N O T E S

OVERVIEW OF THE 16TH CENTURY

¿DO YOU REMEMBER?

• What did the Trojan War have to do with piracy?

• What happened to Caesar? (Identify the inaccuracy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLmUrTVbxUo)

• Were the Vkings raiders or settlers?

• Who were the wokou?

THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 16TH CENTURY

• China• Trade bans and merchants as pirates• Printed money, bronze coins, and silver• Boatloads of money: Spanish Empire trade in the Pacific

• The Americas• 1545: Diego Gualpa/Hualpa and the biggest silver strike in history (ore

ledge of 300 feet long, 13 feet wide, 300 feet deep, 50% silver content)• Potosí, the silver town, and Huancavelinca, the mercury mine (mercury

used to purify silver ore): violence, “organized crime,” and exploitation • 60 years of frenzied production: explosion in the money supply, inflation,

financial instability

• Europe• The Spanish silver peso—”a piece of eight” (1 peso = 8 reales)—

becomes universal currency; main currency in the Portuguese, Dutch, and British Empires, widely used in France and the German states

• Silver linked to:• The revolts against Spain in the Netherlands and Portugal• The Fronde civil war in France• The Thirty Year War

TIMELINES AND LIFESTYLES

• European culture, art, science and history, 16th century: http://www.fm.coe.uh.edu/timeline/1500s.html

• The conquest of the Americas: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fniD67Z4ME

• Industry: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzJer4omFgs

• Fashions, framing of gender (Women of the 16th Century): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ7CNNGEsfk

• Music: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbsY-6SUH6k

MAP OR EUROPE

The rise of monarchical nation-states, 1500-1700

SHORT LIST OF HIGHLIGHTS(PUT THESE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER)

• Michelangelo creates David, and paints the Sistine Chapel ceiling• Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa• Shakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet• Copernicus establishes that the Earth orbits the Sun• The Inquisition persecutes conversos (Jews converted to Christianity)

in Spain• Hernán Cortés takes over the Aztec Empire• Henry VIII establishes the Church of England• Start of the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis• Start of the Dutch Revolt• Battle of Lepanto• Elizabeth I defeats the Spanish Armada• Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe to Juan Diego in Mexico• Inventions:

• Flush toilet• Pocket watch• Bottled beer• Graphite pencil

SPANISH ARMADA: VIDEOS

• Discovery Channel documentary: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpG5E85W1ns

• Through the lens of humor: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e23OnRapVg

LEARN MORE• Battlefield Brittain series: http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jl3stf20X10

• Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWfWl0ZgK8E