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Tiffanie A. Hamilton, Jessica V. Redfern, Jay Barlow, Lisa T. Ballance,
Tim Gerrodette, Rennie S. Holt, Karin A. Forney and Barbara L. Taylor
Photograph by Michael Richlen courtesy of NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
ATLAS OF CETACEAN SIGHTINGS FOR SOUTHWEST FISHERIES
SCIENCE CENTER CETACEAN AND ECOSYSTEM SURVEYS: 1986 - 2005
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-440
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Marine Fisheries ServiceSouthwest Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS
APRIL 2009
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), organized in 1970, has evolved into an agency that establishes national policies and manages and conserves our oceanic, coastal, and atmospheric resources. An organizational element within NOAA, the Office of Fisheries is responsible for fisheries policy and the direction of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).
In addition to its formal publications, the NMFS uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series, however, reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature.
MOSTA PHD EN RA ICCI AN DA ME IC N
O IS
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N ATOI IOT
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E.S C. RD EE MPA MR OT CM FENT O
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFSThis TM series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or specialpurpose information. The TMs have not received complete formal review, editorial control, or detailed editing.
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-440
APRIL 2009
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEGary F. Locke, SecretaryNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationJane Lubchenco, Undersecretary for Oceans and AtmosphereNational Marine Fisheries ServiceJames W. Balsiger, Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries
Tiffanie A. Hamilton
Jessica V. Redfern
Jay Barlow
Lisa T. Ballance
Tim Gerrodette
Rennie S. Holt
Karin A. Forney
Barbara L. Taylor
ATLAS OF CETACEAN SIGHTINGS FOR
SOUTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER
CETACEAN AND ECOSYSTEM SURVEYS: 1986 - 2005
�
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1
CRUISE.SUMMARIES............................................................................................................ 1
Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Cruises........................ 1
Northern Gulf of California Vaquita Cruise.............................................................................. 2
West Coast Marine Mammal and Ecosystem Assessment Surveys............................................ 3
Central Pacific Cetacean Surveys.............................................................................................. 3
Alaska Cetacean Surveys.................................................................................................................... 4
METHODS................................................................................................................................ 5
RESULTS................................................................................................................................... 6
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................... 7
TABLES. ................................................................................................................................... 8
FIGURES................................................................................................................................. 10
APPENDIX.I.-.ETP Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Survey Reports............................ 63
APPENDIX.II.–.Northern Gulf of California Vaquita Survey Reports................................... 67
APPENDIX.III.-.West Coast Marine Mammal and Ecosystem Survey Reports..................... 67
APPENDIX.IV.-.Central Pacific Cetacean Survey Reports................................................... 68
APPENDIX.V.-.Aerial Survey Reports................................................................................... 69
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Atlas of Cetacean Sightings from Southwest Fisheries Science Center Cetacean and Ecosystem Surveys: 1986 – 2005
T�ffan�e.A..Ham�lton,.Jess�ca.V..Redfern,.Jay.Barlow,.L�sa.T..Ballance,.T�m.Gerrodette,.Renn�e.S..Holt,.Kar�n.A..Forney.and.Barbara.L..Taylor
INTRODUCTION
The Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) has surveyed the eastern Pacific Ocean to determ�ne.mar�ne.mammal.abundance.and.d�str�but�on.s�nce.the.m�d.1970s...Surveys.covered.areas.from.the.Ber�ng.Sea.�n.the.north.to.Peru.�n.the.south.and.as.far.west.as.the.Northwest.Hawa��an.Islands...These.efforts.have.y�elded.one.of.the.largest.collect�ons.of.mar�ne.mammal.s�ght�ngs.�n.the.world...These.data.represent.an.�nvaluable.resource.for.understand�ng.how.cetaceans.are.d�str�buted.and.for.address�ng.mar�ne.mammal.management.and.conservat�on.quest�ons.... .SWFSC.cetacean.d�str�but�on.data.have.not.been.mapped.�n.the�r.ent�rety...Lee.(1993).mapped.the.d�str�but�on.of.cetaceans.frequently.detected.on.surveys.conducted.by.the.SWFSC.from.1974.and.1985...In.th�s.report,.we.plot.cru�se.trackl�nes.and.s�ght�ng.locat�ons.for.cetacean.spec�es.that.were seen on SWFSC surveys in the eastern Pacific Ocean from 1986 to 2005.
CRUISE SUMMARIES
SWFSC.surveys.were.conducted.every.year.from.1986.to.2005.and.collect�vely.covered.a.w�de.range of geographic areas. Summaries of survey details are grouped below by five geographic areas..Cru�se.numbers.were.ass�gned.to.each.survey;.�f.two.vessels.were.used.on.the.same.survey,.each.was.ass�gned.a.d�st�nct.cru�se.number...Cru�se.numbers,.survey.dates,.and.cru�se.acronyms.are.g�ven.�n.Table.1.for.the.41.d�st�nct.cru�ses.conducted.by.the.SWFSC.from.1986.to.2005..Th�s.report.does.not.plot.s�ght�ngs.made.on.aer�al.surveys,.but.�nformat�on.on.s�ght�ngs.made.on.SWFSC.aer�al.surveys.�s.l�sted.�n.Append�x.V.
Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Cruises
The.pr�mary.object�ve.of.these.cru�ses.was.to.assess.the.status.of.dolph�n.stocks.that.have.been.incidentally affected by the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) purse-seine fishery. Dolphin abundance.was.est�mated.w�th.data.collected.us�ng.l�ne-transect.methods..Stud�es.of.dolph�n.school.compos�t�on,.behav�or,.acoust�cs,.molecular.ecology,.and.morpholog�cal.var�at�on.were.conducted.to.complement.the.abundance.research...To.prov�de.a.context.for.the.abundance.est�mates,.ecosystem.stud�es.were.conducted,.�nclud�ng.stud�es.of.phys�cal.and.b�olog�cal.oceanography, prey fishes and squids, and other apex predators.
S�nce.1986,.cetacean.and.ecosystem.assessment.surveys.have.been.conducted.�n.the.eastern.
tropical Pacific in eleven different years: a) a five-year series (1986 – 1990) known as Mon�tor�ng.of.Porpo�se.Stocks.(MOPS),.b).a.two-year.ser�es.(1992.and.1993).known.as.Populat�on.of.Delphinus.Stocks.(PODS),.c).a.three-year.ser�es.(1998.–.2000).known.as.Stenella.Populat�on.Abundance.Mon�tor�ng.(SPAM.–.1998).and.Stenella.Abundance.Research.(STAR.–.1999,.2000),.and.d).a.STAR.survey.�n.2003...Cru�se.trackl�nes.and.assoc�ated.Beaufort.sea.states.are.dep�cted.�n.F�gures.2a-c...The.study.area.extends.from.the.US-Mex�co.border.to.the.terr�tor�al.waters.of.Peru.(30º.north.to.18º.south);.�t.�s.bounded.on.the.east.by.the.cont�nental.shores.of.the.Amer�cas.and.to.the.west.by.Hawa��.(153º.west)...Each.survey.d�ffered.somewhat.�n.�ts.study.area.boundar�es,.but.all.cru�ses.followed.the.same.general.protocols...Three.Nat�onal.Ocean�c.and.Atmospher�c.Adm�n�strat�on.(NOAA).research.sh�ps.(R/V.David Starr Jordan,.R/V.McArthur,.and.R/V.McArthur II).and.one.UNOLS.sh�p.(R/V.Endeavor).were.used;.�n.most.years,.two.NOAA.sh�ps.worked.s�multaneously.�n.d�fferent.parts.of.the.study.area.for.approx�mately.4.months..Deta�ls.on.the.cetacean.and.ecosystem.research.conducted.between.1986.and.2003.can.be.found.�n.the.l�st.of.NOAA.Techn�cal.Memoranda.�n.Append�x.I...Add�t�onal.�nformat�on.�s.ava�lable.at.http://swfsc.noaa.gov/PRD-star.aspx.
