NqvkNwr fojks/kh dkuwu

gekjs ns’k esa dbZ izdkj ds yksx jgrs gaSA dksbZ fdlh /keZ dk] dksbZ fdlh tkfr dk] dksbZ /kuh rks dksbZ fu/kZuA viuh t:jrsa iwjh djus ds fy;s lc yksx vyx&vyx dke djrs gSaA dksbZ vkneh nqdku pykrk gS] dksbZ nthZ dk dke djrk gSA dkbZ vkSjr ?kkl dkVrh gS Z lCth csprh gSAs ] dksbdksbZ twr S] dksbZ eafnj esa iq SA ysfdu] ,d s cukrk g tkjh dk dke djrk gckr eas lHkh yksx ,d leku gSaA og ;g gS fd lHkh Hkkjr ds ukxfjd gSaA

3

ukxfjd gksus ls D;k gksrk gS\

,d ukxfjd gksus ds ukrs] gesa dbZ vf/kdkj feyrs gSaA ;s vf/kdkj lc dks ,d leku fn;s tkrs gSaA ljdkj ds vkxs dksbZ ÅWapk ;k uhpk ugha gksrk A

;s vf/kdkj fdl&fdl rjg ds gksrs gSa\

;s vf/kdkj gksrs gSa %

• LorU=rk ls viuk thou fcrkuk]

• lekt esa leku gdnkj gksuk

D;k gfjtu vkSj NksVh tkfr ds yksx Hkh ukxfjd gSa & D;k mUgsa Hkh leku vf/kdkj gS\

Tk:jA ;g lp gS fd gekjk lekt tkfr &Hksn ls caVk gqvk gSA ÅaWph tkfr ds yksx detksj vkSj uhph tkfr ds dgykus okys yksxksa ls cqjk O;ogkj djrs gsaA mUgas muds iwjs gd bLrseky djus ls jksdrs gSaA ;g lc vLi`’;rk ;k Nq wr ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA yfdu ,lk djus dsvkN s s fy, dkuwu dh eukgh gSA

ysfdu gesa rks tUe lsa gh vNwr ekuk tkrk gS\ D;k gesa Hkh leku vf/kdkj gS\

tUe ls dksbZ NksVk ;k cM+k ugha gksrkA fdlh dks ;g gd ugha gS fd nwljs ij vR;kpkj djsA NqvkNwr vkSj tkfr&Hksn ls lekt esa v’kkafr QS SA >xM+s vkSj nxs gksrs gSA ,sls ekgkSy esa dksbZ lq s ugha jg yrh g a a [k lldrk gSA ljdkj dks irk gS fd lekt esa ^uhph* tkfr] ^vuqlwfpr* tkfr ;k ^vNwr* dgykus okyksa ds lkFk cgqr cqjk lywd gksrk gA blfy, ljdkj Sus ,d dkuwu cuk;kA

bl dkuwu dk uke g] ^^S flfoy vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1955”A vkb;s ns[ksa ;g dkuwu fdl rjg ls vkidh j{kk djrk gSA

4

bl dkuwu ls %

• vkids ukxfjdrk dh fgrksa dh j{kk gksrh gS]

• NqvkNwr ds vk/kkj ij fdlh Hkh rjg dh jksd&Vksd yxkus okyksa dks ltk nh tkrh gSA

5

/keZ ls lEcfU/kr ckrksa esa

vkidks dkuwu dh rjQ ls LorU=rk gS fd vki fcuk fdlh jksd ds vius /keZ dk ikyu djsaA bldk eryc gS fd gj /keZ ds yksx vke yksxksa dh rjg vius /kkfeZd LFkkuksa ij tk ldrs gSaA

ge Hkh fgUnw gSa sa Zd txgksa ij tkus ugha fn;k tkrkA ] ij ge /kkfeD;k ;g Bhd gS\

vxj vki fdlh Hkh tkfr ds fgUnw gaS] rks vki fdlh Hkh eafnj esa tk ldrs gSaA blh izdkj vxj vki eqlyeku gSa rks efLtn eas tk ldrs gSaA vxj vki fl[k gSa rks xq:}kjs sa tk ldrs gSaA vxj vki bZlkbZ gSae ] rks fxjtk?kj eas tk ldrs gSaA ,sls gh vki vius /keZ ls tqM+h gqbZ ckdh ifo= txgksa ij Hkh tk ldrs gSaA xaxk unh fgUnwvksa ds fy;s ifo= ekuh tkrh gS rks fdlh Hkh tkfr dk fgUnw xaxk ea Luku djus tk ldrk gS Z ml ij s A dksbjksd ugha yxk ldrkA

