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jhAkhdtu; jpUg;ghly;fspy; ‘kdk;’

nry;tp nry;tFkhhp rptypq;fk;

Ntjhuzpak; vd toq;fg;gLk; jpUkiwf;fhl;by; irt Ntshsh; kugpy; Nfbypag;gg;gps;is nf[ty;yp mk;ikahh; Mfpa ngw;NwhUf;F kfthf mtjhpj;j jhAkhdt Rthkpfs; vd;gthpdhy; ghlg;gl;l ghly;fspd; njhFjpf;F jhAkhdtRthkpfs; jpUg;ghly;fs; vd;W ngah;. ,g;ghly;fs; 17Mk;> 18Mk; E}w;whz;LfSf;fpilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. Ik;gj;jhW jiyg;Gfspy; mike;j ,tuJ ghly;fis mfty;> tz;zk;> fz;zp vd tifg;gLj;Jth;. cs;sk;> neQ;R> ,jak;> Mj;kh> khahfhhpak; vd kdij miof;Fk; jhAkhdth;> Nrhf;ul;b];> gpNsl;Nlh> mhp];Nuhl;by;> mdr;rNfhu];> nyhf; Nlf;fhl;> fhd;l;> tpy;ypak; N[k;];> fpA+k;> fpy;Ngl; iuapy; Nghd;w cstpayhsh;fspd; csk; gw;wpa rpe;jidfSf;F cld;ghlhd tifapYk;> vjph;kiwahd tifapYk; jk; rpe;jidfis Kd;itj;Js;shh;. kdjpidg; nghpanjhU khahjj;Jtkhff; fUjp kdpj elj;ijf;Fg; gpd;Gwk; kdk; vd;w tifapy; kdij mZFfpd;whh;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy>; jhAkhdth; ghly;fspy; kdk; gw;wpanjhU tpkh;rd Nehf;fhf ,t;tha;T mikfpd;wJ. tpsf;fr; nrhw;fs;: jhAkhdth; jpUg;ghly;fs;> cs;sk;> Mj;kh> elj;ij. mwpKfk;: jhAkhdth; jpUg;ghly;fis> 01 Kjy; 39 tiuAs;s ghly;fs; 587 40 Kjy; 59 tiuAs;s fz;zpfs; 833 54 Mde;jf;fspg;G 30 55> 56 mfty; tz;zk; 02 (nkhj;jg; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1452)vd tifg;gLj;Jth;. Ik;gj;jhW jiyg;Gfspy; ,g;ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd. mit tUkhW:

jpUtUs;tpyhrg; gurpt tzf;fk;> ghpG+uzhde;jk;> nghUs; tzf;;fk;> rpd;kahde;jFU> nksdFU tzf;fk;> fUzhfuf;flTs;> rpj;jh;fzk;> Mde;jguk;> Rfthhp> vq;Fk; epiwfpd;w nghUs;> rr;rpjhde;j rptk;> NjNrhkahde;jk;> rpw;RNfhjatpyhrk;> MfhuGtdk; - rpjk;guufrpak;> Njd;Kfk;> gd;khiy> epidnthd;W> nghd;id khjiu> Muzk;> nrhy;yw;fhpa> tk;gNdd;> rptd; nray;> jd;idnahUth;> MirnaDk;> vdf;nfdr; nray;> kz;lyj;jpd;> ghag;Gyp> cly; ngha;AwT> Vrw;w me;epiy> fhLq;fiuAk;> vLj;j Njfk;> Kfnkyhk;> jplKwNt> Mf;Fit> fw;GWrpe;ij> kiytsh; fhjyp> mfpyhz;l ehafp> nghpa ehafp> je;ij jha;> ngw;wtl;Nf> fy;yhypd;> guhguf;fz;zp> igq;fpspf;fz;zp> ve;ehl;fz;zp> fhz;NgNzh vd; fz;zp> MfhNjh vd;fz;zp> ,y;iyNah vd; fz;zp> Ntz;lhNth vd; fz;zp> ey;ywpNt vd; fz;zp> epd;w epiy> ghLfpd;w gDty;> Mde;jf;fspg;G> mfty;> tz;zk; vd Ik;gj;jhW jiyg;Gfspy; mike;Js;sd. ,g;ghlw; jiyg;Gfspy;>

NjNrhkahde;jk;> MfhuGtdk;> gd;khiy> nghd;id khjiu> Muzk;> tk;gNdd;> jd;idnahUth;> MirnaDk;> vdf;nfdr; nray;> kz;lyj;jpd;> ghag;Gyp> cly; ngha;AwT> Vrw;w me;epiy> fhLq;fiuAk;> fy;yhypd;> guhguf;fz;zp> igq;fpspf; fz;zp> ve;ehl;fz;zp> MfhNjh vd; fz;zp> gytiff;fz;zp> Mde;jf;fspg;G Mfpa ghlw;gFjpfs; Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. kdk;:

kdjpid cs;sk;> Mtp> ,jak;> caph; Nghd;w ,ju nkhopfshYk; miog;gh;. ‘kdk;’ ghh;f;fpd;w> fw;gid nra;fpd;;w Fzq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Nrhf;ul;b];> gpNsl;Nlh> mhp];Nuhl;by;> rpf;kd; gpuha;L> nyhf;> fhd;l;;> tpy;ypak; N[k;];>Nlf;fhl;> fpA+k; MfpNahh; kdk; gw;wp Muha;e;jth;fSs; Kjd;ikahdth;fs;. ,th;fs;

