NTIS section for 24/3

NTIS SECTION

2253496 NTIS Accession Number: N20020081338/XAB

Artificial Neural Networks Applications: From AircraftDesign Optimization to Orbiting Spacecraft On-Board Envir-onment Monitoring Jules, K. ; Lin, P. P.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland,OH. NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.

Corp. Source Codes: 115801001; ZT002737

Report No.: NAS 1.15:211811; NASA/TM-2002-211811,E-13505

Aug 2002 14p

Languages: English

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0307; STAR4111

Presented at 2001 Advanced Study Institute on Neural Networksfor Instrumentation, Measurement and Related IndustrialApplications Crema Italy 9-20 Oct. 2001. North AtlanticTreaty Organization, Unknown, Unknown.

Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS(U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at(703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS islocated at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161,USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01

Country of Publication: United States

Contract No.: RTOP 400-35-4C

This paper reviews some of the recent applications of artificialneural networks taken from various works performed by theauthors over the last four years at the NASA Glenn ResearchCenter. This paper focuses mainly on two areas. First, artifi-cial neural networks application in design and optimization ofaircraft/engine propulsion systems to shorten the overalldesign cycle. Out of that specific application, a generic designtool was developed, which can be used for most design opti-mization process. Second, artificial neural networks applica-tion in monitoring the microgravity quality onboard theInternational Space Station, using on-board accelerometersfor data acquisition. These two different applications arereviewed in this paper to show the broad applicability ofartificial intelligence in various disciplines. The intent ofthis paper is not to give in-depth details of these two applica-tions, but to show the need to combine different artificialintelligence techniques or algorithms in order to design anoptimized or versatile system.

Descriptors: *Design optimization; *Neural nets; *Aircraftdesign;*Aircraft engines; *Artificial intelligence;

*Propulsion system configurations; Accelerometers; Algo-rithms; Data acquisition; Environmental monitoring; Pro-pulsion system performance; Spacecraft environments

Identifiers: NTISNASA

Section Headings: 84GE (Space Technology–General); 81G(Combustion, Engines, and Propellants–Rocket Engines andMotors); 81D (Combustion, Engines, and Propellants–Jet andGas Turbine Engines); 51E (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Avionics)


Intelligent System for Monitoring the Microgravity Environ-ment Quality

On-Board the International Space StationLin, P. P. ; Jules, K.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland,

OH. NASA JohnH. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.Corp. Source Codes: 115801001; ZT002737Report No.: NAS 1.15:211809; NASA/TM-2002-211809,E-

13504Aug 2002 13pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0307; STAR4111Presented at 2001 Instrumentation and Measurement Technol-

ogy ConferenceBudapest Hungary 21-23 May 2001. Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS(U.S.customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at(703)605-6900; andemail at [email protected]. NTIS is locatedat 5285 Port Royal Road,Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.NTISPrices: PC A03/MF A01

Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: RTOP 400-35-4CAn intelligent system for monitoring the microgravity environ-

ment qualityon-board the International Space Station is pre-sented. The monitoringsystem uses a new approachcombining Kohonen’s self-organizing feature map,learningvector quantization, and back propagation neural network torecognize and classify the known and unknown patterns.Finally, fuzzy logicis used to assess the level of confidenceassociated with each vibratingsource activation detected bythe system.

Descriptors: *Fuzzy systems; *Microgravity; *Monitors;*Smart structures;Vibration; Vector quantization; Neuralnets; International space station; Environmental quality

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 84C (Space Technology–Manned Spacecraft)

2253159 NTIS Accession Number: ADA408023/XAB

Improved Breast Cancer Research Through Automated Match-ing of Patients to Clinical Trials

(Annual rept. 3 Jul 2001-2 Jul 2002)Hall, L. O. ; Goldgof, D. B. ; Krischer, J.University of South Florida, Tampa.Corp. Source Codes: 020977000; 361520Aug 2002 19pLanguages: English

Expert Systems with Applications 24 (2003) 309–334PERGAMON

Expert Systemswith Applications

PII: S0957-4174(03)00014-9

www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0307Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from

NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);(703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; andemail at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285 Port RoyalRoad, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: DAMD17-00-1-0244An enhanced Web based prototype intelligent agent/expert sys-

tem for matching breast cancer patients to clinical trials hasbeen built. It allows for cost preferences to be entered. There-fore, the system user can choose to rule patients out of trials asquickly as possible without regard to the cost of tests neces-sary to do this. They can choose have questions appear so thatthe patient is ruled out of the trial with the minimal set of costs(tests) or can choose some combination of approaches. Thesystem has been tested with 12 protocols and designed formaximal responsiveness and scalability as new protocols areadded. The files of 178 former patients have been used to testthe accuracy of the system. Additionally,the files of 57 currentpatients have been tested for eligibility. Patientsfor each of theprotocols were correctly found eligible for one or more trials.We have also developed a prototype system to quickly addnew clinical trials. This has been successfully used by novicesto enter new trials.

Descriptors: *Patients; *Breast cancer; Test and evaluation;Automation; Accuracy; Prototypes; Costs; User needs; Med-ical research; Matching; Clinical trials

Identifiers: NTISDODXASection Headings: 57E (Medicine and Biology–Clinical Medi-

cine)


Universal Quantification in a Constraint-Based PlannerGolden, K. ; Frank, J.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field,

CA. AmesResearch Center.Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC473657c2002 10pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0306; STAR4111Presented at Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling

Toulouse France 23-27 Apr. 2002.Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS

(U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at(703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS islocated at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161,USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesConstraints and universal quantification are both useful in

planning, but handling universally quantified constraintspresents some novel challenges. We present a generalapproach to proving the validity of universally quantifiedconstraints. The approach essentially consists of checkingthat the constraint is not violated for all members of theuniverse. We show that this approach can sometimes beapplied even when variable domains are infinite, and wepresent some useful special cases where this can be doneefficiently.

Descriptors: *Computer programming; *Artificial intelligence;Computers; Algorithms

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-

tion Theory–General)

2252547 NTIS Accession Number: DE2002-800789/XAB

Volumetric Video Motion Detection for Unobstrusive Human-Computer

InterractionSmall, D. E. ; Luck, J. P. ; Carlson, J. J.Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.Corp. Source Codes: 068123000Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.Report No.: SAND2002-0801Apr 2002 CD-ROMLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0306This document is color dependent and/or in landscape layout. It

is currently only available on CD-ROM. Sponsored byDepartment of Energy, Washington, DC.

Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product fromNTIS by:phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);(703)605-6000 (other countries);fax at (703)605-6900; andemail at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285 PortRoyal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: AV A05Country of Publication: United StatesThe computer vision field has undergone a revolution of sorts in

the past five years. Moore’s law has driven real-time imageprocessing from the domain of dedicated, expensive hard-ware, to the domain of commercial off-the-shelf computers.This thesis describes their work on the design, analysis andimplementation of a Real-Time Shape from Silhouette Sensor(RT S(sup 3)). The system produces time-varying volumetricdata at real-time rates (10-30Hz). The data is in the form ofbinary volumetric images. Until recently, using this techniquein a real-time system was impractical due to the computa-tional burden. In this thesis they review the previous workinthe field, and derive the mathematics behind volumetriccalibration,silhouette extraction, and shape-from-silhouette.

Descriptors: *Computer vision; *Video techniques; *Cameras;*Motion detection; Image processing; Real time systems;Man-machine systems; Robots; Calibration

Identifiers: NTISDESection Headings: 62F (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Pattern Recognition and Image Processing); 95F (Bio-

medical Technology and Human Factors Engineering–Bionics and Artificial Intelligence); 41C (ManufacturingTechnology–Robots and Robotics)


Leveraging Cyc for the High Performance Knowledge Base(HPKB) Program

(Final rept. Jun 1997-Oct 2001)Lenat, D. B. ; Shepherd, M. A.CyCorp, Austin, TX.Corp. Source Codes: 118081000; 433002

NTIS Section / Expert Systems With Applications 24 (2003) 309–334310

Report No.: AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2002-209

Aug 2002 31pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0306The original document contains color images.Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01Country of Publication: United States

Contract No.: F30602-97-C-0182; IIST; 00This work was part of the DARPA High Performance Knowl-

edge Base (HPKB) program. The work described in this finalreport has focused on providing to the HPKB program therobustness and effectiveness of common sense knowledgeas embodied in the Cyc knowledge base. Its objective wasto provide intermediate level knowledge necessary to tietogether high level, abstract knowledge and low level appli-cation specific knowledge to ease integration of knowledgebases and provide more efficient and more powerful inferen-cing mechanisms. The pre- existing Cyc KB had tens of thou-sands of useful rules for HPKB Integrated Knowledge Base(IKB) to inherit, and the Cyc team had already analyzed the’perennial conceptual issues’ for thirteen years prior toHPKB. Early adoption of Cyc’s Public Upper Ontology asthe ’HPKB Jumpstart Ontology’ gave both the Cycorp andSAIC teams a uniform, convenient, and reliable environmentto add knowledge, ask questions and gather measurements.

Descriptors: *Software engineering; *Knowledge based sys-tems; *Decision support systems; Data processing; Inte-grated systems; Reliability; Artificial intelligence; Computernetworks; Military planning; Philosophy; Battle management;Situational awareness

Identifiers: Hpkb(High performance knowledge base); Ikb(In-tegrated knowledge base); Information technology; Knowl-edge base technology; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software); 62GE (Computers, Control,and Information Theory–General); 74G (Military Sciences–Military Operations, Strategy, and Tactics)


Delaying-Type Responses for Use by Software Decoys(Master’s thesis)Julian, D. P.Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.

Corp. Source Codes: 019895000; 251450Sep 2002 77pLanguages: English Document Type: ThesisJournal Announcement: USGRDR0306The original document contains color images.

Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product fromNTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);(703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; andemail at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285 Port RoyalRoad, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.


Country of Publication: United StatesModem intrusion detection systems have become highly reli-

able in identifying a malicious user on a computer system.Their limitations, though, are increasing the need for an intel-ligent response to an intrusion. In contrast, intelligent soft-ware decoys provide autonomous software-based responses toidentified intrusions. In this thesis, we explore conductingmilitary deception, focusing on the use of software-drivensimulations to respond to the actions of intruders. In particu-lar, this thesis focuses on a model of a simple deceptiveresponse that is intended to protect a search type programfrom a buffer-overflow attack. During our study, we foundthat after identifying an attack attempt, simulating systemsaturation with processing delays worked well to deceive aprospective attacker. We also experimented with providingconfusing reactions to an identified attack attempt, such assimulated network login screens and fake root- shells. Theresults were successful, simple reactions to intrusions thatmimicked intended system interaction, and they proved tobe adequate at implementing the deception principles we stu-died.

Descriptors: *Computer programs; *Computers; *Decoys;*Artificial intelligence; *Modems; Simulation; Networks;Interactions; Processing; Theses; Saturation; Response;Searching; Delay; Intrusion detectors; Deception

Identifiers: Intelligent software decoys; Computer deception;Military deception; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software); 62GE (Computers, Control,and Information Theory–General)


Reasoning by Analogy Using Holographic Conceptual Projec-tion (Master’s thesis)

Degirmenci, Y.

Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.