Northern Gulf of California Vaquita Cruise
The.vaqu�ta.(Phocoena sinus).�s.an.endangered.porpo�se.endem�c.to.a.small.area.�n.the.northern.Gulf of California. The immediate threat to vaquita is bycatch in gillnet fisheries in the upper Gulf...The.overall.object�ve.of.th�s.jo�nt.project.conducted.between.the.US.Nat�onal.Mar�ne.F�sher�es.Serv�ce.(NMFS).and.the.Mex�can.Inst�tuto.Nac�onal.de.Pesca.(INP).�n.1997.was.to.collect.data.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.the.vaqu�ta...The.secondary.object�ve.was.to.collect.b�olog�cal.and.oceanograph�c.data.to.character�ze.vaqu�ta.hab�tat...
The.study.area.for.the.cru�se.was.the.northern.end.of.the.Gulf.of.Cal�forn�a,.where.the.Colorado.River flows into the Gulf. The southern boundary points for the study area were Punta Final (29°.46’.N).on.the.west.s�de.of.the.Gulf,.and.Punta.Jaghey.(30°.48’.N).on.the.east.s�de,.�n.waters.less.than.100.meters...A.gr�d.of.trackl�nes.was.des�gned.to.cover.th�s.ent�re.area,.w�th.the.h�ghest.coverage.�n.the.area.w�th.the.most.h�stor�cal.s�ght�ngs...Cru�se.trackl�nes.and.assoc�ated.Beaufort.sea.states.are.dep�cted.�n.F�gure.2c....
Three.vessels.collected.l�ne-transect.data...The.R/V.David Starr Jordan,.a.NOAA.research.sh�p,.was.the.ma�n.vessel.and.surveyed.the.deep.port�ons.of.the.study.area...The.Buque.de.Invest�gac�on.Pesquera.(BIP).XI,.an.INP.research.vessel.that.was.converted.from.a.74.foot.shr�mp.trawler,.worked.�n.conjunct�on.w�th.the.DSJ.to.complete.the.survey...The.BIP.XI.surveyed.shallow.water.areas.(�.e.,.less.than.20.meters.deep).around.the.coastl�ne.of.the.Gulf...A.small.open.boat,.called.a.panga,.was.used.to.survey.�n.very.shallow.waters.at.the.extreme.north.of.the.Gulf...Mar�ne.mammal.surveys.were.also.conducted.on.the.R/V.David Starr Jordan.dur�ng.the.trans�t.between.the.study.area.and.San.D�ego.
Selected vaquita publications are in Appendix II. Specific results from the 1997 cruise can be found.�n.Jaram�llo-Legorreta.et.al..(1999)...General.�nformat�on.about.the.vaqu�ta.�s.ava�lable.at.
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http://www.vaquitamarina.org/english/info_gral.php.
West Coast Marine Mammal and Ecosystem Assessment Surveys
The.pr�mary.object�ve.of.the.West.Coast.mar�ne.mammal.surveys.was.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.all.cetacean.spec�es.w�th�n.th�s.area.us�ng.l�ne-transect.methods...To.�ncrease.our.understand�ng.of.cetacean.abundance.trends.and.d�str�but�on.patterns,.the.pelag�c.ecosystem.was.character�zed.through.the.collect�on.of.underway.and.stat�on-based.b�olog�cal.and.oceanograph�c.data, seabird studies, and acoustic sampling. Biopsy sampling and photo-identification studies were.also.conducted.for.spec�es.of.spec�al.�nterest...Sh�p.surveys.of.mar�ne.mammal.abundance.were.conducted.w�th�n.300.naut�cal.m�les.of.the.US.West.Coast.�n.1991,.1993,.1996,.2001,.and.2005...Cru�se.trackl�nes.and.assoc�ated.Beaufort.sea.states.are.shown.�n.F�gure.2d...Each.survey.d�ffered.somewhat.�n.the.goals.and.study.area.boundar�es,.and.d�fferent.names.and.acronyms.were.used,.but.all.followed.the.same.survey.protocols...Three.NOAA.research.sh�ps.were.used.on.these.surveys.(R/V.David Starr Jordan,.R/V.McArthur,.and.R/V.McArthur II),.often.w�th.two.sh�ps.be�ng.used.�n.the.same.year.for.d�fferent.parts.of.the.survey.
The.Cal�forn�a.Mar�ne.Mammal.Survey.(CAMMS).�n.1991.surveyed.only.those.waters.offshore.of.Cal�forn�a...The.CAMMS.survey.followed.a.un�form.gr�d.of.trackl�nes.between.the.coast.and.approx�mately.300.nm�.offshore.and.also.�ncluded.c�rcumnav�gat�ons.of.most.of.the.Channel.Islands.�n.Southern.Cal�forn�a...The.Populat�ons.of.Delphinus.Stocks.(PODS).survey.�n.1993.covered.the.CAMMS.study.area.us�ng.a.sparser.sampl�ng.gr�d,.but.also.covered.the.range.of.Delphinus.spec�es.(D. delphis.and.D..capensis).along.the.west.coast.of.Baja.Cal�forn�a,.Mex�co,.and.�n.the.Gulf.of.Cal�forn�a...Although.the.PODS.survey.emphas�zed.abundance.est�mat�on.for.these.two.spec�es,.data.for.all.spec�es.were.collected.us�ng.the.same.protocols.as.other.West.Coast.surveys...The.Oregon,.Cal�forn�a,.Wash�ngton.L�ne-transect.Exper�ment.(ORCAWALE).surveys.�n.1996.and.2001.expanded.the.study.area.to.�nclude.waters.off.Oregon.and.Wash�ngton...The.Collaborat�ve.Survey.of.Cetacean.Abundance.and.the.Pelag�c.Ecosystem.(CSCAPE).�n.2005.covered.the.study.area.(CA,.OR.and.WA).w�th.a.un�form.survey.gr�d,.but.also.�ncluded.more.�ntens�ve.survey.efforts.w�th�n.several.of.the.NOAA.Nat�onal.Mar�ne.Sanctuar�es.on.the.US.West.Coast..Add�t�onal.references.to.West.Coast.Surveys.are.g�ven.�n.Append�x.III.
Central Pacific Cetacean Surveys
Ship surveys of cetacean abundance in the central Pacific have been conducted by the SWFSC in 1997,.2002,.and.2005...Cru�se.trackl�nes.and.assoc�ated.Beaufort.sea.states.are.shown.�n.F�gure.2e...Each.survey.d�ffered.somewhat.�n.the.goals.and.areas.surveyed,.and.d�fferent.names.and.acronyms.were.used,.but.all.followed.the.same.l�ne-transect.survey.protocols...Three.NOAA.research.sh�ps.were.used.on.these.surveys.(R/V.David Starr Jordan,.R/V.McArthur,.and.R/V.McArthur II).
The.Sperm.Whale.Abundance.and.Populat�on.Structure.(SWAPS).survey.�n.1997.was.des�gned.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.sperm.whales.(Physeter macrocephalus).�n.the.eastern.temperate.
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Pacific and to study sperm whale genetic population structure by collecting biopsy samples. This survey.was.conducted.�n.the.spr�ng.to.co�nc�de.w�th.the.presumed.breed�ng.season.of.sperm.whales...Th�s.survey.was.preceded.and.followed.by.two.shorter.cru�ses.�n.the.same.year.(TTOP.–.Tagg�ng.and.Track�ng.of.Physeter),.wh�ch.also.stud�ed.sperm.whales.and.collected.s�ght�ng.data.for.other.spec�es.off.the.Cal�forn�a.coastl�ne...A.summary.of.the.three.cru�ses.(SWAPS.and.two.TTOPs.cru�ses).can.be.found.�n.a.jo�nt.cru�se.report.(NMFS-SWFSC,.unpubl�shed)...Sperm.whale.data.from.SWAPS.were.used.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.sperm.whales.�n.the.study.area.(Barlow.and.Taylor.2005).
