VOL. XXX

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no. 3 Production oi Copper Going Up at Butte . . Page 3

Pacic Oyster Farms Producing Wealth . . . Page ‘IO

Elbow Room for Industries at Bismarck . . . Page 13

MAY-JUN:, 1956

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THE N0RTH‘vEsT height is S83 feet.PIJIIHIIIGJ Bimonlhly by lh The ingide dial“.

NORTHERN PAClF|C RA|l.WAY COMPANY f'ter at the WP

w. 1. HUNT, Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..St. Paul, Minn. '5 60 feet‘ am] at

E+‘ ...- far

I/y/*

el '1-vi-\;q9.’.i.‘.

., -.. ---mm5 isuminn ,\ . |. C,, - #48)’ -- - ‘- . naton( a op-~36‘, "‘“°‘""°"‘ ¢’t{....4'l:; .1‘; uinueirous “"“°'“'" ~ yr - ..- mt : *4 . : S, ,H._ per . inmg (om-

- ‘--.5°\"" °**°TA namnzsont‘ ' '2 .'D‘H° :wY°M|~G ‘ Ii“ __ _‘\>_“:,v__,__. . U gloss; .~.‘ ])Elll_\ . at .’\lld(‘(tll'

- » _.~_>. ,,.,,,., tam. ..onn.o1m

\ w

\'-‘*6 mum '4 a dramatic hot of the big stack at the

~. . ‘\naconda reduction (lpartment of the ~

53%

1' ' ' “'"",_”A' cdwnsut nun‘ i i , ‘~ The cover Picture. ” ' ' ‘ ‘ ' f‘...‘1 A

7* . -' iii ',_fALl-8 D On the front cover this month you see

-Q.‘ .;._," i NOlttH_7AKOlA“ wet . -

I ax {D e Z t A e I \ i Tx’. 1 W; .0. I. 3

bricks. The

the bottom it isT6 feet. Walls are 6T inches thick at thel)t)tt0lll——-221"» at the top. Total weight.

IF YOU WISH INFORMATION regarding The Northem Pacic Railway, or about industry, ' - - , -agriculture and other resources in the territory which it serves ateose address one of the abO‘e the foundanon‘ ls 23"00 tons‘ Afollowing otficers (depending on the information desired); few other St3Cl(S elsewhere 8T8 taller. but

P. D. EDGELL, General Manager, Properties and Industrial Development. . . St. Paul, Minn. n_°"e can compare ‘nth It In Sheer_ mas|=. J. asnv, Vice President—'l’raic...... .............. . ......St. Paul, Minn. §1“~‘"¢§$- ll °°"ld °°'"Pl°tel¥ ¢‘°"la'" theesonoe M. wssumoron, Vice President—Oil Development ..... . . .. . .BilIings, Mont. Washington monument. Horizontal wiresF. C. SEMPF, Manager, Industrial Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .St. Paul, Minn. across our picture ll they don’t ascend theJ. T. MOORE, Western Manager, Industrial Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seattle, Wash. side of the stack} are ¢0ndu(;[0|-5 of highS. G. MERRYMAN, Manager, Timber and Western Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Seattte, Wash. tension cm-rent in connection with theGeorge R. POW! Manager, Mining Properties and Eastern Lands. . . . . . . .St. Paul, Minn. Cottrell treater. which removes dust fromJ. W. HA W, Director, Agricultural Development Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Paul, Minn. qnoke in the ‘tack

Reneries at Billings Add ImprovementsContinued improvement of plant in- piped to the Montana Sulphur and will extract sulphur. The powerformer

stallations in Billings was featured in Chemical company at Billings which enables the refinery to make higher oc-

virtually simultaneous announcements tane gasolines."recently by the two major oil refinersthere

The Carter Oil company has placed"on stream" two modern processingunits to boost the quality of Diesel fuelsand to increase the output of high gradegasolines at its 23.000-barrel-per-dayrenery. A new 6.900-barrel—per-day in-stallation called a hvdrofiner. and a

2.500-barrel-per-day powerformer add

four big towers to the renery skyline—reaching as high as a seven-storybuilding. Heat exchangers. furnaces andcompressors add to the bulk of the im-provements.

. "Now we can manufacture automotiveand railroad Diesel fuels with a muchlower sulphur content. at the same timeincreasing our Diesel yields.” said l. .l.

Staid. of Billings. head of Carter's inali-ufacturing department. “Consistent withour policy of maximum utilization ofevery drop of crude.” Staid added.“gases which are left after the intricate l;2':r¥erH¥i2E?I;{N‘E§;le:'f';f“$20 lgrig; pany. whose plant now is being con-

rening processes are completed will be 0;] ¢on;pany,’Bi||in‘s_ improve producm structed.

2 On almost the same day. the Conti-

nental Oil company completed installa-- tion at its 10.000-barrel-per-day plant

of a new 5.000-barrel-per-day desulphu-rizer and a 2,500-barrel-per-day catalyticreformer.

, According to Larry Adee. Continentalrefinery technologist. these units will im-prove the quantity of high-quality. low-sulphur Diesel fuel. and will up-gradethe octane rating of the gasoline yield.

"This million-dollar expenditure."Adee said. "does not materially affectthe input capacity of our renery. ltis primarily an expenditure to improveproduct yield. However. it removes cer-tain technical bottlenecks and places us

in a position where an increase in cruderuns could be effected for a further ex-penditure of about 3250.000.”

The sulphurous residual gases fromthis unit also will be processed by theMontana Sulphur and Chemical com-

rm: nonrnwr-zsr. May-lune. use

pg,“-<‘¢,@ ‘.~~">~!vl_§" ‘. t

;_ _‘ . ‘ i

Fll-‘TEEN THOUSAND TONS OF ORE dail_v come out of in this mine and recent open-pit operations have increasedKelley mine, center. foreground, of Anaconda Copper Mining the compan_v’s production of copper. Headframes of thecompany. Butte. Mont. Newly applied “block-caving" methods l(elle_v’s two shafts are seen, with ore bins close behind them.

Big Expansion in Butte MiningDeveloping Low-Grade Copper Ore, Both Undergroundand in Open Pits, Requires Investment of Millions

“We could put 1.000 more miners to cently averaging almost 48 cents awork right now in our Butte operations. pound. Ten years ago it was 13.8 cents.Another 2.500 will be required by the A booming world economy acceleratedtime expansion presently being execut- the demand.ed has been Completed-” While copper output dropped at Butte

lt was an oilicer of the Anaconda “Om 253 milli0n pounds in 1940 I0Copper Mining company speaking, just slightly over 100.000 000 annually ,Seated in a big chair behind a Iargg after World War ll. it is beginning todesk in his office in MQn1ana’5 copper zoom again now. in 1955. some 164. _ icity, he was explaining recently new and U00-O00 P0lln<‘l$ Of 00Pp6r Came {T0111exciting things that are happening to the Bllll nlinf-< and pmdlllin Still i5 go-“'i°l‘es‘ hi" °" earth-” mg "P" RAILROADING UNDERGROUND is im-AThafs ‘he |0(-a]e of Butte, {he fa. Thomas Keller. a reporter for The portant Butte job. Electric locomotives

- . W ll St t L . I t ] haul cars each carrying about 5 tons ofinous wwn Whgch st"? on mp of lab“ “Tie A:fZC(;lI?é:n€0n:~p;0n€ nlipgrqf ore to hoist which lifts it to the surface.ous reserves o me a . .