Corp. Source Codes: 019895000; 251450

Sep 2002 60p

Languages: English Document Type: Thesis

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0306




This thesis discusses the designing of an architecture whichmimics a human thought mechanism. The architecture iscalled a Holographic Conceptual Projection, which uses ana-logy and dynamic pattern matching combined with some nat-ural language understanding. Our main hypothesis is that weproject our way of thinking into words and sentences whichwe manipulate when thinking verbally. This means we canexploit the structure of sentences to build an algorithm thatmodels our thought mechanism. In our Holographic Concep-tual Projection Architecture we give examples of every wordwithin the context patterns. The patterns contain sentencesthat describe the ’condition’, ’desired situation’, ’proposition’and ’outcome’ of the concept. The concept’s patterns are thencompared with new cases to see analogies. This comparison isdone with dynamic generalization and specialization techni-ques. Finally after building an implementation, we tested it on

NTIS Section / Expert Systems With Applications 24 (2003) 309–334 311

an intelligent file-management system and an image proces-sing application.

Descriptors: *Computerized simulation; *Reasoning; *Theses;*Holography; Algorithms; Image processing; Images;Words(Language); Artificial intelligence; Hypotheses;Architecture; Natural language; Analogies; Specialization

Identifiers: Means ends analysis; Holographic conceptual pro-jection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software); 82A (Photography andRecording Devices–Holography)


Real-Time Application Performance Steering and AdaptiveControl

(Final rept. Jul 1996-Jun 1999)Reed, D. A.Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Computer

Science.Corp. Source Codes: 034597100; 176011Report No.: AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2002-185Aug 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0306The original document contains color images.Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image.

Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other coun-tries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected] is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA,22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: F30602-96-C-0161; DARPA ORDER-D516;

H767; 00High-performance computing is rapidly expanding from single

parallel systems to distributed collections of heterogeneoussequential and parallelsystems. The emerging applicationsare irregular, with complex, data dependent execution beha-vior, and dynamic, with time varying resource demands. Theobjective of the Real-time Application Performance Steeringand Adaptive Control project is to replace ad hoc, post-mor-tem performance optimization with an extensible, portable,and distributed software infrastructure for real-time adaptivecontrol that dynamically optimizes the performance of dis-tributed applications. By integrating dynamic performanceinstrumentation and on-the-fly performance data reductionwith configurable, malleable resource management algo-rithms and a real-time adaptive control mechanism, flexibleruntime systems could automatically choose and configureresource management algorithms based on application requestpatterns and observed system performance. Such an adaptiveresource management infrastructure can increase portabilityby allowing application and runtime libraries to adapt to dis-parate hardware and software platforms and increasesachieved performance by choosing and configuring thoseresource management algorithms best matched to tempo-rally varying application behavior. The Autopilot real-timeadaptive control infrastructure is based on this thesis. Autop-ilot provides a flexible set of performance sensors, decisionprocedures, and policy actuators to realize adaptive control of

applications and resource management policies on both par-allel and wide area distributed systems.

Descriptors: *Resource management; *Software tools; Compu-ter program documentation; Optimization; Real time; Parallelprocessing; Wide area networks; Fuzzy logic; Softwaremetrics

Identifiers: NTISDODXASection Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software)


System for Planning AheadStottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA.Corp. Source Codes: 115632000; ZT000658Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Washington, DC. 2002 1pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0305; STAR4110Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS


NTIS Prices: PC A01Country of Publication: United StatesA software system that uses artificial intelligence techniques to

help with complex Space Shuttle scheduling at KennedySpace Center is commercially available. Stottler HenkeAssociates, Inc.(SHAI), is marketing its automatic schedulingsystem, the Automated Manifest Planner (AMP), to industriesthat must plan and project changes many different timesbefore the tasks are executed. The system creates optimalschedules while reducing manpower costs. Using informationentered into the system by expert planners, the system auto-matically makes scheduling decisions based upon resourcelimitations and other constraints. It provides a constraintauthoring system for adding other constraints to the schedul-ing process as needed. AMP is adaptable to assist with avariety of complex scheduling problems in manufacturing,transportation, business, architecture, and construction.AMP can benefit vehicle assembly plants, batch processingplants, semiconductor manufacturing, printing and textiles,surface and underground mining operations, and maintenanceshops. For most of SHAI’s commercial sales, the companyobtains a service contract to customize AMP to a specificdomain and then issues the customer a user license.

Descriptors: *Manufacturing; *Scheduling; *Artificial intelli-gence;

*On-line programming; *Expert systems; Transportation; Tex-tiles; Space shuttles; Semiconductors(Materials); Marketing;Maintenance; Industries; Cost reduction

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software)


Boosting with Averaged Weight VectorsOza, N. C.


National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field,CA. Ames

Research Center.Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC4736572002 8pLanguages: English

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0305; STAR4110Presented at Neural Information Processing Systems 2002

Unknown 2002. Order this product from NTIS by: phoneat 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (othercountries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesAdaBoost is a well-known ensemble learning algorithm that

constructs its constituent or base models in sequence. A keystep in AdaBoost is constructing a distribution over the train-ing examples to create each base model. This distribution,represented as a vector, is constructed to be orthogonal tothe vector of mistakes made by the previous base model inthe sequence. The idea is to make the next base model’s errorsuncorrelated with those of the previous model. Someresearchers have pointed out the intuition that it is probablybetter to construct a distribution that is orthogonal to themistake vectors of all the previous base models, but thatthis is not always possible. We present an algorithm thatattempts to come as close as possible to this goal in an effi-cient manner. We present experimental results demonstratingsignificant improvement over AdaBoost and the Totally Cor-rective boosting algorithm, which also attempts to satisfy thisgoal.

Descriptors: *Algorithms; *Errors; *Machine learning; *Vec-tors(Mathematic s); Mathematical models; Artificial intelli-gence

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 72B (Mathematical Sciences–Algebra,

Analysis, Geometry, and Mathematical Logic)


SA-CIRCA: Self-Adaptive Control for Mission-Critical Sys-tems

(Final rept. Jun 1998-Nov 1999)Musliner, D. J. ; Goldman, R. P. ; Pelican, M. J. ; Krebsbach, K.

D. ; Dunfee, E. H. Honeywell Technology Center, Minnea-polis, MN.


Report No.: AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2002-207Aug 2002 48pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0305The original document contains color images.



Contract No.: F30602-98-C-0212; DARPA ORDER-G428;G428; 01

The goal of this effort was to begin extending the CooperativeIntelligent Real-Time Control Architecture (CIRCA) withabilities to automatically monitor its own performance andadapt in real-time, forming Self- Adaptive CIRCA (SA-CIRCA). CIRCA is a coarse-grain architecture designed tocontrol autonomous systems which require both intelligence,deliberative planning activity and highly reliable, hard-real-time reactions to safety threats. CIRCA allows systems toprovide performance guarantees that ensure they willremain safe and accomplish mission-critical goals whilealso intelligently pursuing long-term, non-critical goals. TheSA-CIRCA project took several steps towards extending thisarchitecture with the ability to reason accurately about its ownreal-time behavior, and adapt that behavior in response toperformance feedback. Due to a change in the direction ofthis research, the SA-CIRCA project was only partiallyfunded. As a result, the development of the architectureand demonstrations was not completed. Major issues inves-tigated during this project include formally verifying real-time control plans, dynamically decomposing long-termplans into sub-goals, and building real-time control plansusing probabilistic information to reason about most-likelystates first. The primary technical products of this researchproject are two versions of CIRCA’s controller-synthesis (orplanning) algorithm. The first version automatically generatesreactive control plans and verifies their correctness using for-mal model-checking methods. The second version does notuse model checking to verify its plans, but uses a novel formof probabilistic reasoning to restrict its planning effort to themost-likely future system state.

Descriptors: *Adaptive control systems; Real time; Learningmachines; Artificial intelligence; Drones; Automata

Identifiers: Unmanned autonomous vehicles; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-tion Theory–General); 51C (Aeronautics and Aerody-namics–Aircraft); 51E (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Avionics)


Assessment of Spatial Data Mining Tools for Integration into anObject- Oriented GIS (GIDB)

(Conference proceedings)

Ladner, R. V. ; Petry, F.

Naval Research Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS. Marine Geos-ciences Div. Corp. Source Codes: 107476008; 430774

Report No.: NRL/PP/7440-02-1004

28 Feb 2002 11p

Languages: English


Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be inblack and white.




A variety of data mining techniques are under evaluation on thespatial data of concern in our setting. We are planning tointegrate a number of these techniques into our geospatial


system (GIDB). Three approaches are under special consid-eration and are described in the paper. A COTS data miningsystem has been successfully used to develop predictive mod-els of near-shore conditions such as wave height for navalamphibious operations. Attribute generalization was appliedto seafloor data to obtain statements about conditions relevantto mine warfare. Finally an extension of association rule dis-covery applied to fuzzy spatial data that is under developmentis discussed.

Descriptors: *Information retrieval; *Mapping; *Geodesy;*Geographical information systems; Data bases; Mathemati-cal models; Data processing; Spatial distribution; Oceanwaves; Information systems; Predictions; Amphibious opera-tions; Inshore areas; Off the shelf equipment; Commercialequipment; Ocean bottom; Fuzzy logic

Identifiers: *Data mining; *Geodetic information systems;Geospatial data ; Digital mapping; Geospatial information;Gidb(Geospatial information database); NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 88B (Library and Information Sciences–Information Systems); 48I (Natural Resources and EarthSciences–Cartography); 48F (Natural Resources and EarthSciences–Geology and Geophysics)


Cooperative RSTA Research Program in Software and Intelli-gent Systems (Final technical rept. 1 Sep 1996-30 Nov 1998)

Bajcsy, R. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Philadel-phia, PA. Dept. of Computer and Information Sciences.

Corp. Source Codes: 031201003; 427629Report No.: ARO-35798.1-CI24 Apr 2002 20pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0305Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: DAAH04-96-1-0429Because perception action systems are necessarily constrained

by the physics of time and space, robotocists often assumethey are best described using differential equations, a lan-guage that is specialized for describing the evolution of vari-ables that represent physical quantities. However, when itcomes to decision making, where the representation involvedrefer to goals, strategies and preferences, AI offers a diverserange of formalisms to the modeler. However, the relationshipbetween these- two levels of representation - signal and sym-bol - are not well understood. If we are to achieve success inmodelling intelligent physical agents, robotics and AI mustreach a new consensus on how to integrate perception-actionsystems with systems designed for abstract reasoning.Research towards this end is described in reference %1 byBajcsy and Large.

Descriptors: *Robotics; Computer programs; Automation; Deci-sion making; Differential equations; Pattern recognition; Arti-ficial intelligence

Identifiers: Grasp; NTISDODXASection Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-

tion Theory–General); 41C (Manufacturing Technology–Robots and Robotics)


Life-Cycle Cost Estimating Methodology for NASA-DevelopedAir Traffic Control Decision Support Tools

Wang, J. J. ; Datta, K.bd Systems, Inc., Moffett Field, CA.Corp. Source Codes: 119289000; BF471157Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Washington, DC.Report No.: NAS 1.26:211395; NASA/CR-2002-211395,A-

0207354Mar 2002 22pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0304; STAR4110Presented at International Society of Parametric Analysis Con-

ferenceUnknown 21-24.Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS


NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: NAS2-98074This paper describes the development of a life-cycle cost

(LCC) estimating methodology for air traffic control Deci-sion Support Tools (DSTs) under development by theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),using a combination of parametric, analogy, and expertopinion methods. There is no one standard methodologyand technique that is used by NASA or by the FederalAviation Administration (FAA) for LCC estimation ofprospective Decision Support Tools. Some of thefrequently used methodologies include bottom-up, ana-logy, top-down, parametric, expert judgement, and Parkin-son’s Law. The developed LCC estimating methodologycan be visualized as a three-dimensional matrix wherethe three axes represent coverage, estimation, and timing.This paper focuses on the three characteristics of thismethodology that correspond to the three axes.