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xt;nthUtUk; kdk; gw;wp ntt;NtW tpjkhd fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;Js;sdh;. mit tUkhW:

gpNsl;Nlh:

kdk; rlky;yhj t];J vdf; $wpaJld>; mjd; nraw;ghl;bid %d;W tifahfg; gphpj;Jf;fhl;bdhh;. epahak; Md;khtpd nja;tPfk; rhh;e;j gFjp tpUg;G tapW czh;T khh;G

tapWk;> khh;Gk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;GilaJ Nghyf; fhzg;gbDk; NtWghLilaJ vd;gJ gpNsl;Nlhtpd; fUj;jhFk;. Nlf;ffhl;:

kdk; rlky;yhj t];J vdf; $wpdhh;. (,tuJ Nfhl;ghL kd t];Jf; Nfhl;ghL vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ) (mind is a non materialsubstance) kdk;> rlk;; vd;gd ,U nghUl;fs; vd;gJ ,tuJ fUj;jhFk;. ehd; rpe;jpf;fpd;Nwd;> Mjyhy; ehd; cs;Nsd; vd;w $w;wpd; top kdjpd; ,Ug;gpid epWtpaJld; kdk; rlky;yhj t];J> rpe;jpf;Fk; ,ay;GilaJ> czh;jy;> tpUk;Gjy;. Qhgfg;gLj;jy;> jPh;khdpj;jy;. IaKWjy;> Ghpe;J nfhs;sy; Mfpa ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;lJld; flTs; jtph;e;j NtW ve;j tifapYk; kdjpid mopf;f KbahJ vdf; $wpdhh;. ‘MwwptJ mtw;nwhL kdNd’ vd;gJ njhy;fhg;gpak;. mhp];Nuhl;by;:

kdk; xU t];J vdf; $wpaJld; kdjpw;Fk;> clypw;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlh;G cz;L vdf; $Wfpd;whh;;. kdpjdpd; KOKjw; nrayhf;fj;jpw;F mjpAah;e;j juj;jpyhd rf;jpahf kdk; mikfpd;wJ. mjhtJ> xOq;FgLj;Jk; (organizing) jj;Jtkhf mikfpd;wJ vdf; $wpdhh;. fhd;l;:

kdk; vd;gJ xU t];jy;y vd;gJ ,tuJ fUj;jhFk;. fpA+k;:

kdk; vd;gJ mDgtq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifahFk; vd;gJ ,tuJ fUj;jhFk;. (Mind is a bundle of experienceor collection of perceptions) tpy;ypak; N[k;];:

kdk; czh;Tfspd; Xl;lf; Nfhl;ghL vd;gJ ,tuJ fUj;jhFk;.(Stream of

consciousness theory). fpy;Ngl;iwapy;:

kdk; elj;ijapd; tbtk; vdf; $wpdhu;. (Mind is aformof

behavior)%isiaj; jtpu Md;kh> kdk; vd xd;wpy;iy vd;w fUj;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jpa nka;apaypYk; kdk; Kjd;ik ngWfpd;wJ. irt rpj;jhe;jk;

kdjpid mwpjYf;Fhpa nghUshff; $wp> mjd; nraw;ghl;bid ehd;F tifahff; $Wfpd;wJ mit tUkhW:

01. kdk;

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02. Gj;jp 03. rpj;jk;; 04. mfq;fhuk;

Ntjhe;jpfs; kdjpid mwpitj; jUk; me;jf;fuzkhff; $Wfpd;wdh;. jhAkhdth; jpUg;ghly;fspy; kdk;:

kdk;> kdjpd; nraw;ghLfs;> kdk; mlq;Ftjw;Fhpa topfs;> kdk; - khia vd;gdtw;Wf;fpilNaahd njhlh;Gfs;> kdjpd; ,opepiy> kdjpd; nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; gpwg;gpwg;gpw;FkpilNaahd njhlh;Gfs; gw;wpj; jhAkhdth; jk; ghly;fspy; kpfj; njspthff; $Wfpd;whh;. jhAkhdth; kdij cs;sk;> Mj;kh> neQ;R> ,jak;> rpe;ij vd NtW ngah;fspdhy; Rl;Lfpd;whh;. kdjpd; nraw;ghLfs;> eltbf;iffs; vd;gdtw;wpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kdjpw;F Nky;tUk; milnkhopfisf; nfhLf;fpd;whh;. mit tUkhW:

ghohd kdk;> mwptpyp kdk;> %l kdk;;> khiaapd; nrayhd kdk>; kukdk;> gk;gukdk;> tQ;r kdk;> Fuq;F kdk;> khidg; Nghd;w kdk;> fy;kdk;> ,opthd kdk;> fs;s kdk;> mUl;ld;ik kdk;. kUl;ld;ik kdk;> khidg; Nghd;w kdk;> ePh;f;Fkpop kdk;> tQ;r kdk;; vd;gd. ghohd kdk; vd;gjid>

“ghohd vd;kdk; FtpanthU je;jpuk; gz;Zt” (gupg+uzhde;jk;: 12)

vd;Wk;> GOitg; Nghd;W nfhbaJ kdk; vd;gjid>

“gw;WntF tpjkhfp xd;iwtpl; nlhd;widq; gw;wpAoy; fpUkpNghyg; gho;Q;rpe;ij……”

(nksd FUtzf;fk;: 46) vd;Wk;> kdjpd; gopg;Giu vd;w ghlw; njhFjpapy;> Md;khtpd; kdk; %lkdk; vd;Wk;> ,iwtdpd; kdk; mUs; kdk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“jhahd fUizAk; cdf;Fz; nldf;fpdpr; rQ;ryk; nfltUs;nraha;”

(rr;rpjhde;j rptk;: 107) vd;Wk;> kdk; xU Fuq;F vd;gjid>

“kWfpr; RoYk; kdf; Fuq;F” (MirnaDk;: 334)

vd;Wk;> “fhLk; fiuAk; kdf;Fuq;F”

(fhLk; fiuAk;: 553) vd;Wk;> vy;yhj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; fhuzkhd kdkhdJ Nga;f; Fuq;F vd;gjid>

“nfhs;spj;Njs; nfhl;bf; Fjpf;fpd;wNga;f;; Fuq;fha;f;

fs;skdk; Js;Stnjd; fz;Nlh guhguNk!” (guhguf;fz;zp: 807)

vd;Wk;> “Fzkpyh kdnkDk; Nga;f; Fuq;fpd; gpd;Nd khwhj ftiyAld; Roy vd;id itj;jidNa”

(fy;yhypd;: 609) vd;Wk;> fhw;whb Nghd;wJ kdk; vd;gjid>

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“MLq;fwq; fhfp myke; Jod;Wkdk; thLnkid IaheP thvdTk; fhz;NgNdh!”

(fhz;NgNdh vd;fz;zp: 1336) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;.

