n o r n ~ ~ u e c ~ a s r EapTa MHpa 3a XX seK CTsHoBMJracb Bce necrpee, w c n o CTpaH H a ~ e f i BWOCJIO, KaIE MHHHMYM, BYeTBepO. 0 CBOeM rOCyAapCTBe MHorue erye MerTamT, s HenapoM ero q a m o m a Kax i<nnaBmbHoro

KoTnaB HaponoB n ~ynbl-yp AaeT TpemHy. Plcxo~a ~3 H ~ ~ I H W R rra nna- HeTe npkiMepH0 5000 3THOCOB E3 A ~ M O ~ B @ N ~ ~ C K E L X IIPOlW0308, JIerKO n P H I E I I H ~ b , 9 T O CTpaH MOXCeT 6 b 1 ~ b B 25 pa3 6onbme, Y e M Tenepb. U X

cpewm mowam ynap;eT Torna c 680 no 25-30 THC. EM', J ~ O A H O C T ~ - c 30 no 2-2,5 MJIH. Yen. ~ < C T P ~ H - K P O ~ ~ K ~ ~ , CpepeHHbtx ne-mpe rn A%- ~ W T O , C T ~ ~ P H T O P H ~ ~ ~ A0 30 TbIC. EM' A HaCeJleHUeM A 0 0,5 MJIH. y X e Re- cnma. P e m k i s a ~ ~ s ~ npaB ~auai i H a caMoonpeneneHae, rrycn B 6opn6e c ItpaBOM HbIHeIUHkiX r0C)'JIapCTB H a 3aIQHTy ~ ~ 0 e f i UenOCTHOCTH, TIpElseAeT K rrpeo6~1ana~mo H a EapTe m e m o { (~a~ rnme j i~ .

Kyna seam rrpoqecc, npegenbr EoToporo k13~ex-m cna6o? CTWT na H@3aBIICFiMbIMH H B 3TOM fEa.'IeCTBe llpB3HELHHbIMET A6xa3m OH^ MOrna 6~ oTEpusaTb a n + a ~ m b ~ e C ~ H C K M : cTpaH M I I ~ ~ , wo ~ k i B OWOM O @ Z I ~ H ~ -

HOM nepelrtle T U O ~ CTPaHbI H~T), E ~ C I C O ~ , ~ P E I J I J ~ ~ c T P O B ~ ~ , KYPI~XCTBH, T H ~ ~ T a ~ p . ? H m pa3~~osrceme rocynapcm rzyTeM ReneHm KaMneHcllpy- eTca MX u~~erpawe i i , r ~ 1 0 6 a n ~ o f i H penio~anb~of i , nonmmecwoii k~mi JMIIlb ~ K O H O M U Y ~ C I E O ~ ~ ? Bce 3TO BOIIpOCbl06~~m18, Nenemkie, a TO H BO- Bce <<Ha sacbm~yn.

3a~aWi , W H H O ~ ~ CTaTbH CKpOMHee, OHU BbITeIcaEoT A3 Tor0 @BKTB, W O Hapmy c M ~ H M M clpaHaMki B m p e ocTamrcJr 6omruue H mraHTcKae. Wx pas~epbt s nonoaceme B w i p e s x o m B ~ p y r reorpaQmecmx cse- JJeI-IIffi, BJIlUIIOWIIX Ha HPUHOHBJlbHOe C03HaHHe, BH!JTPBHHH)KI M BHBW- HEoEo llOJIHTHKY kI IIPaKTHICy )'IIPaBJIeHZISI. OIQ'IQaTb MeCTO C B O ~ pOAHHbI B pgqy ~ l m x c ~ p m - ecTecTsemaa n o ~ p e 6 ~ o c m p q o ~ u x r p m a ~ H py- ~ o s o ~ a ~ e n e i i . HO O w y q e H m nyYIIIe nposepmb $ a ~ ~ a m t K wapam.

B ~alnefi ~ K O H O M I ~ ~ ~ C I E O ~ ~ reorpaq>aa BO~HI . I IUI~ Koqenwx Manm c . r p a ~ 6.H. 3mma (2003 n m.). OH cosgm ee Ha npmepe EBPOIIM, XOTB nacan EI o M U O ~ c q m e 8 0 0 6 ~ e , BW B ~ e i i OTJWINR OT 6 0 ~ 1 b m o j i cTpa- H ~ I r r p ~ m 6 0 ~ ypoBfre n Ttrne pasnriTm. Ewe B m H e e meoplul 6onawux cmpan, e m 6b1 ee yaanocn co3na~n. B n p o r e ~ , ecm CCCP 6b1n < < B o J ~ ~ ~ H M a o T n o M n , EcaK asm man ero B 1970-x roam MOB ywTenb, rrpo@eccop MTY W.M. Maeproiis. TO B O T H O ~ ~ H H H POCCHH TO H e C T O ~ O Y ~ B W O .

O~cmga ~orrpoc o K p m e p H s I x p a 3 ~ e p 0 ~ ~i P a H r n a p o B K e cTpaH, npm reM reorpa@~qec~oii (no B ~ J I M Y H H ~ ) , a, clramem, H e r e o n o m ~ m e c ~ o i i (no sen~uam). E.H. ~ H M U H Bsen c B o e M e p H n o p a 3 ~ e p a - c r n a ~ d a p r n ~ ~ i i 3 ~ o ~ o ~ u r e c ~ u f i pai io~ {C3P), onpeaenm ero no BHn: B c p e A H e M 50 M ~ A . nom. B qeHax 1970 roAa am 35-75 Mnpa. npu pa3HOM AyrneBoM YpOBHe - VeM OH Bbrme, TeM H H x e l IOpOr C3P, n60 Pa3BBTOCTb cnoc06- Cmye.C p a f i 0 ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ ~ ~ 1 . Te X e q@pbl ~ H M H H OTHOCHJI K JIflPBM p a f i 0 ~ 0 ~ 6onbmax CTpaH, C Y H T U , YTO UeJIMKOM OHM. TaM MOWHee h0 11 0 Mnpa. zonn.) sa cYeT MexmaepHbIx SOH H YTO BTM KPHTBPHYI POART- c11 TaM, rne nbrxo~ BHn c 1 K M ~ npeBbImaeT 100 TMC. nom. 1970 roaa. Aaxe B XXI B e K e OH MeHbrue B P O C C ~ , ABCTP~JTIIH, Ka~ane, H e ~OBOPSI

0 MOH~OJIEIII. M ~ ~ J I ~ I M M ~ W H CWTaJI CTPaHbI, YbSI 3EtOHOMEIKa H e Icpyn- Hee C3P: o m o p a f i o ~ ~ b r e HJIH < { ~ e n o n ~ o p a i i o ~ ~ ~ e f i . Y 6onbzu~x cTpaH TaKMX P & ~ ~ O H O B MHOrO.

IIinosb~e Barrow ~a r ro f i CTpaHbI - maToe ( ( I Z H @ O P M ~ O H H O ~ none)) ( ~ c o m a m o c n H C ~ O ~ I B H H O C T ~ ) , ~ICOHOMIW ~a < ~ @ ~ T H B H ~ I X ctpepax>>: ap- m, ~IOPOKP~TEZII. 3am ompee C T O ~ npobnem m r p a m M <<m~ep@epe~-

3THOKYJIbTypHbIX nonefv)'. Tame CTPaHbI 3BBHCKMhI OT BHBLZIHMX PbM-

KOB, KX lTpO)QIClQW TQleBbIIUaRT wed CIIPOC, a CTpwmB. 3KOHOMHKA H e n o m a EI cne~pim3~iposa~a H a H e M H o r m , gacm ~ H C M ~ T [ ~ H ~ I X ~ E I ~ H M X .

