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1 Nokia Siemens Networks
Towards 100 Gigabit Ethernet Transmission
Getting The Most Out Of A Single Wavelength
Dark Fibre Convention, 1213 June 2008
Michael Finkenzeller, IPT DWDM
2 Nokia Siemens Networks
Drive
Processing Power
StorageNetworking
Flexibility
Carrie
r Grad
e
Qualit
y
More forless money
New App-lications
New B
usine
ss
Mode
ls
3 Nokia Siemens Networks
Drive And Get Driven
Processing Power
StorageNetworking
CostReduction
Flexibility
Carrie
r Grad
e
Qualit
y
More forless money
New App-lications
New B
usine
ss
Mode
ls
4 Nokia Siemens Networks
Industry Challenge:100x traffic growth at lowest TCO
Key trends
100-fold trafficincrease
at lowest TCO
Bandwidth hungryapplications (P2P, Grid Computing ...)
Global meshing of data centers drives backbone traffic
Powerful newdevices with flat-fee subscription
Unicast TV/video will drive exponential growth in traffic
5 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
6 Nokia Siemens Networks
WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Each coloured wavelength represents one WDM channel Multiplexing of separate signals on same Fibre
Glass Prism Glass Prism
White LightSpectrum
7 Nokia Siemens Networks
Signal Quality Degradation in Optical Systems
Signal degradation
Attenuation Noise Non-linear effectsDispersionM
U
X
DEM
UX
/ Chromatic dispersion tolerance decrease/ Polarization Mode Dispersion tolerance decrease/ OSNR tolerance decrease/ Non Linear Effects
Bit rate increase to 100Gb/s
New transmission techniques New optical modulation
schemes New dispersion management
techniques New components
8 Nokia Siemens Networks
Native transport versus concatenated within DWDM layer
Native 40/100G (serial)
optimal use of network capacity easy service routing easy to implement services in
meshed network
/ not yet same reach as 10G
Concatenated nx10G (parallel)
less optical impairments more easy to obtain higher reach
/ routing as bundle of wavelengths necessary/ congests network (especially
cumbersome in partially filled meshed network)
Its a simple calculation: 80 x 10G = 0,8 Tbit/s vs 8 Tbit/s with 100G.Better scalability and simple maintenance: One service, one port
9 Nokia Siemens Networks
Fibreamplifiers
Error-correcting codes Phase
modulation
Electronic equalization
Years
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
x
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
Today
Wavelength-division multiplexing
??
? ?
E
Technology Trends in 40G/100G
Enabling technologies:Modulation formats (DPSK, DQPSK)Polarization-Multiplexing (PolMux)
Coherent receivers
10 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
11 Nokia Siemens Networks
Nokia Siemens Networks DWDM 40G/100G history1998 First 40G DWDM worldwide1999 World record: 80 x 40G2000 World record: 176 x 40G2001 World record for field fiber, collaboration with MCI, 80 x 40G, live traffic2003 40G field trial with T-Com: error free operation since October 2003, still up
and running2003 160 Gbit/s / field trial with optical time-division multiplex over 280
km with BT2004 demonstration of 1700km transmission of 40G on already installed 10G
system in collaboration with AT&T2005 40G included in T-Com frame agreement, first link with 40G up and
running2006 First company to perform mass roll-out of 40G technology2006 First field trial on 107 Gbit/s / transmission with pure electrical time-
division multiplex over 160 km in collaboration with AT&T2007 More than 600 40G transponders sold
First 10 x 111Gbit/s / transmission on 50GHz grid over 2400km
12 Nokia Siemens Networks
2006: 107 Gbit/s transmission over 160kmTransmission line: 2x80-km field NZDSF, 19.7 dB attenuation per span Direct optical 107 Gb/s generation and additional filtering Electrical processing of 107 Gb/s in single chip after photo
diode Q-factor: 10.4dB btb, 9.6dB after 160km
TXPre
comp80 km
Installed fiber
DCF80 kmInstalled
fiber
DCFRX
Optical Eye Diagramof 107Gbit/s signal
Photo of single chip clock & data recovery and 1:2 demux for 107Gbit/s
Field trial using ETDM sender and receiver.
13 Nokia Siemens Networks
Classification Of Optical Modulation Schemes
ModulationSchemes
Amplitude Phase
BinaryOOK (NRZ)
DuobinaryPSBT
Binary:(DPSK)
Multilevel:(D)QPSK
Poll-Mux:P-DPSK
CP-QPSK
14 Nokia Siemens Networks
On Off Keying vs. Differential Phase-Shift Keying
Symbol separation factor 2 better3dB better receiver sensitivity
100G clock 100G data
( )
Transmitter OOK Receiver: Direct detection
00 0 0 00
Intensity
Phase
DPSK Receiver: Balanced detection
Intensity
PhaseMZDI
T+
-0 0 0
0 0
DPSKOOK
DPSK has additional informationin phase of signal
15 Nokia Siemens Networks
Modulation formats: multiple bits per symbol
0
DPSK
(0,)
(0,0)
(,0)
(, )
POLMUX-DPSK
1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol
DQPSK
0
/2
3/2
4 bits/symbol
POLMUX-DQPSK
16 Nokia Siemens Networks
COHERENT 111-Gbit/s POLMUX-DQPSK(CP-QPSK)
111-Gbit/s POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK transmitter: Polarization multiplexing
Intensity
Phase||Phase
0 0 3/2/2/2 3/23/20 /2
||
27.75G data HA
27.75G data HB27.75G clock
27.75G data VA
27.75G data VB
MZ
/2
PBS
MZ
MZ
MZ /2
POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK receiver: Coherent detection
90
Y
X 90hyb
C
l
o
c
k
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
E
q
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
E
r
r
o
r
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
Post ProcessingXI
XQ
YQ
YI
X00
90hyb 90
0
X90
Y0
Y90
LO PCPC
TDS6154C
9 Very narrow spectral width => Use of existing 50Ghz grid WDM systems9 Use of low spec 40-G electrical components9 Chromatic dispersion and PMD are compensated electrically (1st time for 100Gb/s)9 Coherent detection allows electrical polarization de-multiplexing
17 Nokia Siemens Networks
Experimental setup: 10 channels with 111Gbit/s each (100GbE + EFEC) on a 50GHz grid Alternative modulation format POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK Completely electronic modulation and demodulation 2375km of SSMF and 5 add-drop nodes Coherent detection and equalization for polarization recovery and high chromatic
dispersion tolerance
As broad as 10G same infrastructure
usable!