The Creation Hf lhousands of the Butte hill is on the threshold of the. . . . . ,,

jobs naturally implies wonderful things blggesl expansion In "S history‘ were undertaken in small bodies of Orafor Butte. greatly increasing the employ- It freq“eml.‘»' is -‘aid no“ bi’ °mc@r5 They worked out satisfactorily andmem-I Where Pe°Pl" "Ul 1°"? 33° were ‘if the mmpany that miners will be wk‘ after approximately 30 miles of explor:saying that. alter more than 30 years of mg 0"‘ metal al Bum’ fm another 50 awry drilling a large section in south.digging. the old camp seemed to be play- §"‘aY5- eastern Butte, Containing 1()(),()()()_()()()ing out. Low-grade ore. which previously was tons of Org now has been marked out

Yes. production of copper declined Pa5§ed “P i" fa"°1' Ul richer 5l"- ls lhe in an area measuring 2,000 feet x 4.200for awhile. But Anaconda research peo- basls for much of the renewed act“”tY- feet for open-pit operations. The lo-ple. geologists and engineers were work- One of the things that implemented cation is called the Berkeley pit. altering on the problem. They found more the upsurge on the Butte hill is open an old mine shaft. The ore lies underore and better ways to handle it. Then pit mining. lt never was done at Butte from 100 to 300 feet of overburden.the price of rened copper went up. re- until two years ago. when trial runs The waste material to be removed even-TIIE NORTll"l‘IS'l‘. Nay-Juno, I956 3L

tually will total lT5.000,000 tons. The “Buttcis skyline has changed.” C. H. Butte will be transferred over cii;irely to

ore under this overburden is 100 to 350 Steele, vice president in charge of west~ open pit operations. There are over

feet deep and, in a few places. 600 feet. ern operations of the Anaconda com- 2,4-60 miles of underground passage-

Mining began in the Berkeley Pit dub piany. commented in a recent conversa- ways in the Butte hill. At the Mountain

ing DeCember_ 1955_ By early February tion. Con niine, for example, there now is

5.000 tons of ore were being removed “All Surface equipment on the Berke. V81" mlmng Otithi“ 4-‘.400-foot and 4,000-

daiil“ The rate will be up to 14000 ley side of the hi||_ such as budings foot levels. This is in addition to work

tons per day by early 1957 and 3_5()i) and the headframes which supported Sm"? 0" at hlgher elevallons» mclu‘l'

tons more daily will be added to the total Pllll¢‘)'5 and Cable Used f0T hislillg in lng the 600'f"°l le"el' M "0 other Place

of Berkeley ore by the end of that year. old shafts. has been removed because it l" ll"? World is ('°PP“r l"'°‘l"cll°" c°'“'The Open pit area Cuts across ]nca_ isn't |1q_=e(‘]@d no“; The landgcape looks ing from so many elevations. Anacorda

(inns “-he;-e n]d_ rich veins of ore were bare to old-timers accustomed to faniil- 0lllCl3l§ are very happy (WET the fat‘!

removed through shafts in llZ€ earth at lat" lleadfranles which "0 longer are lhal 0" the Presem 4'-4'00'f°°l l3"el al‘a time when the material being mined [here-ii most 3 mile "f drifting il"""eli"g aloft?

presently couldift be taken out ecoiioin- Material from the pits consists of 3 Y6‘-illl is 0" OTB lhal is Of 3 grade 35

ically. ln addition to the old Berkeley from one-half to one per cent of copper. high as that found on many upper lev-

shaft. the Pemisylvania, Silver Bow. Lntil recently. only vein mining un- els. Some is even higlier in grade. The

Tramway and St. Lawrence shafts are derground was done at Butte. That is. ore along that full mile of drifting av-

in the area of open-pit mining, rich veins several feet wide. which may erages 10 feet in width. lii other vein

iOPEN PIT MINING has helped implement upsurge in volume. RECENTLY INSTALLED CONVEYOR at Anaconda reduction-‘\l""'°» " Picture lake" 0" Ma!’ 5 Ill Berkeley Pl!» in south- works is shown. Foreground, ore terminal, tipple, crushingeastern Butte. Left, stripping overburden; right, mining ore. plant and start of conveyor. whose other end is near arrow.

| 0 extend for thousands of feet in length, mines at Butte—such as the Belmont.

1

‘ are drilled. blasted and hoisted to the Leonard and the Stewart—-—the develop-‘ surface. This kind of ore at Butte con- ment is said to be going along similarly.

lalns much mme C°PPe"~ ve Per cem A program called the Greater Butteor more. project has gained wide attention since

The Anaconda company is continuing the late l940’s. This name was applied: to mine from veins and, as shafts of to the Anaconda company’s expansionsome of the lI1lI‘.€S go ever deeper into program when the use of large low-

the earth. still richer ores are reported. grade reserves rst was brought to the

' The daily production from such sources attention of the public.is being increased as rapidly as possible. The rs; siep in {he Greater Bung

'5 . . . . .

\- The company long maintained a rec- |)l'0_|t‘(‘l was the l\elley mine and shaftord for developing a ton of underground on the Butte hill. The Kelley shaft. one

reserves for every ton of ore removed. of the world’s largest vertical mine

This l‘istoric pattern at Butte still holds 'penings. has been sunk 2.737 feet in-

§ true. ln fact. the rate has been exceeded. to ll\(‘ earth. A modern concreted piece

Enough underground ore in rich veins of i-oiistructioii. which rst was put iii-has been blocked out to keep the miners to use in 1052, it serves levels now asQ going for many years. far down as 2.000 feet. Mining present-

THE CONCRETED KELLEY SIIAFT has - - 9 - . ' . ‘ _f ,been unk 2 737 re" dee Mon ‘he So, it isn t true, as rumors have in ly is leing done on 600 oot, 1,300 foot,

rear WSHII arelpowen air 8II(‘I,.Wale|' ‘lines, dicated falsely from time to time, that 1.600-foot and 2.000-foot levels. The

4 THE NORTHWEST. May-June, I956

i

1

presence of ore at lower levels is known.The reserves have been computed to the3.400-foot level and there actually ismore ore below that. This shaft even-tually will be sunk to at least 3.800 feet..-\ii auxiliary shaft which has been putdown to a depth of 2.165 feet is used tohandle men and supplies for the largerhoisting shaft.

The Kelley mine taps a great bodyof oiie-to-oiic-aiid-a-half-per-cent ore un-derground. The production from thismine. starting at 600 tons daily in 1952.now is up to 15.000 tons of ore per day.lt is known that there are 180000.000tons of this low-grade ore in the mine"inzivbe more.

In order to remove it economically.the r\t1Zt('0lt(lZl company introduced massblock-caving underground methods.Block caving is not new. but it hadn'tbcen used in Montana previously. lt isll method of mining in which largeblocks of ore, 60 feet x 150 feet x 300feet high. are undercut and then cavedunder control. The ore. shattered andbroken up. falls into chutes. from whichit is loaded into five-ton niine cars fordelivery to the Kelley shaft, where it ishoisted to the surface.

The l\'vlley ore, as well as that in theBerkeley pit, consists of myriads ofsmrill. stringer veins (sometimes calledhorse tail veins) on the outskirts of theold. richer veins which have been re- ORE FALLS INTO OPEN-TOP CARS from 7,500-ion bins at the Kelley mine at

- ' , ' V - ' Butte for trip by rail to Anaconda. Mont. location of Anaconda Copper Mining com-lfil2l}:e“(;;ung?]5]i tllllllgqs‘ pany smelter. The company has invested ,$30.000,000 to develop low-grade Butte ore.. . \. . . .

could he used to recover them profit-ablv.

Prospecting furthe Greater Butte pmj_ {road hapll‘. A Ill€'\\' plaigt fwas built. too. is Pi'eciPitated onto slioiltle iron and. " tie ore e ore it is con- the resulting metallic copper. along with. I or crus in, Flit llfffcilgalgzzrl1g?;4rT::ep:i;::l(:: veyed up to concentrator bins located sulphides that are in the shines. is con-0 0' . ' 8 ‘ .

. ._.ed' nd For at the higher level. centrzited by flotation. ln the flotation:;1(ii:’\iEme in0ne"v invzsb “'35 fnund the l0“'.gfade Ores’ PTOCCSS, 3 froth i5 fOI'nl€(l. The sulphides

‘mi I H ' .' dt d 1 th resulting both from the Greater Butte and the Yhelallh‘ COPP‘-‘T oat °h ‘helllf‘ll I35 )€f‘|I I'(‘(]lllI'€ O CV€ Op (‘SC . . .- lnbbles of this fr‘ th but thP bubbleslow-grade ore bodies. to equip the Kel- Project and {Tom lb? Subsequently ml ). a .I ‘ . d .d h f .l.. tiated opeii-pit mining, as contrasted “hill P"l\ "P 3",‘ °f the “ash? ma‘ev iniiie an to provi e ot er aci ities . . - --

- _ 'th h h- d. f th l l9"3l-for handliii" tli iv “l- lg gra P ore rom 8 argee iie ore. -P , _ ‘ems, °°hh"h much “°PP'3T 5"lPhat“- Butte’s production, from 1880 un-Ore from the hill is concentrated