%CT& THII ~mfi C T P ~ I , ~ C ~ J I ~IIMEZH, penOK, TeM nare. u ~ o mome rrpeacTasnmT co6oii oc~omw mmepd. Me~ponoJIb~bl~ O c K o m a M Tpymee c ~ n w r y r a ~ c HOB~IMH r a 6 a p m a ~ ~ , 9 e M ~ o n o m a ~ ~ b ~ o - n e p ~ @ e p ~ : anecb owpee a ~onnrue mmcsr HocTamm H <<KPH~MC pa3~epm)~.

no wee, senmm - a m o n E a p m a , y Hero Bce 6 o n b m e . M ~ C U I T ~ ~ -

Hee: TeppHTOpU, HaCeJIeHIle, 3ICOHOMHKB, KYJlbTYpa Zi I'IOnIfTHKB, HO 3TO

no wee, na H H e B C ~ napaMeTpb1 nemo ~ 1 3 ~ e p m . Tiinonoms K a K Meroa accnenosamsr saxwee AM M a c c M MWIX cTpaa. ~ M T O B xe M ~ O , HX

qaue n3YfIaw~ noommome. Y ~ I c T ~ ~ THII 60mmoR CTpaHbI ewe 6onee pe- AOK, B ~ e f i Bcerna e c n WO-TO OT MUOR. Eommoe n p o c T p a H c T B o noporn- AaeT rrpo6ne~y er0 <(TPeHURD kI BHYTPeHIXHX C B R ~ ~ C , KOTOPMe K0HK)'PHPY-

H)T C BHeIIlHMMII H a OICpakIHaX, C K a X e M , B Kmwe, %.R: O ~ ~ I E Y M ~ H ~

WEurcaTa K H)SYEHOR I'PaHme, kI B Cm, me maHC { ( ~ 0 6 e ~ a ~ b > ) A 0 Itww- cmii m ~ e ~ c m r n a c o f i ~ p a m m - cnaceme rn rcpecTymMIEoB a ~ J I O B H U

60nb ~ n s r rrpaBocyma. Bem~amr 3aseAoMo M H O M P ~ ~ ~ O H H ~ I , a 0 HB Me- MaeT ~ C T ~ ~ ~ I E I A EI Kame HMeTb JIBKOHZI'IHOe ~ H I M C T p a T H B H O - T 0 p p k i -

T o p H m H o e neneme: qo 10 ocnos~brx emw - KBK. B A ~ c ~ p t l n ~ t r m Ka- MepyHe H MeHnme, reM y h6wm H A3ep6a&~~ma.

~ B H T ~ I Toxe 03a60'1em1 caMocoxpaemieM, a HX rpwaHaM rrpmo- m c r r c o r e T a T n pasmte ~acru~a6ar m e m o c m . Koma B c<60mrrro~ KoTJreB pacTeT nameme, y c ~ a n o c ~ b OT nepaamocm, mpyr mxnx M ~ U I p o r n . 06 TOM nacm Boc~x+ 6po~c~aB: u e c m sbmano e Mme-

--

TPE~BHI AH. POCCHI LPEAH CTPAH-THIAHTOB E Z E E -- --

p m POAHTLCR, JryquIe x m B rnyxofi npoe- y MOP~). h a w ~pya- Hee crnwmb CowamHbIe KoHTpacTbI: rrycm B cpemeM OH A r n e 60raqe. H e m H X TaM BCR P8BHO MHOrO. K O ~ ~ U B R 3KOHOMEIKa CWIOHH& fE Cqw- ryp~oii rromoTe a anomeecmi, K a m a p m , M H J M T ~ ~ E I ~ ~ ~ , ~ K C T T ~ H C ~ .

Eft TPy-0 Pa3rOHmbER H TOPM03HTb: CJlOH He T ~ E C O ~ ~ H)PK&. Ka3C MbImb3. K p o ~ e TOrO, B Tome MbIIlIeK CJIOHaM BCe Ci'l031EH80 BBCTII C I ~ ~ R KPUE B no- c y ~ 0 8 X m K e . ~ O A O ~ H O H a G T O f f ~ k I M , OHH 6omca 3THX KpOX, T ~ ~ O M

qbISYIIJ,HX CJIOHOBbIl HOIM. A eC3M pa3AaEHTb K r t l c p - KKCKy Ha BeCb CBeT. Bnpore~, s o 6 e ~ x rpyrmax - CBOH c u e ~ b ~ , E m T e p e c b I M ccxny6b1>>, r ~ o , BH-

WMO. mJraeTcrr on~oi i 213 rrpmm ocna631e~~1~ OOH, ee ~ O J I H B mipe. H3 dernoro BBOmOrO o63opa BblTeKalOT ma ItPe@&PHTeJIbHblX BbLBO-

na. Bo-nepsb~x, p a s ~ e p - naJreRo He $ o p ~ & r ~ b ~ a ~ xapamepecmKa. OH, YTQ Hil3bIBaeTCII. kIMeeT 3HBYellIIe. Ann PoccHH, C v a H b I IIBHO He MmeHb- KOG, OH0 O C O ~ ~ H H O O S e B w O . Bo-BTOPLIX. TBM He MeHee, ( # I O P M ~ J B U H R

H ~ a I H k I B a e T C R , OAHaKO TYT H e O ~ Q ~ ~ T Z I C ~ OmHM rOTOBb1M KIOK83aTeJIeM. Ha aTy ponb npeTeHJrpoT nnorqam, Haceneme EI ~ I E O H O M ~ ~ C K & I T %Mac- ca)), HO no OTaemHocTB OHM A ~ E O T o n ~ o 6 o l c o e npencTameHtre o pamepe CTp Wl. 3 a ~ a m ~ C T ~ W ~ P T H ~ I ~ ~ ~ K O H O M W ~ C K H ~ @OH E.H. ~ H M H H ~ , XOTH OH C ~ M nbtTaJrca caenaTb 31y M e p y donee r~6rtoB, unnaaammefiu, yra~b~sarourefi n p p e napaMeTpbr, npemae Bcero o6qym TeppaTopHm M HaceneHse c ~ p w a r . BOT pasne rTo 8ce o m BMecTe...

Y T O ~ ~ I BbmeJIkITb TlRaHTOB XX BeKa, HYXfEHbI He CaMbIB CJIOXHbI9 KPLiTe- pKH, AOCTJTlHnIe AJIHTeJlbHOMy ~ a 6 ~ n o ~ e l i W O . norrpo6ye~ OWatMWTbCR pamepmu meppumopuu, HacmelsuR u ~KOHOMUKU. B no~urwe 06 HHW- KaTOpaX kfKpOBOr0 PB3BUTHR B C ~ M E I P H ~ dam KaK-TO Ha3BaJr MX 6asonu- MM World.. ., 2003). no CyTH O m 6m31~~ K. K J I ~ C C Z P I ~ C K O ~ ~ TPHw0 QBKTO-

POB ~ P O I I ~ B O A C T B ~ : 3 e w , ~ p y ~ , Ranman. n e p s u - rnaBHaR apma AesITeJTbHOCTEl m e f i , HOCHTBJLb IIpHPO-X PeCypCOB; 6 e ~ 3 - m ~ HMI1: 06- IIIHpHnIX CTPaH B MHPe HeT ( 0 6 p a ~ ~ o e BepH0 H e ~cerfla). 0 JTIOm 3 ~ - MHH nHC?iJI, W O OHM - rJ'iElBHitSI KtPEFIkiHB TIOCXeBOeHHOrO PitCWeTa H T ~ - n m , SIno~aa si noTepH nwepcTsa h r n ~ e i h : ~ ~ C K O H K ~ ~ ~ H T H M ~ m e p c ~ k ~ R P ~ L H O K OTY~~EIJL 6 p n ~ w e s urroBopamsaTbcn*. P a s ~ e p asoHo- MEIIEH IlPwefCA H3MePRIB rOAOBLIM I C P O W T O M , P e 3 w T a T O M AeSITBJIbHO- c w . TOT x e Bce~k~p~blj i Earn OueHnBut ero JrJnnne - Kart C O B O K ~ ~

xaman, c m rrpqomoro, ueJIosesecEoro a xo3&c~semoro. O m m o m H H X KcTOPEIrIeCKKX pqqOB IlpeflCTaBJreHO WH 3TOM He 6nrno.

