NSF Particle Physics & Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics Programs Fermilab Users’ Meeting 31 May – 01 June, 2006 R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher, M. Pripstein,

NSF Particle Physics & Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics

Programs

Fermilab Users’ Meeting31 May – 01 June, 2006

R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher, M. Pripstein, R. Ruchti, J. Stone

J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006 2

Outline

• Program description, overview• Budgets & funding• Award types• US LHC operations support• Deep Underground Science and

Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL)• ILC• Closing remarks

Note: throughout this talk, EPP = Experimental Particle Physics,

PNA = Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics


NSF Act of 1950

• “To promote the progress of science…”

• NSB (24) and 1 Director, appointed by the President

• Encourage & develop a national policy for the promotion of basic research and education in math, physical, medical, biological, engineering and other sciences

• Initiate & support basic scientific research in the sciences

• Provide information for science and engineering policy development


Broader Impacts, Added Value, Partnerships

OISE/OCI/OPP

OISE = Office of International Science/Eng, OPP = Office of Polar Programs,OCI = Office of CyberInfrastructure

NSF Organizational Structure

MPS


• Discovery potential never greater – new chapter• LHC will dominate accelerator-based HEP in the near

future, many US projects phasing out• Next generation frontier accelerator requires

multibillion $ investment and international cooperation

• Vision is emerging, but is not yet totally clear (EPP 2010, HEPAP, subpanels)

• Intellectual breadth of NSF program reaches beyond energy frontier, and accelerators in general

• NSF supports ~10% of US program, ~40% of university activities

• DOE is primary steward of national accelerator complex and will lead the ILC campaign

• NSF will increase investment to broaden field, e.g. DUSEL, while supporting university groups across frontiers

Particle Physics in Transition


NSF FY07 Priorities

• From Feb 06 talk by M. Turner on FY07 Rollout:– Advancing the Frontier (grant support)– Facility Stewardship, Instrumentation and

CyberInfrastructure– Broadening Participation– Education and Workforce Development

$15M increase for EPP in FY07

budget request


Advancing the Frontier

• Elementary Particle Physics (EPP), fundamental research across

– the energy frontier – the attempt to discover new fundamental particles and laws of physics by studying collisions at the highest energies achievable with current and future accelerators;

– the neutrino frontier – exploration of the properties of the neutrino, a particle now known to carry mass and believed to be fundamental to understanding the developing universe; and

– the cosmic frontier – the study of dark matter and dark energy.

• Physics of the universe (POU), a set of activities carried out in partnership with DOE and NASA for exploring

– the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy; – the earliest phases in development of the universe; – the fundamental nature of time, matter and space; and – the role of gravitation.


Overall EPP/PNA Goals

• Empowering university-based investigators

• Adding value:– Partnerships

• Building interdisciplinary collaboration• Increasingly relevant as scope of EPP/PNA

broaden

– Broadening Participation• Single investigators• Non-traditional, under-represented participants• Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUIs)

– Education and Outreach Activities– Above are among criteria for proposal

review


EPP/PNA Portfolio

• University Program– Accelerator- and non-accelerator based physics– Computational physics

• CESR• LHC Construction and Operations• DUSEL• Accelerator and Detector R&D (APPI)

– ILC-related, and other, support

• Coordination with related disciplines, groups• Partnerships• PNA plays central role in funding a number

of projects:– HiRes, Veritas, Auger, CDMS, Xenon, WARP,

PICASSO, DRIFT, Milagro, QUIET, STACEE,…


MPS by Division

FY 2004 Actuals

FY 2005 Actuals

Change from

04 to 05

FY 2006 Current

Plan

Change from

05 to 06FY 2007 Request

Change from

06 to 07AST 196.63 195.11 -0.8% 199.65 2.3% 215.11 7.7%CHE 185.12 179.26 -3.2% 180.78 0.8% 191.10 5.7%DMR 250.65 240.09 -4.2% 242.91 1.2% 257.45 6.0%DMS 200.35 200.24 -0.1% 199.30 -0.5% 205.74 3.2%PHY 227.77 224.86 -1.3% 233.13 3.7% 248.50 6.6%OMA 31.07 29.80 -4.1% 29.68 -0.4% 32.40 9.2%Total, MPS 1,091.59 1,069.36 -2.0% 1085.45 1.5% 1150.30 6.0%