dtfj;k xkWao esa ,d efUnj gS] tgkWa lHkh fgUnw iwtk djus tkrs gSaA ,d fnu yYyw] tks eksph dk dke djrk gS] viuh iRuh ds lkFk ml eafnj esa x;kA iqtkjh us mls MkaV&MiV dj] /kDds ekj dj ckgj fudyok fn;kA iqtkjh us dgk] vks yYyw w wr g rwu eafnj dks vifo= dj ] ^^r rks vN S s fn;kA vc eq>s ,d fo’ks"k iwtk djuh iM+sxh] efUnj dh ’kqf} ds fy,**A yYyw dks efUnj ds ckgj dq a us ihVkA xkWao esa ,d odhy lkgc FksA N yksxksog tkurs s qtkjh us vijk/k fd;k gS wu rksMk gSA odhy lkgc Fk fd i ] dku +dh enn ls w us iq s sa fjiksV fy[kokbZA D;k gqvk\ itkjh vkSj yYy fyl Fkku e Z qihVus okys yksxksa dks tsy gks xbZA

6

Bkdqj vo/ks’k flag dh ml xkWao esa ,d cM+ syh gSA ml goyh h go seas mudk ,d futh efUnj gSA ;kfu] dsoy os vkSj muds ifjokj ds lnL; ogkWa iwtk djrs gSa qj us tkdj odhy lkgc ls iw wu dsA Bkd Nk] ^^D;k dkuvuqlkj] esjs efUnj eas Hkh gfjtu dks vkus dk gd gS**\ odhy lkgc cksys Z Hkh gd ds rkSj ij vkids efUnj es ugha vk ldrkA ] ^^ugha dksb a ys s efUnj es vkus nsr gS] rks fQj fdu vxj vki vke turk dks viu a s ayYyw dks bl dkj.k ugha jksd ldrs fd og gfjtu gSA**

Lkekftd thou dh ckrksa esa

lHkh yksxksa dks lekt esa cjkcjh ls jgus dk gd gSA

gekjs jkstkuk ds thou esa Hkh NqvkNwr ds dkj.k dbZ rjg ls gesa nck;k tkrk gSA gea nqdkuksa syksa] flusek?kjksa Z’kkykvks oxS sa tkus ss ] e ] /ke a jg e ljksdk tkrk gSA gesa lkoZtfud clksa] xkfM+;ksa oxSjg esa Hkh p<+us ugha fn;k tkrkA lcls feytqy dj lekt esa jgus ij dbZ ikcfUn;kWa yxkbZ tkrh gSaA D;k bu lc ekeyksa esa Hkh dkuwu gekjh j{kk dj ldrk gS\

NqvkNqr ;k tkfr&Hksn ds uke ij fdlh ij jksd yxkuk vijk/k gSA tks ,slk djs] mls ltk gks ldrh gSA ij vki lcdks feydj vius gd ekaxus gksaxsA cSBs jgus ls dkuwu vkids fy, dqN ugha dj ldrkA bl rjg ds gj vijk/k ds fy, dkuwu ltk ns ldrk gSA

jk/kk vkSj mldk ifr xksiky vuqlwfpr tkfr ds gSaA os etnwjh djrs gsaA ,d fnu nksuksa jkeflag ds <kcs ij pk; ihus x;sA jkeflag us pk; cspus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA og cksyk & ^^tkvks ;gkWa ls ! eaS vNwrksa dks pk; ugha fiykrkA**

D;k jkeflag us lgh fd;k \

ugha ! tkfr&Hksn ds dkj.k fdlh dks dksbZ pht u cspuk dkuwuh vijk/k gSA

8

jk/kk vkSj xksiky fQj fd’ku dh nqdku ij x;sA fd’ku us dgk] ^^Bhd gS S pk; rks nrk g¡] ij pk; ds di ekWtdj vyx gh j[k nsukA ] ea s w avNrksw a ds fy, esa vyx crZu bLrseky djrk gw¡A**

D;k fd’ku dk ,slk dguk Bhd g\S

ughaA fdlh lkoZtfud txg ij fdlh pht dk bLrseky djus ls jksduk Hkh dkuwuh vijk/k gSA

