-

ager, Adisseo.

400 equations provide precisevalues

This large-scale study illustrates that clas-

sical laboratory analyses and knowledge of

the origin of the raw material are a first

steps in feedstuff characterisations, but they

are not sufficient to get a good prediction

of nutritional contents. Precise Nutrition

Evaluation (PNE), the Adisseo NIR service,

gives the possibility to go one step further,with the measurement of the real digestible

amino acid and AME values.

For 15 years, Adisseo has been work-

ing on the correlations existing between

feedstuff NIR spectra and in vivo data,

obtained in vivo digestibility trials con-

ducted at their research facility CERN in

France.

The outcome? 400 equations provid-

ing the most precise values on total

and digestible amino acids, AME, total

and phytic phosphorus and the possibil-

ity to estimate, on a routine basis, those

most costly nutrients in monogastric diets

(Figure 4).

These NIRs analyses are useful to ensure

that diets provide the expected nutrients at

the lowest cost. Knowing ones raw materials

should be a concern shared by all func-

tions: quality manager, nutritionist and buyer.

Especially when feedstuffs are so expensive,

it is important to ensure you are purchasing

the right feedstuff for the right objective at

the right price.

PNE for wheat and cornNutritionists also need Precise Nutrition

Evaluation for wheat and corn. In 2009 and

2010, Adisseo also carried out a large

survey of 300 samples of wheat and corn

collected from 19 countries from Europe

and Africa. The aim was to measure the

nutritional profile of cereals according to

harvest and country. All samples were

analysed for their nutrient content, digest-

ible amino acid concentrations and AME

using NIR.

The concentrations of digestible

lysine in wheats ranged from 0.23 to

0.32 g/100 g, with a significant effect of

geographical origin. For AME, Easterncountries exhibited the lowest content

(from 2,786 to 2,860 Kcal/kg) whereas

the highest concentrat ions were found in

the northern countries (2,880 to 2,923

Kcal/kg).

Amino acids and AME contents of corn

showed a similar level of variability, with a

significant country effect. AME ranged from

3367 Kcal/ kg in Romania and Spain to 3,441

Kcal/kg in Germany and Argentina. This

observation may be due to the interaction

of many factors, including grain growing and

drying conditions.

More inforMation:

Website: www.adisseo.com

Figure 3: Rapeseed meal digestibility is pretty much affected by themanufacturing process. Different symbols represent rapeseed meals from

crushing plants (29 samples from 6 crushing plants)

Figure 4: NIR analysis as shortcuts for in vivonutrient value measurements

Gri&fd milliG tcholoG42 | may - June 2013

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Assessingnutritional value

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Assessing nutritional value with NIR