NkYk;>thdj;jpy; gwf;Fk; fhw;whbf;F jd; kdjpid xg;gpl;Lf; fhw;whbapidg; Nghd;W jd; kdk; Rod;W tUe;Jfpd;wJ vd;W $Wfpd;whh;. ,d;DnkhU ghlypy; thyw;wf; fhw;whbf;F kdjpid ctkpj;J> mjd; %ykhf jd; kdk; typaw;Wf; fplf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; mjw;F ,iwtd; mUs;Ghpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;.,f;fUj;jpid>

“thy;mw;w gl;lnkd khah kdg;glyq; fhy;mw;W tPoTk;Kf; fz;Zilaha; fhz;NgNdh” ;

vd;w ghly; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.

kuj;ijg; Nghd;wJ kdk; vd;gjid> “kug;ghd;ik neQ;rpdd;ahd; Ntz;LtNfl;b”

(MirnaDk;: 323)

vd;whh;> typakdk;> ,uf;fkpy;yhj kdk;> kz;zhq;fl;b kdk; vd;gjid>

“jd;ndQ;rk; epidg;nghopahJ mwptpypehd; Qhd -nkDe; jd;ik Ngr …………………… td;ndQ;Nrh ,uq;fhj kuneQ;Nrh ,Uk;G -neQ;Nrh tapukhd fd;ndQ;Nrh myJkz;zhq; fl;bneQ;Nrh -vdJneQ;rk;” fUjpw; whNd”

(MirnaDk;: 325)

vd;Wk;> kdk; miyghAk; jd;ikaJ vd;gjid> “,y;yhj fhhpaj;ij apr;rpj;Jr; rpe;ijtopr;

nry;yhik…………..” (guhguf;fz;zp: 828)

vd;Wk;> “gw;ww; wpUf;Fk;newp gw;wpw; fly;kiyAk; Rw;w epidf;Fkdk; nrhd;Ndd; guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 877) vd;Wk;> “Mir naDk; ngUq;fhw;W} bytk;gQ; nrdTkdk; miyAk; fhyk; …………………………….” (MirnaDk;: 322) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. tQ;r neQ;rk;; vd;gjid>

“Mohop vd;d msTglh tQ;rneQ;rg; …………………”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 1137) vdf;$Wfpd;whh;. kdjpd; ,ay;Gfs;;:

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kdk; Jd;gtag;glf;$baJ> Mirf;Fl;gl;L moptpidj; Njbf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ikaJ> jPa nray;fisr; nra;aty;yJ. mlf;fkw;wJ> ahd; vdJ vDk; gw;WilaJ> Ik;Gyd;top nry;yty;yJ> ,uf;fkw;wJ> Fwpf;Nfhs; ,y;yhjJ> jhd; epidj;jhw; Nghy; Ntnwhd;wpidg; gw;wpAoYk; jd;ikaJ> mwpahikAilaJ> tQ;rKilaJ> ,opthdJ> tQ;rk;;> ngha; vd;gdtw;wpid kdjpw; nfhz;Lj; jLkhWk; ,ay;GilaJ vdj; jhAkhdth; kdjpd; ,ay;Gfs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. kdk; gpwtpia cz;lhf;Ffpd;w nghwp Gyd;fspy; nry;yty;yJ vd;gjid Nky;tUk; ghly; %ykhf mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. mg;ghly; tUkhW: “jtNk jUk;Ik; Gyg;nghwpf; Nfnad; mwpTnghy;yhk; gtNk tpisf;fvd; Nwhntsp khd;vdg; gha;e;jJNt.”

(ghag;Gyp: 410) kdk; Jah; nfhs;sty;yJ vd;gjid>

“vz;zhj njz;zpa neQ;Nr Jah; xop”

(ghay;Gyp: 413) vd;Wk;> kdk; cUFk; ,ay;GilaJ vd;gjid>

“,sf kdk; moypd; nkOfha;” (Rfthhp: 80)

vd;Wk;> kdk; Js;Sk; ,ay;GilaJ vd;gjid>

“Js;Skwp ahkdJ gypnfhLj;Njd; fd;k Jl;lNjtijfs; ,y;iy Jhpaepiw rhe;jNj tijahk; cdf;Nf njhOk;gd; md;g gpNlfePh; cs;Siwapy; vd;Mtp ieNtj;jpak; gpuhzd; Xq;Fkjp J}gjPgk; xUfhyk; md;wpJrjhfhy G+irah xg;Gtpj;Njd; fUiz$h;”

(fUzhfuf; flTs;: 54) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. Js;Skwp ahkdJ vd;w ghlypy;> kdjpid Js;Sfpd;w Ml;bw;F ctkpj;J>kdk; cyfg; nghUl;fisg; gw;Wfpd;wJ vd;Wk;> mjdhy; gpwg;G> ,wg;G vd;gd Vw;gLfpd;wd vd;Wk; $WtJ Fwpg;gplw;ghyJ. kdk; Nkhfk; Kjyhd Fzq;fspy; %o;fty;yJ vd;gjid typAWj;Jk; ghly; tUkhW: “Ntj Kjyha; tpsq;Fk; rpttbthk; Nghj epiyapy; nghUe;jhky; VjkpF Nkhfhjp my;yypNy %o;fpidNa neQ;Nrape; Njfhjp nka;Nah njsp”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 476) fs;sk;> nghwhik Kjyhd Fzq;fspdhy; cs;sk; #og;gl;lJ vd;gjid mwpaj;jUk; ghly; tUkhW:

“tQ;rid mOf;fh whjp itj;jpLk; ghz;l khd neQ;rid typjpd; Nkd;Nky; nef;Fnef; FUfg; gz;zp ……………..”

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(tk;gNdd;: 295) kdk; caph;fSf;F Jd;gj;jpid tpistpf;fty;yJ vd;gjid>

“kdkhd thduf;ifk; khiyM fhky; vidahs; mbfs;mb va;Jk;ehs; ve;ehNsh!”

(ve;ehl;fz;zp: 1146) kdk; vz;Zfpd;w vz;zq;fl;F mstpy;iy vd;gjid gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whh;.