Descriptors: *Air traffic control; *Life cycle costs; *Nasa pro-grams; *Decision support systems; *Mathematical models;*Cost estimates; Technology transfer; Softwaredevelopment tools; Expert systems; Parameterization

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 85D (Transportation–Transportation

Safety); 85A (Transportation–Air Transportation)


Combination of Evidence in Dempster-Shafer TheorySentz, K. ; Ferson, S.Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.Corp. Source Codes: 068123000Sponsor: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.Report No.: SAND2000-0835


Apr 2002 100p

Languages: English


Product reproduced from digital image. Sponsored by Depart-ment of Energy, Washington, DC.



Country of Publication: United StatesDempster-Shafer theory offers an alternative to traditional

probabilistic theory for the mathematical representation ofuncertainty. The significant innovation of this framework isthat it allows for the allocation of a probability mass tosets or intervals. Dempster- Shafer theory does not requirean assumption regarding the probability of the individualconstituents of the set or interval. This is a potentiallyvaluable tool for the evaluation of risk and reliability inengineering applications when it is not possible to obtain aprecise measurement from experiments, or when knowl-edge is obtained from expert elicitation. An importantaspect of this theory is the combination of evidenceobtained from multiple sources and the modeling of con-flict between them. This report surveys a number of pos-sible combination rules for Dempster-Shafer structures andprovides examples of the implementation of these rulesfor discrete and interval-valued data.

Descriptors: *Probability theory; *Combinatorial analysis;Decision theory; Alternatives; Reasoning; Evidence; Expertsystems; Uncertainty; Evaluation; Mathematical logic; Imple-mentation

Identifiers: *Dempster-Shafer theory; NTISDE

Section Headings: 72F (Mathematical Sciences–Statistical Ana-lysis)


Contingency Planning for Planetary Rovers

Dearden, R. ; Meuleau, N. ; Ramakrishnan, S. ; Smith, D. ;Washington, R. National Aeronautics and Space Administra-tion, Moffett Field, CA. Ames

Research Center.

Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC4736572002 10p

Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0304; STAR4110

Presented at 3rd International NASA Workshop on Planningand Scheduling for Space Houston, TX 27-29 Oct. 2002.NASA.



Country of Publication: United StatesThere has been considerable work in AI on planning under

uncertainty. But this work generally assumes an extremelysimple model of action that does not consider continuoustime and resources. These assumptions are not reasonable

for a Mars rover, which must cope with uncertainty aboutthe duration of tasks, the power required, the data storagenecessary, along with its position and orientation. In thispaper, we outline an approach to generating contingencyplans when the sources of uncertainty involve continuousquantities such as time and resources. The approach involvesfirst constructing a ’seed’ plan, and then incrementally addingcontingent branches to this plan in order to improve utility.The challenge is to figure out the best places to insert con-tingency branches. This requires an estimate of how muchutility could be gained by building a contingent branch atany given place in the seed plan. Computing this utilityexactly is intractable, but we outline an approximationmethod that back propagates utility distributions through agraph structure similar to that of a plan graph.

Descriptors: *Contingency; *Roving vehicles; *Mars surface;*Meetings; *Planning; *Approximation; Data storage;Backpropagation(Artificial intelligence); Graph theory


Section Headings: 84E (Space Technology–Space Launch Vehi-cles and Support Equipment)


Monitoring and Information Fusion for Search and RescueOperations in

Large-Scale Disasters

(Final rept. 3 Aug 2001-3 Aug 2002)

Nardi, D. ; D’Agostino, F. ; Farinelli, A. ; Grisetti, G. ; Locchi,L. Rome Univ. (Italy).


Report No.: EOARD-SPC-01-4030

2 Aug 2002 87p

Languages: English


The original document contains color images.



Country of Publication: Italy

Contract No.: F61775-01-WE030

This report results from a contract tasking University of Roma asfollows: The contractor will investigate artificial intelligenceresearch methods for information fusion with application tosearch-and-rescue and large scale disaster relief. The objec-tive is to develop and to deploy tools to support the monitor-ing activities in an intervention caused by a large-scaledisaster. Particular focus will be on the software agents andthe issues related to their development. The RoboCup-Rescuesimulator will be used as the main development environment.Particular attention will be given to analyzing the informationfusion problem which concerns the way information acquiredby different sources are gathered together and organized in acoherent manner.

Descriptors: *Data fusion; Computer programs; Simulators;Disasters; Monitoring; Italy; Artificial intelligence; Searchand rescue

Identifiers: Foreign reports; Information fusion; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Information


Theory–General); 57U (Medicine and Biology–Public Healthand Industrial Medicine)


Computer Model for Determining Operational Centers of Grav-ity

(Master’s thesis)Donlon, J. J.Army Command and General Staff Coll., Fort Leavenworth, KS.

School of Advanced Military Studies.Corp. Source Codes: 002493002; 41609031 May 2002 243pLanguages: English Document Type: ThesisJournal Announcement: USGRDR0303The original document contains color images.Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image. Order

this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A12/MF A03Country of Publication: United StatesThis thesis examines the applicability of leading artificial intelli-

gence (AI) technology to the determination of operational cen-ters of gravity. Specifically, a modeling technique used inlearning agent development is applied. The application of AIto this class of problems is presented, and the considerationsfor applying AI to operational center-of-gravity determinationare discerned from doctrine and scholarly works. Those con-siderations are then used to develop a general procedure that issuitable for agent development. Analysis of two historical sce-narios, The US invasion of Okinawa (1945) and Operation JustCause in Panama (1989) provide the motivating examples forthe modeling. Evaluation of results consists of an analysis ofthe general applicability of the model for the purpose of agentdevelopment and independent expert evaluation of the resultsobtained from the model applied to the historical scenarios.The result is a model that is suitable as a basis for agent devel-opment and which produces results acceptable to subjectmatter experts. Recommendations for continued work, agentdevelopment, and related research are also presented. Appli-cation of this work could lead to the implementation of intel-ligent decision support to this and related tasks.

Descriptors: *Artificial intelligence; Computerized simula-tion; Methodology; Center of gravity; Military history; Mili-tary strategy; Military doctrine; Operational readiness;Theses; Power; Military planning; Decision support systems;Panama; Okinawa

Identifiers: Learning agents; Center of gravity(Tactics); Invasionof okinawa; Operation just cause; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software); 74F (Military Sciences–Mili-tary Intelligence); 74G (Military Sciences–Military Opera-tions, Strategy, and Tactics)


Selection, Combination, and Evaluation of Effective SoftwareSensors for Detecting Abnormal Usage of Computers Run-

ning Windows NT/2000(Final rept. 12 Oct 2000-10 Apr 2002)Shavlik, J.Shavlik Technologies, White Bear Lake, MN.Corp. Source Codes: 119243000; 439912Report No.: AFRL-SN-WP-TR-2002-1103Apr 2002 42pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0302Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: F33615-00-C-1745; ARPS; NZIntrusion-detection systems (IDS) can either: (a) look for

known attack patterns, or (b) be adaptive software that issmart enough to monitor and learn how the system is sup-posed to work under normal operation versus how it workswhen misuse is occurring. They used approach: (b) in thisproject. Specifically, they empirically determined which setsof fine-grained system measurements are the most effective atdistinguishing usage by the assigned user of a given compu-ter from misusage by other insiders within an organization.In this project, they have made significant advances towardcreating an IDS that requires few CPU cycles (less than 1percent), produces few false alarms (less than one per day),and detects most intrusions quickly (about 95 percent within5 minutes). The algorithm that was developed measures over200 Windows 2000 properties every second, and createsabout 1500 features out of them. During a machine-learningtraining phase, the algorithm learns how to weight these 1500features in order to accurately characterize the particularbehavior of each user-each user gets his or her own set offeature weights. Following training, every second all of thefeatures vote as to whether or not it seems like an intrusion isoccurring. The weighted votes for and against an intrusionare compared, and if there is enough evidence, an alarm israised.

Descriptors: *Data processing security; *Intrusion detection(Computers); Computer programs; Algorithms; Detectors;Learning machines; Problem solving; Identification systems;Adaptive systems; Pattern recognition; Artificial intelligence

Identifiers: Software sensors; Ids( intrusion detectionsystems)Wuafrlarpsnz08; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62D (Computers, Control, and Informa-tion Theory–Information Processing Standards)


Presentation to DoD’s Government and Industry Partners(Briefing) Parmentier, M. A.Office of the Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC.Corp. Source Codes: 059763000; 408018Jun 2002 31pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0302The original document contains color images. Contains view-

graphs only.Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image. Order

this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.


customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.



No abstract available.

Descriptors: *Learning; *Training management; Trainingdevices; Instructional materials; Wide area networks; Artifi-cial intelligence; Man computer interface; Computer aidedinstruction; Reusable equipment; Object oriented program-ming; Open system architecture; Collaborative techniques

Identifiers: Mentoring; Adl(Advanced distributed learning); Dis-tributed learning; Intelli; Interactive traininggent tutoring sys-tems; Viewgraphs only; Presentation slides; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 70F (Administration and Management–Public Administration and Government); 45C (Communica-tion–Common Carrier and Satellite)

2246526 NTIS Accession Number: ADP012710/XAB

Fault Isolation using Process Algebra Models

(Conference paper)

Lawesson, D. ; Nilsson, U. ; Klein, I.Linkoeping Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Computer and Information

Science.


4 May 2002 7p

Languages: English

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-

ment contains color images. This article is from ADA405380Thirteenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis(DX-2002).


NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: Sweden

We investigate the problem of doing post mortem fault isolationfor

concurrent systems using a behavioral model. The aim is toisolate the action that has caused the failure of the system,the root action. The naive approach would be to say that acertain action is the root action iff it is a logical consequenceof the model and observations that the action is the first ’badthing to happen’. This, however, is a strong requirement andputs high demand on the model. In this paper we describe theconcept of strong root candidate, a relaxation of the naiveapproach. The advantage of determining the strong root can-didate directly from model and observations is that the set oftraces consistent with model and observations need not beexplicitly computed. The property of strong root candidatecan instead be determined on-the-fly, thus only computingrelevant parts of the reachable state space.

Descriptors: *Systems analysis; *Object oriented program-ming; Mathematical models; Algebra; Concurrent engineer-ing; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence; Sweden

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Fault isolation; Strong root candidate; NTIS-DODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 62B (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–Computer Software); 62GE (Computers, Control, andInformation Theory–General)


Using Supervised Learning Techniques for Diagnosis ofDynamic Systems (Conference paper)

Abad, P. J. ; Suarez, A. J. ; Gasca, R. M. ; Ortega, J. A.Universidad de Huelva, Cantero (Spain).Corp. Source Codes: 119200000; 4414484 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: SpainThis paper describes an approach based on supervised learning

techniques for the diagnosis of dynamic systems. The meth-odology can start with real system data or with a model of thedynamic system. In the second case, a set of simulations of thesystem is required to obtain the necessary data. In both cases,obtained data will be labelled according to the running con-ditions of the system at the gathering data time. Label indi-cates the running state of system: correct working or abnormalfunctioning of any system component. After being labelled,data will be treated to add additional information about therunning of system. The final goal is to obtain a set of decisionrules by applying a classification tool to the set of labelled andtreated data. This way, any observation on the system will beclassified according to those decision rules, having a returnlabel indicating the currently running state of system.Returned label will be the diagnostic. This entire learningtask is carried out off-line, before the diagnosing.

