NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

FOOD HELPS

(1) To have proper growth.

(2) To provide energy - for movements and other activities.

(3) to replace and repair damaged parts.

(4) to fight against infections and diseases.  

PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Green plants prepare food using

a) carbon dioxide b) Water c) minerals

in the presence of sunlight

FUNCTION OF CHLOROPHYLL

Green color pigment is called Chlorophyll.

Helps to absorb sunlight During photosynthesis – the

light energy of the sun is converted into chemical energy – then it is stored in plants as food – oxygen is released which is necessary for plant and living organism.

RHIZOBIUM

Nitrogen is very important for growth of plants as well as for synthesis of protein.

Plants cannot utilize atmospheric nitrogen in its gaseous form.

Rhizobium is a microbe. They help to convert atmospheric

nitrogen from gaseous form to soluble form thus used by plants.

Rhizobium fixes nitrogen for the plant and thus helps in replenishing the lost nutrient in soil.

In turn plants provide food and shelter to this microbe.

Plants with nitrogen are good source of protein.

Rhizobium gets associated with roots of leguminous plants like peas, beans and gram.

PARASITIC PLANT

Cuscutas or dodder Rafflesia - biggest flower in the world

INSECTIVOROUS PLANT

Venus Fly Trap

Sundew

Pitcher plant

SYMBIOTIC PLANT - ALGAE Algae, diverse group of simple, plantlike organisms. Like plants, most algae use the energy of sunlight to make

their own food. However, algae lack the roots, leaves, and other structures

typical of true plants. They capture more of the sun’s energy and produce more

oxygen than all plants combined.

Algae vary greatly in size and grow in many diverse habitats. Microscopic algae, called phytoplankton, float or swim in

lakes and oceans. Phytoplankton are so small that 1000 individuals could fit on the head of a pin (see Plankton).

The largest forms of algae are seaweeds that stretch 100 m (300 ft) from the ocean bottom to the water’s surface. Although most algae grow in fresh water or seawater, they also grow on soil, trees, and animals, and even under or inside porous rocks, such as sandstone and limestone.

Algae tolerate a wide range of temperatures and can be found growing in hot springs, on snow banks, or deep within polar ice.

SYMBIOTIC PLANT - FUNGI

•The Fungi Kingdom is made up of a variety of different fungi. •Fungi cannot make their own food. •They must rely on other food sources to support them. •One common type of fungus is the mushrooms you find on pizza and bread. Other fungi include microscopic fungus, truffles, and more.

NUTRITION IN ANIMALS Nutrition in complex animals involves following

steps: Ingestion- The intake of food is called ingestion.

Method of ingestion, i.e. taking of food, varies from one animal to another.

Digestion - The process of breaking down of complex component of food into simpler substances is called digestion.

The process of digestion is different in human, grass eating animals, amoeba, etc.

Absorption – The process of passing of digested food into blood vessels in the intestine is called the absorption.

Assimilation – The conversion of absorbed food in complex substances such as proteins and vitamins required by body is called assimilation.

In other words, assimilation is the conversion of absorbed food (nutrients) into living tissues. Through the process of assimilation our cells are supplied with oxygen and nutrients.

Egestion – Removal of waste materials from the body is called egestion. The faecal matter is removed through the anus from time-to-time.

Since the waste of food left after digestion is also called faeces, hence the process of egestion is also known as defecation.

THE END

Aman SahaiGrade VII B