. “This material.” Vice President Steele til lhh “l°5" Of 1054- has amhuhted l°and snielted at Anaconda a cit locatedi Y - - - ., th t 14.000.000.000 ds t26 miles from Butte. Numerous changes pointed out “hen Speakm.° '0 a group more a pmm 0b _ d \ d , _ of business men a short time ago, “be- "°PPer~ 4'-000-000-000 Phuhds “f Zim-are em" ina" 6 a f "am" a’ Costmg In cause of its high acidity and solubilitv 700-000-O00 lmuhds of l9a‘l- 600-O00-‘";‘C°>‘5 of '-C-"5-Ollo-lloa F°rm91'lY oh ah made it necessary {O alter the cancel; 000 ounces of silver. 2.225.000 ouncesrival by rail at Anaconda, the ore had Hating process so that the 0re_ after ,,f g0]d and 2_50(),()()()_()()() pounds ofto he iulled u ir- 't< t t h - - ' ' -'

| p a e (Ill ius rou e o t e crushmg ls washed and the Copper su]_ manganese in the form of Ohldtf nodules.top of a hill. only 1T carloads at a time. - - .- - Thphate goes into solution and with slimes 9 (‘hd is hol "cl ih slghh Oh the ooh‘to the smelter. It was expensive and present in the m;x;ure_ is treated in an trary. it seems to be a very long way off.ll'h‘*"""5uhhh{1- NO“ 3 Sectihhal Con" acid circuit. The washed material then Butte started as a placer mining camp"Pym hell 3400 feel long lust has been goes into an alkaline circuit similar to with the discovery of gold in 1861. Thehulh and hlslalled Y0 ITGIISPOFI OTB Up that used for regular Butte ores. lii the gold placers were neither rich nor ex-the hill. lt eliminates a nine-mile rail- acid circuit. copper from the sulphate teiisive and the camp was almost aban-THE NORTHWI-IFT. ."u_\'-Iullv, I956

5

I___

T“'O KELLEY llOlSTS LIFT thousands of tons daily from inside the “richest hillon earth.“ A third hoist at this mine handles men and supplies. The main hoist,seen above, and the two auxiliaries are run by electricity, totaling 7,500 horsepower.

doned when rich silver ores were dis- largest and most important of these is

covered and mined extensively through an east-west system. usually called the

the 80’s. The presence of copper ores Anaconda vein system. Ore shoots inwas recognized quite early, but sulphide these veins are long. up to 100 feet wide,copper ores could not then be smelted in extending to depths of over 4,000 feet,

the United States. and smelting prac- and they are rich and continuously min-tice had to be developed to make them eralized. ln western and central parts ofof economic importance. However. dur- the Butte district these veins are gener-

ing the 90’s copper ores were smelted ally large and massive, but on the east

at Butte. The smelter at Anaconda start- side of the hill the veins split and di-ed operations in 1902. verge lo form "horse tail" structures.

The Butte district is only about two x- The Butte ore deposits are ssure ll-four miles in area. The ore deposits are ings and replacement deposiqs of hydro.steeply dipping ssure veill \\'l1lCl'I 00- thermal origin. More expansion of pres-cur in three great vein systems. The ent activity is expected.

Lean Pork Chops On Pulouse Pigs

College Men Developed Breed for Present Needs

Like nice lean pork chops? Nearly the newly crossed hogs. has been used.

everyone does. Here's a pig that pro- The Palouse hogs, which are white induees them without a lot of wasteful color. have been accepted as a breed by

trimming. the lnbred Livestock Registry associa-

lt’s a new breed——called the Palouse ll""- al Sh Paul» Min"-developed during the last ll years at The new pigs gain 1.3 pounds per

Washington State college. at Pullman. day. Their carcasses are from one to

Animal husbandry experts at the col- l“'" lhches longer lha" Chesler whilelege in 1945 obtained three Landrace ('arCa5595- They °'a")' ve P°“hd5 Perboars’ which are Danish |,0gs_ The head less lard and from two_ to three

Danes were specializing in lean bacon Per cehl more Weight in the 1mP°rlahland ham long before Americans decided 1'-l1l$—5"¢l1 as l0i"- hams and ht-"30",

PALOUSE HOG CARRIES more leanmeat, according to Elden Andrews, left,herdsman, and Dr. S. H. Fowler, swinespecialist at Washington State college.

new kind of pigs. ln the rst all-breedswine type conference held in the PacicNorthwest (Colfax. Wash.. September.1955! the Palouse made an excellentshowing in competition against good

representatives of most of the old well-established purebreds. ln the on-the-hoofcontest for pens of three barrows. a pen

of Palouses was placed second by JudgeRollie Pemberton, and a carcass fromone of these three pigs was declared re-

serve champion carcass from the pens ofthree and was described by the carcass

judge, Dr. llan Brady. of the liniversit_\of Missouri. as "the hog carcass of to-morrow.” ln the individual lightweightbarrows, Palouses took rst. second andfth places, with the rst place hogbeing declared reserve champion of theopen show and going on to be declaredthe reserve champion carcass from theindividual classes.

The Palouse was named after thelarge wheat-and-dry-pea-growing sectionof eastern Washington and northernldaho. where much of the hog produc-tion of the Pacic Northwest occurs.Farmers of this area are said to preferan all-white hog. Several have obtainedfoundation stock of the Palouse.

Busy Signal Heardat Billings

they wanted less fat. These were crossed Illa" llle Parent “'16- 501119 liners T9‘ On March 1. 1956. people in Billings.

with Chester White females. a domestic quire under 300 pounds of feed to makebreed. lnbreeding was begun in 19.1.6 I00 pounds of gain—which indicates

Mont.. had 26.542 telephones in use

compared with 23.82‘) a year earlier and

and since 19-1-T no other stock. except high efliciency in the use of fced by the only 9.04-8 on the same date in 1943.

6 THE NORTHWEST, May-June, I956

This Veneer ls Unusual ProductIdaho Company, at Post Falls, Has Wide Demand fromMakers of Plywood, Millworlr, Furniture and Others

The Idaho Veneer company. which John I". Gregor, president of the“HS lorlllell at P0-st Falls, Ida-, (ml) Idaho Veneer company. chuckled aboutlllr’ )'¢‘i1F>' 112*» has 0'16 Of Ill? few an incluiry that came to his desk in thel>li1"l>' 3")“'l"’|'9 engaged I" wllillg llli" ilailv mail recently. /\ man in >'cot|and-"ll"?-‘i fr"'" l""'“§' Pine I" "lake "l“'l"'3 sent ll letter in which he ziskeil. “llavcnishing wood for surfacing interior . . - ' 9

walls. doors. cabinets and furniture. _;mm,_= ) )The "'“'"Pa"yi’ force’ C°“SlSti“g “f The Idaho Veneer coinpanv makes

55 employees. is kept going full tilt to '

ll ‘:rderSlnUt ‘ml; fmmf se‘ierall_“'est and 100 inches long. Clear second-coas protucers w 0 sur ace on lll3I‘\ I |- - f -) H )

_ _ - grovvti w iite pine rum trees n( to Nplywood with knotty pine, hut also from

\ou any naughty pine. I want to liuy

cants either six or I2 inches square

years old is preferred with live red ,mmwurk makers and furniture mam!‘ lu DI‘ n more than aniinth in size 1\ "0HI'TlN‘(; :ld0 ii about "Io II-igli“e. ' s o , ‘ . . s - - is ' _>facturers both near and far. bome as H 520- or ms‘ I - n mg "in?" h " "dead I(Il(I is black and inav dro) out. I“ (""'g""' p"°“'I"“' "I l‘l"h" ""mI"'"-"'far awav, in fact. as the Atlantic. the ' ‘ ' l 'Gulf ake‘ the Great Lakes an_a' and leaving only a knot hole. So. Gregor and

Canada huv from the concern at Post his s°"S‘i"'la“" Leonard A‘ Mallm"|;a“_ ' .secretary-treasurer and plant superin-

,. tendent of the com )3Il\'. and Robert W.lhe Idaho Veneer company and Pot- l 'lam] Forests’ Inc", at L€“_iSmm the Xlalloy, vice president. insist on quality.only producers of knotty veneer using I“ the Plant "ants are 5l"a'"e‘l I"Idaho white pine logs. either purchased "loislen the “'°‘"l- Th?" ll‘eY K" to 3or cut from their own timber. A few Slicer liralher ‘hall 3 P“9ll"¥ lall"'l-makers of knotty pine veneer, such as “'l""'*' 3 Mg kllife lakes “H ml" laYer~‘- ‘-Ihe ]’{@|](Iri(-kg v(~||@e[ (-()n]p3||y'_ a[ Puy. Tl]? IIIOSI C()l1IIIll)ll IIIICI(H€5§P§ 8|? one-gillup, W;1§l]__ and o[h9r§_ buy (-;1|][,<_ /\ twentieth Zllitl (ill?-SiXl€6I1Ill (if an inch.log with a slab .sawed from each of its The slices go through a drier and arefour sides is a cant. shipped then. tied in liundles. or they

, _.A_$._V‘;§__ ,

» ax,

‘ _I_|()Il\I‘.|I .\U[)l'.D T0 I'|.ANT equipmentinakcs 50-inch faces of glued strips. saysLeonard §Ia||o_v. above. company oiccr.