Descriptors: *Learning machines; *Systems analysis; Mathema-tical models; Fault trees; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intel-ligence

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 62GE (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–General)


Development Tool for Distributed Monitoring and DiagnosisSystems (Conference paper)

Albert, M. ; Laengle, T. ; Woern, H.Karlsruhe Univ. (Germany, F.R.).Corp. Source Codes: 033183000; 4079834 May 2002 7p


Languages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic ofThis paper introduces a concept for building up distributed mon-

itoring and diagnostic systems for complex industrial applica-tions. The diagnostic process, from accessing sensor data upto the visualization within a graphical user interface isdescribed by universal applicable formalisms. Genericmechanisms were identified to improve the quality of a diag-nosis by integrating legacy diagnostic engines and handlingdifferent diagnostic mechanisms in parallel. For this pur-pose, a modular multi-agent architecture and a set of devel-opment tools were implemented. This software architecturefor monitoring and diagnosis was developed within the frame-work of the EU Esprit Program: ’DIAMOND: DIstributedArchitecture for MONitoring and Diagnosis’.

Descriptors: *Systems analysis; *Communications protocols;*Software tools; Mathematical models; Monitoring;Computer programming; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intel-ligence

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Diamond(Distributed architecture for monitoring and diagno-sis); Fault detection; NTISDODXA



Model-Based Monitoring of Piecewise Continuous Behaviorsusing Dynamic Uncertainty Space Partitioning

(Conference paper)Rinner, B. ; Weiss, U.Graz Univ. (Austria).Corp. Source Codes: 011754000; 1583004 May 2002 5pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A01/MF A01Country of Publication: AustriaMonitoring gains importance for many technical systems

such as robots, production lines or anti lock brakes. A

monitoring system for technical systems must be able todeal with incomplete knowledge of the supervised system,to process noisy observations and to react within prede-fined time windows. This paper presents a new approach tomonitoring technical systems based on imprecise models.Our approach repeatedly partitions the uncertainty space ofan imprecise model and checks the derived model’s statefor consistency with the measurements. Inconsistent parti-tions are then refuted resulting in a smaller uncertaintyspace and a faster failure detection. This paper furtherfocuses on the extension of our basic approach to monitor-ing systems that exhibit both continuous and discrete beha-viors. Our monitoring system has been implemented usingCOTS components and has been demonstrated in onlinemonitoring of a non- trivial heating system.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Monitoring; *Systemsanalysis; Differential equations; Diagnosis(General); Hybridsystems; Artificial intelligence

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Monotonicity; Uncertainty space partition-ing; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 72B (Mathematical Sciences–Algebra, Analysis,Geometry, and Mathematical Logic); 62GE (Computers,Control, and Information Theory–General)


Far-Sighted Diagnosis of Active Systems (Conference paper)Garatti, R. ; Lamperti, G. ; Zanella, M.Universita di Brescia (Italy). Dipartimento di Elettronica.Corp. Source Codes: 119201001; 4414494 May 2002 8pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesActive systems are a class of discrete-event systems modeled as

networks of non-deterministic automata communicatingthrough either synchronous or asynchronous connectionlinks. The model-based diagnosis of an active system is car-ried out by first reconstructing its behavior based on the obser-vation, from which faults are later derived. The complexity ofbehavior reconstruction is exacerbated by the possibility ofqueuing events within links, thereby making essential thesimulation of the order in which events are buffered withinlinks. Unfortunately some sequences of events may lead toblind alleys in the search space. This is especially critical ifevents exchanged among components are assumed to beuncertain, as the number of alternative sequences of queuedevents is still larger. Therefore, behavior reconstruction with-out any prospection in the search space is generally bound todetrimental backtracking. To make diagnosis of active sys-


tems more efficient, we present an off-line technique for pro-cessing the models inherent to the system at hand so as toautomatically generate prospection knowledge relevant to themode in which events are produced and consumed over links.Such a knowledge is then exploited on-line, when the diag-nostic engine is running, to guide the search process, thusreducing both time and space.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Systems analysis;*Automata; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Active systems; Discrete event systems;NTISDODXA



Model-Based Reliability and Diagnostic: A Common Frame-work for Reliability and Diagnostics (Conference paper)

Anrig, B. ; Kohlas, J.

Fribourg Univ. (Switzerland).


4 May 2002 8p

Languages: English


Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-ment contains color images. This article is from ADA405380Thirteenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis(DX-2002).



Country of Publication: Switzerland

Technical systems are in general not guaranteed to work cor-rectly. They are more or less reliable. One main problem fortechnical systems is the computation of the reliability of asystem. A second main problem is the problem of diagnostic.In fact, these problems are in some sense dual to each other. Inthis paper, we will use the concept of probabilistic argumen-tation systems PAS for modeling the system description aswell as observation and specifications of behaviour in onecommon framework. We show that PAS are a frameworkwhich allows to formulate both main problems easily andall concepts for these two problems can clearly be definedtherein. Using PAS, reliability and diagnostic can be consid-ered as dual problems. PAS allows to consider one commonstrategy for computing answers to the questions in the differ-ent situations.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Reliability; *Systemsanalysis; Probability; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Combinatorial analysis

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Pas(Probabilistic argumentation systems);NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 72F (Mathematical Sciences–Statistical Analysis);62GE (Computers, Control, and Information Theory–Gen-eral)


Possible Conflicts, ARRs, and Conflicts (Conference paper)Junquera, B. P. ; Gonzalez, C. A.Valladolid Univ. (Spain).Corp. Source Codes: 091467000; 4389414 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: SpainConsistency-based diagnosis is the most widely used

approach to model-based diagnosis within the ArtificialIntelligence community. It is usually carried out throughan iterative cycle of behavior prediction, conflictdetection, and candidate generation and refinement.Many approaches to consistency-based diagnosis haverelied on some kind of on-line dependency- recordingmechanism for conflict calculation. These techniques havehad different problems, specially when applied to dynamicsystems. Recently, offline compilation of dependencieshas been established as a suitable alternative approach. Inthis work we compare one compilation technique, based onthe possible conflict concept, with results obtained with theclassical on-line dependency recording engine as in GDE.Moreover, we compare possible conflicts with another com-pilation technique coming from the FDI community, whichis based on analytical redundancy relations. Finally, westudy the relationship between possible conflicts, analyticalredundancy relations, and conflicts.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Systems analysis; Diag-nosis(General); Artificial intelligence

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Arr(Analytical redundancy relations); NTIS-DODXA



HCBPS: Combining Structure-Based and TMS-BasedApproaches in Model-Based Diagnosis (Conference paper)

Kumar, T. K.Stanford Univ., CA. Knowledge Systems Lab.Corp. Source Codes: 009225001; 4168294 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-




NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesModel-based diagnosis can be formulated as the combinatorial

optimization problem of finding an assignment of behaviormodes to all the components in a system such that it is notonly consistent with the system description and observations,but also maximizes the prior probability associated with it.Because the general case of this problem is exponential in thenumber of components, we try to leverage the structure of thephysical system under consideration. Traditional dynamicprogramming techniques based on the underlying constraintnetwork (like heuristics derived from maximum cardinalityordering) do not necessarily supplement or do better thanalgorithms based on using truth maintenance systems (likeconflict-directed best first search). In this paper, we comparethe two approaches and examine how we can incorporate thedynamic programming paradigm into TMS-based algorithmsto achieve the best of both the worlds. We describe an algo-rithm called hierarchical conflict-directed best first search(HCBFS) to solve a large diagnosis problem by heuristicallydecomposing it into smaller sub-problems. We also delve intosome of the implications of HCBFS with respect to: (1) pre-compiling the system description to a form that can amortizethe cost of a diagnosis call and (2) facilitating other hybridtechniques for diagnosis.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Systems analysis; Algo-rithms; Optimization; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Combinatorial analysis; Dynamic programming

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Fault detection;Hcbfs(Hierarchical conflict-directed best first search);Tms(Truth maintenance system); NTISDODXA



State Tracking of Uncertain Hybrid Concurrent Systems(Conference paper)Benazera, E. ; Trave-Massuyes, L. ; Dague, P.Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, Toulouse

(France).Corp. Source Codes: 119199000; 4414434 May 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: FranceIn this paper we propose a component-based hybrid formal-

ism, that represents physical phenomena by combining

concurrent automata with continuous uncertain dynamicmodels. The formalism eases the modeling of complexphysical systems, and adds concurrency to the supervisionof hybrid systems. Uncertainties in the model are inte-grated as probabilities at the discrete level and intervalsat the continuos level. Our modeling framework is rathergeneric while focusing on the construction of intelligentautonomous supervisors by integrating a continuous/dis-crete interface able to reason on-line in any region ofthe physical system state-space, for behavior simulation,diagnosis and system tracking.

Descriptors: *Hybrid systems; *Systems analysis; *Automata;Mathematical models; Concurrent engineering; Diagnosis(-General); Artificial intelligence




Hybrid Diagnosis with Unknown Behavioral Modes(Conference paper)Hofbaur, M. W. ; Williams, B. C.Graz Univ. (Austria).Corp. Source Codes: 011754000; 1583004 May 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-

ment contains color images. Supported in part by NASAGrant no. NAG2-1388. This article is from ADA405380 Thir-teenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis(DX-2002).

Product reproduced from digital image. Order this productfrom NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);(703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; andemail at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285 PortRoyal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: AustriaA novel capability of discrete model-based diagnosis methods is

the ability to handle unknown modes where no assumption ismade about the behavior of one or several components of thesystem. This paper incorporates this novel capability ofmodel-based diagnosis into a hybrid estimation scheme bycalculating partial filters. The filters are based on causal andstructural analysis of the specified components and their inter-connection within the hybrid automaton model. Incorporatingunknown modes provides a robust estimation scheme that cancope, unlike other hybrid estimation and multi-model estima-tion schemes, with unmodeled situations and partial informa-tion.

Descriptors: *Structural analysis; *Mathematical filters;*Hybrid systems ; *Automata; Mathematical models;Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence; Systems analy-sis





Observation sand Results Gained from the Jade Project(Conference paper)Mayer, W. ; Stumptner, M. ; Wieland, D. ; Wotawa, F.Vienna Univ. (Austria).Corp. Source Codes: 019424000; 3661004 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: AustriaThis paper summarizes the work done in the course offline

Jade project, which deals with automatic debugging ofJava programs. Besides a brief introduction to the Jadeproject, models developed to debug Java programs areevaluated and results are presented. Furthermore, insightsgained from the results are discussed and topics for furtherresearch are identified.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models;*Debugging(Computers); *Java programming language;Computer programs; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Automatic programming; Object oriented program-ming; Graphical user interface

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Jade project ; Fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 62B (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–Computer Software)


Model-Based Diagnosis for Information Survivability(Conference paper) Shrobe, H.Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Artificial Intelligence

Lab.Corp. Source Codes: 001450241; 4074834 May 2002 10pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: N66001-00-C-8078

The Infrastructure of modern society is controlled by softwaresystems that are vulnerable to attack. Successful attacks onthese systems can lead to catastrophic results; the survivabil-ity of such information systems in the face of attacks is there-fore an area of extreme importance to society. This paperpresents model-based techniques for the diagnosis of poten-tially compromised software systems; these techniques can beused to aid the self- diagnosis and recovery from failure ofcritical software systems. It introduces Information Surviva-bility as a new domain of application for model-based diag-nosis and it presents new modeling and reasoning techniquesrelevant to the domain. In particular: (1) We develop techni-ques for the diagnosis of compromised software systems (pre-vious work on model-base diagnosis has been primarilyconcerned with physical components); (2) We develop meth-ods for dealing with model-based diagnosis as a mixture ofsymbolic and Bayesian inference; (3) We develop techniquesfor dealing with common-mode failures; (4) We develop uni-fied representational techniques for reasoning aboutinformation attacks, the vulnerabilities and compromises ofcomputational resources, and the observed behavior of com-putations; (5) We highlight additional information that shouldbe part of the goal of model-based diagnosis.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Electronic security; Infor-mation systems; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence;Systems analysis; Bayes theorem

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Fault detection;NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 62D (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–Information Processing Standards); 72F (MathematicalSciences–Statistical Analysis); 62GE (Computers, Control,and Information Theory–General)


Computing Minimal Hitting Sets with Genetic Algorithm

(Conference paper)

Li, L. ; Yunfei, J.