C IWWMM rrpa31-1&~~~. VH ~ c e a HX n p o c T o T e , ecm npo6nem. Tm, nno- UWb CTp-I M O M T BKmOqaTb BHYTpWlHHe B O m ZCTM HeT, CO BpeMeHeM e0 aemmry yrowm~ hm CruA p m m a t l o c m a 300 m e . &, T. e. uemfi Ormmmm WJM nornm~, HO nce p a ~ ~ o HX n ECKT~BCEC~H Teppmpm n m oWH~XOB~I). apyr~fi BOrrpOC: He ~ 0 6 a ~ H T b JlH TeppM'l'OpIlaJLWe BOD[, LII8m-

@me H ~ K O H O M I N ~ C K H ~ 3o~bt , wo y ~ e m m n , q m e p , mouq~llb P o r n Ha 10 ~ y m . &? n p a ~ ! ~ . IM Bmmeme H ocBoeHIIe pamcwm, H ~oo61qe MO-

pe - cpem oco6arr. H O ~ T O M ~ noIta A p e o r p m c s r cyruefi. 5bm1e 06%- e m BBn B conocTasmmx M e m a p o p x nomapax ~ 3 m t 213 pa60T k M 3 m c o ~ a (Maddison, 1999; 2001). I l x son-T 31~cnepm1e o ~ e m JJJIJI CTPm H IM Y&CT& TI0 Z L H t l J t O ~ C COCBJ@IMMM M O~OTMIII%IMH.

Erne a m m e cma m p o s ~ KapTa. M~ome B C T O Y ~ K N nam peTpoc.neK- m s m e I J H ~ ~ ~ I no c ~ p m a ~ B Hbmemmx rpaxmuax, xo~sr pa3~epbr mnepaB o n p e n e m c n H HX IEOJIOIMRMX. Y~06b1 He BcItman E I C T O P ~ , xrpmocb fie- n a n nepecqem no cTapnM M3Aam.m {Mupo~oe xomt2rneoj 1928 u dp.Y. B Koqe KOHUOB 6a3a aamm rn 50-185 c q a ~ H a 1900,1925,1950, 1973 EI 2002 r o w , C rIPHhlepH0 SeTBePTbBeKOBbIM X p O H O J I O ~ B C I C m M flIUilTOM)), 6 ~ - na cocTaBneaa, a no K W O M ~ I Y ~ H ~ H ~ I G ~ paccmwa AOJM cTpaH B m e .

B AaHHoM crryYae H a c 6o.nzne Bcero EmTepecymT mqepnr. no 20 143 ~ M X B Tpex w a x rro~a3a~m H a puc.1. Km B ~ M , umam naamoB pamwe H Tenspb cneAyeT B nep~ofi BecmKe crpaa, HecMoTpH H a TO, wo TO yme H e 20% BCeX IWCyAapCTB, a DHlIB 5%. ~ O J I M 4/5 COBPeMeHHbM. CTgaH B m 6 o ~ 113 Tpex p m ~ He Bmue 0,5%, T. e. cpemieqo~oj i (100% : 200 = 0,5%). E p a ~ a ~ c l c a ~ : m e p u n CTO neT ~a3w oxsaTbIsaJla vemepn cymi 6e3 AH- T~PICTWI {~IOCTOSWIO~~, B OT-e OT rcpymx napamrpo~) n ~mym x e ao- m HaceJlem. PQ, sarmMaeT Hbme mum oaono 13%. Kanaaa, CIIlA, Hw- ah, G P ~ ~ E Z T I E I R . N A B C T ~ ~ - no 6-7%. Ha s ~ o B ucTyneHbKe)> n06b1~am H e I c o T o p n r e m e p m B nepwon ~ I O J I Y P B C ~ ~ ~ , OH& ~0061ue H e rtyc-ryeYeT. Kpn- m e Haceaem EF BBn (y ~ ~ P ~ I O T KHP a C U M c 21% y o60m) s a ~ e ~ - HO Kppe H 6 ~ ~ 3 f ~ e myr K gpyry, no h a f i rrpecJreAyeT M- c 17% H a m -

nema mpa, a y ClLIA conepHEntoB H e r o m B p o e onepeacam KEITBji c ero 12% r~106a~mnoro BBII. IIpmaa, k o m a ~ l : M- AamT no 6 7 % , a ma ne- ~orpat#mec~m Konocca m o r o H e n o r m y c m name H a TOT ypoBem.

2002 rr, llojlrqnn PoccnAcuori ~~nepnw, CCCP n P@

1 5 9 13 17 L 5 9 I3 I7 I 5 9 13 17

~ ~ ~ k ~ l t l l l AH. POCCHA CPEAH ClPAH-THTAHTOB -=

o m m w a ~ o i i Merccmce o ~ o pacTeT H a 1 m. B ma, HO ee 100 MXH. yen. cy- JLCIT PQ) < < I I e p e m y B . K a ~ w a %I A B C T ~ ~ - BTOPU EI UIeCTaR. no nnowa- mi, opEnmmaTui n urecmmaTu no B B n , a no SWEI-IOCTM o m ~ y n a a m - rue. I i a k i c ~ a ~ , E m w e r u , Hmepm B X O ~ B aecmxy C-IX M H O ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ I X

CTpm H OTCTitHlT no BBn. PWI HaceneHM H BBIT c m a e e Bcero BapaapymTcn H recnee accom-

HpOBaHbI ( a a 6 ~ . I) , B OTJrlTme OT T ~ P P E L T O P Z ~ ~ J I ~ H O ~ ~ 1.i A ~ M O ~ P Z ~ @ H W C K O ~ ~

wacc,. llm 25 m ~ e p o ~ no Hacenemm yposem CBIISM. mxe , a xapamep ee TOT me. Pacqe~b~ B mHamKe, q c ~ b m pas~oro wcna c~pasr, snrHaa- m nyrrrrym corJ1acomaHHocm napaMeTpos B Haqane XX B., norp;a m r a m 6 n m ~ BeJIHIcEl no BCeM npli3HUaM. BO B T O P O ~ IIOJIOBEMe BeKB 3TB CBR3b

cTwa MeHee T ~ C H O ~ B m i m 3a nocnenmie ~ O D I B H O B ~ oEpema, HO om- KO M e w HaCeJIeHEleM H ~ICOHOMEIIEO~~,

T a L ~ n w I. I l o ~ a s a ~ e ~ ~ w e o ~ ~ o p o ~ ~ o c ~ w M nap~oli uoppeAauHn PAAOB v e x pamepHux np~3~auos B 20Oi r., ~ w p a m e ~ ~ w x n % Y WTOV no 185 crpanm