R&RA 4293.34 4234.82 -1.4% 4,331.48 2.3% 4,665.95 7.7%

NSF 5652.01 5480.78 -3.0% 5,581.17 1.8% 6,020.21 7.9%

(Dollars in Millions)

MPS = Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences


10-Year Funding HistoryMPS Subactivity Funding

(Dollars in Millions)

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07

AST CHE DMR DMS PHY OMA


Base and Allied Funding:

EPP, PNA, TheoryFY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06

BaseAccel Based 42.31 48.17 51.09 48.75 51.60PA/NA/DUSEL 9.05 11.07 12.68 14.69 15.98EP-Astro Theory 10.84 12.06 9.23 10.05 10.63Total Base 62.2 71.93 73 73.5 78.22

Allied FundingPFC 4 4 7 7ITR/OCI/T2C 6 6.3 6.5 5.65MRI 3.2 1.7 0 0.75ESIE 0.7 0.7 0.29 0.55PIF 2.35Total Allied 13.9 12.7 13.79 13.95

MREFCLHC construction 16.9 9.69IceCube 15 24.54 41.75 47.62 49.85


Base Detail: EPP, PNA, Theory

Base ($M) 2004 2005 2006

EPP $19.75 $18.19 $19.91CESR $18.00 $16.62 $14.56LHC ops $7.00 $10.51 $13.37RSVP closeout $6.00 $2.65 $0.99Subtotal $50.75 $47.97 $48.83

Accel (APPI) $0.34 $0.78 $2.77

PA $10.21 $11.07 $12.40NA $1.86 $2.35 $2.33Underground $0.62 $1.27 $1.26Subtotal $12.68 $14.69 $15.98

EPP Thy 8.70 9.11 9.61Ast/Cosm Thy 0.53 0.95 1.03Subtotal 9.23 10.05 10.63

Total $73.0 $73.5 $78.22


Funding History

EPP, PNA, Theory Funding by Fiscal Year

$0

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

$15,000,000

$20,000,000

$25,000,000

$30,000,000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Fiscal Year

Fu

nd

ing

Lev

el

Univ Program

CESR

LHC OPs

LHC Constr

Accel (APPI)

RSVP closeout

PNA+DUSEL

Theory


Distribution of Accelerator-Based University Group

Funding (FY05)

Tevatron 5,319

LHC 5,697

Neutrino 2,128

DESY/CERN 1,368

BNL/TJNAL 1,230

CLEO (not Cornell) 1,474

SLAC 504

TOTAL 17,720


Base-funded FTEs (FY05)


Partnerships

• Cyberscience– Tier 2 centers for LHC data analysis – with OCI– UltraLight – with OCI– Trillium/Open Science Grid (OSG) – with OCI

and DOE

• Education with research– QuarkNet – OMA, EHR and DOE/HEP– CHEPREO – with OMA, OCI, EHR, OISE– I2U2 – with OMA, EHR, PHY – Mariachi – OCI funded– CyberBridges – OCI funded

OCI = Office of CyberInfrastructure, OMA = Office of Multidisciplinary Activities, EHR = Education and Human Resources, OISE = Office of

International Science and Engineering


Larger Award Types

• MREFC: Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction – Awards for projects which exceed a minimum of

$100M over the project life. Involves the National Science Board (NSB) directly. Timing depends upon Division, Directorate & NSF priority, project readiness, etc.

– DUSEL, LIGO, LHC Construction, CLEO, IceCube

• MRI: Major Research Infrastructure – Awards for developing university scientific

infrastructure. Proposal deadline is late January of a given year.

– Two award maxima, by type ($800k, $2M)– Portions of the DØ Upgrade, MICE electronics

development


Coming New NSF Initiative

• Mid-Scale Instrumentation– In the planning phase

•An Opportunity

– Intermediate between MRI and MREFC•>$2M, <$100M

– 5 year time frame– Various possibilities

•An experiment•Upgrades•Accelerator, Detector R&D, …•Equipment


New York Times : “To users [at Universities], thousands of computers and millions of gigabytes of data will look like one single computing engine of unprecedented power.”