Zhongshan Univ., Guangzhou (China).


4 May 2002 4p

Languages: English





Country of Publication: China

A set S that has a non-empty intersection with every set in acollection of sets C is called a hitting set of C. If no elementcan be removed from S without violating the hitting set prop-erty, S is considered to be minimal. Several interesting pro-blems can be partly formulated as ones that a minimal hittingset or more ones have to be found. Many of these problems arerequired for proper solutions, but sometimes the approximate


solutions are enough. A genetic algorithm and advantagedalgorithms were devised for computing minimal hitting sets.An improvement makes them get most minimal hitting setsefficiently. Furthermore, they are smaller, i.e., fewer rules.

Descriptors: *Algorithms; *Minimax technique; Optimiza-tion; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence; Systemsanalysis; Operators(Mathematics)

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Hitting sets ; Ga(Genetic algorithms); Fault detection; NTIS-DODXA



Model Counting Characterization of Diagnoses(Conference paper)Kumar, T. K.Stanford Univ., CA. Knowledge Systems Lab.Corp. Source Codes: 009225001; 4168294 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesGiven the description of a physical system in one of several

forms (a set of constraints, Bayesian network etc.) and a setof observations made, the task of model-based diagnosis isto find a suitable assignment to the modes of behavior ofindividual components this notion can also be extended tohandle transitions and dynamic systems. Kurien and Nayak20001. Many formalisms have been proposed in the past tocharacterize diagnoses and systems. These include con-sistency-based diagnosis, fault models, abduction, combi-natorial optimization, Bayesian model selection etc.Different approaches are apparently well suited for differentapplications and representational forms in which the systemdescription is available. In this paper, we provide a unifyingtheme behind all these approaches based on the notion ofmodel counting. By doing this, we are able to provide auniversal characterization of diagnoses that is independentof the representational form of the system description. Wealso show how the shortcomings of previous approaches(mostly associated with their inability to reason about dif-ferent elements of knowledge like probabilities and con-straints) are removed in our framework. Finally, we reporton the computational tractability of diagnosis-algorithmsbased on model counting.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Systems analysis; Algo-rithms; Probability; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Combinatorial analysis

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Fault detection;Abduction; NTISDODXA



Computing Minimal Conflicts for Rich Constraint Languages(Conference paper)Mauss, J. ; Tatar, M.Daimler Chrysler A.G., Berlin (Germany). Research and Tech-

nology.Corp. Source Codes: 119198001; 4414424 May 2002 5pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A01/MF A01Country of Publication: GermanyWe address here the following question: Given an inconsis-

tent theory, find a minimal subset of it responsible for theinconsistency. Such conflicts are essential for problemsolvers that make use of conflict-driven search, for inter-active applications where explanations are required, oras supporting tools for consistency maintenance inknowledge-bases. Conflict computation in AI applicationswas usually associated with dependency recording as per-formed by TMSs. This techniques, however, have a ratherlimited applicability for languages that go beyond theexpressiveness power of propositional logic. For morepowerful languages and solvers constraint suspensionappeared, until now, to be the only available alternativefor the computation of minimal conflicts. We present herean algorithm for computing minimal conflicts that can beused with powerful constraint languages, e.g., possiblyincluding finite and non- finite variable domains, algebraicand FD constraints, etc. The conflicts are extracted postmortem from the proof (a tree with inferences of the formA (caret) B double right arrow C) that lead to the deriva-tion of the inconsistency by an informed search that com-putes and generalizes conflicting relations. The algorithmis based on a simple but powerful principle that allows torecursively decompose the minimization problem intosmaller sub-problems. This principle can also lay thefoundation for efficient constraint suspension algorithmsthat can be used in case no intermediary results arecached during the constraint solving, i.e., in case noproof structures are available.

Descriptors: *Systems engineering; *Computations; Algo-rithms; Mathematical programming; Germany; Artificialintelligence; Systems analysis

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Proof trees; Fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 72B (Mathematical Sciences–Algebra, Analysis,Geometry, and Mathematical Logic)



Diagnostic Reasoning with Multilevel Set-Covering Models(Conference paper)Baumeister, J. ; Seipel, D.Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany, F.R.).Corp. Source Codes: 018035000; 3935594 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: Germany, Federal Republic ofWe consider multilevel set-covering models for diagnostic

reasoning: though a lot of work has been done in thisfield, knowledge acquisition efforts have been investigatedonly insufficiently. We will show how set-covering modelscan be build incrementally and how they can be refined byknowledge enhancements or representational extensions.All these extensions have a primary characteristic: theycan be applied without changing the basic semantics ofthe model.

Descriptors: *Systems engineering; *Knowledge based systems;Mathematical models; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Systems analysis

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Set-covering; NTISDODXA



Structural Analysis Utilizing MSS Sets with Application to aPaper Plant

(Conference paper)Krysander, M. ; Nyberg, M.Linkoeping Univ. (Sweden).Corp. Source Codes: 069798000; 3933534 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: SwedenWhen designing model-based fault-diagnosis systems, the use

of consistency relations (also called e.g., parity relations) is a

common choice. Different subsets are sensitive to differentsubsets of faults, and thereby isolation can be achieved.This paper presents an algorithm for finding a small set ofsubmodels that can be used to derive consistency relationswith highest possible diagnosis capability. The algorithm han-dles differential-algebraic models and is based on graph the-oretical reasoning about the structure of the model. Animportant step, towards finding these submodels and thereforealso towards finding consistency relations, is to find all mini-mal structurally singular (MSS) sets of equations. These setscharacterize the fault diagnosability. The algorithm is appliedto a large nonlinear industrial example, a part of a paper plant.In spite of the complexity of this process, a small set of con-sistency relations with high diagnosis capability is success-fully derived.

Descriptors: *Structural analysis; *Differential equations; Math-ematical models; Algorithms; Nonlinear systems; Diagno-sis(General); Artificial intelligence; Systems analysis;Industrial plants; Dynamic programming; Error detectioncodes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Fault isolation; Mss(Minimal structurally sin-gular equations); NTISDODXA



Merging Indiscriminable Diagnoses: an Approach Based onAutomatic Domains

Abstraction

(Conference paper)

Torasso, P. ; Torta, G.

Turin Univ. (Italy).


4 May 2002 8p

Languages: English





Country of Publication: Italy

The paper presents an approach suitable for on-line diagnosis,which aims at automatically abstracting the domains ofdiscrete variables in the model (i.e., behavioral modes ofsystem components) in order to keep only those distinc-tions that are relevant given the available observations andtheir granularity. In particular the paper describes analgorithm which identifies indistinguishable behavioralmodes by taking into account specific classes of availableobservations and derives an abstract model where suchmodes are merged and the domain model is revisedaccordingly. By considering increasingly restricted classes


of available observations (and/or granularity of observa-tions), a set of abstract models can be derived that canbe exploited through model selection each time a newdiagnostic problem has to be solved. The approach hasbeen tested within the framework of a diagnostic agentfor a space robotic arm, and experimental results showingthe reduction in the number of diagnoses are reported.

Descriptors: *Systems analysis; Mathematical models; Algo-rithms; Robotics ; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence;Error detection codes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Domains; NTISDODXA



Consistency-Based Fault Isolation for Uncertain Systems withApplications

to Quantitative Dynamic Models(Conference paper)Jones, C. N. ; Bond, G. W. ; Lawrence, P. D.Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Engineering.Corp. Source Codes: 005285015; 4000814 May 2002 7pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United KingdomThis paper presents the Probabilistic General Diagnostic

Engine (PGDE), a novel method of offline consistency-based fault isolation. Many existing proposals require qua-litative logic models for consistency-based diagnosis due totheir ability to speed the search for conflict sets throughthe use of an ATMS. However, for many applications,quantitative dynamic models are preferred or already avail-able. The key strength of the PGDE is that it allows theuse of any modelling language for which an appropriatecalculation engine can be written. It also offers gracefuldegradation in the presence of uncertainty, commonlycaused by noise or modelling errors. Finally, given perfectknowledge, it can be shown that the PGDE computes thesame result as existing consistency-based diagnosis meth-ods. To demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, wehave used a quantitative dynamic model of the fluid powercircuit of a single-degree of freedom hydraulic test benchand developed an appropriate calculation engine for com-puting consistency between measured values and predictedresults. Various failures were generated on the physical testbench and the PGDE isolated the faults with approximately85% accuracy.

Descriptors: *Probability; *Systems analysis; Mathematicalmodels; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelligence;

Dynamic programming; Hydraulic equipment; Error detec-tion codes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports.fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72F (Mathematical Sciences–StatisticalAnalysis); 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch)


Suggestions from the Software Engineering Practice forApplying

Consistency-Based Diagnosis to Configuration KnowledgeBases

(Conference paper)Fleischanderl, G.Siemens A.G., Osterreich, Vienna (Austria).Corp. Source Codes: 119197000; 4414414 May 2002 3pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-



NTIS Prices: PC A01/MF A01Country of Publication: AustraliaA configuration knowledge base is software that needs

debugging during maintenance and can benefit from con-sistency-based diagnosis. The paper describes suggestionsand practical experience from the introduction of this diag-nosis technique in the work flow for maintaining config-uration knowledge bases. Consistency-based diagnosis issuitable for detecting bugs in knowledge bases, but needstailoring to fit in the work flow of the knowledge engi-neers.

Descriptors: *Software engineering; *Debugging(Computers);Diagnosis(Gene ral); Artificial intelligence; Systems analysis;Configuration management; Error detection codes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Ckb(Configuration knowledge bases); Fault detection; NTIS-DODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 62B (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–Computer Software); 62GE

(Computers, Control, and Information Theory–General)2246504 NTIS Accession Number: ADP012688/XAB

Model-Based Diagnosis Framework for Distributed Systems(Conference paper)Provan, G.Rockwell Scientific Co., Thousand Oaks, CA.Corp. Source Codes: 118469000; 4394194 May 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-

ment contains color images. This article is from ADA405380


Thirteenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis(DX-2002).



Contract No.: N00014-98-3-0012

We present a distributed model-based diagnostics architecturefor embedded diagnostics. We extend the traditional model-based definition of diagnosis to a distributed diagnosis defini-tion, in which we have a collection of distributed componentswhose interconnectivity is described by a directed graph.Assuming that each component can compute a local minimaldiagnosis based only on sensors internal to that componentand knowledge only of its own system description, wedescribe an algorithm that guarantees a globally sound, com-plete and minimal diagnosis for the complete system. Bycompiling diagnoses for groups of components based on theinterconnectivity graph, the algorithm efficiently synthesizesthe local diagnoses computed in distributed components into aglobally-sound system diagnosis using a graph-based mes-sage-passing approach.

