“A Study to Improve Performance Efficiency of Solar Power Applications by PWM with MPPT

charge controller”

Presented by :Amruth.R.T.Research ScholarReg. No. 161011189Asst.Prof, Dept. of EEE, NIEIT,Mysore Indiaamruth.rt@gmail.com

Under the Guidance of :Dr. B.J. RanganathDean academic EIT, Ummathoor,1412,K.M.PuramMysore,-570004, Indiabjranganath516@gamil.com

Year 2014

CONTENTS

AbstractIntroductionMaterials for PV solar cells MethodologyResults AnalysisConclusionReference

ABSTRACT The present trend in the requirements of solar

power generation concentrates on Manufacturing of high efficiency PV cells with high

efficiency Utilization with lower power losses to obtain a stable

voltage from an input supply (PV cells). Stable Voltage with minimum ripple factor of DC-DC

converter.

The usage of thin film technologies like cadmium telluride, copper-indium-gallium-di-selenide (CIGS)

Evolving to reduce the costs of the solar electricity system with higher efficiency.

This paper deals with The analysis of material used for the construction

of photovoltaic cells and new technology of four-junction solar cell contribution in terms of efficiency

For optimizing the usage of power with the design

of proposed DC/DC buck-boost converter based PWM with MPPT charge controller compared to Linear Charge controller and MPPT charge controller.

Artificial Neural Network technique is used for

evaluating, optimizing and predicting solar charge controller for different working condition.

Thin film is the preferred generic description for the field of micro-electronics in which conductive, resistive, and/or insulating films are deposited or sputtered on a ceramic or other insulating substrate.

The term “thin film” is derived from the fact that the deposited films are of the order of 2-5 micrometers in thickness compared with the 10 to 50 micrometers for thick film

Thin film areas include substrate patterning, bump metallurgy, thin film filters and coatings for fiber optic telecommunication systems, medical implants and wear protection, cutting tools solar PV cells, thin film fuel cells and batteries etc.

Thin film technology is also closely linked with nanotechnology, which is becoming one of the main areas in the new-generation manufacturing and precision engineering industries

INTRODUCTION

To extract the maximum power from solar panel, power has to be operate at its Maximum Power Point.

Operating the panel at any other point amounts to under utilization of the PV power available and thus inefficient use of expensive PV power unit.

Tracking the MPP of a PV panel (DC source) is called the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).

MPPT and ensuring that the panel operates at this MPP helps maximum utilization of the installed PV capacity.

The PV power extracted can be used:To directly power a DC loadTo be converted to AC using an inverter to drive an AC loadTo charge an energy storage device (battery, super capacitor

etc.) enabling the power

Introduction contd..

In this study the concept of DC/DC buck-boost converter is considered to

build the PWM with MPPT charge controller to achieve a better efficiency

Battery protection along with the performance analysis of PWM with MPPT charge controller compare to existing linear charge controller and MPPT charge controller.

MATERIALS FOR PV SOLAR CELLS

There are three main types of commercially available PV cells viz.

1. Mono crystalline silicon PV2. Polycrystalline silicon PV3. Thin film amorphous silicon PV

Thin Film Solar Cells are usually categorized according to the photovoltaic material used. The following categories exist

A. Copper Indium Diselenide (CIS)B. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)C. Gallium Arsenide (CIGS)D. Amorphous silicon (a-Si)

E. Advanced four junction solar sub cell

Four junction solar sub cells are used in concentrator photo voltaic (CPV), a technology which achieves more than twice the efficiency of conventional PV power plants in sun-rich locations.

The terrestrial use of III-V type multi junction solar cells, which originally came from space technology, has prevailed to realize highest efficiencies for the conversion of sunlight to electricity.

In this multi junction solar cell, several cells made out of different III-V semiconductor

METHODOLOGY Here the focus is on introducing the advance technique and

methodologies of harvesting, charging, protecting the batteries from a PV panel using a High Efficiency enabled Solar charge controller and in addition to that the complete system is evaluated and analyzed periodically.

The different charge Controllers are:Linear Charge ControllerMPPT Charge Controller PWM+MPPT Charge Controller

The basic schematic structure of the proposed buck-boost converter, and the two operation states switch on and switch off, and also the buck-boost converter current and voltage waveforms operating in CCM are shown next.

Block diagram of the PWM with MPPT charge controller reference system

Fig.1 Block diagram of the PWM with MPPT charge controller reference system

PWM+MPPT Charge Controller board

Fig.2. PWM+MPPT Charge Controller board.

Experimental setup for performance analysis of solar charge controllers

A. Two Solar panels of 5W,each,

B. Solar charge controller of designed rating,

C. Battery of 12V, 5AH, D. DC/AC lighting load,E. Clip on meter

Fig.3. Experimental setup

Software Development• The Keil µvision Integrated Development Environment has been used to develop the algorithm for the different peripherals such as ADC, PWM, USART, timers along with MPPT algorithm.