2007: 10 x 111 Gbit/s transmission over 2375 km
Possible to use todays 10G infrastructure for 100G/ transmission
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000Residual chromatic dispersion at receiver (ps/nm)
B
E
R
2
0
l
o
g
(
Q
)
d
B
EFEC Limit
6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF5x
18 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
19 Nokia Siemens Networks
100GbE: IEEE and ITU-T are different worlds.
IEEE World ITU-T World10M, 100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
10G Interfaces
100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
Distances 100m 10/40km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G, 40G Interfaces
10G / 40G in OTN Distances 2km - nx1000km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G Interfaces
The IEEE world is short range and used factor 10 in the past.The ITU-T world is long range and used factor 4 in the past.
20 Nokia Siemens Networks
Status 100GbE Standardization Status IEEE 802.3 Higher-Speed Study Group (HSSG)
Attendance predominantly interested in cost-efficient, mature transceiver alternatives for short-reach applications, transport networking vendors / service providers represent a minority. New: data center and server operators.
Description of standard is scheduled for 2008, finalization for 2009/2010. Data rate and de-skewing procedure are defined in study groups today.
Status ITU SG15 Q6 / Q11: Several OTU-4 proposals in G.709 are under discussion (111 - 112 Gb/s or 130Gb/s),
new revision of G.709 including 100GbE transport capability planned for Feb 2008.
Line InterfaceClient InterfaceLine Data Rate
(1), 2, 3100GbE 3 x 40Gb/s (9 ..12 x10Gb/s)
130Gb/s
1, 2100GbE (9-10 x 10Gb)111-112Gb/s
Data rate 130G would delay 100GbE products availability for 2 years.Close coordination is needed for 100G and 40G.
21 Nokia Siemens Networks
Mapping of 10GbE: Example where standard didnt much help
For 10GbE two different line interfaces (over-clocking).
22 Nokia Siemens Networks
AT&T, Verizon Have Optical WishesJUNE 08, 2007
In a keynote on Wednesday, AT&T's Peter Magill said his company would need 100 Gig sooner rather than later.Magill says that AT&T is committed to meeting bandwidth demands, however, and in an interview after his keynote, he said that AT&T would deploy pre-standard 100-Gig technology if it had to, as long as it made economic sense.
source: Light Reading, October 03, 2007
Pre-Standard 100G?
23 Nokia Siemens Networks
Turning Ethernet to carrier grade technology
Hard
QoS Scalability
OAM
&P
Availability
Relia
bilit
y
Carrier grade Ethernet
Technology
99.999% Hardware
redundancy Inter-card LAG
HSO
Pay-as-you-grow architecture
Port density and capacity
# of subscribers and services
Bandwidth allocation and optimization
Flexible SLA Hierarchical shaping:
per subscriber, per service
50mSec resiliency, ERP
Local and global protection
ISSU
Deterministic and secure traffic engineering
IEEE 802.1ag SLA monitoring
24 Nokia Siemens Networks
Carrier Ethernet Transport Networks
Minimize intermediate routing - offload routers
Functionality only Functionality only where neededwhere needed
Optimal mixOptimal mix of intermediategrooming and routing and
transparent bypass(Ethernet + WDMEthernet + WDM)
Native transport of business services on
the lowest possible layer the lowest possible layer (Ethernet or WDM) dependent on
service requirements and cost
WDM
IP
Carrier Ethernet Transport
25 Nokia Siemens Networks
Power and mechanical design is OpEx that we can control
Terabit core router
Power consumption of 13kW
723 kg chassis fully configured
Source: Internal analysis
Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig
Router1
Switch0.5
SDH0.2 ROADM
0.04
Future
Power consumption (in kW) for 100Gig
Router0.6
Switch0.2
Features / sophisticated Backward compatibility
26 Nokia Siemens Networks
Agenda
Some DWDM Background Info 100G Transmission Technology 100G Ethernet Conclusion
27 Nokia Siemens Networks
Historical Volume Growth AMS-IX
source: AMS-IX
Every 30 months traffic increased with factor 10.
28 Nokia Siemens Networks
Future Bandwidth Requirements
[source: EU-IST MUSE]
And there is no stopping in sight: Ideas for 2015 to have Super Hi-Vision (UHDTV) with 16x pixel resolution of HDTV, BW >500 Mbit!
29 Nokia Siemens Networks
Conclusion
Demand for 100G is real. IP based applications are main driver. Main payload will be Ethernet based services.
100G: Technology is on the right track. Operation of 100G native on 10G infrastructure is feasible. 100GbE standardization is key factor for products in 2010.
Standardization Issues Transport: client side and line side have to be synchronized Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) provides simplification and cost
savings for future
30 Nokia Siemens Networks
Thank You!