Y K ~ X A O ~ ~ Mepbl CBOH nnKlCbJ H MHHYChI. T ~ K . , CM TeM M ~ H ~ I I I ~ , q e M CTpaHa rtpynaee, H IC TOMY ace pearHpyeT Ha <cHrpy>> TlpEIJHB~OB

ermonato. CLIP oTsevaeT Ha BcTopHuecIcoe rraaeHEIe BapnautIt3 nno- qann cTpaH CoEpaWeHmM ee BKnana B 3TOT mweac. CTO JIeT H a - 3 a ~ Bce T ~ H n p u 3 ~ a ~ a Z C O ~ ~ ~ J I M ~ O B ~ I I U c HHM TecHee. Tenepb OH

CHnbHee B C e r O 3LBACAT OT BBI15. TO C B O ~ ~ C T B O CHP ROYTEl CHMMaeT BOnpOC 0 l l p H n a H H B 6 8 3 0 ~ b 1 ~ IIPM3BaItaM EBKHX-TO 3KCTJePTHbIX Be- COB. HO EIHABK-c pearapyeT Ha n p a 6 n e ~ ~ e MHPOBO# KapTM I co spe- MeaeM y6br~ac.r. B 1900 r. CMP E p ~ ~ a ~ c ~ c o f i HMnepua AocTHran 24 eAsHnu ( < < c p e n ~ ~ x npoqe~~oa,)), y K H T ~ R - 16. a B 2002 r. - M e H e e 14 y KHTLR, 1 1 y CUIA M T. A. Ho ~ T H <<CJION~IM ~a { m o c e m BblrJIIIART ewe EcpyIIHee, YTO OTPBWBeT C H n P - OTHOmeHEle CHP Gone ycnoa~ofi cpeaweii CTpaHbI, T ~ M ~ e ~ b t n e f i , ueM doname B MH- pe CTpaH: l?OJrCOTHki A 2% Ha CTapTe XX B e K e , A 0 80 H 1,25% B 1950 may, 200 H 0,5% B naqane XXI sma. l l o a ~ o ~ y CkinP, a oTnHme OT

CHP, P a C T e T , y nRAepOB - B 3-5 pa3 3a Be& s T 0 A a X e CnkiILtJtOM KpYTO. B 3 T O M CMMCJIe ~ ~ 0 6 ~ e d CAP, A ~ ~ X C ~ U H ~ ~ C R B AMana30HB s ~ a u e ~ ~ i t 0-1 0, HO ~ P H ~ O A H ~ I R HB AnR Bcex sanas.

~ O C M O T P Z ~ M T9nepb Ha COCTaB l4 BeKOByIo WH-y CTPBH-rEIT&mOB. Hasanno XX seIca B rn06anb110ii HCTOPYIEZ - TO Pax Britannica. Msp

B ceTRx aapoxoaHbIx Tpacc, w e n e 3 ~ ~ x Aopor u npemesll: M ~ ~ e p ~ l e ~ a - ~enerpaaa, ero new0 06mexa~b EI enommb AeHbrFi B nm6oe Memo, 6naro ax ~ ~ 0 6 0 ~ ~ 0 O ~ M ~ H M B ~ J I I ~ : B CTpaaax, rAe 0 6 1 f ~ a n ~ 90% 3eMJrIIa

(CAHYBPOB, 2003). Mown r a r a ~ ~ c ~ c o f i ~norrxoo6parrnoii (no C e ~ e ~ o - B~-TIIHWBH~CECOM~, 1915) EPKTBHCKO~~ ETMllBPEIEX. HLA KOTOPOB iiHH-

Eorna H e 3axop;~irro conaqe>>, snnHa no BceMy. K m a m OHB ycTynaJra H a 1% MFipOBOrO HaCeJreHHR, HO G S I & ~ ~ [ & TOr'a K a ~ a i , @ O ~ M ~ J ~ H O snanesrn~lii R ~ ~ T o M , Mo~ron~efi, M B H ~ Y X Y P M ~ ~ ~ , He 6 ~ n eB conep- HAKOM. A BOT CmA 3KOHOMEIYeCW AOrOHIiAH ~ ~ W T ~ H C R O ~ O KOJlOCCB, rae nyme~ofi BBII ycTynan p o c c a f i c ~ o ~ y , k160 ~ o n o c c smmyan 6en- ~efiruae racTa Mnpa. Poccnfic~mx HMnepaa no CM B 1900 rony mna 3 8 J l W p O M , HO OTCTaBaR BABOe ( K w ~ a t , CmA, @paIitJ~fl H r e p ~ a ~ ~ f l C ECOJIOHBRMII - B 3- 5 pa3). ~ T R IlIeCTb P;BPSIt&B H BCTb MraHThf B 1900 rony. UI~an~lpysr CUP (10-24; 7-10; 5-7) n CAP (csnrrne 2; 1-2; 0,5-1, npa.reM ruwwia donee urn M e H e e nparoma ansf Bcex A ~ T ) , M O ~ H O smenmb ceepxzuzanmoe, zuza~moe u cybzuzanmoe. ~ I R T ~ nWepoB no CMP B Hawme XX serca obm~arrli 2/3 sceB cymn II: ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C -

KOR <<M~cc~T)) , a 10 nmepoB - 76% TeppaTopm, 82% HaceJreHE1.a n 85% BBH. nosme cymapnnte AonH ~ ~ M B ~ J I H , ocoda~ao B cepeaHne Hem, n 6btc~pee no Hacenennm a BBfl, YeM no rtnorr~a~n (mabn. 21.

~ o c J I ~ n e p ~ o f i MHPOBOB B O ~ ~ H ~ I ~ P M T B H C K E I ~ ~ MMP IIOIlItLTHYJICII, HO ewe G T O ~ . Mhinep~~i A a x e noapocna aa CveT r e p M a H c K H x K O I I O H H ~ ~ . Poccasr, cTasrzrasr CCCP, no BceM c s o n H M M MepaM nportycTma ene- pea CLUA. l l o ~ e p a r e p ~ a ~ u ~ cxasanscb Ha CM, HO no CHP EI CAP oHa n o 3 a ~ 1 1 ynepxcasra. A s c ~ p o - B e ~ r p s s ~ ymna B ~ e 6 ~ ~ a e , H nep- ByHl AeCIiTKY CTpilH 3aMKHyJlH H ~ a e p n a ~ a ~ (C M a a o ~ e s ~ e B m m.), YCTynRBIIIzIe no CWP AEIHELMKYHbIM. PBaBIIIHMCR Ha T[ePBbIe POJLM I l n o ~ ~ ~ l s kirarra~.

X p o ~ o n o m ~ e c ~ a s r cepemaa seua - ~ a s a n o arroxx A B ~ X csepxnep- maB, r e o r p a @ ~ r e c ~ c ~ ~ ycTpoeHHarx no rrpaewxrry i < o ~ Mopn no M O P H ~ .