“vz;zhj vz;znky;yhk; vz;zpvz;zpNaio -neQ;rk; Gz;zhfr; nra;jjpdpg; NghJk; guhguNk!”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 670) kdKk; khiaAk;: mwpahikapidAila khiaapd; nraNy kdk; vd;gjid>

…………………… “klk;ngW khia kdNk ,dpapq;F thnksdp”

(ghag;Gyp: 417) vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. kdk; xLq;Ftjw;Fhpa topfs;: kdij xU epiyg;gLj;jp mlf;fpapUj;jy; ,ayhj fhhpak; vd;gjid jhAkhdth; gpd;tUk; cjhuzq;f@lhf mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. mjhtJ > fl;Lj;jwpia Kwpf;Fk; kjahidapid trg;gLj;j KbAk;> fub> Gypapid mlf;fyhk;> rpq;fk; xd;wpd; KJfpy; mkh;e;J nry;yyhk;> eQ;rpidAila ghk;gpidg; Gw;wpdpd;W vLf;fyhk;> ghjurj;ijAk; cNyhfj;ijAk; cz;zyhk; Njth;fs; jk; Vtiyr; nra;AkhW nra;ayhk;> vg;nghOJk; ,sikAld; ,Uf;fyhk;> NtnwhUthpd; clypy; Gfyhk;> Mdhy>; kdjpid ey;topg;gLj;Jk; jpwj;ijr; nra;J cs;sj;ij mlf;FtJ ,ayhj fhhpakhFk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid Nky;tUkhW rpj;jphpj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;whh;;:

“fe;Jf kjf;fhpia trkh elj;jyhk; fubntk; GypthiaAk; fl;lyhk; xUrpq;f KJfpd;Nky; nfhs;syhk; fl;nrtp vLj;jhl;lyhk; nte;joypd; ,ujk;itj; ije;JNyhfj;ijAk; Ntjpj;J tpw;Wz;zyhk; NtnwhUth; fhzhky; cyfj; Jyhtyhk; tpz;ztiu Vty;nfhs;syhk; re;jjKk; ,sikNah bUf;fyhk; kw;nwhU rhPuj;jp Dk;GFjyhk; ryNky; elf;fyhk; fdy;Nky; ,Uf;fyhk; jd;dpfhpy; rpj;jpngwyhk; rpe;ijia mlf;fpNa Rk;kh ,Uf;fpd;w jpwk;mhpJ rj;jhfpnad; rpj;jkpir Fbnfhz;l mwpthd nja;tNk NjNrh kahde;jNk!”

(NjNrhkahde;jk;: 118) ,t;thW kdjpid mlf;Fjy; vspjd;W vdf; $wpdhYk; Nky;tUk; topfisg; gpd;gw;Wtjd; thapyhf kdijf; fl;Lg;;ghl;bw;Fs; nfhz;L tuyhk; vd;gJ mth; jk; fUj;jhf mikfpd;wJ. mit tUkhW:

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kdk; mlq;Ftjw;F Nahfg;gapw;rp mtrpak; vd;Wk;> eP vd;gJ mlq;Fk; me;epiyNa epl;il vd;Wk;> ahd;> vdJ vd;w nrUf;F ePq;Fjy; ,d;g epl;il vd;Wk;> nksdNk epl;il vd;Wk; jhAkhdh; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid> “nrhy;yhy; kTdk; kdnkd;;

Nwnrhy;ypr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;l “jy;yhy; kdk;mwg; G+uz epl;ilapy; Mo;e;jJz;Nlh”

(ghag;Gyp: 424) vd;w ghly; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. fy;yhy kuj;jpd; fPo; ,Uf;fpd;w ,iwtid tzq;Ftjdhy; cs;sk; xLq;Fk; vd;gjid>

“Muzk; Mfkk; vy;yhk; ciuj;j mUs;nksd fhuz %yk;fy; yhybf; NfAz;L fhzg;ngw;why; ghuzk; NfhL Roy;neQ;r khfpa ghjurk;”

(ghag;Gyp: 425) vd;w ghlYk;> ,iwtdJ jpUtUspdhy; cs;sk; xLq;Fk; vd;gjid>

“thuha;neQ; Nrcd;jd;Jd;khh;f;fk; ahitAk; itj;Jf; fl;bq;F Muha; mbf;fbr; Rw;Wfpd; wha;cd; dtykjpf;F Xuh apuk;Gj;jp nrhd;dhYk; Xh;fpiy XnfLtha; ghuha; cidf;nfhy;Y Ntd;nty;Y Ntd;mUs; ghq;Fnfhz;Nl”

(ghag;Gyp: 450) vd;w ghlYk;>

“jhahd fUizAk; cdf;Fz; nldf;fpdpr; rQ;ryk; nfltUs;nraha; rh;tghp G+uz mfz;ljj; Jtkhd rr;rpjh de;jrptNk” (rr;rpjhde;jk;:107)

vd;w ghlYk;> “ghohd vd;kdk; FtpanthU je;jpuk; gz;Zt Jdf;fUikNah ghh;f;Fkplk; vq;FnkhU ePf;fkwepiwfpd;w ghpG+u zhde;jNk”

(ghpG+uzhde;jk;: 12) vd;w ghlYk; mwpaj;jUfpd;wd. ,iwtdpd; jpUtUs; fpl;bdhy; cs;sj;jpy; Mir> nghwhik vd;gd ePq;fptpLk; vd;gjid>

“ca;Ak; gbf;Fd; jpUf;fUiz xd;iwf; nfhLj;jhy; cilaha; gho; ngha;Ak; mthTk; mOf;fhWk; Gilgl; NlhLk; ed;ndwpahk; nka;Ak; mwpT ngWk;NgWk;”

(jd;idnahUth;: 317) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. kdk; milf;fyk; GFtjw;Nfw;w ,lk; ,iwtdJ jpUtUs; vd;gjid>

“vy;yhk; rptd;nray; vd;wwpe;

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jhy;mtd; ,d;dUNs my;yhy; Gfyplk; NtWKz; NlhmJ Ntepiyah epy;yha;cd; dhy;jkp Naw;Ff; fjpAz;be; ePs;epyj;jpy; nghy;yh kaf;fj;jpy; Mo;e;jht njd;d Gfy; neQ;Nr”

(ghag;Gyp: 445) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. mj;Jld; Mztkyk; ePq;fpdhy; kdk; xLq;Fk; vd;Wk; mt;thW xLq;fpd; cyfpay; nghUl;fs; ahTk; mUs; tbthff; fhzg;gLk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“gl;lg; gfy;Nghyg; gho;j;jrpe;ij khspd; vy;yhk; ntl;lntspahf tpsq;Fk; guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 997) vd;w ghlypD}lhf mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. Qhdk; iftug;gl;l rpj;jh;fspd; rpj;Jf;fis tplTk; mhpjhdJ kdij cUfr; nra;jy; vd;gjid>