\

XIACHINI-I POWER EXPEDITES JOB of “bucking. sorting and decking" logs at SOMETHING LIKE A BAND-AID. Rob-mill owned and operated by the Idaho Veneer company. Post Falls. Ida. This rm er! Malloy. vice president. above. said ofiiscs Idaho white pine purchased. or cut from its own timber to make its products. company's handy strip of nishing veneer.'l'l|E \l)R'I‘lI“'l-I.\'T. May-Inn:-, I956

7

are put through a joining machine. up to the high standards required in on the west bank of the Yellowstonewhich glues together small strips at the making veneer.” Gregor said. river. A siding extending from theedges so pg;-feetly that Sometimes you An interesting accessory made liy the Northern Pacic Railway’s main linewonder where the line between two Idaho company is a glued strip of n- will be constructed to serve the plant.pieces really is. Fifty-inch faces of glued lslrlng veneer lust right to 8° enle the The original plant installation willstri s are the most common. raw edge °r a lable, 3 dresser drawer er consist of a sin le boiler and one steam- iP . . E

The company has expanded three 5l1el"lr‘8- Trlls Preduel eaves aPPlYl"g 3 electric generator. The boiler will be

times during its short life span. First m0ldmg' Tapewood ls its nami? It has blllll and lrlslalled bY Cembuelle" Err‘me drier was enlarged and a joiner and P3Per °Ver lhe glue The user Jlrsr "P5 gineering, Inc., and will operate at 1,350dipper were edded_ Then the eompanyvs dd llre PaPer and aPPlle5 the slrlp or pounds pressure and 955 degrees Fahren-

_ veneer. somewhat tli a e l ld -warehouse was nished a little more ' - i-is m as ‘C wou hell steam temperature‘ Under theseb d- d h h d. - - ~ - ~man NOW, min, Pure an er 0" ls an conditions, it Wlll produce 4-25,000

modern, electrically powered plant, to ' ° ° pounds of steam per hour‘ The boilersaw cants and make lumber has been I-lgnne an;1vfu.m3Ci.ar? diislglned fk0.r thehilse ofIiuilt and put into operation. Produce POWGI‘ Pu lenze lgmte u.e ’ ma. mg} 1.5 odeof the few plants in which lignite is

We conslder ll rlecessary lo be l" M0nlBI1a'Dal<0!8 Ulllilie company burned to make electricity Natural ga-the milling business in addition to mak- will begin the eonsiruetjon of a new will be used as an auxiliary fee] and in‘"8 "e"eer 5° We can TBCOVBI 0!! OUT II1- steam-electric generating plant about emergencies. ln that location it is said' ' Q I u ~-vestment in logs which don t quite come June 1 two miles south of bidney, Mont., that power can be produced as cheaply

liy lignite as with hydro energy.

The turbine-generator will be a 44.-000 kilowatt unit furnished by the Cen-eral Electric company. lt will operateat 1,250 pounds pressure and 950 de-grees Fahrenheit steam temperature.More generating capacity may be add-ed later.

The plant is being designed by EbascoServices, liic., which will also supervisethe construction. Plant design will fol-low closely the design of the R. M.Heskett station near Mandan. N. D..completed by Montana-Dakota lltilitiescompany early in 1955. This large-capacity plant is being constructed to

l provide for the estimated increase ini the use of electric power during the nextl 10-year period. Preliminary operation

of the plant will begin in the fall of

i§;*§.T,§i..°li.i‘.i§ii".§'Zi1§‘..?i.§iiAi‘oEniiiiillifiiil°.?.§‘L.i"?i"i§§§‘“§hZi-’,‘I'i‘IiZ.il°'i'i§Z£§i§ 1958’ l’"‘ ‘he °°"‘Pl°‘° i“*“=‘l'““°“ °lbehind the operator seated on chair, slices o' thin strips, seefi in piles at ‘he right. lrle coal burning and coal handling

equipment will follow during the twoyears thereafter. The cost of the facili-ties as outlined is estimated to be ap-proximately $8,000,000.

He Grows ll Miles ofTrees on One Farm

Kenneth Morgan, in Richland county.southeastern North Dakota, has 11 milesof windbreaks, all planted to trees, onhis 1,280-acre farm. Morgan says treesreduce his soil losses due to wind ero-sion. He has 450 acres in grasses. too,which add humus and hold the soil onwindy days. One hundred and sixty

VENEER GOES FROM SLICER to drier, wh r m i t ii articially r mo d qu' k- - -

ly before the strips are joined, sanded and t‘i'ii:nmieds.‘gr:m:: buyers takeestrip unj:in- Herefords convert his grass mm mealed. Company, started three years ago, employs 55 and has expanded three times. dlld money-8 TIIE NORTHWEST, M¢y—]Hn¢, I956

Wonder Crop Now Pushing North into Newer AreasAcreage of Soybeans, the Farm Product with 101 Industrial Uses, Becoming larger EveryYear in Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota; More Expansion Coming

The crop with 101 industrial uses, thesoybean, is expanding its domain again,as it has so many times in the past. Nowit is invading North Dakota and centraland northern parts of Minnesota.

Here are recent statistics showing in-vreases in soybeans in eastern NorthDakota and western Minnesota:

NORTH DAKOTAAcres of Soybeans Planted

(Iounly I949 I955 I956Richland ............. ..ll,065 42,000 55,(X)0(lass ................... .. 8,127 27,000 35,000Traill .............. .. , 575 6,000 10,000

Grand l'i<=rk.s 148 1,000 2,000Walsh 0 800 1,500Penibina .............. ._ 20 500 1,000

The State 21.000 80,000 108,000

MINNESOTA»\cres of Soybeans Harvested

crop was sold for $4-.20 per bushel andBellin was in the soybean business forgood, having grossed some $33,000 onhis rst venture.

Bellin retired from farming in1953. He had accumulated 1,600 acresof good Richland county land, free fromdebt, and “soybeans did it all,” saidNorth Dakota’s rst successful commer-cial grower oi the crop.

ln 194-7, Gylland Brothers, large iarinoperators in Richland county, NorthDakota, planted 190 acres of soybeans.They have expanded this to 300 acres atthe present time. Two newer and moredependable varieties, the Capital and theOttawa Mandarin, have been raised.The former produced 25 bushels peracre in 1954- and will be used almost ex-clusively by the Cyllands in the future.

Gylland Brothers have said that, be-sides being a good cash crop, “Soybeans

‘ ' ‘ are not excelled when cleaning up weedyCoun ' I949 I950 1955U SOYBEANS PA") for his farm. R. H. land. They pI'0(lllC€ better than C0111,0 ,. _ . -3' Bellin shows here liow tall beans grow they are easier to keep clean. Why, they\0l'l"3" -----»~~-2-300 4,700 15-300 in Richland county, North Dakota soil. even outgrow quack grass!”('lay 9 100 15 000 31800\\"ilkinl-W. iiiii l0:300 381300 Hundreds of farmers in the RedTraverse ....8.700 17,400 51,300 River valley now have followed the lead_<,,,.,,,, __6_900 12,500 52500 there are more than enough_ and’ in f>fBellin§ndGyllI1dBr0lhers- In 1955.l’0P<? -------------------- .- 3400 5900 26.700 addition, beans are moving out of the It was esilmatfad that one of every threeOttertail .. .. 200 700 7,500 stale quite readily to the crushing fa(;- farmers m Rlchland collnly producedBaker 200 1,300 4500 {mics in Minnesota» soybeans. Improved varieties have re-

The State 767.000 1,148,000 2,3l6.000 The return per bushel t farmer placed older’ more hazardous ones’Q S - -Ca ital, Manchu and Chi ewa, arefrequently has exceeded the government reclimmended in Richland Egd Wilkin

Three immediate reasons have been loa" 1'3le- which ceTl3i"lY 15"“ true l" - Th Id f 12' counties. e ie rom to 35largely responsible for the increases. the Case of some cr°P$- Rece"Y at y y - - - -- b h l . Th lOnt; is the Search by farmers for a de_ Wahpeton, N. D., the cash price was tusthels Pfegg-(56 eggssason is siFrn1 ar