M e m y HHMH BTOPbIM no CRP OCTanCR H H T ~ ~ , HeCMOTPR Ha efO CMYTbl

a YTpaTbI. ~ W ~ P C T B O CLUA o6ecnewina HX 3KOHOMkIICa, WeTYUIaH Ra @OH@ nocneBoeHmrx pyaH Esponbr. no CM Bcex o6ornen COB~TCKM Cows. K o J I o H H ~ J I ~ H ~ I ~ HMnepna pacnaaanacb; Q p a n y y 3 c ~ a ~ - vy Tn lI03Xci3 ~ P H T ~ ~ H C L E O ~ ~ , BpOBBHb C K O T O P O ~ B C T M B H C e ~ X C E I H i l ee ICOpO-

HbI MHAHR, n o cHp E1. CAP OnflTb BbIfleJMKlTCJ3 UleCTb IMrBHTOB, C MH- A H ~ B m e m o pa36mo8 EI paclcono~oG r e p ~ a ~ ~ n . C ~ p a ~ t b ~ nepecenm- secrcoro ~ a n u ~ a n a s ~ a K a ~ a ~ a 11 A ~ c ~ p a n m Cqanb~~le <<OTIIP~ICKM:

3anma~) s w e c H m n 113 n e p ~ o j i AecfiTm @PC R ~ O H A J I eqBa yaepzca- naca 0 K o H q e cmcIta. O61qasr nonsI 5 FI 10 nwepos nanana. 1973 ron nrt.H y M a ~ c o ~ a KU ~ e @ ~ e ~ p ~ 3 ~ c m f i py6es M e w m a -

flHflMM: Pa3RUTHSI. DePb B BeIt 3JleI€TPOHEiKH, MaJlbM @TM H lXQCTEmpyC- TpMBJLE13Ma. ~ ~ P M O A 195&7 3 ronoB n 3 ~ e m n aapTy m a : c ~ p m nptlba- smocb na qemx 68, 60~1brue, .reM 3a npyrxe o~pe31c~ . Tepp~l~opau i<cBepxrwraaToB)> 6b1m C T ~ ~ U J I ~ F I ~ I M E I , IIORitJaTWIFl MBlMJlWCh MaJIO, HO Bce x e Kmak o6omen CUIA no CMP M CAP, K O T O ~ ~ ~ (KBX u CW CT~BEIJI:

H a nepBoe M ~ C T O CCCP. ~ e ~ o n o ~ ~ 3 a u ~ m nepeMecma E p r r a m n @par+ qmo a3 rpyrrnnr ~ ~ H T O B H a 10-1 1-0 MecTa, rrpom~my~ E p a 3 m m . Y y - LUEFJIEF CBOH TIOSEI~HEI ~ K O E I O M E ~ ~ C K H ycnem1e R n o m a OPT:

B XXI BeKe K ~ l ~ a i i yclznlzn OTpbIB OT C m . B OTCYTCTBEle CCCP OHM BmOeM O C T U C b U C B e P X m a H T B M H D . POCCH~~CIEBSI @BA~P&LPISL lTpOnyC- T H n a snepea M m , rrptr6mmae~m K HMM A 6 p a 3 ~ m . B AecsImy ~pyrr~ei imex Bomna ~ I U O A ~ ~ H S I . Erne Baawee TOT @ ~ K T , TO IIOSTM ro- cynapcmoM CT~J-I Espoco103~. Ho He sce sneHbr EC c~mamr omaeoeo . H O B ~ J M THrBSITOM M03KHO CWiT21Th 11 CTpaH, B X O ~ l U M X KaEC B 30HY eI3p0, TaE M B UIeme~c~ym. TO ecTb aMeIonTEvr ma a ~ p a 6 y ~ a rocynapcTsa: 06- u p smmly s pemm ~ ~ e m r e f i rpamm. Om K A O ~ B B J I ~ H M B C ~ C O K non uMeHeM EC-11 - rsaE m o ~ e s a . Ecm ee OTBBPWL, 1 0 4 OcTaHeT- cn r e p ~ a m , a ecm npmmn, TO Y ~ T B ~ ~ T ~ I G m a H T m y a no CMP B CM B ~ I I T C B B p83pb13 M O X W ~ k i ~ q ~ ~ e f i EI P o C C M ~ ~ ~ , 6y- B T O ~ ~ I M ~ K O H O - MmecKrm K O ~ C C O M nocne CUIA.

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- Bonpocsr r o c y n a p c ~ s e n ~ o r o R ~ y ~ e l t h n a n b ~ o r o y n p a s n e n u ~ . 2007. T o n I Nal

ki~ax, rrpw3ua~rn <<csepmamaB secb BeK coxpatl~~r Hmaii, He 3am- ~ a s r n d M e c T m e 2-ro TIO CBP a 3-ro no C M H CAP. Oma~to OH A MWR - camre Hacenemre H B e m e mml, a CUlA - cit~bn% 6ora~bS. Espo- neficrcrie mmepm no Mepe pacnwa y c q n m c ~ o n n o ~ ~ ~ q m ~ . B 1900 row B necme 6nma oma c ~ o 6 o ~ a r r c T p a H a EOxxoro nonyuapaa, Tenepb m yme Tpn. Espona H a u u I a snrxon ~3 Epaxa rrpemm m e p d B come. POC- C t w Tellepb TpymO OTHeCTIl K C B e P X W ~ E l M , aa M UlaHCbI. OCTaThCR I l l - r-OM H e 6 n e c ~ m , €y&U IIO IIPOI'HOJY, COCTaBneHHOM)' WTeM E ~ O C T @ ~ -

rneii sKcTpanomm {puc. 2). TOT ~ O ~ O B , R ~ K no- B W I ~ ~ . Itonewo, cyry6o YMOBeH 13 HyWaeTCR B ICOMMeHTa~WAX.

Puryno~ 2. A H H ~ M H K ~ ~ cuomoro aperan pawepa ~ p y n ~ e i r u ~ x B nepemennux mropwrecw rpWMW bf Cp#Em M w K C a pa3Mepa B COepeMtHHblX r p i t l i l l ~

Hamy c Tom, YTO D H a M m c a pamepa oTpmaeT nepHneTaH ~ ~ S B M -

THH saxe owoii II TOG ace S~MJIEI . ~ ~ H ~ ~ F I K B Teppmopm B AB-BHO rroae- n e H H o M Mupe oaaarana, TO ee y ~toro-TO O T H ~ , HO POCT HaceneHm H BBn MOr IlMeTb BHYTPBHHIle ACTOYHEIKM. npI3 p ~ ' f P c l C I I e K T ~ H 0 M aHtMIi-

3e pa3MepOB C V a H B HbIHeWHHX I'paHElIIaX IIOCTOSIHCTBO nJIOWaaA CTJIB-

rnusae-r B a p K a q m o CEIP (CMllP A CAP nxnremr cMnIcna. Koma c ~ a 6 ~ m - Hbl rpaHHI&I M CaMO W C J I O C T ~ ~ H ) .

flmm H a puc. 2 crrpaaa Bce ace H e ~ I H M ~ I ~ . Ynopno ~ocxomueii 6br- na Tpaewopm 6pasm1.1~ II A B C T P ~ J I ~ (HO B r n ~ e h o ~ M B G U I T ~ ~ ~ rpa- @ k ~ ~ a oHa 6nma 6~ moxo p a 3 m ~ ~ a ) . M H O W ~ nepxcasu ~ I C ~ T ~ J I I I

c c ~ p ~ 3 1 - i ~ pas~epa>>. EC B cocTase I1 m u 25 c ~ p m B OCHOBHOM ero Te- pm; CUIA, Poccm, Kmana, finoms - Hapamsam B cepemae seEa; H ~ R B Kurd - H ~ O ~ O P O T . 3 ~ c ~ p a n o n m a CHP c y m ~ Pocc~ia K 2025

cnw K yHEe C T ~ ~ E I J I ~ H O M J ' YPOBHEO E ~ B S H J I ~ I I I , CLLlA 1.1 EC-25 - c6m- x e m e c pac~yqeii Mweti , K A T ~ K I - yrrpogeme JnWepcTsa, XOTR eMy AaneIconaTo name no co6c~semoro CMP Hararra XX seKa.