The.Hawa��an.Island.Cetacean.and.Ecosystem.Assessment.Survey.(HICEAS).�n.2002.was.des�gned.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.all.cetacean.spec�es.w�th�n.the.U.S..Exclus�ve.Econom�c.Zone (EEZ) around the Hawaiian Islands (Barlow 2006). The Pacific Island Cetacean and Ecosystem.Assessment.Survey.(PICEAS).�n.2005.was.des�gned.to.est�mate.the.abundance.of.all.cetacean.spec�es.w�th�n.the.EEZ.around.Palmyra.Atoll,.K�ngman.Reef,.and.Johnston.Atoll,.and.�n.the.waters.between.those.�slands.and.the.Hawa��an.Islands...A.summary.of.the.PICEAS.survey.results.can.be.found.�n.the.cru�se.report.(NMFS-SWFSC,.unpubl�shed)...Both.the.HICEAS.and.PICEAS.surveys.�ncluded.trans�ts.to.and.from.the.U.S..West.Coast.dur�ng.wh�ch.standard.survey.methods.were.used...Survey.reports.are.l�sted.�n.Append�x.IV.
Alaska Cetacean Surveys..The.Aleut�an.Island.Mar�ne.Mammal.Survey.(AIMMS).was.a.two-part.survey,.conducted.dur�ng.July.1994.off.the.coasts.of.Oregon.and.Wash�ngton,.and.dur�ng.August.1994.along.the.Aleut�an.Islands.�n.Alaska.us�ng.the.NOAA.R/V.Surveyor...The.study.was.a.collaborat�ve.effort.between.the NMFS, the U.S. Navy, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oregon State University, and the University of Washington. The first part of the.cru�se.was.des�gned.to.test.the.U.S..Navy’s.Integrated.Underseas.Surve�llance.Systems.as.a.tool.for.�nvest�gat�ng.the.movements.and.abundance.of.large.whales...The.pr�mary.object�ve.of.Leg.1.was.to.collect.underwater.acoust�c.record�ngs.�n.the.presence.of.large.whales.off.Oregon.and Washington to verify species identification. On Leg 2, a line transect survey was conducted south.of.the.Aleut�an.Islands,.Alaska,.w�th.the.object�ve.of.obta�n�ng.�nformat�on.on.the.present.abundance.and.d�str�but�on.of.large.whales.�n.the.reg�on.of.h�stor�cal.whal�ng.act�v�ty.south.of.the.Aleut�an.Islands...L�ne.transect.methods.were.appl�ed.along.a.set.of.11.transects.located.south.of.the.Aleut�an.Islands.between.Kod�ak.Island.and.Tanaga.Island.and.extend�ng.approx�mately.200.nm�.(370.km).southward.and.offshore...Blue.whales.(Balaenoptera.musculus).and.humpback.whales.(Megaptera.novaeangl�ae).were.of.part�cular.�nterest,.but.s�ght�ng.�nformat�on.was.recorded.for.all.encountered.cetacean.spec�es...In.add�t�on,.acoust�c.record�ngs,.t�ssue.samples,.and.photographs.of.�nd�v�dual.whales.were.opportun�st�cally.collected.
The North Pacific Right Whale Study (NORTHPAC) in 2002 was a dedicated study of the highly endangered.r�ght.whale.(Eubalaena japonica).populat�on.�n.the.eastern.Ber�ng.Sea.us�ng.the.NOAA.R/V.McArthur. The first leg of survey effort included a transit from Seattle through the Gulf.of.Alaska.to.Kod�ak.Island...The.subsequent.legs.pr�mar�ly.�ncluded.survey.effort.w�th�n.a defined area in the southeastern Bering Sea where right whales had been previously seen. Sightings of all species were recorded on this survey, although the emphasis was on finding,
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photograph�ng.and.obta�n�ng.b�opsy.sampl�ngs.from.r�ght.whales...The.Structure.of.Populat�ons.Levels.of.Abundance.and.Status.of.Humpbacks.(SPLASH).survey.in 2004 was part of a Pacific basin-wide collaborative project to study humpback whales. The NOAA.R/V.McArthur II was.used.to.survey.waters.from.Br�t�sh.Columb�a.through.Southeast.Alaska,.the.Gulf.of.Alaska,.Kod�ak.Island,.the.Alaska.Pen�nsula,.the.Aleut�an.Island.Cha�n,.and.the.southeastern.Ber�ng.Sea...The.pr�mary.focus.of.the.cru�se.was.to.obta�n.�nd�v�dual.identification photographs of humpback whale flukes and to obtain biopsy samples of humpback whales.for.genet�c.and.pollutant.stud�es...Dur�ng.th�s.survey,.however,.cetacean.s�ght�ngs.were.recorded.for.all.spec�es.
Cru�se.trackl�nes.and.assoc�ated.Beaufort.sea.states.for.all.Alaskan.surveys.are.shown.�n.F�gure.2f..
METHODS
On.all.surveys,.effort.was.compr�sed.of.three.observers.search�ng.for.cetaceans...Two.observers.used.h�gh.power.(25.x.150).“b�geye”.b�noculars.mounted.on.the.port.and.starboard.s�des.of.the.ships’ flying decks to scan from 10° on the opposite the trackline (i.e., just across the bow of the vessel).to.90°.perpend�cular...The.th�rd.observer,.the.des�gnated.data.recorder,.used.handheld.7.x.50.b�noculars.and.naked.eye.to.scan.the.ent�re.180°.�n.front.of.the.sh�p....Cetaceans were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level based on morphological characteristics. It is difficult to differentiate species of the genus Globicephala in the field, but G. melas is not known to occur north of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean. All Globicephala.sightings north of the Equator were classified as G. macrorhynchus and.s�ght�ngs.south.of.the.equator were classified as unidentified Globicephala.spp..unless.they.could.be.unamb�guously.classified to species. Kinzey et al. (2000) provide a thorough description of the SWFSC marine mammal.data.collect�on.procedures.on.research.sh�p.l�ne-transect.surveys....During each survey, line-transect data were recorded in ASCII files as a series of spatially referenced.events,.such.as.a.s�ght�ng.or.change.�n.effort,.observers,.and.cond�t�ons...For.example,.Beaufort.sea.state.was.recorded.because.�t.affects.the.probab�l�ty.of.detect�ng.cetaceans.(Barlow.et.al..2001)...When.a.s�ght�ng.occurred,.observers.�ndependently.recorded.three.group.s�ze.estimates: low, best, and high. If a sighting contained multiple species, observers estimated the percentage.of.each.spec�es.�n.the.group.....We used Perl programs to extract transect and sighting data from the ASCII files. It was assumed that.the.sh�p.traveled.�n.a.stra�ght.l�ne.between.events;.consequently,.transects.were.composed.of.a.ser�es.of.stra�ght-l�ne.segments.connect�ng.on-effort.events...We.d�fferent�ated.between.effort.on.planned.transects.and.effort.dur�ng.trans�t.to.planned.transects...Typ�cally,.the.Beaufort.sea.state.was.entered.�mmed�ately.follow�ng.the.start.of.a.segment...In.those.cases.where.�t.was.not.entered.�mmed�ately,.the.Beaufort.sea.state.recorded.closest.�n.t�me.to.the.start.of.the.segment.was.ass�gned.to.the.segment...A.new.segment.was.created.when.Beaufort.sea.state.changed...