• The application software developed for the PWM with MPPT charge controller reference design has the following functions to perform

• This application software controls the load and charges the battery

• The main functionality of this software always tracks the MPP and lead-acid battery charging layers at an appropriate time as required. This application manages the safety check of the system

• It also indicates the status of the charge controller

• Logs the relevant data into flash memory for further action.

RESULTS ANALYSISAnalysis of Data The experimental setup is connected and conducted using poly

crystalline silicon PV panel and the experiment for different charge controller under study such as

Linear Charge Controller, MPPT buck topology based Charge Controller and Proposed Buck-Boost based PWM with MPPT Solar Charge

Controller with respect to time (hr) for number of Days in a month, number of months in for a whole year under study.• The experimental data generated for each charge controller

consists of input parameters such as Solar Insolation (W/m2), Solar PV voltage, Solar PV current, Solar PV power, Battery voltage, Battery current, Battery Power and output parameters such as efficiency, voltage loss, current loss, power loss. With the experimental setup using Linear Charge Controller the datas for the month of January is generated and it continues for six months and for one year.

Individual Graphical Analysis of PWM with MPPT Solar Charge Controller

Fig 4. Average plot of Efficiency in % versus Months Jan to June year of PWM MPPT Charge controller

Fig.5.Average plot of Voltage Loss in V versus Months Jan to June year of PWM MPPT Charge controller.

Fig.6.Average plot of Current Loss in mA versus Months Jan to June year of PWM MPPT Charge controller

Fig.7.Average plot of Power Loss in mW versus Months Jan to June year of PWM MPPT Charge controller.

Comparative Analysis of Charge Controllers

Fig.8.Average Efficiency in % Comparison Graph for LCC, MPPT, PWM MPPT from Jan to June year

Fig.9.Average Voltage Loss in V Comparison Graph for LCC, MPPT, PWM MPPT from Jan to June year

Fig.10.Average Current Loss in mA Comparison Graph forLCC, MPPT, PWM MPPT from Jan to June year

Fig.11.Average Current Loss in mA Comparison Graph for LCC, MPPT, PWM MPPT from Jan to June year

Analysis of Charge Controllers by ANN TechniqueFig. 14. 7-6-4 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP).ANN network analysis diagram of PWM with MPPT Charge Controller.

Fig. 12. 7-6-4 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP).ANN network analysis diagram of PWM with MPPT Charge Controller.

Fig.13. Relative Importance Graph of PWM with MPPT Charge Controller

Fig.14. Relative Sensitivity Graph of PWM with MPPT Charge Controller

Fig.15. Relative Error Graph of PWM with MPPT Charge Controller.

CONCLUSION

1.In the proposed PWM with MPPT Solar Charge Controller, investigations are made to find the concept of buck-boost converter to extract the Maximum Power from solar panel during different weather condition and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique to achieve constant voltage battery charging and protecting the battery from over current, short circuit by switching the solar system controller’s power device.2.The proposed PWM with MPPT solar charge controller will improve the overall performance efficiency by 10% to 21% poly silicon material, minimizes the voltages loss by 0.91 to 1.4 volts, current loss by 30.55mA to 83.2mA and power loss by 33.9mW to 136.66mW compared to existing two types of charge controllers leading to a higher efficiency in power generation by the solar system to meet the high demand rate.

3. Further improvement of efficiency of around 20% to 40% can be achieved by the use of four junction solar sub cell with the proposed PWM with MPPT solar charge controller and CIGS and other film technology coatings.

1. Dr. B. J. Ranganath, & Mr. Amruth.R.T(May-2013.); The Role of Microcontroller Based Voltage Converter Controller System for Solar Power Application paper published National Conference on Recent Trends in Electrical Engg,. Sri Krishna Institute Of Technology, Bangalore.2. Dr. B. J. Ranganath, & Mr. Amruth.R.T; Analysis of Semiconductor Material used In Solar PV Cell for Optimum generation of Solar Power in Domestic Sector paper published 15th ISTE Karnataka State Faculty Convention ,East West Institute Of Technology, Bangalore,Dec-20123. Dr. B. J. Ranganath, & Mr. Amruth.R.T; Optimum Utilization of Solar Power for Multiple Applications in Domestic Sector paper published Electrical India Magazine, Mumbai,Dec-2012.4. Dr. B. J. Ranganath, & Mr. Amruth.R.T (July-2013), “Design of DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter Charge Controller for Solar Power Applications” International Global Research Multi subject Journal, ISSN: 22777-8160, vol. 2, Issue no.7, pp.63-65.

REFERENCES

5. Dr. B. J. Ranganath, & Mr. Amruth.R.T(Nov-2013); “Design Characteristic and Performance Evaluation of DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter Based PWM with MPPT Solar Charge Controller for Bulk Solar Power Applications”, paper published National Conference on Advances in engg. and technology, Ekalavya Institute Of Technology, Ummathur.