“cufDk; ,isg;ghw Nahfjz;lj;jpNy cyFRik ahftUshy; kPl;blTk; ty;yePh; vd;kdf; fy;iyady; nkOfhf;fp itg;gjhpNjh Ntjhe;j rpj;jhe;j rkured; dpiyngw;w tpj;jfr; rpj;jh;fzNk”

(rpj;jh; fzk;: 58) vd;w ghly; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. tPz;thh;j;ijfs; NgRtjidjtph;j;Jtpl;Lfq;ifmzpe;j jpUKbAilatid ehthy; $w kdk; fiuAk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“Neuhak; nksdepiy epy;yhky; tha;Ngrp Muha; miye;jPh; MnfLtPh; - NjhPh; jpiuAk; jpiuAk;ejpr; nrd;dpaid ehthy; fiuAk; fiuAk;kdf;fy;”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 471) vd;w ghly; tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. kdk; ,d;gk; miltjw;fhd topfs;: kdk; rptNd vd;W Rk;kh ,Ug;gjdhy; ,d;gk; cz;lhFk; vd;gjid>

“Rk;kh tpUf;fr; Rfk; Rfk; vd;W RUjpnay;yhk; mk;kh epue;juk; nrhy;yTk; Nfl;Lk; mwptpd;wpNa ngk;khd; nksdp nkhopiaAk; jg;gpvd; Ngjikahy; ntk;;khaf; fhl;by; miye;jNjd; me;Njhvd; tpjptrNk”

(ghag;Gyp: 436) vd;w ghly; tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. ,t;tplj;jpy;>

“cs;Sk; GwKk; epidg;Gmwpy; cd;Ds;Ns nkhs;sh mKjhk; vd;W ce;jPgw” KisahJ ge;jk;vd;W ce;jPgw”

(jpUTe;jpahh;: 26)

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vd;w ghly; Fwpg;gplg;ghyJ. Vnddpy;>

kdk; vjidAk; epidf;fhky; ntWkNd Rk;khtpUg;gjd; thapyhf ge;j ghrq;fis mWj;J epk;kjpahf tho KbAk; vd;fpwJ mg;ghly;. md;ghy; nefpo;e;J cUfpf; fz;fspy; ePiur; rpe;jpdhy; ,d;gk; Vw;gLk; vd;gjid>

“…………… ,d;gf; flypy; ,Uk;vd;d – md;gpdpy; fiue;J fiue;JUfpf; fz;zUtp; fhl;l tpiue;JtUk; Mde;j Nk”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 497) vd;w ghly; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ. kdk; ,iwtid mile;jhy; ,d;gk; cz;lhFk; vd;gjid>

………………………… “jg;Gtop Vd;epide;jha; re;jjKk; eP,Ue;j va;g;gpNy Mde;jNk”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 499) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. kdjpd; ,op epiy: kdkhdJ cyf topapy; nrd;W gw;Wf;fSf;Fl;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjid>

“neQ;rNk Crw;fapW Nghy cyf newpapd; fz;Nz nrd;W nrd;W gw;nwDq; fl;bDs;”

vd;Wk;> nghpa Fuq;ifg; Nghd;w kdNk midj;Jj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; fhuzk; vd;gjid>

“nghy;yhj khkw; flkd Nkvidg; Nghy; mLj;j vy;yhtw;iw Ak;gw;wpf; nfhz;lidNa vd;id epd;kakh epy;yha; mUs;ntsp ePehd;epw; Ngd;mUs; epl;ilnahU nrhy;yhy; gjpe;J ghpG+u zhde;jk; Njha;FtNd”

(ghag;Gyp: 449) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. mjhtJ> ,g;ghlypy; kdk; Jd;gj;jpw;F fhuzk; vd;gJld;> cyfg; nghUl;fisg;gw;wty;yJ vd;W $Wfpd;whh;. mj;Jtpjk;: kdKk; ,iwtDk; ,uz;lwf;fyj;jNy mj;Jtpjk; vd;gJ jhAkhdtuJ fUj;jhFk;. Ik;nghwpfSk; kdKk;: Ik;nghwpfspd; top kdk; nry;yty;yJ vd;gjid jhAkhdth; Nky;tUkhW $Wfpd;whh;.

“rptkhjp ehd;Kff; Nfhme;j .………………… jtNk jUk;Ik; Gyg;nghwpf; Nfnad; mwpTnghy;yhg;

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gtNk tpisf;fvd; Nwhntsp khd;vdg; gha;e;jJNt.”

(ghag;Gyp: 410) kdk; nghwp Gyd; top nry;tjdhy; jhd; gpwtpj; Jah; Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;Wk;> kdk; nghwp> Gyd; top nry;yhtpbd; gpwtpj; Jah; Vw;glhJ vd;Wk; Ik;Gyd; top nry;Yk; kdjpid mlf;fp fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy; nksdFUtpw;Nf cz;L vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“vd;mwpit As;slf;fp vd;Nghy; tUk;kTdp jd;mwpTf;Fs;Nsehd; rhUk;ehs; ve;ehNs”

(ve;ehl;fz;zp: 1102) vd;w ghly; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F nrtp Mfpa Ik;nghwpfspd; jhf;Fjyhy; jhd; cs;sk; Jd;gkilfpd;wJ vd;gjid>

“Gyd;Ie;Jk; jhNd nghukaq;fpr; rpe;ij myke; JoYk; mbik – eyk;kpFe;j rpj;jhd Nkhd rptNd”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 505) vd;w ghly;; %yk; mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. Nkw; nrg;gg;gl;l fUj;jpid muz; nra;Ak; tifapy;>

“md;wptUk; Ik;GyDk; ePAk; mirahNj” (jpUf;fspw;Wg;gbahh;: ,d;GWepiy> 35)

vd;Wk;> Jd;dpaIk; GyNtlh; Roypy;gl;Lj; JiztidAk; mwpahJ Jah;cWe;…”

(rptQhdrpj;jpahh;: Rgf;fk;> vl;lhk;#j;jpuk;) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wd. vdNt> Ik;Gyd;fspd; top kdk; nry;yyhfhJ vd;gjid ,e;E}y;fs; njspthf vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. mbahh; kdk;: rptdbahh;fspd; cs;sk; mofpa Nfhapy; vd;Wk;> mth;fSila cs;sk; njspthdJ vd;gJk; jhAkhdtuJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“RfkhFk; Qhdk; jpUNkdp ahey;y njhz;lh;jq;fs; mfNkNghw; Nfhapy; vdkfpo;e; Njkd;W shbafw; gfNk cd; nghd;db epoy;fz;” …………………