6
Sighting data extracted from the ASCII files for each species included Beaufort sea state, effort (both.off-.and.on-effort.s�ght�ngs.were.output;.on-effort.s�ght�ngs.were.d�fferent�ated.�nto.the.effort.categor�es.descr�bed.for.the.transects),.whether.�t.was.a.m�xed.spec�es.s�ght�ng,.and.group.s�ze...The.best.est�mate.from.each.observer.was.averaged.to.obta�n.a.s�ngle.group.s�ze.est�mate.for.each.s�ght�ng...For.s�ght�ngs.conta�n�ng.mult�ple.spec�es,.we.averaged.the.percentage.of.each.spec�es.est�mated.by.the.observers...If.none.of.the.observers.prov�ded.a.best.est�mate.for.group.s�ze,.the.average.of.low.est�mates.for.group.s�ze.was.used...If.both.best.est�mates.and.low.est�mates.for.group.s�ze.or.an.est�mate.for.the.percentage.of.spec�es.�n.m�xed.groups.were.m�ss�ng,.the.s�ght�ng.was.excluded.from.the.map...
Cru�se.trackl�nes,.Beaufort.sea.states,.and.s�ght�ng.data.were.mapped.�n.ArcGIS.(ARCGIS.vers�on.9.2,.ESRI,.Inc.)...Maps.are.presented.�n.a.Lambert.az�muthal.equal-area.project�on...Th�s.project�on.�s.su�ted.for.mapp�ng.large.reg�ons.such.as.ocean.bas�ns;.�t.also.preserves.d�rect�on.and.the.area.of.�nd�v�dual.polygons...Consequently,.shapes.are.m�n�mally.d�storted.and.d�stance.�s.accurate.at.the.center.of.the.map.(Kennedy.and.Kopp.2000)..Each.map.dep�cts.a.spec�es’.d�str�but�on.as.well.as.cru�se.trackl�nes.(1986-2005).to.show.the.areas.that.were.surveyed.but.�n.wh�ch.no.s�ght�ngs.occurred...A.three.color.grad�ent.d�fferent�ates.between.both.group.s�zes.and.Beaufort.sea.states...Breaks.�n.group.s�ze.were.chosen.such.that.a.near.even.d�str�but�on.was.dep�cted...In.the.case.of.sperm.whales,.the.smallest.group.s�ze.was.set.to.one.an�mal...These.are.often.sol�tary.males,.wh�ch.exh�b�t.d�fferent.behav�ors.than.males.found.�n.female.groups.(Wh�tehead.2003)...Breaks.�n.Beaufort.sea.state.were.chosen.by.the.sever�ty.of.the.sea.state..
RESULTS
Cru�se.trackl�nes.are.presented.�n.F�gure.1...Beaufort.sea.states.are.shown.by.geograph�cal.locat�on.�n.F�gures.2a-f...Deta�ls.of.the.cru�ses.are.l�sted.�n.Table.1...D�str�but�onal.maps.of.cetaceans occurring in the eastern Pacific Ocean and cruise tracklines from 1986 to 2005 are shown.�n.F�gures.3.to.51...D�str�but�ons.were.not.mapped.for.spec�es.that.were.encountered.�nfrequently.(Table.2)..The.maps.are.presented.�n.alphabet�cal.order.by.genus.and.spec�es...Those.spec�es.w�th.few.s�ght�ngs.are.excluded.from.the.atlas.(Table.2)...For.example,.gray.whales.(Eschrichtius robustus),.although.relat�vely.abundant,.are.not.�ncluded.�n.the.atlas.because.the�r.m�grat�on.pattern.does.not.co�nc�de.w�th.the.survey.areas.dur�ng.the.August.–.December.cru�ses....Four.spec�es.of.Mesoplodonts.(Mesoplodon.carlhubbsi,.Mesoplodon densirostris,.Mesoplodon pacificus,.and.Mesoplodon stejnegeri).were.rarely.encountered;.these.spec�es.are.presented.on.one map (Figure 26). Pitman and Lynn (2001) found unidentified Mesoplodon sp..(spec�es.code.083).to.be.males.of.Mesoplodon peruvianus...Therefore,.s�ght�ngs.for.these.two.spec�es.are.comp�led.�n.a.s�ngle.map.ent�tled,.Mesoplodon peruvianus (F�gure.27)........
7
REFERENCES
Barlow.J.,.T..Gerrodette,.and.J..Forcada..2001..Factors.affect�ng.perpend�cular.s�ght�ng.d�stances.on shipboard line-transect surveys for cetaceans. J Cetacean Res Manage 3:201-212
Barlow,.J..and.B..L..Taylor...2005...Est�mates.of.sperm.whale.abundance.�n.the.northeastern.temperate Pacific from a combined acoustic and visual survey. Marine Mammal Science 21:429-445.
Barlow,.J...2006...Cetacean.abundance.�n.Hawa��an.waters.est�mated.from.a.summer/fall.survey.in 2002. Marine Mammal Science 22(2):446-464.
Jaram�llo-Legorreta,.A..M.,.L..Rojas-Bracho,.and.T..Gerrodette..1999..A.new.abundance.est�mate.for vaquitas: first step for recovery. Marine Mammal Science 15:957-973.
Kennedy,.M..and.S..Kopp...2000...Understanding Map Projections: GIS by ESRI. ArcGIS.8.concept.gu�des..Redlands, CA: ESRI, Inc. 116pp.
K�nzey,.D.,.T..Gerrodette,.J..Barlow,.A..D�zon,.W..Perryman,.and.P..Olson..2000..Mar�ne.mammal data collected during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean aboard the.NOAA.sh�ps.McArthur.and.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan,.July.28.-.December.9,.1999...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-293...89pp.
.Lee,.T...1993...Summary.of.cetacean.survey.data.collected.between.the.years.of.1974.and.1985...NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-181...184pp.
Pitman, R.L. and M. S. Lynn. 2001. Biological observations of an unidentified mesoplodont whale in the eastern tropical Pacific and probable identity: Mesoplodon peruvianus..Marine Mammal Science 17(3):648-657.
Whitehead, H. 2003. Sperm whales: Social evolution in the ocean. University of Chicago Press, Ch�cago,.IL.
8
Tabl
e.1.
..Sum
mar
y.of
.cet
acea
n.an
d.ec
osys
trem
.cru
�ses
,.198
6-20
05.
Cru
�se.
Num
ber
Dat
eR
esea
rch.
V ess
elSu
rvey
.Reg
�on
Cru
ise A
cron
ym a
nd D
efini
tion
0989
Jul-D
ec.1
986
Jord
anEa
ster
n.Tr
op�c
al.
Paci
fic (E
TP)
MO
PSM
on�to
r�ng.
of.P
orpo
�se.
Stoc
ks
0990
Jul-D
ec. 1
986
McA
rthur
ETP
MO
PS10
80Ju
l-Dec
. 198
7M
cArth
urET
PM
OPS
1081
Aug
-Dec
-198
7Jo
rdan
ETP
MO
PS11
64Ju
l-Dec
. 198
8Jo
rdan
ETP
MO
PS11
65Ju
l-Dec
. 198
8M
cArth
urET
PM
OPS
1267
Jul-D
ec. 1
989
Jord
anET
PM
OPS
1268
Jul-D
ec. 1
989
McA
rthur
ETP
MO
PS13
69Ju
l-Dec
. 199
0Jo
rdan
ETP
MO
PS13
70Ju
l-Dec
. 199
0M
cArth
urET
PM
OPS
1426
Jul-N
ov. 1
991
McA
rthur
Cal
�forn
�aC
AM
MS
Cal
�forn
�a.M
ar�n
e.M
amm
al.S
urve
y14
67Ju
l-Nov
. 199
2M
cArth
urET
PPO
DS
Popu
lat�o
n.of
.Del
ph�n
us.S
tock
s.14
68Ju
l-Nov
. 199
2Jo
rdan
ETP
POD
S15
08Ju
l-Nov
. 199
3M
cArth
urU
.S..W
est.C
oast
/M
ex�c
oPO
DS
1509
Jul-N
ov. 1
993
Jord
anU
.S..W
est.C
oast
/M
ex�c
oPO
DS
1546
Jul-A
ug. 1
994
Surv
eyor
Ala
ska
AIM
MS
Ale
ut�a
n.Is
land
s.Mar
�ne.