Descriptors: *Fault trees; *Systems analysis; Mathematicalmodels; Algorithms; Diagnosis(General); Artificial intelli-gence; Error detection codes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Fault detection;NTISDODXA



Hybrid Modeling and Diagnosis in the Real World: A CaseStudy

(Conference paper)

Narasimhan, S. ; Biswas, G. ; Karsai, G. ; Szemethy, T. ; Bow-man, T.

Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN.


4 May 2002 9pLanguages: English






Contract No.: F30602-96-2-0227

Applying model-based diagnosis techniques to systems that exhi-bit hybrid behavior presents an interesting set of challengesthat mostly revolve around interactions of the continuous and

discrete components of the system. In many real world sys-tems, the overall physical plant is inherently continuous, butsystem control is performed by a supervisory controller thatimposes discrete switching behaviors by reconfiguring the sys-tem components, or switching controllers. In this paper, wepresent a case study of an aircraft fuel system, and discussmethodologies for building system models for online trackingof system behavior and performing fault isolation and identi-fication. Empirical studies are performed on detection and iso-lation for a set of pump and pipe failures.

Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Systems analysis; Fuelsystems; Aircraft; Linear programming; Diagnosis(General); Hybrid systems; Artificial intelligence; Systemsmanagement; Error detection codes

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Hbg(Hybrid bondgraphs); Fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–OperationsResearch); 51C (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Aircraft)


Particle Filters for Real-Time Fault Detection in PlanetaryRovers

(Conference paper)

Dearden, R. ; Clancy, D.


Research Center.


4 May 2002 6p

Languages: English






Planetary rovers provide a considerable challenge for artifi-cial intelligence in that they must operate for long periodsautonomously, or with relatively little intervention. Toachieve this, they need to have on-board fault detectionand diagnosis capabilities. Traditional model-based diag-nosis techniques are not suitable for rovers due to the tightcoupling between the vehicle’s performance and its envir-onment. Hybrid diagnosis using particle filters is presentedas an alternative, and its strengths and weaknesses areexamined. We also present some extensions to particle fil-ters that are designed to make them more suitable for use indiagnosis problems.

Descriptors: *Mathematical filters; *Systems analysis; Artifi-cial intelligence; Fault tolerance; Markov processes; Errordetection codes; Planetary surface vehicles

Identifiers: Component report; Proceedings; Particle filters;Fault detection; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72F (Mathematical Sciences–Statistical Ana-lysis); 72E (Mathematical Sciences–Operations Research);


62GE (Computers, Control, and Information Theory–Gen-eral); 84G (Space Technology–Unmanned Spacecraft)


Sea Air Gap Agent(Technical rept)Clark, D.Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Salisbury (Aus-

tralia).Electronics and Surveillance Research.Corp. Source Codes: 069816005; 438110Report No.: DSTO-TR-1304; DODA-AR-012-311Apr 2002 46pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in

black and white.Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01Country of Publication: AustraliaThis document describes the implementation of intelligent

agents in a distributed surveillance simulation exercise.Agent Oriented Systems provided the agent frameworkknown as JACK. The synthetic environment includesSTAGE, which provides the physical domain simulation,the DSTO DICE simulation software, which is designed toprovide command and control representation and an in-housedeveloped prototype planning function for optimisation ofsurveillance plans.

Descriptors: *Computerized simulation; *Command and controlsystems; *Artificial intelligence; Computer programs; Deci-sion making; Prototypes; Australia; Surveillance

Identifiers: Foreign reports; NTISDODXASection Headings: 45C (Communication–Common Carrier and

Satellite); 62B (Computers, Control, and Information The-ory–Computer Software)


Optimizing Simulators: An Intelligent Analysis Tool for Com-plex

Operational Problems(Final rept. 1 Dec 1998-30 Nov 2001)Powell, W.Princeton Univ., NJ. Dept. of Operations Research and Finan-

cial Engineering.Corp. Source Codes: 009938012; 438509Report No.: AFRL-SR-AR-TR-02-0288Feb 2002 59pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: F49620-99-1-0054The optimizing simulator represents a class of simulation tools

in which the analyst can control the level of intelligence byadding information classes to the decision function. Forexample, the current MASS/AMOS simulator for airliftoperations uses a simple rule-based function that acts purelyon what is known at the time the decision is made, withoutusing any forecasts of future activities. This is the firstinformation class. The other three are: forecasts of exogen-ous events (classical forecasting), forecasts of the impact ofa decision now on the future state of the system (for exam-ple, the impact of flying a C-17 into Saudi Arabia) andexpert knowledge (although not reflect in the costs, anexpert might tell you never to fly a C-17 into Saudi Arabia,or that it is best to use C5’s when moving a certain type ofcargo). Our approach to simulation bridges the traditionalgab between simulation and optimization, and at the sametime between operations research (which uses cost-baseddecision functions) and artificial intelligence (which usesrule-based decision functions). These techniques encom-passes the current methods used in MASS (and its latestversion AMOS), and at the same time can compete withcommercial linear programming packages (which are usedto solve models such as NRMO, which formulate the airliftproblem as a linear program). We also allow the user tospecify desired behaviors in the form of simple, low-dimen-sional patterns, which produces behaviors that may not becaptured by a cost function. In this way, we provide abridge between cost-based operations research models, andrule-based AT techniques.

Descriptors: *Logistics management; *Scheduling; Simulation;Decision making; Linear programming; Forecasting; Rulebased systems; Airlift operations

Identifiers: NTISDODXASection Headings: 72E (Mathematical Sciences–Operations

Research); 74E (Military Sciences–Logistics, Military Facil-ities, and Supplies)


Logistics Decision Support Tool (LDST) Framework andDesign Concepts

(Interim rept. Apr 2000-Jan 2002)Vincent, P. J. ; Wampler, J. L.Northrop Grumman Information Technology, Fairborn, OH.Corp. Source Codes: 119190000; 441471Report No.: AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2002-0152Jan 2002 52pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: F33615-99-D-6001; 1710; D0This report documents the results of research activities asso-

ciated with the development of a framework for the LogisticsDecision Support Tool (LDST). The specific research activ-ities conducted as part of this effort included: (1) identifying


deficiencies and shortfalls associated with current processesused to develop logistics support concepts for space systems,(2) specifying LDST functional requirements to help addressthese deficiencies and shortfalls, (3) performing a survey ofcurrent logistics support tools and software technologies thatcan be leveraged-on to address LDST requirements, (4) esti-mating a return on investment for LDST, and (5) developmentof design concepts to demonstrate the core functions of theLDST.

Descriptors: *Logistics management; *Decision support sys-tems; Logistics support; Data acquisition; Artificial intelli-gence; Expert systems; Knowledge management

Identifiers: Ldst(Logistics decision support tool); NTISDODXASection Headings: 74E (Military Sciences–Logistics, Military

Facilities, and Supplies); 70B (Administration and Manage-ment–Management Practice)


Relating Autonomy to a Task - Can It Be Done(Conference paper 1 Mar 2001-1 Mar 2002)Clough, B. T.Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. Air

VehiclesDirectorate.Corp. Source Codes: 114759001; 433974Report No.: AFRL-VA-WP-TP-2002-307Apr 2002 11p

Languages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: 232F; FEThere are currently countless methods touting being the best at

autonomous control. whether it is emergent behavior ordynamic programming, fuzzy logic or Bayesian Belief Net-works, each technology has its phalanx of zealots that pro-claim it to be superior for the job and the rest rotten, or at leasttrivialized. In this paper, we step back and look at the bigpicture in autonomous control, developing the idea thatwhat will drive the choice of the particular technology isthe task, or tasks, that the autonomous system must do, andnot the merits of any particular technology by itself. Theoptimal technology for any task in inexorably intertwinedwith the task - they cannot be separated.

Descriptors: *Control systems; *Automation; Optimization;Unmanned; Self operation; Vehicles; Technology assess-ment

Identifiers: Uav(Unmanned aerial vehicles); NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 51C (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Air-craft); 41G (Manufacturing Technology–Quality Controland Reliability)


PM Signals Warfare Contract OpportunitiesKeller, C.

Army Communications-Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth,NJ.

Corp. Source Codes: 072892000; 4125036 May 2002 15pLanguages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0301See also ADM001406, non-print version on CD-ROM. Confer-

ence briefings from Advance Planning Briefing for Indus-try(APBI) held May 6-7, 2002. The original documentcontains color images. Contains viewgraphs only.

Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image. Orderthis product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesNo abstract available.Descriptors: *Meetings; *Electronic warfare; *Detectors; *Con-

tracts; Signal processing; Aerial reconnaissance; Jamming; Arti-ficial intelligence; Drones; Technology forecasting; Radiodirection finders; Tactical intelligence; Electronic intelligence

Identifiers: Guardrail project; Acs(Aerial common sensor);Signal intelligence; Briefing charts; Presentation slides;Viewgraphs only; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 74G (Military Sciences–Military Operations,Strategy, and Tactics); 63B (Detection and Countermeasures–Electromagnetic and Acoustic Countermeasures)


Thirteenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis(DX-2002)

(Conference proceedings)Stumptner, M. ; Wotawa, F.Technische Univ., Vienna (Austria).Corp. Source Codes: 065147000; 394086Report No.: EOARD-CSP-02-5032May 2002 196pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301Held at Semmering, Austria, 2-4 May 2002. The original docu-

ment contains color images. For individual articles, seeADP012686 thru ADP012711.


NTIS Prices: PC A10/MF A03Country of Publication: AustriaContract No.: F61775-02-WF032The Final Proceedings for Thirteenth International Workshop on

Principles of Diagnosis (DX-2002), 2 May 2002 - 4 May2002. This workshop is based on the area of artificial intelli-gence. The focus of this year’s event is on theories, principlesand computational techniques for diagnosis, testing, reconfi-guration and repair of complex systems. Specific topics ofinterest to the Air Force include: formal methods and compu-tational methods, modeling (symbolic, numeric, discrete,continuous, and hybrid discrete/continuous), computationalissues like combinatorial explosion, the diagnosis process,machine learning, nonmonotonic reasoning, and applicationsand technology transfer.


Descriptors: *Mathematical models; *Artificial intelligence;*Systems analysis; *Workshops; Algorithms;Computerized simulation; Systems engineering; Computerprogramming; Probability; Linear programming; Learningmachines; Concurrent engineering; Fault trees; Diagnosis(-General); Knowledge based systems; Combinatorial analysis;Dynamic programming; Austria; Fault tolerance; Configura-tion management; Debugging(Computers); Systems manage-ment; Automata; Error detection codes; Computerbenchmarking; Object oriented programming; Communica-tions protocols; Software tools

Identifiers: Compilation report; Proceedings; Foreign reports;Fault detection; Fault isolation; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 72GE (Mathematical Sciences–General);62GE (Computers, Control, and Information Theory–Gen-eral)


Integrating Oil Debris and Vibration Gear Damage DetectionTechnologies

Using Fuzzy LogicDempsey, P. J. ; Afjeh, A. A.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland,

OH. NASA JohnH. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.Corp. Source Codes: 115801001; ZT002737Report No.: NAS 1.15:211126; NASA/TM-2002-211126,E-

12976Jul 2002 21pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301; STAR4009Presented at 58th Annual Forum and Technology Display Mon-

treal, Quebec Canada 11-13. American Helicopter Society,Inc.


NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: RTOP 728-30-10A diagnostic tool for detecting damage to spur gears was devel-

oped. Two different measurement technologies, wear debrisanalysis and vibration, were integrated into a health monitor-ing system for detecting surface fatigue pitting damage ongears. This integrated system showed improved detectionand decision-making capabilities as compared to using indi-vidual measurement technologies. This diagnostic tool wasdeveloped and evaluated experimentally by collecting vibra-tion and oil debris data from fatigue tests performed in theNASA Glenn Spur Gear Fatigue Test Rig. Experimental datawere collected during experiments performed in this test rigwith and without pitting. Results show combining the twomeasurement technologies improves the detection of pittingdamage on spur gears.

Descriptors: *Damage; *Detection; *Fuzzy systems; *Oils;*Systems integration; *Gears; *Systems health monitoring;*Vibration tests; Pitting; Gear teeth; Wear; Structural relia-bility; Fatigue tests


Section Headings: 51B (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Aero-nautics)


Genetic Evolution of Shape-Altering Programs for SupersonicAerodynamics

Kennelly, R. A.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field,

CA. AmesResearch Center.Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC47365711 Aug 2002 6pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0301; STAR4009Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS


NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesTwo constrained shape optimization problems relevant to

aerodynamics are solved by genetic programming, inwhich a population of computer programs evolves automa-tically under pressure of fitness-driven reproduction andgenetic crossover. Known optimal solutions are recoveredusing a small, naive set of elementary operations. Effec-tiveness is improved through use of automatically definedfunctions, especially when one of them is capable of avariable number of iterations, even though the test pro-blems lack obvious exploitable regularities. An attempt atevolving new elementary operations was only partially suc-cessful.

Descriptors: *Shape optimization; *Computer programming;*Aerodynamics; *Supersonic flow; *Functions(Mathe-matics); Machine learning; Artificial intelligence

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 51A (Aeronautics and Aerodynamics–Aero-

dynamics)


Challenging Aerospace Problems for Intelligent SystemsKrishnakumar, K. ; Kanashige, J. ; Satyadas, A.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field,

CA. AmesResearch Center.Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC47365713 Mar 2002 15pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0226; STAR4008Presented at Von Karman Institute Lecture Series on Intelligent

Systems for Aeronautics Brussels Belgium 13-17 May 2002.Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genese,Belgium, Belgium.

Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS(U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at(703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS islocated at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161,


USA.


Contract No.: RTOP 704-30-62In this paper we highlight four problem domains that are well

suited and challenging for intelligent system technologies.The problems are defined and an outline of a probableapproach is presented. No attempt is made to define the pro-blems as test cases. In other words, no data or set of equationsthat a user can code and get results are provided. The mainidea behind this paper is to motivate intelligent systemresearchers to examine problems that will elevate intelligentsystem technologies and applications to a higher level.

Descriptors: *Artificial intelligence; *Genetic algorithms; *Sys-tems engineering; *Aerospace systems; *Computer aideddesign; Fuzzy systems; Decision support systems; Aircraftdesign; Optimization; Libraries; Predictions; Architecture(-Computers); Applications programs(Computers)


Section Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-tion Theory–General); 84GE (Space Technology–General)


Intelligent Systems for Aerospace Engineering: An OverviewKrishnakumar, K.


Research Center.

Corp. Source Codes: 019045001; NC473657;Sponsor: Alabama Univ., AL.; National Aeronautics and

Space

Administration, Washington, DC.13 Mar 2002 16pLanguages: English

Journal Announcement: USGRDR0226; STAR4008Presented at von Karman Institute Lecture Series on Intelligent

Systems for Aeronautics Brussels Belgium 13-17 May 2002.Von Karman Inst. for Fluid

Dynamics, Belgium, Belgium.Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS



Contract No.: RTOP 704-30-62Intelligent systems are nature-inspired, mathematically

sound, computationally intensive problem solving tools andmethodologies that have become extremely important foradvancing the current trends in information technology. Arti-ficially intelligent systems currently utilize computers to emu-late various faculties of human intelligence and biologicalmetaphors. They use a combination of symbolic and sub-sym-bolic systems capable of evolving human cognitive skills andintelligence, not just systems capable of doing things humansdo not do well. Intelligent systems are ideally suited for taskssuch as search and optimization, pattern recognition andmatching, planning, uncertainty management, control, andadaptation. In this paper, the intelligent system technologiesand their application potential are highlighted via several

examples.Descriptors: *Artificial intelligence; *Aerospace engineering;

*Fuzzy systems; *Optimization; Knowledgebases(Artificial intelligence); Autoregressive moving aver-age; Searching; Control theory; Optimal control; Robust-ness(Mathematics)

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 84GE (Space Technology–General); 62GE

(Computers, Control, and Information Theory–General)


Fuzzy Logic Based Image Fusion(Final rept)Meitzler, T. J. ; Bednarz, D. ; Sohn, E. J. ; Lane, K. ; Bryk, D.Army Tank-Automotive Command, Warren, MI.Corp. Source Codes: 005443000; 403411Report No.: TACOM-TP-1381812 Jul 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0226Prepared in collaboration with Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI,

and Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI.Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesThe fusion of visual and infrared sensor images of potential

driving hazards in static infrared and visual scenes is com-puted using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA ispresented as a new method for combining images from dif-ferent sensors for achieving an image that displays moreinformation than either image separately. Both Mamdaniand ANFIS methods are used. The fused sensor images arecompared to metrics to measure the increased perception of adriving hazard in the sensor-fused image. The metrics arecorrelated to experimental ranking of the image quality. Theimage rankings are obtained by presenting imagery in theTARDEC Visual Perception Lab (VPL) to subjects. Probabil-ity of detection of a driving hazard is computed using dataobtained in observer tests.

Descriptors: *Image processing; *Fuzzy logic; Neural nets;Optical images ; Infrared images; Sensor fusion

Identifiers: NTISDODXASection Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-

tion Theory–General); 63C (Detection and Countermea-sures–Infrared and Ultraviolet Detection)


Motion Imagery’s Effect on Air Force Commanders’ Decision-Marketing

Process: A Phenomenological Perspective(Master’s thesis)Higgins, S. L.Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.Corp. Source Codes: 000805000; 012200


14 Aug 2002 55pLanguages: English Document Type: ThesisJournal Announcement: USGRDR0226Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesThis inquiry focuses on Air Force commanders’ personal

experiences with motion imagery when used as a tool inthe decision-making process. It adopts a grounded theoryapproach to analyze emergent themes from the comman-ders’ phenomenological perspectives. Strauss and Corbin’smethodology of open, axial, and selective coding was usedto analyze semi-structured interviews and senior leaders’videotaped interviews. The results indicated a substantivelevel theory based on Boyd’s OODA (observe, orient,decide, act) loop in military decision-making. I label thisemerging theory as Clear Canopy: Motion imagery useexpedites the OODA loop in the first phase, approves/dis-proves mental images commanders might have in theorientation stage, validates/ challenges pending decisionsif more imagery is obtained, and provides feedback afteraction is completed.

Descriptors: *Decision making; *Images; Leadership; The-ory; Theses; Military commanders; Mental ability; Percep-tion

Identifiers: Motion imagery; NTISDODXASection Headings: 95F (Biomedical Technology and Human

Factors Engineering–Bionics and Artificial Intelligence);74GE (Military Sciences–General); 92B (Behavior andSociety–Psychology)


New Approach to Structural Reliability in Fatigue Failure(Final rept)Nemat-Nasser, S. ; Zarka, J.California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla. Dept. of Applied

Mechanics andEngineering Sciences.Corp. Source Codes: 005436042; 40751315 Aug 2002 19pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0226Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in

black and white.Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: N00014-96-1-0631The project objective is to develop formalism for assessing

fatigue fracture of welded parts of ship structures based ona newly developed automatic Learning Expert System(L.E.S.), using extensive knowledge of material character-istics, experimental results, and results obtained throughcomputational simulations. Any study of the welds on a

ship structure must take into account the uncertaintiesand random characteristics of the loading, as well as thefatigue lifetime of the welds. Due to the stochastic natureof the loads, the available deterministic approaches are notsufficient to give a reliable evaluation of the structuralsafety. Although there has been some effort to fill thisgap by probabilistic approaches, these are yet of limitedusefulness because of the limited available databases. Theresearch project will ultimately demonstrate the applicabil-ity and effectiveness of L.E.S to this class of engineeringmechanics problems. As the first and fundamental step inthis project, it is necessary to build a relevant database.Experimental and field date has secured from Navyresearch centers, and through collaboration with scientistsworking in this general area. Additional data has beenobtained from literature searches.

Descriptors: *Fatigue life; *Structural properties; *Weldedjoints; *Ship structural components; Test and evaluation;Data bases; Computations; Fracture(Mechanics); Engineer-ing; Safety; Naval research; Expert systems; Fatigue(Mecha-nics); Naval shore facilities; Failure(Mechanics); Learning;Determinants(Mathematics); Scientists

Identifiers: Welded structures; NTISDODXASection Headings: 41F (Manufacturing Technology–Joining);

47A (Ocean Technology and Engineering–Marine Engineer-ing)

2244391 NTIS Accession Number: PB2002-107945/XAB

Machine Intelligent Gust Front Algorithm for the WSPTroxel, S. W. ; Pughe, W. L.Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington. Lincoln Lab.Corp. Source Codes: 009875001Report No.: ATC-27410 Jun 2002 226pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0225Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A12/MF A03Country of Publication: United StatesThe Machine Intelligent Gust Front Algorithm

(MIGFA) utilizes multi-dimensional image processingand fuzzy logic techniques to identify gust fronts in Dop-pler radar data generated by the ASR-9 Weather SystemsProcessor (WSP). The algorithm generates products thatsupport both safety and planning functions for ATC. Out-puts include current and predicted locations of gust fronts,as well as estimates of the wind shear and wind shiftassociated with each gust front. This document providesboth high level and detailed functional descriptions ofFAA build 2.0 of the WSP MIGFA. The document waswritten with many explicit references to data structuresand routines in the actual software in order that it mayserve as a useful algorithm development and programmersreference guide.

Descriptors: *Gust fronts(Meteorology); *Doppler radar;Outputs; Meteorological radar; Radar equipment; Image pro-cessing; Fuzzy logic; Algorithms; Safety; Planning; Windshear; Wind shift


Identifiers: *ASR-9 Weather Systems Processor(WSP); NTIS-DOTFAA

Section Headings: 55C (Atmospheric Sciences–Meteorologi-cal Data Collection, Analysis, and Weather Forecasting);63H (Detection and Countermeasures–RadiofrequencyDetection)


Development of a Spacecraft Materials Selector Expert System(Final Report)Pippin, G.Boeing Co., Seattle, WA.Corp. Source Codes: 004210000; BR564481Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Washington, DC.Report No.: NAS 1.26:211785; NASA/CR-2002-211785,M-

1048Jun 2002 39pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0225; STAR4008Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS


NTIS Prices: PC A04/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: NAS8-98213This report contains a description of the knowledge base tool

and examples of its use. A downloadable version of theSpacecraft Materials Selector (SMS) knowledge base isavailable through the NASA Space Environments and EffectsProgram. The ’Spacecraft Materials Selector’ knowledge baseis part of an electronic expert system. The expert systemconsists of an inference engine that contains the ’decision-making’ code and the knowledge base that contains theselected body of information. The inference engine is a soft-ware package previously developed at Boeing, called the Boe-ing Expert System Tool (BEST) kit.