<kcs ij dqN vkSj yksx cSBs FksA mUgksaus fd’ku dks /kedk;kA os cksys& ^^vc ge lcd rqEgkjs <kcs ij pk; ugha fi;saxsA Å¡ph tkfr ds yksx vc ;gk¡ vkuk cUn dj nsaxs A rqEgkjk <kck cUn djok nasxsA**

9

D;k mu yksxksa us lgh fd;k \

UkghaA tkfr&Hksn ;k Nq qr ds fy;s fdlh dks /kedkuk dkuwuh vijk/k vkNgSA vxj jk/kk vkSj xksiky iqfyl eas f’kdk;r djsa] rks jkeflag] fd’ku vkSj <kcs ij cSBs mulHkh yksxksa dks ltk gks ldrh gSaA

ysfdu ge ftl tkfr ds gSa] gesa oghas jguk i<+rk gSA gels tcjnLrh ,sls dke djok;s tkrs gSa] ftuls ge vius thou dks dHkh lq/kkj ugha ldrsA

vki vxj fgEer djsa rks dkuwu t:j vkidh enn dj ldrk gSA vkids vklikl dbZ yksx gksrs gas tks iSals okys ;k i<+s&fy[ks gksrs gq, Hkh vkidh enn djuk pkgrs gsaA mudh lgk;rk yuh pkfg;s sA

10

lhrk ds firkth lQkbZ dk dke djrs gSaA lhrk xkWao ds Ldwy esa i<+us tkrh gSA og vkBoha d{kk esa gS wy tk jgh FkhA A ,d fnu lhrk LdjkLrs esa egktu us cqyk;kA mlus dgk] ^^lM+d ds fdukjs ,d lqvj ejk iM+k gSA mls mBkuk gSA** lhrk us dgk] ^^ckiw rks nwljs xk¡o x;s gSaA** egktu cksyk] ^^fQj rq>s gh mBkuk gksxkA** lhrk us dgk] ^^eaS ;g dke ugha d:¡xhA eaS rks i<+us tk jgh gw¡A** xk¡o ds vkSj yksx Hkh bdVBs gks x;sA eksgu us dgk] ^^Ldwy tkrh gS rks D;k\ gS rks Hkaxh dh NksdjhA py ! tks rsjh tkfr dk dke g s s qS ml djA** lhrk ?kcjk x;hA mlu ejk gvk lq sr&jksr Ldwy ig¡phA ekLVjuh th us iwvj mBk fn;kA lhrk jk s s q Nk] D;k gqvk\ tc lhrk dh ckr mUgsa irk pyh rks og vkSj ekLVj&ekLVjfu;ksa dks ys s x;hA Fkkus es goynkj usdj Fkku a Hkh lhrk dks /kedk;kA og cksyk] ^^,s HkaxuA Hkkx ;gk¡ lsA nks tekrsa i<+ yh rks mlls rsjh tkfr rks ugha cnyhA** exj Fkkus s fjiksVZ Z dhA eS ªsV lkgc ds vkxsnkj lkgc u nt ftLVeqdnek pykA

urhtk D;k fudyk \

• egktu dks lkr eghus dh dSn gqbZ vkSj rhu lkS :I;s tqekZuk]

• eksgu dks N% eghuksa dh dSn gqbZ vkSj nks lkS :I;s tqekZuk]

• goynkj dks ljdkjh ukSdjh ls c[kkZLr dj fn;k x;kA

muds vijk/k D;k Fks \

• tkfr ds dkj.k fdlh ls tcjnLrh dksbZ dke djok;k

• tkfr dh xkyh nsdj fdlh dks iqdkjk vkSj uhpk fn[kk;k

i<+uk rks D;k] ge rks viuh ilUn ls diM+k vkSj xguk Hkh ugha igu ldrsA D;k gekjs tSls yksxksa dks ;g gd ugha gS\

vkidk dke dSlk Hkh gks] vkidh tkfr dksbZ Hkh gks&vPNs diM+s iguuk ;k ts S s Zoj iguuk vkidk vf/kdkj gA bll vkidks dfksb ugha jksd ldrkA

11

vxj vkidh tkfr eas dksbZ ’kknh&C;kg gS] rks viuh ijEijk ;k jLe ds vuqlkj ml eukvksA vki bl ckr ls Mjrs gksa s a s lss x fd xkWo ea ckjkr dks fudyus ugha fn;k tk;sxkA ,slk vDlj gksrk gSA vki tkuuk pkgsxa s] jktLFkku esa D;k gqvk \