Mam
mal
.Sur
vey
1601
Sep-
Nov
. 199
5M
cArth
urET
PC
AD
DIS
Cet
acea
n.A
cous
t�c.D
etec
t�on.
and.
D�v
e.In
terv
al.S
tud-
�es
1604
Jul-N
ov. 1
996
McA
rthur
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stO
RC
AWA
LEO
rego
n,.C
al�fo
rn�a
,.and
.Was
h�ng
ton.
Mar
�ne.
Mam
mal
.Su
rvey
1605
Sep-
Nov
. 199
6Jo
rdan
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stO
RC
AWA
LE16
06Fe
b-M
ar. 1
997
McA
rthur
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stT-
Top
1607
Mar
-Jun
.199
7M
cArth
urC
entra
l Pac
ific
SWA
PSSp
erm
.Wha
le.A
bund
ance
.and
.Pop
ulat
�on.
Stru
ctur
e.Su
rvey
1608
Aug
-Sep
. 199
7Jo
rdan
ETP
VAQ
TVa
qu�ta
.Sur
vey
1609
Oct
. 199
7Jo
rdan
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stT-
TOP2
1610
Jul-D
ec. 1
998
McA
rthur
ETP
SPA
MSt
enel
la.P
opul
at�o
n.A
bund
ance
.Mon
�tor�n
g.su
rvey
9
Tabl
e.1.
..Sum
mar
y.of
.cet
acea
n.an
d.ec
osys
trem
.cru
�ses
,.198
6-20
05.
Cru
�se.
Num
ber
Dat
eR
esea
rch.
V ess
elSu
rvey
.Reg
�on
Cru
ise A
cron
ym a
nd D
efini
tion
1611
Jul-D
ec.1
998
Ende
avor
ETP
SPA
M16
12Ju
l-Dec
. 199
8Jo
rdan
ETP
SPA
M16
13Ju
l-Dec
. 199
9Jo
rdan
ETP
STA
RSt
enel
la.A
bund
ance
.Res
earc
h.pr
ojec
t16
14Ju
l-Dec
. 199
9M
cArth
urET
PST
AR
1615
Jul-D
ec. 2
000
Jord
anET
PST
AR
1616
Jul-D
ec. 2
000
McA
rthur
ETP
STA
R16
17Ju
l-Nov
. 200
1Jo
rdan
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stO
RC
AWA
LE16
19N
ov-D
ec. 2
001
McA
rthur
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stO
RC
AWA
LE16
20Ju
l-Sep
. 200
2M
cArth
urA
lask
aN
ORT
HPA
CN
orth
Pac
ific
Rig
ht W
hale
Stu
dy16
21Ju
l-Dec
. 200
2Jo
rdan
Cen
tral P
acifi
cH
ICEA
SH
awa�
�an.
Isla
nds.C
etac
ean.
and.
Ecos
yste
m.A
sses
s-m
ent.S
urve
y16
22O
ct-D
ec. 2
002
McA
rthur
Cen
tral P
acifi
cH
ICEA
S16
23Ju
l-Dec
. 200
3M
cArth
ur.II
ETP
STA
R16
24Ju
l-Dec
. 200
3Jo
rdan
ETP
STA
R16
25Ju
n-N
ov. 2
004
McA
rthur
.IIA
lask
aSP
LASH
Stru
ctur
e.of
.Pop
ulat
�ons
,.Lev
els.o
f.Abu
ndan
ce.a
nd.
Stat
us.o
f.Hum
pbac
ks16
27Ju
n-Ju
l. 200
5M
cArth
ur.II
U.S
..Wes
t.Coa
stC
SCA
PEC
olla
bora
t�ve.
Surv
ey.o
f.Cet
acea
n.A
bund
ance
.and
.the.
Pela
g�c.
Ecos
yste
m16
28A
ug-D
ec. 2
005
Jord
anU
.S..W
est.C
oast
CSC
APE
1629
Jul-N
ov. 2
005
McA
rthur
.IIC
entra
l Pac
ific
PIC
EAS
Paci
fic Is
land
s Cet
acea
n Ec
osys
tem
Ass
essm
ent
Surv
ey
F�gure.1...Cru�se.trackl�nes.surveyed.by.the.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center,.1986-2005.....
10
Table.2...Spec�es.excluded.from.the.atlas.due.to.few.or.no.s�ght�ngs.Spec�es.Code Spec�es Standard.Common.Name035 Glob�cephala.melas Long-finned pilot whale042 Phocoena.sp�n�p�nn�s Burme�ster’s.porpo�se045 Delph�napteras.leucas Wh�te.whale050 Hyperoodon.plan�frons Southern.bottlenose.whale053 Mesoplodon.hector� Hector’s.beaked.whale056 Mesoplodon.b�dens Sowerby’s.beaked.whale057 Mesoplodon.g�nkgodens G�nkgo-toothed.beaked.whale060 Mesoplodon.layard�� Strap-toothed.beaked.whale069 Eschr�cht�us.robustus Gray.whale
11
F�gures.2a-b..Cru�se.trackl�nes.show�ng.Beaufort.sea.state.by.geograph�cal.reg�on,.1986-2005.
a.
b.
12
c.
d.
F�gures.2b-c..Cru�se.trackl�nes.show�ng.Beaufort.sea.state.by.geograph�cal.reg�on,.1986-2005.
13
e.
f.
F�gures.2e-f..Cru�se.trackl�nes.show�ng.Beaufort.sea.state.by.geograph�cal.reg�on,.1986-2005.
F�gu
re.3
...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.com
mon
.m�n
ke.w
hale
,.Bal
aeno
pter
a ac
utor
ostr
ata,
.spec
�es.c
ode.
071.
14
F�gu
re.4
...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.se�.w
hale
,.Bal
aeno
pter
a bo
real
is,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
073.
15
Figu
re 5
. D
istri
butio
n of
rorq
ual i
dent
ified
as a
sei o
r Bry
de’s
wha
le, B
alae
nopt
era
bore
alis
/ede
ni,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
099.
16
17
F�gu
re.6
...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.Bry
de’s
.wha
le,.B
alae
nopt
era
eden
i,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.07
2.
18
F�gu
re.7
...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.blu
e.w
hale
,.Bal
aeno
pter
a m
uscu
lus,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
075.
19
Figu
re 8
. D
istri
butio
n of
fin
wha
le, B
alae
nopt
era
phys
alus
,.spe
c�es
.cod
e.07
4.
20
Figu
re 9
. D
istri
butio
n of
uni
dent
ified
rorq
ual,
Bala
enop
tera
.sp.,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
070.
21
F�gu
re.1
0...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.Ba�
rd’s
.bea
ked.
wha
le,.B
erar
ius b
aird
ii,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.06
3.
22
F�gu
re.1
1...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.Baj
a.ne
r�t�c
.com
mon
.dol
ph�n
,.Del
phin
us c
apen
sis,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
016.
23
F�gu
re.1
2...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.offs
hore
.com
mon
.dol
ph�n
,.Del
phin
us d
elph
is,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
017.
24
Figu
re 1
3. D
istri
butio
n of
uni
dent
ified
com
mon
dol
phin
, Del
phin
us.sp
.,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.00
5.
25
Figu
re 1
4. D
istri
butio
n of
Nor
th P
acifi
c rig
ht w
hale
, Eub
alae
na ja
poni
ca,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
066.
26
F�gu
re.1
5...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.pyg
my.
k�lle
r.wha
le,.F
eres
a at
tenu
ata,
.spec
�es.c
ode.
032.
27
Figu
re 1
6. D
istri
butio
n of
shor
t-finn
ed p
ilot w
hale
, Glo
bice
phal
a m
acro
rhyn
hus,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
036.
28
Figu
re 1
7. D
istri
butio
n of
uni
dent
ified
pilo
t wha
le, G
lobi
ceph
ala.
sp.,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
034.