Pendablmsh "OP '0 WPY "la $2'55E°"‘*’““°“ ""*‘ ‘he ‘°‘*°"“ “’*’P°" J1. ..°...I1..... .iZ.°Zi tall: §§l.'l.ti.§°K'.have diverted under the federal price °f $1-/5 . .support program, from wheat. New, Although the stale experiment sm_ Traill and Norman counties, along thehigh-yielding, quick-maturing varieties tion at Fargo has grown soybeans in Red River’ still “ewe? kinds are sug-developed by plant scientists are an- trial plots for many years, R. H. Bellin. geétedz Early Mandannf Norsoy’ Norother reason. The increasing demand for of Mantador, N. D., in Richland county. chlef and Gram‘ They yleld from 10 to

l beans as a raw material for industry isQ

was the rst farmer to go into them on 30 bushels per acre. And then, on up to.till another. anything more than a small basis. He the Ca_"adla_n line’ Flambeau’ Acme and

K. W_ Quaintance rnanager of the started out condenlly, in fact, planting Norchlef’ wlth a 79-day 80_.day range'grain department of the North DakotaMill Si Elevator, at Grand Forks, whichhas a soybean processing division, madethis signicant statement: “Soybeanshave been moving farther north eachyear. Five or six years ago we had ahard time nding enough grown inNorth Dakota to operate our plant. NowTHE NORTHWEST, May-lune, 1956

350 acres his very rst year, which was are the °h°5°“ kinds, Yleldmg around1937. Seed of two varieties, Minsoy and 12 bushels Per 5°"-Habaro, composed most of the crop “Plant breeders are developing stillthis soybean pioneer in the area raised. better varieties for those northern

The return appeared almost fabulous. areas,” D13 -1- W- Lambefb Scientist atBellin obtained about 3,()()() bushels of the University of Minnesota, said recent-beans, the Minsoy variety producing 32 ly. “This newer plant material is verybushels per acre that season. The entire promising.”

9

y to California. Actualli the bulk of it is

Pacic Coast Hcis $20,000,000 Oyster Industry250 Producers Plant "Seed" on from Five to 3,000 Acres Each andThen They "Grow," "Cultivate" and "Harvest" Their "Crop" ofFlavorsome Osfrea Gigas; Labor of Over 1,500 People is Required

lf you think you would like to searchfor valuable pearls someday. better nottry the north Pacic coast.

\ 1.4

Experts who know about such thingsadvise that while pearls are not iieces- ‘

sarily scarce in Pacic oysters ta few l

are found each week in the variousopening housest, those which do ap-pear are of neither commercial value norgem quality.

Of course, the oysters themselves arevaluable. Along the Pacic ocean anindustry worth really a tidy suni—aboutS20,U0(l.ll0(l7llaS been built up. Coni-mercial production, after processing anddelivery, brings in $lO.()(lO,()t)() or moreevery year.

The industry extends from Alaska

located in Washington and Oregon. although a few beds are in production atKetchikan and a few more are foundon the coast of British Columbia. Fur-

“L

thermore, California has a small oyster T“'()-YEAR-0l.D PA(II‘Fl(I OYSTERS (JROWTNC from imported Japanese seed on

‘.'"'"S">'- f~";,i‘?'t lag ;;-;d1»§@-1_@xpa-;-1- f._,';*“.'S.‘I."tt_.'-‘,"f|'..l‘.".1,“'ii§1i’C‘3.§Iil‘;!|‘§'|5.2'.2"..§’.i‘.Z";.I13 ~‘v‘:*::.':. '1i'.IT.‘i‘.,“.2;‘;:.2.§f..f;‘“£."i“;;i.T!mg, ESPCCIB ) 1“ um 9 t ‘3)- not 37 (.har|es E. Woelke, “'ashington biologist: Dr. Taken lmai. Toholui ilnivi-rsit_v. Japan.from the Oregon line, and in Morrohay below and Tomales hay ahm-e San tioiis, that the price recedes rapidly, and CM

, tFranciscog Golden (}ale_ gures as low as $25 an acre sometimes ' _ f°‘*=r=~.,,

_ \ \ . .. - - ' _ 1.‘ll"“"_,.

There are some 250 commercial pro- ‘m' heard‘ 3: ., -1.-:a "

. . a, *9 i‘ducers of oysters on the Pacic coast, The hhal "“""~‘hh""l 1" Pr°P"rl.\'- ~~-=i.-ii~.='§"'= .' , -- '

are Called “growers” Or, somelimeé’ equipment and live oysters in the pro- i 3‘.

“farmers.” The)‘ “Cultivate” their croli. cess of vrowinv into marketable stock 4"’ -‘ Q '

which is “p]ahled” on “land” [hey leash amounts to about 5$2().t)()().00(). Growers "'==., l

or own. It is tide land which is under ha“? 5P'3ht for ‘Wsler seed: "Y Shah hh‘water much of the day—sonietiiiies se\'- P°rle‘l {mm Japan and ‘lehvered at .,,_ '\ \eral feet. During a low tide the water Pacic P°Tl5: 3" average Of 3l‘0llml ’:"“~-, ‘

recedes completely for a few hours, or $650900 3 Year the Past few Year5- l

is at least quite shallow on the preferred W’aghingt0n hag 175 commercial /

areas. The best oyster property, in fact. growers. There are eight or 10 coniiiier- °3‘:?;§‘;-Y. ’ ‘ l

is said to have a silty surface and you cial operators in Oregon. at Coos bay. 4' '1:--..,____W \\ /“l

sh0uldn’t sink into the mud at low tide Tillamook bay and at Yaquina, and ve I \\ /

any above your ankles. or more in California. British Columbia ' \ L_Along the Coast of Washington’ prim has upwards of 25 growers and several ~=- M u i \ -

ciPallY in Puget Sound. Grays harbor small ‘Wsler °Pehh‘g h°"5e5- with ‘W0 ‘cs i , \-aiid Willapa harbor. where the lion’s 01' three large °Peral°T5- Kelchikalh \'\””""", /,share of the production of the flavor- Alaska, has (me-

Some Pacic °Y5l6T, Of 081"!!! gigs. In W3Sl1il1gl()ll a few commercial sh- if M P

occurs, the best of the land on which ermen have from ve to 15 acres ofthe crop grows coiiiniands pretty fancy oysters apiece as a sideline. Quite a

each having ve acres or more They including land. processing. facilities - “°“ /‘A '*\

ti r \ 3\\\ .

\ 7‘. ~.vx ,

A/Q

;~/he

.. 1

¢

prices—sometinies $1.000 an acre. lt number of people, however, spend all PARK. SPOTS ON MAP “lung fl“ °°"’."- - . . . . . . including Puget Sound, show the mainI5 "U6-, ll0“@\6f, in less fa\ ored loca- their time raising. harvesting and selling mmme,.,,;a| Se,.|;0,,,, for lracic n_,.,.|,,,.__-_

10 THE NORTHWEST, May-June. I956

oysters. The acreage varies widely. A up an appetizing main dish for her visitor in his office located in Seattle.few individuals and a few companies family’s meal. "The industry has had 3 hard timehave 1.000 acres or more each. Several Pacific Oysters reach widely Separated living down that false rnrnor,” Pollockhrths ha"? "P“'3rd5 or 3-000 391135 Or markets. It isn’t just a matter of satisfy- @Xpl8ln@(l- “lt is only that oysters alongmore. R. N. Ftteele. of the Rock Point ing 8 local rlemant-l_ Folks in Iowa, in late June begin to spawn and fromOyster company. Blanchard. Wash.. Texas, Minneapolis, St, Paul, Chicago, then until September they are not quite“h° l-‘ Pre$lrh‘"t hr the Parlhc Coasr Philadelphia, New York and many other as meaty and the consistency is softer.Oystcr Growers association. which is places are acquiring 3 taste for Pacic or less rm. There never is anythingvery much an active organization w0rl<- Oyster products, really distasteful or harmful about an

ingthfor the ifn(l1;.uSgyi:twilfaref’ gird who Take Washington canned oyster stew, ‘llsler kel-tr refrigerated ahd Clea"-”ls e S?" 0 dzi da _‘ ff fl’ 0 d ymlija’ as one example. Three rms are making In 1908 Dr. Trevor Kincaid. of3.50" h gran a l 0 I e mo em .3‘ it. The largest one, the Hilton Seafoods, the l'ni\'ersity of Washiiigtoii spent acic oyster trade. has 1.500 acr s 1 - . . . . . . .(hiding piece of approach land ew’hi§h lnc., at Seattle. Wl1lCl"l.ll1Cl(l6Iltall)'. pays considerable. period of time in Japan,

. . . . out $100,000 a year just for local milk giving special study to the Japaneseglles him access to his plammgs' to go into this soup. is selling 80 per methods of growing oysters. At that

The Pacic °)'5h’r- """h"l55euh‘ cent of its output in carloads that go time oyster culture in the Sendai599'“ agreed’ has a more pronounced east of the Mississippi river. One of the area. “here our imported seed comeshamr than has the Ahahhc coast hysteh three makes frozen stew in addition to from now. was in its infancy. butThe Pahlhc hysfer gm“? to larger 5lze§' its regular canned stew. Qix Washington they had found this area had wonder-l""- Al "°r'"al Jharkermg age’ h takes companies are preparing frozen whole ful possibilities in reproduction. Fromhm" 60 to J40 lyaclhcf lo make 3 gahoh oysters. One packs frozen oyster sticks. that time. samples of this oyster.after shuckmg lthat is. after removingthem from the shell). From 150 to 200of the eastern kind are found in a gallon.