(ghag;Gyp: 408) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. rptdbahh;fsJ cs;sk; rQ;rykiltjpy;iy vd;gjid>

“rpj;jk; njspe;Njhh; njsptpy; njspthd Rj;j Rff;flYs; NjhAk;ehs; ve;ehNsh”

(ve;ehl;fz;zp: 1215) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. Qhd tPuh;fsJ cs;sk;:

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fyq;fhj neQ;rk; cilath;fs; Qhd tPuh;fs; vd;gjid>

“fyq;fhj neQ;Rila Qhd jPuh;” (fy;yhypd;: 626)

vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. kq;ifah; kdk;: kq;ifah; kdk; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;w NghJ kq;ifah;fsJ kdkhdJ njsptw;wJ vd;Wk;> tQ;rKilaJ vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“Mohop vd;d msTglh tQ;r neQ;rg; ghohd khjh;kay; gw;nwhopt nje;ehNsh”

(ve;ehl;fz;zp: 1137) vdf; $WtjD}lhf mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. mjhtJ> ,g;ghlypd; %ykhf Mo;e;j fliyg; Nghd;w mstpy;yhj tQ;rj;ijAila neQ;rKilath;fs; ngz;fs; vdf; $wp> mg;ngz;fSld; NruhJ mjpypUe;J jhd; tpLjiy mila Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. kdk; vd;w nghUs; jd; trkpy;iy vd;gjid>

“…………………………………………………. kdnjd; gJNkh vd; trkha; thuh ija epd;mUNsh jdnjd; gJf;Fk; ,lk;fhNzd;” ……………………………………….………….”

(jd;idnahUth;: 316) vd;Wk;>

kdk; mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; jd;id ,Oj;jbf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid> “,Of;fbj;jha; neQ;NreP nsd;fiyfs; Nrhu

mOf;fbf;Fk; tz;zhh;Ngh yha;” vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;.

kdk; ,iwtDf;Fhpa jpiwg; nghUs; vd;gjid> “me;juj;Nj epd;whLk; Mde;jf; $j;jDf;nfd; rpe;ij jpiwnfhLj;Jr; Nrtpg;gJ ve;ehNsh”

(ve;ehl;fz;zp: 1232) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;.

jd; kdk; ,uf;fkpy;yhjJ vd;gjid> “vs;sj; jidAk; ,uf;fkpyh td;ghtp cs;sj;Jk; ve;ij AyhtplTk; fhz;NgNdh”

(fhz;NgNdh vd;fz;zp: 1331) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;.

Fw;wk; nghUe;jpa kdj;ijAila tQ;rfd; vd;gjid> “khrhd neQ;rd;,td; tQ;rd;vd;Nwh -tha;jpwe;J Ngrh kTdk; ngUkhd; gilj;jJNt!”

(gytiff;fz;zp: 1394) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;.

kdj; JwT: kdj;Jwtpid Nkw;nfhs;tJ fbdkhdJ vd;Wk;> cyfg; gw;Wf;fisj; Jwe;jth;fspdhNy kdj; Jwtpid Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk; vdf; $wpaJld;> gl;bdj;jbfspd; Gwj;Jwtpid rpwg;Gg; gLj;jpf; $Wfpd;whh;. mjhtJ> gl;bdj;jbfs;

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Nkw;nfhz;l Gwj;Jwtpidg; Nghy kdj; Jwtpid Nkw;nfhs;tJk; mhpjhd xU fhhpakhFk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;.

,f;fUj;jpid> “ghuidj;Jk; ngha;nadNt gl;bdj;Jg;gps;is -iag;Nghy; MUe;; Jwf;if mhpjhpJ – NeNu kdj;JwTk; mg;gbNa khzh ,tw;wpy; cdf;fpire;j thnwhd;;Nw Xh;”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 516) vd;w ghly; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.

kdk;> khia jpUtUs; vd;gdtw;Wf;fpilNaahd njhlh;Gfs;: khiaapd; fhuzkhf kdk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;Wk;> Qhd tbtkhf cs;s jpUtUs; jhd; kdk; cz;lhtjw;F fhuzk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. jpUtUs; jhd; kdk; cz;lhtjw;F fhuzk; vd;gjid>

“Nkhd FU mspj;j NkhdNk Mde;jk; Qhd mUSk;mJ ehDk;mJ- thdhjp epd;wiyAk; mJneQ;rg; gpwg;Gk;mJ vd;W mwpe;Njd; Mde;jNk”

vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. khahfhhpakhd cs;sk; xope;J tpbd; mwptpd;gk; Vw;gLk; vdf; $Wtjd; thapyhf khahfhhpakhdJ cs;sk; vd;gJ jhAkhdtuJ fUj;jhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpid> “………………… itj;jkT dj;jhNy khia kdkpwe;J Ja;j;JtpLk; Qhd Rfk;”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 540) vd vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. khiaapd; fhhpakhf ,uT> gfy; rpwpa kiy> Fsk;> fhL> nghpa kiy> xypf;Fk; fly;> mk;gyk;> tPL> cs;sk; Mfpad cs;sd vd;gjid>

“xd;Wk; njhpe;jpl tpy;iy vd; Ds;sj; njhUt vdf;F vd;Wk; njhpe;j ,it mit Nfs;,u Tk;gfYk; Fd;Wk; FopAk; tdKk; kiyAk; FiuflYk; kd;Wk; kidAk; kdkhjp jj;Jt khiaANk”

(ghag;Gyp: 432) vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. cyfidj;Jk; cz;lhtJ khiaapdhy; vd;gjid>

“……………….. tpyfpLk; kyk;, tw;iw NtWmd;W mJNt whfp cyFly; fhuzkhfp cjpj;jpLk;; czh;e;J nfhs;Ns” (rptQhdrpj;jpahh;: Rgf;fk;> 81)

vd;Wk;> cyFk;> clw;fUtpfSk; Njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzk; khia vd;gjid>

“epj;jkha; mUtha; Vf epiymjha; cyfj;jpw;Nfhh; tpj;Jkha; mrpj;jha; vq;Fk;