29
F�gu
re.1
8...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.R�s
so’s
.dol
ph�n
,.Gra
mpu
s gri
seus
,.spe
c�es
.cod
e.02
1.
30
F�gu
re.1
9...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.pyg
my.
sper
m.w
hale
,.Kog
ia b
revi
ceps
,.spe
c�es
.cod
e.04
7.
31
F�gu
re.2
0...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.dw
arf.s
perm
.wha
le,.K
ogia
sim
a,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.04
8.
32
Figu
re 2
1. D
istri
butio
n of
uni
dent
ified
dw
arf o
r pyg
my
sper
m w
hale
, Kog
ia.sp
.,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.08
0.
33
F�gu
re.2
2...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.Fra
ser’s
.dol
ph�n
,.Lag
enod
elph
is h
osei
,.spe
c�es
.cod
e.02
6.
34
Figu
re 2
3. D
istri
butio
n of
Pac
ific
whi
te-s
ided
dol
phin
, Lag
enor
hync
hus o
bliq
uide
ns,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
022.
35
F�gu
re.2
4...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.nor
ther
n.r�g
ht.w
hale
.dol
ph�n
,.Lis
sode
lphi
s bor
ealis
,.spe
c�es
.cod
e.02
7.
36
F�gu
re.2
5...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.hum
pbac
k.w
hale
,.Meg
apte
ra n
ovae
angl
iae,
.spec
�es.c
ode.
076.
37
F�gu
re.2
6...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.four
.Mes
oplo
don
beak
ed w
hale
s: H
ubb’
s (M
. car
lhub
bsi),
.Bla
�nev
�lle’
s.(M
. den
siro
stri
s),.
Long
man
’s.(M
. pac
ificu
s),.S
te�n
ger’s
.(M. s
tejn
eger
i),.sp
ec�e
s.cod
es.0
52,.0
59,.0
65,.0
81,.r
espe
ct�v
ely.
38
F�gu
re.2
7...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.pyg
my.
beak
ed.w
hale
,.Mes
oplo
don
peru
vian
us,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
001,
.083
.
39
Figu
re 2
8. D
istri
butio
n of
uni
dent
ified
Mes
oplo
dont
, Mes
oplo
don.
sp.,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
051.
40
F�gu
re.2
9...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.k�ll
er.w
hale
,.Orc
inus
orc
a,.sp
ec�e
s.cod
e.03
7.
41
F�gu
re.3
0...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.mel
on-h
eade
d.w
hale
,.Pep
onoc
epha
la.e
lect
ra,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
031.
42
F�gu
re.3
1...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.har
bor.p
orpo
�se,
.Pho
coen
a.ph
ocoe
na,.s
pec�
es.c
ode.
040.
43
F�gu
re.3
2...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.vaq
u�ta
,.Pho
coen
a si
nus,.
spec
�es.c
ode.
041.
44
F�gu
re.3
3...D
�str�
but�o
n.of
.Dal
l’s.p
orpo
�se,
.Pho
coen
oide
s dal
li,.sp
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63
APPENDIX I - Eastern Tropical Pacific Cetacean and Ecosystem Assessment Survey Reports
.Allen, A. C., S. Mesnick, and T. Gerrodette. 2000. Evasive behavior of eastern tropical Pacific
dolph�ns.relat�ve.to.research.vessels,.1986-90.and.1998...NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC,.Adm�n�strat�ve.Report.LJ-00-09.
Ambrose,.D..A.,.R..L..Charter,.H..G..Moser,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2000..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data for surface tows taken during the 1988 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-288.
Ambrose,.D.A.,.R.L..Charter,.H.G..Moser,.S.R..Charter,.and.W..Watson..2002a..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data.for.surface.(Manta).and.obl�que.(Bongo).plankton.tows.taken.dur�ng.a.survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean July 30 - December 9, 1998. U.S. Department of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-337.
Ambrose,.D.A.,.R.L..Charter,.H.G..Moser,.B.S..MacCall,.and.W..Watson..2002b..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data.for.surface.(manta).and.obl�que.(bongo).plankton.tows.taken during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean July 28 - December 9, 2000. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-342.
Charter,.S..R.,.R..L..Charter,.H..G..Moser,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2000..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data for surface tows taken during the 1989 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-289.
H�ll,.P.S.,.A..Jackson,.and.T..Gerrodette..1990a..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern tropical Pacific aboard the research vessel McArthur July 29 - December 7, 1989. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-143.
H�ll,.P.S.,.A..Jackson,.and.T..Gerrodette..1990b..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern tropical Pacific aboard the research vessel David Starr Jordan July 29 - December 7,.1989..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-142.
H�ll,.P.S.,.A..Jackson,.and.T..Gerrodette..1991a..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern tropical Pacific aboard the research vessel McArthur July 28 - December 6, 1990. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-159.
H�ll,.P.S.,.R.C..Rasmussen,.and.T..Gerrodette..1991b..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern tropical Pacific aboard the research vessel David Starr Jordan July 28 - December 6,.1990..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-
64
NMFS-SWFSC-158.
Holt,.R.S..and.A..Jackson..1987a..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific aboard the research vessel McArthur July 29 - December 6, 1986. U.S. Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-77.
Holt,.R.S..and.S.N..Sexton..1987b..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific aboard the research vessel David Starr Jordan, July 29 - December 5, 1986. U.S. Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-76.
Holt,.R.S..and.A..Jackson..1988a..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific aboard the research vessel McArthur July 30 - December 10, 1987. U.S. Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-116.
Holt,.R.S..and.S.N..Sexton..1988b..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific aboard the research vessel David Starr Jordan, August 8 - December 10, 1987. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-117.
Holt,.R.S..and.S.N..Sexton..1989..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific aboard the research vessel David Starr Jordan July 28 - December 6, 1988. U.S. Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-129.
K�nzey,.D.,.T..Gerrodette,.J..Barlow,.A..D�zon,.W..Perryman,.P..Olson,.and.A..Von.Saunder..1999. Marine mammal data collected during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.aboard.the.NOAA.sh�ps.McArthur.and.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.the.UNOLS.sh�p.Endeavor.July.31.-.December.9,.1998..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-283..113pp.
K�nzey,.D.,.T..Gerrodette,.A..D�zon,.W..Perryman,.P..Olson,.and.S..Rank�n..2001..Mar�ne.mammal data collected during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean aboard the.NOAA.sh�ps.McArthur.and.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan,.July.28.-.December.9,.2000...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-303...107pp.
L�erh�emer,.L.J.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Balance,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1989a. Report of ecosystem studies conducted during the 1988 eastern tropical Pacific dolph�n.survey.on.the.research.vessel.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-132.
L�erh�emer,.L.J.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Ballance,.G.G..Thomas,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1989b..Report.of.ecosystem.stud�es.conducted.dur�ng.the.1988.eastern.trop�cal.
65
Pacific dolphin survey on the research vessel David Starr Jordan. U.S. Department of Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-131.
L�erh�emer,.L.J.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Ballance,.S.C..Beavers,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1990a..Report.of.ecosystem.stud�es.conducted.dur�ng.the.1989.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific dolphin survey on the research vessel McArthur. U.S. Department of Commerce. NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-140.
L�erh�emer,.L.J.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Ballance,.S.C..Beavers,.G.G..Thomas,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1990b..Report.of.ecosystem.stud�es.conducted.dur�ng.the.1989 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the research vessel David Starr Jordan. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-139.
Moser,.H..G.,.R..L..Charter,.S..B..Re�lly,.D..A..Ambrose,.S..R..Charter,.E..M..Sandknop,.and.W..Watson..2000..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data.for.surface.tows.taken.dur�ng.the.1987.eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the research vessels David Starr Jordan and McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-287.
Olson,.P.A.,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Ballance,.and.S.B..Re�lly..2000..Summary.of.seab�rd,.mar�ne.turtle, and surface fauna data collected during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific ocean,.July.30.-.December.9,.1998..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-298.