~ [ P O ~ T I O ~ ~ O B ~ T . ~ pa3Mep M O X H O Wa9e: ll0 KamflOMy Ei3 6a30~b1x qmnaKoB, o YeM ewe noher pew.. YTO me no no~~a3a~enefi-arpera~o~, TO BCe OHll iUIOXEF TeM. 9 T O <<XOPOHIET)> B ce6e M C X O ~ I e lTpM3HitKEi, JZpmna, IXX MOSHO YBSIS~TL rpa@mecm ~m~~s~rpro. Ha rcaprax {puc. 3) UHpma nepepp~efi QmEI 0 6 ' b e ~ H b r ~ Q H ~ COOTseTCTByeT TepPLITOPEIH, BbICOTa - lInOTHOCTH HaCeneHEISL CTPaHbI, T a W O lIJtOmm rpam rrpo-

nopwoHarbHa wimy m~enei t . EOKOBW ~pm, m r~ry611~a @mypbl, m- peAaeT ~ ~ e ~ o f f BBn, e@ WOW- - rtTIOTHOCrh 3ICOHOMKU (BBn C f ICM~].

O h e ~ me seem 3 ~ m a rrponopmjosmea ~ I E O H O M E P ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ Macce cq-I. Bce 3n1 q~@pbl O T J I O ~ H ~ I B ~ ~ C O ~ T A ~ I X UIIEmaX. oTpamaJ3 JWHaMEncy napaMeTpoB. flexavae c c b p y c ~ ~ ) O ~ H ~ Y am^, YTO Teppmopm B e m a H cnado sacene~a, a SOT Y3We CTOJI~HKM CBWeTeJTbGTBYiWT 06 O ~ P ~ T T H O ~ ~ rrponopqmi. CTO-e ~ P O H T O M K 3 p m e m T o m e r{cTemm> XapaKTepm U H 6 e m C v a H , XOTdI Pa3MeP [PTM M03KeT rOBOPElTb 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 8

TePPATOPHZl EI JlH)pTEOCTH. C T ~ H ~ I I1 6pycb1. YXOAsIULIc? ~<~rJTyfib)), r I p I T C m I

CTI)aHaM C ~ I ~ o ~ K T $ T B H o ~ ~ ~IEOHOMMKO&. ~ - E ~ C C H IZ MeCTa C T p a s I no CAP CMP n o ~ a 3 a ~ b l H a K a p T a x maw - 3am~1~0f - i EW. TBPPFITOP&.

hmcaq~e @ U T Y P ~ I - ~ P Y C M THflliYHbZ AJIR O ~ U T E I P H ~ I X H M I I ~ P I ~ ~ ~ Haqa- na XX aeIca. Mcsnmsen~a - c ~ e ~ o n o f l o 6 ~ b r i i K ~ l ~ a f i En ~ y 6 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ a ~ r e p ~ a n ~ ~ , S ~ M H E C ~ B ~ ~ R mecTepEy rmamoB. K 19 50 roay Henanem OT K Y T T ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ CTeHbI BCT8n H H A H ~ ~ C K ~ I ~ ~ c ~ o n 6 , a CCCP O C T a J C H rOpH- 30HTaJIbHbIM AJIUHHblM ~ P Y C E C O M , XOTSI IIOTOJICTf3BlIlAM: no nytIIeBflMy B B l I OH 6b1n TPeTbUM rHraHTOM M H p a . O ~ ~ H U ~ ~ C K ~ R AMIIepHn C no- XOWHMA yaenbHblMli napaMeTpaMH noTpscmsana, Epu~aac~asr - nonypacnanacb. Ha KapTe 06.nsrswnacb Epaskin~~, < < C Y ~ ~ H ~ ~ H T > > Tor0 xe. T W ~ R . c ~ O J I L I U O ~ ~e BnonHc O C B V C I ~ ~ * D R ~epprr~opnefi. K XXI n e ~ y rIlraHTbl BbIpOCJIIl B B e p X H B T J Z ) ' ~ ~ , ~0 ~ ~ B E Z J I E I C I Y3KitR ElOCBB CTeHa ~ ~ I K o H I I M C B ~ ~ C O I E O ~ ~ A ~ M O - ~ I F O H O M A Y ~ C K O ~ ~ HElCbI~eHHOCTbK) CKPOM- ~ o i i T e p p m o p m H .i<nnImca>> ~ a n o ~ a c e n e n ~ o f i 6ora~ofi K a ~ a n b ~ (y Aacrpanm, 8-8 no CAY, o H a 6b1na 6b1 ewe T O H L U I ~ ) . POCCHII ocTa- nacb <<nexaTb)> M ~ ~ K A Y B~JCOICHMR cTeHaM1.I coce~efi Ha sarraae li BOC- TOICe. T a ~ c a ~ @ O P M ~ 3HaIEa CpeAM rmraHTOB CTaJIa pe~J$08; eCTb, rrpaBAa, I T P E ~ ~ H ~ K H ~ p a n c + o p ~ a q a ~ poccafic~oro 6 p y c ~ a n nnmKy l€&H&ACKOTQ THIIIt..

~ ~ o c T ~ ~ . I ~ c T B ~ H H ~ I ~ <<CMHgPOMH Y HBC B m60~ CJIyWie ClzrreH, XOTR HCTOpW@CKM OH H e CTOJIb ~ELFimfi H HAeT, K a X e T M , OT n.R. Y a q a e ~ a ( ~ < P o c c ~ R - WO,WjIET CBUMX H ~ O ~ % R F I T H M X IIPOCTPaHCTB, me MHOrO reorpa- @HIT, HO ~ m o Rcropm)) EI T. rr.). Aeno name H e B p a s ~ e p e IcaK TaKoBoM, CKopee - B c 0 0 6 q e ~ m x TOG nOpb?, KOma B Espone yme ~ H A H peJlbCOBble ~ T H , a y aac ewe He 6bmo. Ho 3m TeMa o ~ f i e m ~ a x .

H T ~ K , p a c n u cCCP socTaerrn Bonpoc o pawepax Poccna B pan cnopabrx. B 1990-x roaax oHa ycTynana Epasanaa no Hacenemiw a 8811, a no nocne;IHeMy - M Ka~ane, EI nroBo~y ~3 qempex nHnepoB EB- pOCOlo3a. B HaYane B e K a B O C C T ~ H Q B M T ~ ~ ~ H ~ I ~ ~ POCT 3KOHOMIIKN no- Fvlor HaM yaepmaTma B rpynne rmanToB EI 8 0 % ~ ~ B T ~ K ~a3b1~emrii T; PUK (6pa3an~isr, POCCHJT, Mrrnan, TCkc~a*) - t p ynny a m a M m H M x nep- acaB carroporo srrrenoHa>>. Haqonro n ~ ? 3 ~ o 6ecno~okl~ M H O ~ X . n o ~ a xce M ~ I nJrTbre no c<cpenHeMy p a s ~ e p y ~ B m p e , a KaTeropm 3 ~ a mep- UtlOHHa 8, H& M O ~ B3rJIm, COCTaBJISleT H~MBJIOBBSH~IR TIlnOnOrHSf?C- K ~ I R llPkI3HaK CTPBHU.

Apyroe neno, VTO T-I c-rpaH rre cnoamu K rpynmpome no p a s ~ e - paM. flpeac~a13m pa3m1e mpbt, OHM p a 3 m ~ , HanpaMep. <<reJrosenec- urn P ~ ~ B H T M ~ M D , no m q e ~ c y KoToporo a Haqme XXI serca Ka~aaa, CILIA H f i n o ~ ~ s ~ m m B nep~oB qecxme crpm. EC-11- B cpemteM so e~opo8, P@, Epasmrrr a K m d s m a r m MecTa c 55-ro no 87-e, a kim~~3 ycTynaJra 114 CTPWaM. aWC0 l?pOH3BOflCTBO npOAOBOJlbCTs~R H a O m H I - I , ~ ~ c K ~ ~yrr ry aa nocneamm vemepm seKa sarpocno Ha TpeTb, Torn& ItaK B K E F T ~ ~ no=ITH y ~ O W l Q C b 2004, C. 230). T ~ M H e MeHee HEI O m H3 m a H T O B

no ~ O C I I C T ~ M H ~ I M cxeMaM yme H e nonanaer B KaTeropm wpm nepH- a e p u ~ . Daxe be- B m 3a ee o 6 q p < < ~ t t c c p , ~ e - a p o m ~ f i Bet H pm sbrcmx ~ o c m e H l l j i Bce me O T H O C ~ IE n o n y n e p ~ + e p ~ ~ .