The annual production in Wash- —-- — 3‘. _,_ington amounts to 1.500.000 gallons.which are worth from $3.90 to $4.40per gallon at wholesale. or about$6.000,000. Growers speak of oysters, 3

before sliuckiiig. in bushels. lt takes acouple of bushels. maybe a little more,to make a gallon of sliucked meats. Thegrower receives from 80 cents to $1.35a bushel. as is, on the ground, depend-ing on accessibility and quality of theoysters. lf he harvests and delivers toa shucking station. the price goes up to \\T\~.\‘$1.50 or $1.75 per bushel.

A smart, careful grower may harvest600 to T00 bushels per acre, perhaps

6"?" '"°"*= but the 1°85 adet“ °P°"‘°'» DISCUSSING PACIFIC ovsrsn TRADE are, it-rt to right, Charles R. Pollock, secre-on mediocre land. seems to have trouble tar)’, Pacic Coast Oyster Growers association; V’. Arnold “'arin_g, general manager,getting 100 bushe]S_ gainers Oyster compan_v;. R. N. Steele, president of the association; and Edyvard J.

ruble, nee president, Hilton Scafoods Lo., Inc.. Seattle. Steele has an extra big shell.Western Washington has 65 shucking

iifh Uheningt plamstailld Ogonlllas 12' Five packers in the state put up canned /oslrea gigtls) either in spat formr ons uer can um on Om ‘a P Pacic oysters, not frozen. and there are or adult oysters. were imported and:10 gallons each_of shuckl oysuir 12 Washington distributors marketing planted in various places aroundalt ome ?perale_ Connecnoh W“ fresh ovsters. One of them, the Haines Puget Sound. While production was

Other hwcessmg faclhues Oyster company, which does the largest slow their indicated adaptability to theMarketing has changed rapidly J" volume, is a cooperative owned by 42 cool waters of the Sound and the hays

the last four or ve Year5- While fresh growers. E. H. Bendiksen, seattle, Wie- included therein was proven.oysters predominated at one time, now gardt Brother5_ Se3ttle_ the Coagt Oyster Growth potential being pmvem thl.lheY ‘3°"‘Prl5e ‘ml?’ 50 Per Cent °r less c°mPa"Y- South Behd- Wash-w ahd Others curious fact developed that very littleof the sales. Frozen oysters, oyster stew also produce large quantities of oyster rr-prorlur-tit," Occurred except in lnra.tsome of it frozen). canned, smoked products. timis where temperatures of 63 degree;and pickled oysters are commanding the That old saying about Oysters being Fahrenheit or more were held fnr 3 pe-housewife’s attention. TWO completely good to eat only in months that have an riod of from four to six weeks, Therenew western products coming onto the r in them is purely and Simply 3 myth, are few such areas in the Pacic coastalmarket now are frozen Pacic oyster Charles R, Pollock the affable secretary. areas where oysters are grown.sticks and frozen breaded oysters. They treasurer of the Pacic Coast Oyster E. N. gteele and John C. Barnes inmake it pretty easy for the cook to whip Growers association. recently told a 1924 imported over 4-00 cases of Japa~

~»;~_

<=.r;,\~

'l'lll-I NURTIIWI-ZST. Mn)‘-Iunv, I956

it necessary to break up the clusters ofyoung oysters still secure on the oldshells to which they were attached as

spat. This is largely a hand operationwhich is done by going over the tideland with one or another sort of sharptool made for that job. lt is called cul-tivating. Some are thinned out, withpart of them being moved to othergrowing areas.

ln from three to ve years alterplanting, the crop is harvested. Usuallyan operator makes consecutive yearly

‘ plantings so that he has part of his landbearing a harvest every year.

The harvest is accomplished in sev-eral ways. Sometimes bargcs are towed

OYSTER SOUP lS MADE for canning in plant of Hilton Seafoods Co., lnc., above. ‘O the (lysfer land and fmcllored whenE. ll. Bendikscn. Seattle, Coast Oyster company, South Bend, Wash., Wiegardt [he llde 15 111- Wh9111l1Pl1d€ T666095-1l1PBrothers, §cattlc. and others also produce oyster products. Carloads are sent east. barges rest on the §oi|_ Oystefg are

scooped onto the deck. After the tide/ \ ing director. Malcolm B. Edwards, an hows agam’ the harges oat and areexperienced Oyster man’ on two air towed. to a shucking plant. where the

trips yearly to Japan to make sure thc load ls schhllefl Om" 3 heh mh"?y°r'seed meets the sellers’ promises. Also. The Shuc_klhg lshohe hy hand‘ “hh ahe inspects it for disease and harmful sharp kmfe’ havmg a_spec1al handle’ topara5iteS_f0r an alert must be main_ cut the muscle attaching the live oystermined against these hazards wherever to the shell.‘ Sometimes raw oysters areSeed is Obtained The State department steamed a little 1n the shell. This makes

of sheries in Washingtoii also sends a them Open up ea5lly'biologist m Japan each year to make Other growers scoop up the matureinspections. crop mechanically, with a tractor. Still

Male oysters about spawning time others use large wire baskets and tubs.emit 3 hormone into the Soa_ This, Sci- which are lled and then hoisted aboardentists believe, alerts the female, who 3 lmat Will‘ Dle5el‘P°“'ere(l mecha“l5m-releases millions of microscopic eggs in Dredging scows also are in "56- The)’the form of larvae which are propelled move Zigzag Over 3 b9d= dT°PPl"g 3through the water until they are ferti- W1"? bucket which 5@"e5 as 3 dredge-lized by sperm shod into the area by scooping up the oysters on the bottom.males. After several weeks of growth There are still growing on the

DREDGE5 HARVEST mam“, oysters, and development, the larvae attach coast oysters native to the area. One of=_I1>o\'e- from 116115 under WHl¢l'- Basket themselves to fragments of old oyster them, the Olympia, gures in commer-'s p“"°‘l °l°"g ‘he surface °l ‘he bed‘ shells which have been suspended in cial production. It is biologically named

the water on strings or wires fastened oslrea Iurida. lt is a very small oyster.to racks. Now the larvae become seed, having a delicate flavor, which makes it

"956 0)'$l9f 5@ed- Each Year an lncfea’ or spat. which actually are tiny oysters. a favorite at hotels and bars as a fresh1" 1mP0Tl@d Seed oysters 0CClll‘T¢d- 35 ln this form they are crated and loaded cocktail. Presently the Olympias are0111915111 011161‘ 31888 Slfled oyster beds topside on ocean freighters for their raised near Olympia, Wash, at Oysterand Pl1TCl1356d $6ed- l 1933 and 1934 trip to America from Japan. Seamen bay and at Eld inlet, both in Washing-the i|nports rose to over 70.000 cases. keep the crates wet with sea water en- ton. Since they are so small lit takesthe" taperfd 05- hul later the)’ 1"‘ F0ll16'- 2.000 or more shucked Olympias to"eased a{!a"1- Once the spat arrives at the oyster make a gallon) the labor problem

This year, over 80,000 oases of seed, grounds. the grower opens the cases and makes them expensive. At $32.50 a gal-each weighing 130 pounds, net, are hauls the seed out in a boat or on a lon. wholesale. the market is limited.being imported from Japan by Pgcic barge and scatters the shells. just as he There’s evidence, though, that thecoast growers in the United States and might broadcast grass seed on a pas- Pacific oyster is the basis of a growing.Canada, The association will bring in ture. From 15 to 100 crates are planted robust industry. It requires the labor of45,320 cases for its 140 members, pay. on an acre. The growing oysters feed at least 1,500 people in different kindsing $362,510 for the seed delivgrgd at on diatoms and other minute sea life. of jobs. ln addition to materials men-Pacic ports. Nonmembers, who do which they sift out of the water as it tioned earlier, it furnishes a market bytheir own buying, pay in pt-0p0rtion_ flows through their gills. the carload for cans. crates. glass con-

The association sends its manag- At the end of a year. growers nd tainers and other supplies.12 ‘rm: nonrnwesr. May-June. 195:»