Olson,.P.A.,.P�tman,.R.L.,.Ballance,.L.T.,.Hough,.K.R.,.Dutton,.P.,.and.S.B..Re�lly..2001a..Summary.of.seab�rd,.mar�ne.turtle,.and.surface.fauna.data.collected.dur�ng.a.survey.in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, July 28-December 9, 1999. U.S. Department of Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC-301.
Olson,.P.A.,.P�tman,.R.L.,.Ballance,.L.T.,.Hough,.K.R.,.Dutton,.P.H.,.and.S.B..Re�lly..2001b..Summary.of.seab�rd,.mar�ne.turtle,.and.surface.fauna.data.collected.dur�ng.a.survey.in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, July 28-December 9, 2000. U.S. Department of Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC-304.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V.A.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Balance,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1991a. Report of ecosystem studies conducted during the 1990 eastern tropical Pacific dolph�n.survey.on.the.research.vessel.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-161.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V.A.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.L.T..Ballance,.G.G..Thomas,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1991b..Report.of.ecosystem.stud�es.conducted.dur�ng.the.1990.eastern.trop�cal.Pacific dolphin survey on the research vessel David Starr Jordan. U.S. Department of Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-160.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V.A.,.P.C..F�edler,.S.B..Re�lly,.R.L..P�tman,.and.L.T..Ballance..1993..Report.of.
66
ecosystem studies conducted during the 1992 eastern tropical Pacific common dolphin survey.on.the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-180.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V..A.,.P..C..F�edler,.J..T..Fluty,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2001a..Report.of.oceanograph�c.studies conducted during the 1998 eastern tropical Pacific Ocean survey on the research vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan,.McArthur,.and.Endeavor..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC-307.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V..A.,.P..C..F�edler,.J..T..Fluty,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2001b..Report.of.oceanograph�c.studies conducted during the 1999 eastern tropical Pacific Ocean survey on the research vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC-308.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V..A.,.P..C..F�edler,.J..T..Fluty,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2001c..Report.of.oceanograph�c.studies conducted during the 2000 eastern tropical Pacific Ocean survey on the research vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-NMFS-SWFSC-309.
Sandknop,.E..M.,.R..L..Charter,.H..G..Moser,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2000..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data for surface tows taken during the 1990 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-290.
Sexton,.S.N.,.R.S..Holt,.and.A..Jackson..1989..Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.eastern.tropical Pacific aboard the research vessel McArthur July 28 - December 6, 1988. U.S. Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum,.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-128.
Thayer,.V.G.,.B.G..McDonald,.J.M..Ell�ngson,.C.W..Ol�ver,.D.W..Behr�nger,.and.S.B..Re�lly..1988a. Report of ecosystem studies conducted during the 1986 eastern tropical Pacific dolph�n.survey.on.the.research.vessel.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-104.
Thayer,.V.G.,.S.B..Re�lly,.P.C..F�edler,.R.L..P�tman,.G.G..Thomas,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1988b..Report of ecosystem studies during the 1986 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on the.research.vessel.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-105.
Thayer,.V.G.,.S.B..Re�lly,.P.C..F�edler,.C.W..Ol�ver,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1988c..Report.of.ecosystem studies conducted during the 1987 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on.the.research.vessel.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-114.
Thayer,.V.G.,.S.B..Re�lly,.P.C..F�edler,.R.L..P�tman,.G.G..Thomas,.and.D.W..Behr�nger..1988d..Report of ecosystem studies during the 1987 eastern tropical Pacific dolphin survey on
67
the.research.vessel.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-115.
Watson,.W.,.R..L..Charter,.H..G..Moser,.and.S..B..Re�lly..2000..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data.for surface tows taken during the 1992 eastern tropical Pacific common dolphin survey on the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-291.
Watson,.W.,.E.M..Sandknop,.S.R..Charter,.D.A..Ambrose,.R.L..Charter,.and.H.G..Moser..2002..Ichthyoplankton.and.stat�on.data.for.surface.(Manta).and.obl�que.(Bongo).plankton.tows.taken during a survey in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean July 28 - December 9, 1999. U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-338.
APPENDIX II – Northern Gulf of California Vaquita Survey Reports
Barlow,.J.,.T..Gerrodette,.and.G..S�lber..1997..F�rst.est�mates.of.vaqu�ta.abundance..Mar..Mamm..Sci. 13:44-58.
D’Agrosa,.C.,.C..E..Lennert-Cody,.and.O..V�dal..2000..Vaqu�ta.bycatch.�n.Mex�co’s.art�sanal.gillnet fisheries: driving a small population to extinction. Conserv. Biol. 14:1110-1119.
Rojas-Bracho,.L.,.and.B..L..Taylor..1999..R�sk.factors.affect�ng.the.vaqu�ta.(Phocoena.s�nus)..Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15:974-989.
Taylor,.B..L.,.and.L..Rojas-Bracho..1999..Exam�n�ng.the.r�sk.of.�nbreed�ng.depress�on.�n.a.naturally rare cetacean, the vaquita (Phocoena sinus). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15:1004-1028.
APPENDIX III - West Coast Marine Mammal and Ecosystem Survey Reports
Appler,.J.,.J..Barlow,.and.S..Rank�n...2004...Mar�ne.mammal.data.collected.dur�ng.the.Oregon,.Cal�forn�a.and.Wash�ngton.l�ne-transect.exped�t�ons.(ORCAWALE).conducted.aboard.the.NOAA.sh�ps.McArthur.and.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan,.July-Dec.2001...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-359...28pp.
Barlow, J. 1994. Abundance of large whales in California coastal waters: a comparison of ship surveys in 1979/80 and in 1991. Rept. Int. Whal. Commn. 44:399-406.
Barlow, J. 1995. The abundance of cetaceans in California waters. Part I: Ship surveys in summer and fall of 1991. Fish. Bull. 93:1-14.
Barlow,.J..and.T..Gerrodette...1996...Abundance.of.cetaceans.�n.Cal�forn�a.waters.based.on.1991.and.1993.sh�p.surveys...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-233...15pp.
68
Barlow,.J...1997...Prel�m�nary.est�mates.of.cetacean.abundance.off.Cal�forn�a,.Oregon,.and.Wash�ngton.based.on.a.1996.sh�p.survey.and.compar�sons.of.pass�ng.and.clos�ng.modes...NOAA.Nat�onal.Mar�ne.F�sher�es.Serv�ce,.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center.Adm�n�strat�ve.Report.LJ-97-11...25pp.
Barlow,.J..and.B..L..Taylor...2001...Est�mates.of.large.whale.abundance.off.Cal�forn�a,.Oregon,.Wash�ngton,.and.Baja.Cal�forn�a.based.on.1993.and.1996.sh�p.surveys...NOAA.Nat�onal.Mar�ne.F�sher�es.Serv�ce,.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center.Adm�n�strat�ve.Report.LJ-01-03...
Barlow,.J...2003...Prel�m�nary.Est�mates.of.the.Abundance.of.Cetaceans.along.the.U.S..West.Coast: 1991-2001. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Administrative Report LJ-03-03,.ava�lable.from.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center,.8604.La.Jolla.Shores.Dr.,.La.Jolla.CA.92037...31pp.
H�ll,.P.S..and.J..Barlow...1992...Report.of.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey.of.the.Cal�forn�a.coast.aboard.the.research.vessel.McArthur.July.28.–.November.5,.1991...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum...NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-169...112pp.
Mangels,.K.F..and.T..Gerrodette...1994...Report.of.cetacean.s�ght�ngs.dur�ng.a.mar�ne.mammal.survey in the eastern Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California aboard the NOAA ships McArthur.and.David Starr Jordan.July.28.–.November.6,.1993...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-211...96pp.