University

University Regional Tier 2 Center

LHC GRID Computing Tier StructureLHC GRID Computing Tier Structure

PCs

NSF


QuarkNet will involve 100,000 students from 600 US high schools

“I saw the teachers change to teacher/apprentice scientists and this changed how they are viewed by their students.”


NSF Funding of US LHC

• Highest Priority of EPP 2010 Report (NRC, May 2006) is to “Fully exploit opportunities afforded by…LHC.”

• Earlier this month, the NSF National Science Board approved the grant proposals for the full amount requested - $87M over 5 years, beginning in FY07 - for US LHC ATLAS and CMS Detector Operations


EPP 2010 on Diversity

“Particle physics, like all of other elements of the scientific enterprise, explores the unknown, and this inevitably

requires shouldering some uncertainty. Thus, it is important to maintain a diverse and comprehensive portfolio of

research activities – from theory to accelerator R&D to the construction of new experimental facilities to efforts to

probe entirely new areas.”

From Findings and Recommendations: “In particular, it is important to recall the strategic necessity of mounting, regardless of budgetary constraints, a comprehensive

program that reflects a diversity of scientific opportunities and approaches to the scientific challenges facing particle physics. Under no circumstances, therefore, should the committee’s top two or three priorities be permitted to

exhaust the entire available budget. Indeed, in the most pessimistic budget scenario…the level of resources invested in the priorities outlined below would need to be modified, but the need for pursuing a diversified research portfolio

would be unchanged.”


Ground TruthFrontier Science and Engineering Deep

Underground

Neutrino pictureof the Sun

Geo-microbesWhy deep?

Creating large stopes:size of cavity vs depth Undergraduates in

South Africa mineLarge Block Geo Experiment

Coupled Processes


DUSEL Overview

• Broad, rich, multidisciplinary scientific program– Biology, Engineering, Geosciences, Physics

• Intrinsically strong program for education, outreach • Excellent match to NSF mission• Offers opportunity for growth, diversity during

difficult time in particle physics, other disciplines• Many new and unique challenges:

– Multi-purpose national laboratory that will serve variety of scientific communities over many decades

– New collaborations with other disciplines, organizations

• Laboratory infrastructure responsibility of NSF, experiments will be joint DOE/NSF (+ foreign) initiatives

• Collaborative approach being sought with DOE from outset


Henderson DUSELHenderson DUSELUnearthing the Secrets of the Universe, UndergroundUnearthing the Secrets of the Universe, Underground

Chang Kee JungChang Kee JungStony Brook University Stony Brook University

P5 MeetingP5 MeetingFermilab, April 18, 2006Fermilab, April 18, 2006

http://nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/husep/

http://nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/husep/



DUSEL Status

• Two sites currently under consideration:– Henderson Mine, Empire, CO (near Denver)

• PI: Chang-Kee Jung, SUNY Stony Brook

– Homestake Mine, Lead, SD (near Rapid City)• PI: Kevin Lesko, LBL

• Conceptual Design Reports will be submitted 23 June 2006

• Down-select to single site targeted for summer 2006

• Site-specific technical design follows• Process could lead to funding start in FY09• DUSEL #1 priority for next new project start

in Physics Division


Bahcall report (2001): NSF-DOE sponsored ad hoc committee of scientists strongly recommended that Homestake Mine

NSAC Long-Range Plan (2002): Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory to enable some aspects of nuclear research, e.g., double beta decay.

NESS 2002: An NSF sponsored conference on Underground Science showcases the wide variety of science that would be enabled with an underground laboratory.

Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos (2003): Known as Turner Report, NRC panel recommended development of an underground laboratory to enable a number of fundamental science experiments.

HEPAP Long-Range Plan (2003): Supported development of an underground laboratory to enable some aspects of high energy research, e.g., long baseline neutrino detector and proton decay

Neutrinos and Beyond (2003): Known as Barish Report, OSTP charged NRC panel emphasized neutrino physics, much of which requires an underground laboratory; placed in international context.

EarthLab 2003: An NSF sponsored report of the GeoSciences and GeoEngineering opportunities that would be enabled by an underground laboratory.