Ta6nnqa 3.

Heworop~e reorp*nuecune xapampHcmun rpacl-rkramos B RaClaAe

XXI sene.

Qemamur - @amuuecw ca~oc~orrreab~mii M O ~ C I ~ O ~ ~ cocen K a ~ a m . ' ~ K C I I O ~ EC-11 B TpeTtH CTPaHbI 38 BbFIeTOM BbIE038 BlIyTpH ABI~HO& rpYnnb1.

no AatlHbIM P y n m H3yr4HlUl r~106m3anm U hlllPOBblX rOpDAOB - GaWC (Reaverslock et a]., 19991.

ropoqa c npWOpOAadH; pacrerb1 a oueaw sbrnonrIeHbl A.B. Kypacosbr~.

P q reorp@mecmx napaMeTpoB m m s , H a w m a R c Mep coceficmm n a n o m m , ngmeneH B ma&. 3. Tax, n o m e c a u sapTa E B P O ~ sop- M ~ H O c ~ a 6 m a EC-11 mym necmcam cocenoR, HO 6e3 ~em~aiimm a m m o n B TOM Maccme AX H e m o m fionbmc, rFeM y POCCNII JI T ~ T M . ~ T H M &EYM MraHTaM CO CJTOXHhIM COCeACKIIM OKPYX0HIieM V C w a l O T Ma-

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- Bonpocv r o r y ~ a p c r s a l ~ ~ o r o H uynnunnanbnoro ynpaBn9HHfl . 2007. TOM 1. Nu1 -- -

Pntynon 4. A H H ~ M W K ~ HaCeAeHHIl a M b l X M H O r O A l O ~ b l X CTpaH MWpa B l95&2030 rr.

~JIJI w E p a ~ m m , a CUIA, Kmwa H o c ~ p o ~ ~ a r x from COCT~BJIHIOT ~ p y r o f i

m C T ~ ~ H - n o n y o m e n n ~ ~ . COC~AGTBOM H a cyme II Ha Mope c 4-MJI ~ p y m - mi rHrmTaMZ1: BmenaeTcx P O C C ~ , no nape c o c e ~ e f i - ~ ~ H T Q B mielm KIT- ah w C W , HO 06nrmo rn H e 6onee omoro. Pas-I coomozuema no- TemarroB m a m a A ero coceneii. H ~ T O HB nepeBecm cBoe onpyxcemie lit, BCeM n o ~ a 3 a ~ e n m ~a6-H 3 (TPH 6a30~brx A CTOEIMOCTb ~ K C ~ O P T ~ ] .

W m , Kmma I4 P O C C H ~ ~ YCTJJIlaIoT C O C e p p M no BGeM CTaTb-. b ~ d , mom (~opcltof cocea Pa) a EC- 11 yc.rynam~ c o c e m a m o w w EI B Ha-

CeJleHHH, HO I IpeBOCXOmT EIX 3KOHOMEneCKkI. Bce BMeGTe WaHTbI PaCIIO- naram rpem A e m a M H rnobarm~btx ropoaos ~3 55, snaenewmx r p p - no8 s a n a ~ ~ n t x aKcnepToa no ~armvulo Be- K O M I I ~ I U I ~ ~ c+epb~ AeJIQBbIx YCJIJT H COPTHpYeMbIX Ha IUJZtCCbI -@a, 6 e ~ 8 I1. raMMia. Y POCCHM: w Epa311~m no omorq ropoAy macca 6 e ~ a (Mocma, Cm-naymy), a BOT B

M m mcnepm H e ~ a m m m OLIHOTO. A T ~ K , CWA, K a ~ a ~ a H POCCHR - ITIraHTbI TP&HCECOHTElHeHTaJ?bHbIe.

P@ oTmuaeT o6anae cocene*, IcaK EC-11 a Ksi~afi, a c Ka~woB H MH- q ~ e f i ee cdnal~cae~ c ~ p o ~ n b ~ f i H a @me coceneR norearman. hro6anb- H a R POnb Tp0X rJraBHbtX rmitHTOB BmHa l l O WCny MHpOBblX rOpOAOB A

kix Becy B cTpasax. Uempb~ rkiraHToB o6eax A ~ e p m , Espocorosa a oc- TPOBHOR, IIPEITOM nQJIrOB BPeMJi C ~ M O ~ ~ M K H Y T O ~ ~ . ~ ~ I O H ~ ~ U PaCnOJIOXe- HbZ Y HX r P a H q . Y POCCUZI, KHT&H, HHWH - APY~O#, U I ~ T ~ O B ~ ~ T H M ~ ~ THn B H ~ T P ~ H H ~ ~ ~ KOMll03HWH, C B S I S I H H M ~ ~ C M L T ~ P H K O B O ~ ~ ~pamwefi S4

<<ayxoMn, s nepnyn osepenn ~ a y x nepsnrx cTpaH. K ~ K coomocaTca pamep a r e o n o n ~ e c m f i set: C T ~ ~ H ? ham^ oqew

ICH pa3MepB II er0 LSUHaMAIEH B 0 6 ~ 1 5 ~ ~ J I H ~ I ~ B TTPeACT#JleHZM) 0 t(Bt3JM- IEHX aepmasaxfi, cor ssxe~ax M naneHIuar, porn H a m p o ~ o f i apme, HO

eCTb li O T K J I O H e W ~ . C Y U T ~ ~ T C R , VTO UTOrOM XDJTOJJJIOB B O ~ I CTm PUX Americana, XOTIT CUlA Hmowa H e 6b~llkl T a m m x e IEOJIOCCOM, K - a ~ HeKOma

~PMT&HCIE~~R: Mmepm, H AaBfiO yCTjTlaH3T K H T ~ H ~ no CMP M CAP. ~ T w -

CWMM p a 3 ~ e p a ~ Kmu, 13-1, 6pasu~mi m ~ o ~e omesam HX MecTa B n 0 ~ e ~ ~ 0 f i ~ a 6 e m 0 p W a X ; BMeCTO HElX B I ~ O J I ~ V BOCbMepKyn BXO- ART geTbIpe cpasmr Esponb~ [HO He EC). B 2004 row ~cno~rmznocn CTO neT nep~ofi pa6o~e 6pma~qa X. Mmmepa o Xap~nawe (Mackinder: 1904). Cepem~a XX seKa - 3 e m omcamoro mi m a : ~cposasu 6 m a 3a Mn- poaoii OCTPOB, HamcK H a pmnaWbI (a-tpacHoro noma>) E ~ p a 3 m OT 3m6b1 no M e ~ o ~ r a . B 1942 ,row Mm~31mep rime 3mm, YTO r r p q o m y o Kpe- IIOC.Tb Xap~lrayn;a BtlCpBbIe B HCTOPkIIl HaCeJfJXeT TaPHH30H, AOCT~.TOWI~&

Kormecmemo A KaYeCTBeHHo (qum. no Hooson, 1964, p. 120). H ~ I H ~ rap- HM3OH omm, cKopee HeaocTaToueH. C x e m M a ~ ~ m a e p a , e m c m a m KX nPOfH03H&IMEI, OflpaBa~JMCb H a P.&JleKO He ~ I o J T H ~ & BeK.