Elbow Room for Industries on Site at BismarckSuper Valu Stores, Inc., Building $500,000 Division Headquarters in Capital ofNorth Dakota, a City Destined to Become Trade Center of Large Irrigation Empire

lndustries have room to branch out “lt-s no secrrt that plans of theand grow at Bismarck. the state capital l’. 5. Bureau of Reclamation to irrigateof North Dakota. They can do it in the in excess of l.()l)()_l)t)() acres in both bigIOU-acre Casey industrial addition. being and small North Dakota projects aredeveloped by Clem Casey, local real well along." Carlson said. “The bureauestate man. land owner and builder. will water a subsiantial acreage in SouthThere's room. too. for new concerns to Dakota. too. Projects will develop alongcome in from the outside. the Missouri and its tributaries. just as

The space eventually all will be neede(]_ they have in Montana along the Yellow-judging by the way leading Northwest -‘l""e river-businessmen are thinking. “Irrigation means smaller farms. more

C. B. Carlson. _lr.. vice president and farmers and intensive production. Yougeneral manager of Deere 8; Webber get crops such as sugar beets and beans.Co.. Minneapolis. a distributing afiiliate which can’t be raised in this area with-of Deere 8 Company. Moline. lll.. is out supplementing the natural rainfall.bullish on Bislnarck, Those things speed up the economy and

“Let me show you something."Carlson said to callers at his ofiice a

few days ago.

"Bismarck will be an important tradecenter of a big irrigation empire in thenot too distant future. when the Missouririver and its tributaries are developed."he continued.

Fpreading out on his desk before thevisitors a large map of the upper Mis-souri basin. Carlson enthusiasticallypointed out how already water is beingimpounded behind large dams. such asFort Peck in eastern Montana. Garrisonand Heart Butte in North Dakota andOahe and Fort Randall in South Dakota.

-vi’J‘

marek, C. R. Carlson. ]r., left, vice presi-dent and general manager. told A. P.Kimmel. of NJ’. traie department.

stabilize it on a higher level. We know.because at our Billings branch in Mon-tana we put in irrigation machineryand increased the branchls volume ofbusiness nearly twenty-fold.

"lt's one reason that prompted DeereS. Webber to become the first buyer inthe Casey tract at Bismarck. We got ll)acres—enough to allow for expansion.”

ln 1953 Deere S Webber built a ware-house ‘)7 x 200 on its Casey property.A concrete dock. flat car height. T2 x 30.

:“:lI*IE:e:_'lI?‘H§m(i:lE§:)lE;nE;‘r°:(:f;': and a ramp were installed adjacent topan” snapped he", by N_p_ ,.am(.,.aman_ a track which is served by a Northern

THE NOIITIIIT-IST. May-June, I956

m. L ii

DEERE & VEBBER TO expand at Bis- .

PLAN OF IMPROVEYHENTS at Bismarck.studied by T. G. llarrison. president.Super Vulu stores. and R. M. Winslow.vice president, in recent conference.

Pacific industry spur. "wheel goods"—tractors. hay balers and combines—principally are stored in the warehouseat present.

All Deere & Webber wholesale busi-ness at that point is done by the Bis-marck lmplement company, a subsidi-ary with a store in a downtown location,where retail trade also is conducted.B. E. Porter. called just plain “Bob” byBismarck folks. is the local manager.

‘We probably will keep our down-town store.“ Carlson said. "but later onwe will move our transfer business tothe new property and whenever thathappens we'll build a wholesale housefronting on Airport road. along thewest side of our land. The present trackwill be extended and the-re'll be a three-car unloading dock at the ne\v build-mg.

Situated near the main business sec-

tion of the city and just south of theNorthern Pacic's main line. the Casey

addition is in a convenient location.Forty acres have been taken by l-1

buyers and lessees, but 60 acres are leftfor others to occupy in the future. asseen in the sketch on page 14.

13

_

Electrical power is available. 1n fact, a heavy line is being built MM"to the area. A 12-inch main along the west side of the property Mn ] | ' y y i 1 " "rm; r——<carries water from the Bismarck city water system. Trunk lines ' pg ‘ My M“ 1 ‘r

connecting with the city sewer system have been laid north and mmm“ M ' ‘ S.

south and east and west across the Casey addition. Pipe lines ' ---— _.._ _',_f “"‘"'~<|r1cnv,,.\~~‘.m- X‘ ‘Mm, T --,\ mmr iv:: 15‘ Z: mo

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"uT",.; I 3. ,-_-I L“ ‘» Twirl. \I‘, ‘Ho / 5 lg

carrying natural gas supplied by the Montana-Dakota Utilitiescompany border it on the west and on the north.

It goes without saying that Clem Casey welcomes inquiryabout his industrial sites. In addition to selling or leasing, he isprepared to build for suitable lessees, providing the lease in each

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. \l saw 1,, an as 3case is for 15 years or more. 1 3“ Sm“. 1° _

T. G. Harrison is another Twin Cities executive who has 1: ! “EST Illll F-BD\‘\'¥°?l i . Y

demonstrated condence in the future of both Bismarck and North 1 Z Tm “° l

Dakota. Harrison is president of Super Valu Stores, lnc., which l”“"“'°'$“n““'mw""'M -‘Z ‘

is putting up a new 96,000-square-foot warehouse and oice for its ‘

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Bismarck division on a seven-acre tract in the Casey addition,from which it will serve 81 ailiated retail stores located in easternMontana, in North Dakota as far north as Minot and as far east

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as Jamestown and in part 0 western Sou a ota. --_

The T. F. Powers Construction company, of Fargo, general /contractor on the job. began building the division headquarters, ,__.::::_,__,_._______v._.____<_;'/~" =

which will cost in excess of $500,000, on April 16. The Super Valu ‘“'” _

rm, which has 100 employees at Bismarck and which now is ‘v§ \9‘ ll/K3

occupying space in the Wachter warehouse, will have double itspresent amount of room when it occupies the new one-oor con-crete-block structure early in 1957.

Several innovations in low cost handling will be introduced in

I[PORTROAD

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the construction of the Bismarck food distribution center. Steel .......IZl“ mi. I ¢‘“°'°“'“'"‘racks which will hold pallets loaded with goods three tiers high 9 W Q‘ ("M 51""! °'\ W

are one good example. High stacking to conserve time and space e i A §::::‘J°\':°i°mML°W“ N

will be the rule. While many buildings now in use for food ware- > HRS‘. ’ ADE“-K,“ ‘i Butiiinautu Ylimsvalrnritm 1.

housing allow stacks 16-feet high, 20-foot stacking will be pos- 7' i Q95“ °“'“"'"'"¢°-sible at Bismarck. With the new pallet racks high tiering will be "mun" “L I % ?::::_:x::::‘;"vm“ Ea

accomplished without putting too much weight on lower con- \° l @ 5,,“ \|,,,,_\,,,_

tainers in each stack. ® ‘ i Q N\H=\\H\~Mw=\w\

Another thing, stores won’t get limp lettuce from the Super r 7 I (15

Valu plant, R. M. Winslow, vice president in charge of operations, _‘ '

said in commenting on the produce department. This space, in 3» i‘ “ '1 ‘lituu tun hioimuiu Sins

which perishables are to be packaged for retail display in ailiated ; '_ ‘l5M“m'“~ll-stores, will be kept at 55 degrees Fahrenheit, summer and winter. 5 *1‘: 5"“ “ “°"'“"R'"(°'Humidity control is to be included, too. In addition, there will be '*~""f\§:T k “°“l'““

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a cooler kePl at 34 degrees. Then, a frozen food room, with i 1'1 ‘"

110,000 cubic feet, enough space for 1,000,000 pounds, or 25 car-

loads of these important foods, to be constructed, will be the largest THE CASEY INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY at Bilmarcks N-

frozen food room between Minneapolis and the Pacic coast. 26’:’:e';31;?‘(i"=a‘:§d|1:‘§"‘:;:|‘;i':_;;‘:"::;i':$n}£?|‘;'i':;i.;i':Winslow pointed out.

A railroad dock, inside the building, is planned to accommodateseven carloads at a time. Covered space will be provided forloading 12 trucks for store-door deliv- Aberdeen, S. D. In addition, a cash and the company to construct a new retailery. E..l. Bambury, division manager of carry division is located at Duluth, Mccormick farm equipment store

l°“€ standing with ‘he °°mPa"Y at Bis‘ Minn. The company, which did $108; this site sometime in the future but wemarckr will be in charge °f the new 297,685 worth of business in 1955, re- are unable to say precisely when workheadquarters cently completed additions to its ware- will start on this facility.”