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tpahgpaha; tpky Df;Nfhh; rj;jpaha;g; Gtd Nghfk; jDfu zKk; caph;f;fha; itj;jNjhh; kykha; khia kaf;fKk; nra;Akd;Nw”

(rptQhd rpj;jpahh; Rgf;fk;: 53) vd rptQhd rpj;jpahh; $Wfpd;wJ. mRj;jkhiaapd; fhhpaNk kdk; vd;gjid>

“fhl;ba me;jf; fuzKk; khiaapf; fhak;vd;W #l;ba NfhyKk; ehdh ,aq;fj; JiwapjDs; ehl;ba ehd;wdf; nfd;Nwhh; mwptw;w ehd;,tw;iwf; $l;bepd; whl;bid Nagu Nkey;y $j;jpJNt”

(ghag;Gyp: 448)

vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpidNa irtrpj;jhe;jKk; Vw;W epw;fpd;wJ. khiaapy; vy;yhk; El;gkhf mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gjid>

khiaapd; cs;s tQ;rk; tUtJ Nght jhF(k;) ePmjpq;F ,y;iy vd;dpd; ,fo;e;jpL Kaypy; NfhL Ngha;cF(k;) ,iyf- nsy;yhk; kuq;fspy; Gf;Fg; Nghjpd; MapLk; mJTk; vd;dpy; fhuzk; fplf;f thNk”

(rptQhdrpj;jpahh; : Rgf;fk;> 15) vd;w ghly; kpfj; njspthf tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

mjhtJ> mRj;j khiaapd; fhhpaNk kdk;; vdj; jhAkhdth; $w> mt;af;jk;> %yg;gpufpUjp khiaapypUe;J jhd; me;jf;fuzk; Njhd;wpajhf rptQhd rpj;jpahh; Rgf;fk; $Wfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“tpe;Jtpd; khia ahfp khiaapd; mt;tp aj;jk; te;jpLk; tpe;J jd;ghy; itfhp Mjpkhia Ke;jpLk; muhfk; Mjp Kf;Fzk; Mjp%yk; je;jpLk; rptd; mtd; mjd; re;epjp jd;dpd; epd;Nw”

(rptQhdrpj;jpahh;: Rgf;fk;> 19) vd;w ghly; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ.

ijrjj;jpypUe;J kdk; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ vd;gjid> “kdk;mJ ijr jj;jpd; te;jnjhU nghUis Ke;jp”

(rptQhdrpj;jpahh;: Rgf;fk;>60) vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.

,t;thW kdjpw;Fk; khiaapw;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;Gfs; Etyg;gl;Ls;sd.jd; kdk; xLq;fpd; jd;id rptQhdpaUld; xg;gplyhk; vd;gjid>

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“ghh;f;fpd; mZg; Nghy;fple;j gho;Q;rpe;ij khspd; -vd;id Mh;f;Fr; rhpaplyhk; Iah guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 998) vd;Wk;>

td;ikahd kdijAilajhy; jd; tho;T ,of;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjid> ed;ndQ;rj;J md;gh;vy;yhk; ehjiur;Nrh;e; -jpd;giize;jhh; td;ndQ;rj; jhNyehd; tho;;tpoe;Njd; -igq;fpspNa

(igq;fpspf;fz;zp: 1056) vd;Wk;>

kdk; Fwpf;NfhSld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk;> kdk; Fwpf;Nfhs; ,y;yhJ nraw;gbd;> tpidfSf;Fl;gl;L gpwg;gpw;Fl;gl;L cyfg;gpbg;Gfspy; rpf;fp my;yYWk; vd;gjid>

“te;j tuit kwe;;Jyfha; tho;e;J fd;k ge;jKw cd;idg; gbg;gpf;ff; fw;wth;ahh; ,e;jkjp Vd;cdf;fpq;F vd;kjpNfs; vd;dhNy re;jjk;neQ; Nrguj;jpw; rhhpd;,d;gk; cz;lhNk”

(Vrw;w me;epiy: 549) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. kdk; mlq;Fjyhy; ngWk; ed;ikfs;: mlq;fhj kdjpid> fztDf;F mlq;fhjg; ngz;Zf;F ctkpf;fpd;whh;. Vnddpy;> fztDf;F mlq;fhj ngz; jhNd ntspr; nrd;W Rw;wpj;jphpAk; ,ay;Gilatshff; fhzg;gLths;. mJ Nghd;W> mlf;fkpy;yhj kdKk; kpf td;kkhdJ vd;Wk;> jPa nray;fisr; nra;aty;yJ vd;Wk; $wp> vdNt kdk; mlq;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;.Vnddpy;> vz;zq;fis mlf;fp kdij xU fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; nfhz;L tUtjd; thapyhf> Nky;tUk; ed;ikfis mila KbAk; vd;gJ mth; fUj;jhf mikfpd;wJ. mit tUkhW:

01. ahd;> vdJ vd;gd ePq;Fk; 02. FUtpd; jpUtUs; fpl;Lk; 03. vl;L tifahd rpj;jpfs; fpilf;Fk; 04. tPLNgW fpilf;Fk; (rPtd; Kf;jp) 05. mfq;fhuq;fs; ePq;Fk; 06. kyq;fs; mopAk; 07. ,d;g epiy Vw;gLk;.

kdk; xLq;fg; ngwhjth;f;F tha;g;Ngr;rpdhy; vJtpj gyDk; ,y;iy vd;gjid>

“rpdk;,wf;ff; fw;whYk; rpj;jpnay;yhk; ngw;whYk; kdk; ,wf;ff; fy;yhh;f;F tha;Vd; guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 804) vd;w ghly; %yk; mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. kdk; jPa topapy; nry;tNjhL cyfj;jpy; vq;Fk; coyty;yJ vd;gjid> jPa topapy; nry;Yk; kdjpdhy; vJtpj gyDk; ,y;iy vd;gjid>

“#jhL thh;Nghy; Jtz;L Jtz;Lkdk; “thjhbd; vd;dgyd; tha;f;Fk; guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 806) vd;w ghly; thpfspD}lhfj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;whh;.

