Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity

Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity

Resilience 2014 – Montpellier

Rural’Est off-site session

Catherine Darrot

Origin of the questions Research in social sciences :

questionning public stereotypes

Two stereotypes about small family farms in Poland between 2003 and 2007

Montpelllier – Resilience 2014Rural’Est off-site session

Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity - Catherine DARROT

Origin of the questions1. Farm land: small family farms were

accused to block farmland market by keeping land, and consequently to limit the potential of development of larger and more active farms

2. Food market: small family farms were accused of low contribution to national economy because of their low qualtity of marketed products



Data



Drobin8 monogr.

Knyszyn,15

monogr.

Steszew - 10 monogr. Zator, 10 monogr.

41 farmmonographs from 2004 to 2006 : deux modalité de ciblage des exploitations

Sample1. Farm land: small family farms were

accused to block farmland market by keeping land, and consequently to limit the potential of development of larger and more active farms

2. Food market: small family farms were accused of low contribution to national economy because of their low qualtity of marketed products



6

Typology of the trajectory of those 41 peasant-like farms (df Mendars)

Two trajectories driving out of the peasant-like model1. « Heritage » farms2. Farms evolving toward a specialised/intensified

model

Three « peasant-like » trajectories1. Semi-subsistence farms2. Intensified peasant-like marlet-related farm3. Diversification of rural activities



7

Composition du revenu familial en zlpour chaque catégorie de notre typologie

(48 000 zl = 12 000 euros = 2 salaires moyens polonais/an)

0

48000

96000

144000

192000

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3A Type 3B Type 4

Pensions de retraites

Revenus hors ventesagricoles, et allocationsAide UE

Autoconsommation

Produit net des ventes agric.

Typologie des exploitations : REVENUSMontpelllier – Resilience 2014Rural’Est off-site session


1st non-market process

Farm land transfer



Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon:

Non-formal land renting

1. Yearly2. From one small, less-active farm to

a larger, more active farm



Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon: Non-

formal land renting

1. Reversibility ! When land needed Land back to the small farm

2. (4 cases in our sample = 10 % of the total sample)

Tchayanovian cycle! When family gets larger / when unemployment

(farm = « life inssurance »)



Farms Area owned Area realy farmed Difference in ha

K1 14 11 - 3

Z1 1,28 1,28 0

Z3 5,35 5,35 0

Z6 3,2 1 - 2,2

K2 5,65 3,15 - 2,5

K13 9,83 11,83 2

D6 8,54 8,54 0

D7 11 11 0

S3 6 2,25 -3,75

S5 3 3 0

S7 3,5 2,5 -1

Average 6.5 5.5 - 1 ha

Our sample: Land use of small farms with reduced activity or only for semi-subsistence



Our sample: Land use of farms with a more significant activity


Area declared (visible

instatistics)

Area realy

farmed thanks to unformal land rent

Difference

Average 15,4 20,4 + 4,9 ha


Farm Land1. One wide-spread phenomenon:

Non-formal land renting

1. Non-market process1. « Active » farmer runs the land for free

and keeps it in good conditions2. Owner claims EU funds = « Rent »

2. Cycle: reversibility



2nd non-market process

Food transfer



Farm« Linked-

couple/family »Food gifts

supportDirect marketing of raw

farm products

Market intermediary actors

Mar

kete

d fa

rm p

rodu

cts

PotatoesPoultry and eggsMilk

1

2

3

4

Crossing- Farm monographs: Sociologic and economic quantitative and qualitative

dataWith- National statistic data: demography of farming and rural sector

The food volumes concerned by processes 1 and 2 can be estimatedAnd framed between a ground value and a top value

Top value- Maximal number of Polish farms (source GUS : 2,38 millions)- The volumes of food concerned in the families where they are the highest (monographs)

Ground value

- Minimal number of Polish farms(source Eurostat : 1,13

millions)

- The volumes of food concerned in the families where they are lower (monographs)



Part approximative de chaque produit dans l'alimentation familiale en Pologne rurale

Viandes et œufs35%

Pommes de terre15%

Légumes15%

Produits laitiers10%

Fruits5%

Pain et céréales15%

Autres graisses5%

(Approche anthropologique – Sources : données de terrain de l’auteur)

Part de chaque aliment auto-produit dans les exploitations familiales les moins autonomes

Autonomie alimentaire : 60 % de la ration

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

Viandeset œufs

Pommesde terre

Légumes Produitslaitiers

Fruits Pain etcéréales

Autresgraisses

Part de chaque aliment acheté dansla ration familialePart de chaque aliment auto-produitdans la ration familiale familiale

Food autonomy in an « average » Polish familly farm: 70 %

Part de chaque aliment auto-produit dans les exploitations familiales les plus autonomes

Autonomie alimentaire : 78 % de la ration

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

Viandeset œufs

Pommesde terre

Légumes Produitslaitiers

Fruits Pain etcéréales

Autresgraisses

Part de chaque aliment acheté dansla ration familialePart de chaque aliment auto-produitdans la ration familiale familiale

41 monographs familiales


Top values Ground values

% of the national population

% of the food concerned

% of the national population

% of the food concerned

Persons living on the farm 30,50% 18% 14% 8%

« Linked » family 9,40% 5% 4% 1,30%

Enlarged family 15% 1,50% 7% 0,20%

Local society 17% 4% 8% 0,40%

Total 72% 29% 33% 10%

Framing the reality

As a carefull indication, the average between the ground and top values are;

Population concerned by non-marketed food

(average)52%

Proportion of the national food concerned in volumes

(average)19%We want to estimate here the % of the non-matketed

Polish foodAnd the % of the population benefiting of it

Carefull : This study does not include urban food gardens, which also contribute for potentially high quantities



Question1. Those data are not recent

2. What about the current situation ?



Thank you for your attention

[email protected]



Documents

Non-market contribution to national economy of Polish farming activity