Descriptors: *Software development tools; *Computer pro-grams; *Expert systems; *Applications programs(Compu-ters); Information systems; Selectors

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 84G (Space Technology–Unmanned Space-

craft); 84C (Space Technology–Manned Spacecraft)


Smart Aerospace eCommerce: Using Intelligent Agents in aNASA Mission

Services Ordering ApplicationMoleski, W. ; Luczak, E. ; Morris, K. ; Clayton, B. ; Scherf, P.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt,

MD. GoddardSpace Flight Center.Corp. Source Codes: 013129001; NC999967Jan 2002 9pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0225; STAR4008Presented at IEEE 2002 Aerospace Conference Big Sky, MT

Mar. 2002. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS(U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at(703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is locatedat 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesThis paper describes how intelligent agent technology was suc-

cessfully prototyped and then deployed in a smart eCom-merce application for NASA. An intelligent software agentcalled the Intelligent Service Validation Agent (ISVA) wasadded to an existing web-based ordering application to vali-date complex orders for spacecraft mission services. Thisintegration of intelligent agent technology with conventionalweb technology satisfies an immediate NASA need to reducemanual order processing costs. The ISVA agent checks ordersfor completeness, consistency, and correctness, and notifiesusers of detected problems. ISVA uses NASA business rulesand a knowledge base of NASA services, and is implementedusing the Java Expert System Shell (Jess), a fast rule-basedinference engine. The paper discusses the design of the agentand knowledge base, and the prototyping and deploymentapproach. It also discusses future directions and other appli-cations, and discusses lessons-learned that may help otherprojects make their aerospace eCommerce applications smar-ter.

Descriptors: *Knowledge based systems; *Electronic com-merce; *Java(Programming language); Knowledge bases(Ar-tificial intelligence); Consistency; Inference

Identifiers: NTISNASASection Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and Information

Theory–Computer Software)


Risk Reduction with a Fuzzy Expert Exploration Tool

(Semi-annual rept. 15 Mar 01-15 Mar 02)Weiss, W. W.

New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro.Corp. Source Codes: 012640000Sponsor: Department of Energy, Tulsa, OK. National Petroleum

Technology

Office.Report No.: DOE/BC/15218-2

Jun 2002 80pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0223

Sponsored by Department of Energy, Tulsa, OK. National Pet-roleum Technology Office.



Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: DE-AC26-99BC15218Incomplete or sparse information on types of data such as geo-

logic or formation characteristics introduces a high level ofrisk for oil exploration and development projects. Expert sys-tems developed and used in several disciplines and industrieshave demonstrated beneficial results. A state-of-the-art


exploration expert tool, relying on a computerized databaseand computer maps generated by neural networks, is beingdeveloped through the use of ’fuzzy’ logic, a relatively newmathematical treatment of imprecise or non-explicit para-meters and values. Oil prospecting risk can be reduced withthe use of a properly developed and validated ’Fuzzy ExpertExploration (FEE) Tool.’

Descriptors: *Expert systems; *Fuzzy logic; *Artificial intelli-gence; Exploration; Risk assessment; Geology; Oil explora-tion

Identifiers: NTISDESection Headings: 62GE (Computers, Control, and Informa-

tion Theory–General); 48GE (Natural Resources and EarthSciences–General)


Neural Controller for an Artificial Limb: Development of a Bio/Robotic

Interface(Final technical rept)Mussa-Ivaldi, F.Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL. Medical School.Corp. Source Codes: 004719009; 2607009 May 2002 6pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0222Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from


NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: N00014-97-1-0714This AASERT project was aimed at complementing an

ongoing research project funded by ONR (grant no.N00014-95-1-0571). The goal of the parent grant was two-fold: a) to further our understanding of the organization ofmotor control in the spinal cord; and b) to develop anartificial system consistent with this understanding. Thepurpose of this augmentation award was to enhance theongoing sponsored research while training a graduate stu-dent in Mechanical Engineering. The system developedthanks to the AASERT support is a hybrid device thatcombines living neural tissue from the sea Lamprey brain-stem and spinal cord with a small mobile robot. The goalwas therefore twofold: 1) developing a novel device; and2) engaging a graduate student in an advance research/development project. The AASERT award has providedan extremely valuable complement of the parent grant.The research under the AASERT award led to a noveland successful line of research, aimed at the integrationof living neural tissue with artificial devices. This goal hasbeen reached and the first prototype of a hybrid systemoperating with a closed sensory-motor loop has been cre-ated and utilized for investigating the structure of theneural connections and the mechanisms of synaptic plasti-city.

Descriptors: *Robotics; *Neural nets; *Robots; *Spinal cord;*Artificial limbs; Tissues(Biology); Students; Interfaces;Prototypes; Mechanical engineering; Nervous system; Plastic

properties; Hybrid systems; Synapse; NervesIdentifiers: Prrn(Posterior rhombencephalic reticular nuclei);

NTISDODXASection Headings: 57E (Medicine and Biology–Clinical Medi-

cine); 62GE (Computers, Control, and Information Theory–General); 95F (Biomedical Technology and Human FactorsEngineering–Bionics and Artificial Intelligence)

2239921 NTIS Accession Number: PB2002-108213/XAB

Text REtrieval Conference (10th), TREC-2001: InformationTechnology.

Proceedings Held in Gaithersburg, Maryland, on November 13-16, 2001

(Special pub)Voorhees, E. M. ; Harman, D. K.National Inst. of Standards and Technology (ITL), Gaithersburg,

MD.Corp. Source Codes: 113284000Report No.: NIST-SP-500-250May 2002 980pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0221See also PB2002-100919, TREC-9.Also available on CD-ROM.

Product reproduced from digital image.Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS


NTIS Prices: PC A99/MF E11Country of Publication: United StatesThis report constitutes the proceedings of the 2001 edition of

the Text Retrieval Conference, TREC 2001, held inGaithersburg, Maryland, November 13-16, 2001. The con-ference was co-sponsored by the National Institute of Stan-dards and Technology (NIST), the Defense AdvancedResearch Projects Agency (DARPA), and the AdvancedResearch and Development Activity (ARDA). Eighty-seven groups including participants from 21 different coun-tries were represented. TREC 2001 is the latest in a seriesof workshops designed to foster research in text retrievaland related technologies. A new video ’track’ that focusedon supporting content-based access to digital video wasintroduced this year. The other tracks included in TREC2001 were web retrieval, cross-language retrieval, ques-tion answering, interactive retrieval, and filtering. The con-ference included paper sessions and discussion groups.This proceeding includes papers from most of the partici-pants (some groups did not submit papers), track reportsthat define the problem addressed by the track plus sum-marize the main track results, and tables of individualgroup results. The TREC 2001 proceedings web site alsocontains system descriptions that detail the timing and sto-rage requirements of the different runs.

Descriptors: *Information retrieval effectiveness; *Search struc-turing; Performance evaluation; Machine learning; Expertsystems; Natural language; Search theory; Search profiles;Reasoning; Searching; Text processing

Identifiers: NTISCOMNBSSection Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and Information

Theory–Computer Software); 88B (Library and Infor-


mation Sciences–Information Systems); 88A (Library andInformation Sciences–Operations and Planning)


Issues of Dynamic Coalition Formation Among Rational Agents(Conference paper)Klusch, M. ; Gerber, A.GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTEL-

LIGENCE SAARBRUECKEN (GERMANY)MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS GROUP.Corp. Source Codes: 888888888; 441057Apr 2002 12pLanguages: English Document Type: Conference proceedingJournal Announcement: USGRDR0221The original document contains color images. Pres. at Second

Intl. Conference on Knowledge Systems for CoalitionOperations, Toulouse, France, 23-24 Apr 2002, p91-102.This article is from ADA402533 KSCO 2002: SecondInternational Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coali-tion Operations.

Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image. Orderthis product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01Country of Publication: United StatesWe introduce the notion, issues, and challenges of dynamic

coalition formation (DCF) among rational software agentsin open, heterogeneous and work widely distributed environ-ments such as the Internet and Web. Selected relevantapproaches coping with only parts of the DCF problemdomain in different disciplines such as decision theory, socialreasoning, and machine learning are briefly discussed.Finally, we sketch one novel DCF scheme, and highlightsome future research work towards a general framework ofdynamic coalition formation.

Descriptors: *Game theory; *Collaborative techniques; Inte-grated systems; Symposia; Stochastic processes; Groupdynamics; Information exchange; Learning machines; Deci-sion theory; Germany; Fuzzy logic

Identifiers: Component report; Foreign reports; Proceedings;Coalitions; Information management; NTISDODXA



Warfighter’s Information Packaging (WIP)(Final rept. Dec 2000-Sep 2001)Donnelly, J.Alaska Univ., Anchorage.Corp. Source Codes: 039164000; 440172Report No.: AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2002-63Apr 2002 15pLanguages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0221The original document contains color images.Hard copy only. Product reproduced from digital image. Order

this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.

customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at [email protected]. NTIS is located at 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.


Contract No.: F30602-98-C-0001; IIST; 00The Warfighter’s Information Packaging effort developed a suite

of distributed components to deliver packages of informa-tion to the warfighter. These packages are designed to deliverthe most relevant, up-to-date information to warfighters at allechelons by populating report templates with informationfrom all available sources. Subject matter experts can developeffective templates ahead of time. Those templates are thenavailable to all personnel, regardless of their level of exper-tise. A wide range of sources are made available by the appli-cation of information integration techniques in the form of amediation service. The final effort focused on the develop-ment of a template for use by strike mission planners and amission-planning expert system. The system developed iscapable of reasoning about available supply and refuelingmissions, aircraft ranges, and distances to targets, in orderto present a focused set of options to the mission planner.

Descriptors: *Software engineering; *Information systems;*Templates; *Expert systems; *Mediation; Computer archi-tecture; Rule based systems; Operational effectiveness; Mili-tary applications; Packaging; Strike warfare ; Software tools

Identifiers: Architecture for component based mediation envir-onments; Information packaging; Knowledge bases; Wip(-Warfighter information package) ; Cobra(Common objectrequest broker architecture); Idl(Interface definition lan-guage); Software componentsWuafrliist0019; NTISDODXA

Section Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and InformationTheory–Computer Software); 62GE (Computers, Control,and Information Theory–General)


Integration of Next-Generation Intrusion Detection System/Event

Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Dis-turbances

(NIDES/EMERALD) intrusion Detection Engines with theInternational Office

of Standardization (ISO) Architecture

(Final rept. Apr 98-Oct 2001)Lindqvist, U. ; Porras, P. A.SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.

Corp. Source Codes: 055876000; 410281Report No.: CRI-P01715-010; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2002-10Feb 2002 107p

Languages: EnglishJournal Announcement: USGRDR0221


NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A02Country of Publication: United StatesContract No.: F30602-98-C-0059; F821; 11

This report describes the expert-system-based intrusiondetection technologies developed in the EMERALD


program, and the research and experimentation performedwith those components. The forward-reasoning expert- sys-tem tool P-BEST, which has been used to build signature-analysis engines for IDES, NIDES and now EMERALD, isdescribed in detail. We show how data from network trafficinterception, from host operating system audit trails, andfrom critical applications can be analyzed by P-BEST-basedapplications for real-time intrusion detection. The host-basedand network-based intrusion detection monitors that webuilt have participated in various evaluations and experi-ments, confirming their detection capabilities and generalapplicability. We conclude that EMERALD’s expert-system

approach to misuse detection is well suited for the complexevent analysis needed for wide attack coverage and near-zerofalse alarm rates.

Descriptors: *Expert systems; *Intrusion detectors; Anomalies;Detection; Networks; Real time; Traffic; Interception; Attack;Rates; False alarms; Standardization; Engines; International;Area coverage; Intrusion detection ; Auditing; Beryl; Gems(-Minerals)

Identifiers: NTISDODXASection Headings: 62B (Computers, Control, and Information

Theory–Computer Software); 63F (Detection and Counter-measures–Optical Detection) ?


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