Super Valu (formerly Winston and housing space HI Aberdeen. Fargo, Des The (jam, on company and the

Newell ¢°mP8IlYl has 8" 30-Y6!"-Old Manes and Hopkins‘ Cities Service Oil company each has a

history. Today there are 729 ailiated Between the Super Valu and Deere & bulk storage plant in the Casey area.Super Valu and U-Save stores, located Wbbef 106850118, the lIll¢l’I180I18l The Haggert Construction company,in eight states, which are served through Hafveslf ¢°mP1"1Y Pufllawd {OUT 81385 road builder, leased a site. Miesner-divisions at Hopkins, Minn. ( the home which {mm °" Ai"P°" r°ad- AIId81‘$0n C0II$lI'll6li0II company OWIIS B

05506), DB8 M09168, 18-, Bimfck, An oicer of that rm said re- warehouse I with an oicel near theGreen Bay, Wis., Fargo, N. D., and cently in Chicago: “lt is the plan of south side of the area. lgoe & Sons built

14 ‘I'll! NORTHWEST, Icy-line, I956

L

a warehouse with 4.000 square feet tolease to other people. The Atlas Ready\lix company has an acre on which ithas a cement-mixing plant and south olthis. the Buckingham Transportationcompany purchased a site. Others hav-ing sites include \l. B. Monson. (.tty ol

X

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liismarck. (.asey l)e\elopment companyand Firestone Tire X Rubber eompam.

Home Builders GobbleUp More Land

llereis a new angle on the citv tosuburbs movement. Reports say that inwestern Washington. especially betweenSeattle and Tacoma. the best soil forgrowing ne raspberries ta big industrythere! also is the land ideallv suited asbuilding gilt»; for new h()mg_<_ SUPER VALLY BUILDING AT BISMARCK will have a room similar to this one (shown

_ . at headquarters in Hopkins. Minn.) in which men take orders by telephone fromNb Smne “f the (immmirclal raspberry alliliuted stores. They see quickly the correct inventor_\' of items available on black-

growers have to tno\'e—builders are board. Record is kept up to the minute by man with chalk and memoranda of sales.gobbling up so much ground.

But producers claim conventionalvarieties donit do well on the heaviersoils now left for their berry patches. {Qf Rust G

Plant breeders at Washington Statecollege are working on that problem. Al-ready they have developed one new kind Spraying last summer on a eld basis crop and test weight was raised fromof raspberry which thrives on the heavy in North Dakota and Minnesota to 47 pounds to 56 pounds. :\t the Lang-5nil_<_ They 1-all it _\‘umn@r_ after 3 {Own check the ravages of black stem rust in don. X. l).. substation ol the North Da-in the Puyallup valley. The variety is spring wheat was protable. kota Experiment station. T6 plots treatedsaid to be winter hardy and it reported- llitherto. the principal controls for _\iPl(ll’(l T-4 l>ll§l1<‘l$ pet‘ (‘Tt‘ IIWR’ thanly yields lots of big. dark red fruit that black stem rust in grain have been re- l2 UI\-‘Pl'ii)'t‘ll }>l0l>‘-is tasty eaten fresh. canned or frozen. sistant varieties and the removal of host .-\ll spraying was done on durumwow! Fotne raspberry! plants on which rust normally winters. wheat.

Commercial spraying for rust. whichwas done on IT farms. covering severalhundred acres of wheat. produced anaverage increase in yield of 4.‘) bushels SPU¢l$ wlnlered Underand the test weight was increased anaverage of 2.‘) pounds per bushel. com-pared with yields and test weights onunspra\ed wheat on the same farms. ~\l‘*"“ B9d"ar- 3 la""eT "" '"'gal"d

i land. near Cle Elum. Wash.. along the

Six Feet of Snow

l)ithane spray was used. at a cost of$2 an acre. including material. labor and \ aklllla rl"9r- was “""'9d almul _l"$use of equipment. for each application. ~‘l’“d~‘- but ‘he Sm“ has 3 haPP)' e"(l'"{1-ln tnost cases. three applications were H9 jll5l T\’(‘*‘"ll)' (‘°mPl@l9d the ha?‘put on. making a total cost of S6 per "35! Of 25 KCTQ“ Of hi-‘ 1955 (‘F°P- ~'\

M-H. for ihe [rt-aimc-"L sudden freeze last fall in that area andOn the farm of W_ p_ and L_ 5_ _\[a(._ heavy snow in November prevented nor-

l)onald. in Cavalier county. North l)a- "ml ha-r“’~‘l "f the late ""P-kota. the spray increased the wheat yield The 23 acres ‘WK’ ('"\‘eT9d with -‘ixnigh; bu§hels per acre and the {est feet of snow for nearly six months. butweight went up two pounds per bushel. ilk‘ P°l3l"¢‘~‘- Bedlti" T9P0"“(l- Weft‘ inDixon Brothers. in Grand Forks county. 1’-‘ifellelll Wllditloll "'1 -\'la_\' 1- 50- hegot an increase in yield totaling between hafveild the Crop. getting 12 tons per

g vs three and four |,uSh@]5_ ]" a eld at acre. which brought S80 a ton for tubersSTEEL “YILL hold ll('I‘S Of £00415 _\/[()rdg|]_ :\/Iani{()b3_ [he Spray raised [hp Of NU. l grade and ft)!‘ N0. 2,5.

°n palms M Bismarck sup" val“ plam’ ield from six bu hels er acre lwhere "Probably more than they would haveas shown above in recent view made at Y S ‘i S ‘ P ..¢0n,p,,ny-'5 ‘mi-,»hou,~¢. at |1opki,,_._ Minn, none was used) to 16 bushels on treated brought last fall. someone commented.

THE .'\'0RTllI'|'I§'I‘. .\Ia_v-Iunr, I956i

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PASCO ENGINEER DEPOT IMPROVEMENTS, numbered on shops; 13, round house and internal rail oflice; 14 and 15,the drawing, are identied as follows: 1, entrance; 2, post post engineers; 16 and 18, storage sheds; 17, water tower; 19,headquarters; 3, ORC building; 4, medical building; 5, motor care and preservation shop; 20, lumber yard; 21, salvage yard.pool; 6, security guard; 7, gate into restricted area; 8, re This federal property controlled by the army may becomestation; 9, operations building; I0, ll and 12, maintenance available for industrial use. Inquiries now will be welcomed.

Army Storage Depot at Pasco ls Ready-Made Factory LocationAnyone looking for ready-made fac- large rooms. Each has a loading dock, water and sewer facilities being used.

tory buildings, or a place to store a lot box-car height, with ramps and trackage The depot was built in 194.2 at 3 gogtof commodities safely all in one spot? to accommodate 4-0 railroad cars at a approximating $5,()()(),()0()_ Rehabilita.

If Se’ how about the big engineer time. Roong consists of asphalt and tion between 1950 and 1952 cost $2,.depot, immediately south and east of gravel. 500,000. It was used by the Corps ofPasco, in central Washington, owned by The eight structures cover 32 acres. Engineers for the storage and distribu-the United States army? ln addition, there are 14-5 acres of im- tion of construction supplies and other

It has eight oneetory, weodemtt-use proved open storage space. The prop- military material.buildings, each 954- feet long, lacking en)’ includes 3 mm] °f 700 "'95- Steps have been initiated by the U.S.only a little of being a fth of a mile, The depot has 30 miles of its own rail department of the army to declare theand 181 feet wide inside. track and it is served by the Northern property excess. If that nally is done,

It is 14, feet from the oor of these Pacic and Spokane, Portland 8: Seattle it will be available to the General Serv-huge warehouses to the t-eefeupportihg Railway companies. Water transport is ices administration for disposal forteeters, which occur every 603 {eet_ available on the Columbia river, which private use.

The 10-inch concrete floor poured on b°""d5 the Pr°P°1'tY °" the 5°"'-h~ It is anticipated that a year will bepacked earth practically has unlimited ln addition to the eight large one- required to determine whether the gov-carrying capacity. Sidewall studdings story structures, the Pasco engineer de- ernment nally will dispose of the depot.are 2 x 8’s anchored on a 2 x 8 plate pot has some 18 or 19 other buildings, ln the meantime, however, oicers ofwhich is secured by bolts embedded in including maintenance shops, oice, bar- the department of the army state thatthe oor. Sprinklers have been installed. racks, re station, garage and two large inquiries and expressions of interest areEach of these buildings has three 10- open-side buildings, each 450 x 200, desired, since they “will be materiallyinch re-wall partitions, making four with concrete ooring. There are lights, useful in formulating the disposal plan.”

i I \ I I l

THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAYST. PAUL I, MINNESOTA

VIII 3547 haunted