,d gfjtu ifjokj us Bku fy;k fd os ckjkr viuh ijEijk ds vuqlkj t:j fudkysaxsA mUgksaus igys ls gh iqfyl esa vius bjkns dh tkudkjh nh vkS qfyl dh lgk;rk yhA vxj bu fLFkfr;ksa esa dksb iqj i Z fyl dh lgk;rk ek¡xs rks iqfyl dk QtZ gS fd og mu yksxksa dh j{kk dk iwjk izcU/k djsA rks og ckjkr iqfyl dh Vksyh dh lqj{kk ds lkFk xk¡o eas ls fudyhA dqN yksxks us mls jks s sf’k’k dhA ijUrq] osa du dh dk yksx ogha fxj¶rkj dj fy, x, vkSj ckn eas mUgsa ltk vkSj tqekZuk gqvkA

gekjs ;gkWa NksVs&eksVs xk¡o gksrs gsSaA ogkWa eqf’dy ls ,d dq¡vk] ,d ugkus dk ?kkV] ;k ,d gh gSaM&iEi gksrk gSA gesa ;s lc phtsa seky djus] bLr ugha nh tkrhaA ge cgq s’kku gksrs gsaA ge D;k dja\r ij s

12

mu lc lkoZtfud phtksa dk bLrseky djus dk gd gj tkfr ds yksxksa dks gS Z mUgsa jksdrk gS rks og dkuwuh vijk/k djrk gSAA ;fn dksb

mlh rjg gj tkfr ds yksxksa dks vf/kdkj gS fd os fdlh Hkh ljdkjh ;k lkoZtfud

• vLirky

• Ldwy vkSj dkyst eas tk ldrs gSaA

vius cPpksa dks Ldwy vo’; Hksft,A mUgsa Hkh xk¡o ds vkSj cPpksa dh rjg f’k{kk nhft,A fojks/k rks gksxk] ysfdu vkidks mldk eqdkcyk djuk gksxk] rHkh vius fy, vkSj vius cPpksa ds q saxsAfy, dN dj ik;blds fy, vius ch-Mh-vks- ;k ,l-Mh-vks- ds ikl tkb;s vkSj mudh lgk;rk ekWafx;sA

ikl ds xk¡o eas tks ,l-Mh-vks-vkbZ gsaSA os efgyk gSaA os vulq wfpr tkfr dh gSaA D;k muds lkFk tkfr&Hksn gksrk gS\ ughaA D;k yksx mUgsa vius ?kj esa ugha vkus nsrs\ vo’; vkus nsrs gSa zkgk.k A D;k mudk pijklh tks cgS] mUgsa ikuh ugha fiykrk\ t:j fiykrk gSA

13

s

` q w w Sa sa s s

S S

s q S

s + S

mudh f’k{kk vkSj in ds dkj.k] mudk lHkh ls esytksy gSA tks fdlh in ij gksxk] ogh vR;kpkj Hkh jksd ldrk gSA

cPpksa dks f’k{kk nus s ls os cM+s gksdj gqN cu ik;saxsA f’kf{kr gksus ls tkfr&Hksn gksus dh lEHkkouk de gks tkrh gSA

ge vius vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dSls djsxa s\

lcls t:jh&laxfBr gksuk gksxk] ;kfu feydj dke djuk gksxkA

• Fkkus esa f’kdk;r fy[kokuh gksxhA

• f’kdk;r esa&vijkf/k;ksa ds uke] irk] muds }kjk fd;s x;s vijk/k dh iwjh tkudkjh nsuh gksxhA

prkouh

vLi’;rk] NvkNr] tkfr&Hksn dkuuh vijk/k gA bUg dju l%

• ,d lky rd dh dn gks ldrh g]

• ik¡p lkS :Ik; rd dk tekZuk gks ldrk g]

• ckj&ckj vijk/k dju ij ltk gj ckj c< ldrh gA

14

nqdku] dq¡vk] izHkq dk }kj

bu ij gS lcdk vf/kdkj

jksd yxkvksxs] iNrkvksxs

ljdkj ls dM+h ltk ikvksxsA

fdlh dks tkuk gks efUnj esa

Hkjuk gks ikuh dq,¡ ls ]

?kkV ij pkgs gks ugkuk

Xkk¡o esa ckjkr ys tkukA

tkfr&Hksn ls jksd u nsuk

dM+k n.M iM+sxk ikuk&

,d lky rd gksxh dSn

vkSj ml ij Hkjuk tqekZuk

15