Physics of the Universe—A Strategic Plan for Federal Research at the Intersection of Physics and Astronomy (NSTC) 2004: Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory for science and engineering

Quantum Universe—The Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics, 2004: NSF-DOE HEPAP Sub Panel report identifies key science drivers and indicates need for DUSEL to address key questions

A lot more activities: NuSAG (HEPAP, NSAC, AAAS sub panel), Dark Matter sub panel, EPP2010…

DUSEL Community Planning Activities


A Sampling of the DUSEL Scientific Program

• Multidisciplinary, diverse suite of experiments:• Life at Depth

– Study of subsurface biosphere– Isolated underground life forms– Life forms at high temperature, pressure, associated

genomic features

• Fluid flow and transport at depth– Applications include stability of water supplies, hazardous

waste disposal, remediation of contaminated groundwater

• Rock formation at depth– Seismic transmission, rock mechanics, etc.

• Mineral resources and environmental geochemistry• Very low level counting facility, experiments

– Homeland security


DUSEL Scientific Program

• Science, technology and engineering innovation– Novel microorganisms, analytic techniques for

geomicrobiology, drilling and excavation technology, environmental remediation, subsurface imaging, …

– Creating pure crystals without cosmic ray induced “impurities”

– Creating very large stopes• Neutrino physics

– Neutrino-less double beta decay– Solar neutrinos– Other neutrino mixing angles, CP violation– Nuclear astrophysics

• Dark matter searches• Matter stability

– Proton decay• Supernovae neutrino observations


DUSEL R&D in FY07

• The NSF Physics Division is preparing to allocate up to $6M for DUSEL in FY07, which will target:– Site-non-specific, DUSEL-related detector R&D

• Competitive evaluation of proposals

– Site-specific technical design after the down-select in summer

– Funding level assumes allocations are commensurate with the FY07 request

• NSF Geomechanics & Geotechnical Systems Program (Engineering Directorate) encouraging submission of R&D proposals for DUSEL-related design, construction and research in FY07


Candidate DUSEL R&D Projects in Physics

• Dark Matter Detection • Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay • Nuclear Astrophysics (accelerator

based cross-section measurements)• Geoneutrinos• Solar and Supernovae Neutrinos• Low Background Counting Facilities

(LBCF) and Common Infrastructure• Long Baseline Neutrinos and Proton

Decay: “Megaton” Detectors


International Linear Collider

• NSF support of ILC in FY05 ~ $0.75M in FY05 – University research in detector and

accelerator development ($0.25M)• University support is partnership with DOE

– Support of GDE personnel & activities ($0.5M)

• Support for each was doubled in FY06, total $1.5M

• Physics Division is in process of understanding the most effective means of utilizing NSF strengths to support ILC


Excerpts from report from Jan 2006 COV review of Physics Division:

“…panels are asked to prioritize proposals for different budget scenarios. This is a key aspect of the… process since it requires the review committee to deal with the hard choices that the Program Officers face.

We particularly commend the EPP program officers for… proactive management of the portfolio, which has kept it lean and competitive.

…this is absolutely necessary in order to carve out room in the budget to fund young faculty and start new projects.

We also commend the EPP program officers for their creative interactions with other NSF programs and Divisions.

We encourage the continuation of this fresh and innovative thinking, and support their efforts to implement new approaches to scientific management.

We also note the relatively low value of funded MRI proposals in EPP during past two years…”

WE GET REVIEWED, WE LISTEN

Committee of Visitors (COV)


Closing Remarks

• Scientific opportunities as promising as ever

• Diverse array of exciting, fundamental questions to be answered

• NSF will continue to try to maintain a properly balanced portfolio as we rise to meet this challenge

• Commitment to university program is a cornerstone of this process

• “We respond to proposals”


Additional Slides


DUSEL Depth


Underground Laboratory Depth vs. Volume

DUSEL

Proposed

DUSEL

2007-2012 SD support


2560 km

FNALBNL

1315 km1500 km

2760 km

Homestake

Henderson

Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations

Measure , CP and sign of m


Large Underground Cavities

Uncharted T

errito

ry

Documents

NSF Particle Physics & Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics Programs Fermilab Users’ Meeting 31 May – 01 June, 2006 R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher, M. Pripstein,