Ph�lbr�ck,.V..A.,.P..C..F�edler,.L..T..Ballance,.and.D..A..Demer..2003..Report.of.ecosystem.stud�es.conducted.dur�ng.the.2001.Oregon,.Cal�forn�a,.and.Wash�ngton.(ORCAWALE).mar�ne.mammal.survey.on.the.research.vessels.Dav�d.Starr.Jordan.and.McArthur..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum.NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-349.
VonSaunder,.A..and.J..Barlow..1999..A.report.of.the.Oregon,.Cal�forn�a.and.Wash�ngton.L�ne-Transect.Exper�ment.(ORCAWALE).conducted.�n.West.Coast.waters.dur�ng.summer/fall.1996..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-264..49pp.
Two.reports,.one.for.each.sh�p,.for.the.CSCAPE-05.survey.are.ava�lable.as.SWFSC.Cru�se.Reports at: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/uploadedFiles/Divisions/PRD/Projects/Research_Cruises/US_West_Coast/CSCAPE/CSCAPEDSJ.pdf andhttp://swfsc.noaa.gov/uploadedFiles/Divisions/PRD/Projects/Research_Cruises/US_West_Coast/CSCAPE/CSCAPEMAC.pdf.
APPENDIX IV - Central Pacific Cetacean Survey Reports
Barlow,.J.,.S..Rank�n,.E..Zele,.and.J..Appler...2004...Mar�ne.mammal.data.collected.dur�ng.
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the.Hawa��an.Islands.cetacean.and.ecosystem.assessment.survey.(HICEAS).conducted.aboard.the.NOAA.sh�ps.McARTHUR.and.DAVID.STARR.JORDAN,.July-December.2002...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-362...Ava�lable.from.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center,.8604.La.Jolla.Shores.Dr.,.La.Jolla.CA.92037...32pp.
Barlow,.J..and.B..L..Taylor...2005...Est�mates.of.sperm.whale.abundance.�n.the.northeastern.temperate Pacific from a combined acoustic and visual survey. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 21(3):429-445.
APPENDIX V - Aerial Survey Reports
Barlow,.J.,.C..Ol�ver,.T..D..Jackson,.and.B..L..Taylor..1988....Harbor.porpo�se.(Phocoena.phocoena) abundance estimation in California, Oregon and Washington: II. Aerial surveys. Fish. Bull. 86:433-444.
Carretta,.J..V..and.K..A..Forney...1993...Report.on.two.aer�al.surveys.for.mar�ne.mammals.�n.California coastal waters utilizing a NOAA DeHavilland Twin Otter Aircraft: March 9-Apr�l7,.1991.and.February.8-Apr�l.6,.1992..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-185...77pp.
Carretta,.J..V.,.K..A..Forney,.and.J..Barlow...1995...Report.of.1993-94.mar�ne.mammal.aer�al.surveys.conducted.w�th�n.the.U.S..Navy.Outer.Sea.Test.Range.off.southern.Cal�forn�a...U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum...NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-217...90pp.
Carretta,.J..V.,.K..A..Forney,.and.J..L..Laake...1998...Abundance.of.southern.Cal�forn�a.coastal.bottlenose dolphins estimated from tandem aerial surveys. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(4):655-675.
Carretta,.J.V..and.K.A..Forney...2004...Prel�m�nary.est�mates.of.harbor.porpo�se.abundance.�n.Cal�forn�a.from.1999.and.2002.aer�al.surveys...NOAA.Nat�onal.Mar�ne.F�sher�es.Serv�ce,.Southwest.F�sher�es.Sc�ence.Center.Adm�n�strat�ve.Report..LJ-04-01...13pp.
Forney,.K..A.,.D..A..Hanan,.and.J..Barlow...1989..Detect�ng.trends.�n.harbor.porpo�se.abundance.using aerial surveys: a preliminary report based on three years. NOAA National Marine F�sher�es.Serv�ce,.Southwest.F�sher�es.Center.Adm�n�strat�ve.Report.LJ.89.20...17pp..
Forney,.K..A.,.D..A..Hanan,.and.J..Barlow...1991...Detect�ng..trends.�n.harbor.porpo�se.abundance from aerial surveys using analysis of covariance. Fish. Bull. 89(3):367-377.
Forney,.K..A..and.J..Barlow...1992...Prel�m�nary.w�nter.abundance.est�mates.for.cetaceans.along.the.Cal�forn�a.coast.based.on.a.1991.aer�al.survey...Int..Whal..Commn..Work�ng.Paper.SC/44/SM13...26pp.
70
Forney,.K..A..and.J..Barlow...1993...Prel�m�nary.w�nter.abundance.est�mates.for.cetaceans.along.the California coast based on a 1991 aerial survey. Rept. Int. Whal. Commn. 43:407-415.
Forney,.K..A.,.Barlow,.J.,.and.J..V..Carretta...1995...The.abundance.of.cetaceans.�n.Cal�forn�a.waters. Part II: Aerial surveys in winter and spring of 1991 and 1992. Fish. Bull. 93:15-26.
Forney,.K.A..and.J..Barlow...1998...Seasonal.patterns.�n.the.abundance.and.d�str�but�on.of.California cetaceans, 1991-1992. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(3):460 489.
Lee,.T...1994...Report.on.cetacean.aer�al.survey.data.collected.between.the.years.of.1974.and.1982..U.S..Department.of.Commerce..NOAA.Techn�cal.Memorandum..NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-195...62pp.
RECENT TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMSSWFSC Technical Memorandums are accessible online at the SWFSC web site (http://swfsc.noaa.gov). Copies are also available form the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (http://www.ntis.gov). Recent issues of NOAA Technical Memorandums from the NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center are listed below:
NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-430 Spawning biomass of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) off U.S. in 2008. N.C.H. LO, B.J. MACEWICZ, D.A. GRIFFITH, and R.L. CHARTER (November 2008)
431 Reliability of California’s groundfish landing estimates from 1969-2006. D.E. PEARSON, B. ERWIN, and M. KEY (November 2008)
432 Framework for assessing viability of threatened Coho salmon in the southern Oregon/Northern California coast evolutionarily significant unit. T.H. WILLIAMS, B.C. SPENCE, W. DUFFY, D. HILLEMEIER, G. KAUTSKY, T. LISLE, M. McAIN, T. NICKELSON, E. MORA, and T. PEARSON (December 2008)
433 Stenella abundance research line transect and ecosystem (STAR-LITE) 2007 cruise report. F.I. ARCHER, A.E. HENRY, and L.T. BALLANCE (December 2008)
434 U.S. Pacific marine mammal stock assessments: 2008 J.V. CARRETTA, K.A. FORNEY, M.S. LOWRY, J. BARLOW, J. BAKER, D. JOHNSTON, B. HANSON, M.M. MUTO, D. LYNCH, and L. CARSWELL (January 2009)
435 Preliminary estimates of harbor porpoise abundance in California waters from 2002 to 2007. J.V. CARRETTA, K.A. FORNEY, and S.R. BENSON (February 2009)
436 Creation of a captive broodstock program for southern Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Results from the initial rearing and spawning of the first brood year. E.A. STURM, E.A. GILBERT-HORVATH, J.C. GARZA, and R.B. MacFARLANE (March 2009)
437 Developing a structure for quantitative listing criteria for the U.S. endangered species act using performance testing. Phase 1 report. T. REGAN, B. TAYLOR, G. THOMPSON, J. COCHRANE, R. MERRICK, M. NAMMACK, S. RUMSEY, K. RALLS, and M. RUNGE (March 2009)
438 Report on the NMFS California Current Ecosystem Survey (CCES) (April and July-August 2008) Edited by S. McCLATCHIE (March 2009)
439 Vaquita expedition 2008: Preliminary results from a towed hydrophone survey of the Vaquita from the Vaquita Express in the upper Gulf of California. S. RANKIN, R. SWIFT, D. RISCH, B. TAYLOR, L. ROJAS-BRACHO, A. JARAMILLO-LEGORRETA, J. GORDON, T. AKAMATSU, and S. KIMURA (April 2009)