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kdk; - Myak; vd;gdtw;Wf;fpilNaahd njhlh;G: cs;sk; ngUq; Nfhapy; CDlk;ghyak; vdf; $wpa jpU%yiug; Nghd;W jhAkhdtUk; kdjpw;Fk; Myaj;jpw;FkpilNa xUik fhz;fpd;whh;. mjhtJ> ,iwtid cs;sj;jpy; nghUe;j itj;jNy kdjpw;F rpwg;ghFk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. ,f;fUj;jpid>

“vd;Wk; cd;id apja ntspf;FNs Jd;w itj;jd Nd mUl; Nrhjp eP epd;w jd;ik epiyf;nfd;id Neh;ikahk; ed;W jPjw itj;j eLtNj”

(nghd;id khjiu: 202) vd;Wk;> ,iwtd; nka;awptpdhpd; cs;sj;ijf; Nfhapyhff; nfhz;lth; vd;gjid>

“……………………………………….. fsk;ngW tQ;r neQ;rpdh; fhzhf; fhl;rpNa fhl;rpNa mwpQh; csk;ngWk; JizNa nghJtpdpy; ebf;Fk; cz;ikNa cs;sth wpJNt”

(Muzk;: 274) vd;Wk;> mftopghl;Lf;F cs;sNk Nfhapy;> vz;zNk kdg; nghUs;> md;Ng kQ;rd ePh; vd;gjid>

“neQ;rNk Nfhapy; epidNt Rfe;jk; md;Ng kQ;rdePh; G+irnfhs;s thuha; guhguNk”!

(guhguf;fz;zp: 786) vd;Wk;> vd; neQ;rf; fy;iyf; Nfhapyhff; nfhs; vd;w jiyg;gpyike;j ghlypy;> ghttbthd fUq;fy;iyg; Nghd;w kdkhdJ epdf;Fhpa Myak; vd;gjid>

“Vjk; mw;wth;f; fpd;gNk nghopfpd;w ,iwNa ghj ff;fUq; fy;kdk; Nfhapyhg; ghpe;J ……………………………………………………”

(vdf;nfdr; nray;: 382) vd;Wk;> jd; kdjpidf; Nfhapyhff; nfhz;lth; nksdFU vd;gjid>

“Qhdnewpf; Nfw;wFU ez;zhpa rpj;jpKj;jp jhdk; jUkk; jioj;jFU – khdnkhL jhnadTk; te;njd;idj; je;jFU vd;rpe;ij Nfhapnyd thOk; FU”

(cly; ngha;AwT: 541) vd;Wk;> Ngr;rw;w md;gh;fspd; kdj;jpy; cah;e;j xspaha; Xq;fp tsh;e;J tpsq;Fgth; guk;nghUs; vd;gjid>

“ciu,we;j md;gh;csj; Njhq;nfhspaha; Xq;fpf; fiu,we;j ,d;gf;flNy guhguNk”

(guhguf;fz;zp: 641) vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;. mjhtJ> jhAkhdth; mftopghl;bw;Fr; rpwe;j ,lk; cs;sk; vdf; $WtJld; cs;sNk Qhd xsp vd;Wk; $Wfpd;whh;.

FAC, SEUSL

60

kdjpd; nraw;ghl;bid Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;Fj; jhAkhdth; gad;gLj;Jk; cjhuzq;fs;: caphpdq;fs;: ML> Fuq;F> khd;> GO>Njs;> capuw;w nghUl;fs;: thdk;> kiy> fly;> fhw;whb> fy;> kuf;fyk;> kuk; ePh;f;Fkpop> ,Uk;G> gk;guk;> gQ;R> ghjurk;. gz;Gg; ngah;fs;: mwptpyp> tQ;rfk;> fs;sj;jdk; vd;gd. Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk;:

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,t;tha;tpy; r%ftpay;> tptuz Ma;T Kiwikfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. jfty; Nrfhpg;GEl;g Kiw:

Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; epiyj;juTfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Kjyhk; epiyj;juTfshf jhAkhdth; jpUg;ghly;fSk;> ,uz;lhk; epiyj; juTfshf Vida E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Ma;tpd; KbT: cstpayhsh;fs; kdjpid t];J> rlg; nghUs;> mDgtq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif> czh;Tfspd; Xl;lf; Nfhl;ghL> elj;ijapd; tbtk;> kdpj nrayhf;fj;jpw;fhd mjpAd;dj rf;jp vdf; $w> jhAkhdth; kdjpid me;jf;fuzq;fspy; xd;W> khahfhhpaj;jhy; MdJ> jpUtUshy; MdJ> Gyd;fspd; top nry;yty;yJ> kdr; nraw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; nra;ag;gLk; tpidfNs gpwg;G> ,wg;G Vw;gLtjw;fhd fhuzk;> kdk; jPaelj;ijapd; tbtk;> kd xUikg;ghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;tJ fbdkhdJ> midj;J Jd;gj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhdJ> kdk; xLq;f Nahfg; gapw;rp mtrpak;> mftopghl;Lf;Fhpa ,lk;>kdpjdpd; midj;J nraw;ghl;bw;F fhuzk; vdf; $WtJ mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fJ. mjhtJ> jhAkhdth; kdjpidg; nghpanjhU khah jj;Jtkhf tpghpg;gJld;> kdpj elj;ijfSf;Ff; fhuzk; kdk; vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. crhj;JizE}y;fs;:

1. mwpnthsp> m.> 2009>nka;fz;lrhj;jpuk;> th;j;jkhdd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. 2. ,uhkypq;fk;>rp.>jhAkhdth; Rthkpfs; tuyhW> jpUg;gde;jhs; ntspaPL. 3. Rg;ukzpad;> Nt.> 1977>jhAkhdth;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk;>

mz;zhkiy. 4. QhdFkhud;> eh.> 2003>nka;apay;> aho;g;ghzk;. 5. khzpf;fdhh;> m.> 1996>jhAkhdth; jpUg;ghly;fs;> (njhFjp- 1)> th;j;jkhdd;

gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. 6. NkyJ> njhFjp -2. 7. yl;Rkpehuhazd;>Nf.rp.> 2005>Ntjq;fs; Vw;Wg; Nghw;Wk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs;>

mz;zh efh;> nrd;id. 8. =kj; Rthkp rpthde;jh; 1958>jhAkhdth;> jpUr;rp. 9. = jhAkhd Rthkp ghly;fs;> 2008> = uhkfpU\;z jNghtdk;>

jpUg;guha;j;Jiw.