Y ~ 0 6 b 1 CyaATb 0 6 y n y l 4 e ~ rHraHTOB, HYXeH llpOTi?I03 6 8 3 0 ~ b 1 ~ llapaMeT- POB: TepPIlTOpElEI (KTO ee COXpaHHT, IIOTepJleT MJlM IIPH~~~BXIT COI03e C

K ~ M - T O ) , Hacenem H BBH. Hwem~ee Bcem ne~orpa@mec~ue rrpom3b1,

0- 113 HHX A 0 2030 rOAa ,JIJM CaMbXX M H O C O J I I O ~ I X CTPaH B U X HbIHeIIt-

HHX r p a m a x BMecTe c mmammoR sa nonoermy XX seRa B rpaHmax 6br- n u 0.rpaxcae.r puc. 4. Kmam M. M m (K 2050 r. oHa n o m a 0 6 0 h KH- ~ a i i ) conepHmoB ne ~ a h e ~ c a . Poccm memo 3-ro MecTa CCCP cpasy nonua H a 6-e, rrponycm snepen CUIA, Ayqoaeam H E p a ~ ~ . K 2030 row oHa YCWHT ti Me~cmce. flpasna, Hama ~pmm 6311131~a IC m ~ c f ~ o f i Crgyran smsy) H esponeiic~m. ICOTOP~IX ~o061qe HeT Ha rpaame.

l )yp~~o c1ca3am, KBK MOT M e H m b c H pa3~epb1 ~ e p p m o p a H ~ Z E O H O ~ . HO rJImHbIr! li5tAe-I POCCHH ~006we II: H a TO, vr06b1 OCTaTbCR mal - tTOM, - 3TO HMeHHO ~ I E O H O M ~ F I ~ C K & POCT. BOT MJZbKO A ~ M o I " ~ F @ ~ I YTO Hn owa cTpma He wens npyrmbur, ycrrexoB B ~KOHOMHIEB r r p ~ 3a~mmofi y 6 ~ - JIM Hacenem ( J ~ ~ ~ O ~ O B C I C U , 2003)8. IIoxome, sn~xoq o m - m w p m . Cnopy Her, OH He o r e m r r p m s , ~e6esonace~, H TJT Toxe mome ~ ~ B E F C ~

OT ~KOHOMIIKII: S e M m a 380po~ee y MC u 60~1b~ee y cocene21, TeM rrpmma- Tenmee WLH HIM POCCCISI. apyroe neno. K ~ K M M MOWT 6 m rrpm~ K ueM OH

O ~ ~ ~ H ~ T C J Z H a @ o ~ e maoro pocra pacuswn B w e l c q m e . YTO x e 1x3 3 ~ o r o cneAyeT: u ~ o epeMsr mramoe Bce pamo Y X O ~ T ELRU

YTO o m , B TOM wcne Poccna. H e ~ o ~ r T T ~ R T ~ semmbl: a c ~ e f i Be- n m ? YBM, HCTOPEFR EI reorpaam H e m6m CocnaraTemHoro mmnoHe- HIIR. M O A ~ J I H P O B ~ T ~ BBPEIWTM HmO, HO ~ 0 0 6 ~ 4 8 - ~ 0 YTO 6 ~ 1 0 , TO 6bm0,

S T 0 BCTb, TO BCTb, 8, YTO ~ Y A ~ T , TO 6yne~. Qa~Tb1 eCTb @#T~I, a MIIeHm - 3TO M H e M . P O C C ~ Y J J B P ~ a e T Cpem mraHTOB 0e TeppHTOpMII, NOKe&H c-n ( ~ e ~ a 4 o p a wtaccmo~). OH T ~ K B ~ J I H K , YTO e m C T P B H ~ ~myr no- ~ e ~ y - n a b 0 p p a m 40% mom^. TO a Toma 6 y ~ e ~ rrep~ofi B m e (10,2 Mml.. KMZ), a C TeM 3nte HaCeJIeREIeM H BBn (0t;nkl, AOTtyCTIlM H a MIW, nOTe- psleT c m e rryc~bre se~mr) - orrycm~csr no CUP 6 m s ~ e rc E p a s m ~ s , HO H efi mHa H e Y C T Y ~ . TO +~KT, porn K O T O P O ~ I I ~ O C T O noptepxmaeT

rwrro~esa c noTepm. A BOT MHBW o 3 e ~ x e 0 6 ~ , TOM gape U C T O P ~ EF reorpa4nn Poccm, pacxoAJrTcR, npsreM H ~ ~ ~ I T O K npocTpmcma li ero <<Tp@HMe>> O m a E o T C J I OCTpee npEl OTCTBBBHMX B PBSBIITMH.

P a 3 ~ e p EI pa3BHTHe CTpaH, B rUElp0IEOM CMblCJIe O ~ O H X TePMIIHOB, He YqeIFllPMbI, HO B pme O T H O K I ~ H ~ ~ B3itMMOCBIL3aEIbI. ECJM BeCb CTPOA XO-

BonpocM rOCylapCTB8HHOCo a Mynauunanbnoro ynpnsnennn. 2007. TOM I. Nnl

~ & C T B ~ H M 3 H H nlO~efi, XapaKTep O T H O U J ~ H H ~ C BHeUIHMM MWPOM H II0-

s e a e m s H e M ~ ~ B M C X T OT Toro, B e m K a cTpaHa rzrm Maria, TO TO Henpe- MeHHO C K a X e T C R Ha MOAeJLAX ee pa3BWMM. H ~ B ~ C T B O TaKXe, YTO nOCTHM- rrepc~caA 3Tan Bb13blBaeT IEpRBHC CIlCTeMbI PaSAeJlOHHR TPYAB, HH@PE~cTPJ%TYP~I, HHCTHTYTO El, MhIUUEBHHJX H WBHTHYHOCTH. (<K~IIJRC pasme pan EacaeTcJr Bcex cTpas. B O ~ H H ~ ~ H a MecTe I IM~I~PCIFO~~ HHTer-

paUkUT, He3BBkFCHMO OT MeCTB B H&, P 3 W e T e H name B PaMFCaX Hell3MeH- HbIX (TO eCTb C O B ~ ~ M ~ H H ~ I X ) I'OCYAaPCTB€!HHbIX T ~ P P H T O P H ~ ~ .

H a n o ~ m , TO 6 0 n b ~ I ~ cTpaHa ~ ~ o r o p a i i o ~ ~ a - TO cBoero poaa ye- JIOCTHaSI CIICTBMB M e H b W X CTpaH. P e m o m r - ~ y 6 % e ~ ~ ~ d PQ) YaCTO CpaBHU-

BalOT CO CTOJIbKZIMH-TO @PBH-H WIH ~ B ~ ~ Y ~ P I I J ~ M H , HO II0'4TH B C @ Q a no ~OLIIWH, K KOTOPOB pa3~epb1 He CBORRTCSI.

B 2004 r o n P O C C H ~ B 8,5 pa3 y c T p U a C m no o 6 3 e ~ y BBn C JWeTOM

napaTeTa no~yna~enb~oi i cnoco6noc~n B ~ I O T . Becb ~ r n npoayEtr CKPOM- Hee p e m o ~ m ~ b u r rrpommB K m @ o p m , rpy rm~ Cpeme-A~~~am-mec- KIIX LDTBTOB, q r n Bornme, r e M y K)ro-3anab1x, A T. a., IFTO I I O I E ~ ~ ~ H O

WeM HaJJOHtIleHHeM {(BOCbMII POCC&B Ha YaCTI1: C m C 6m3~ofi M ~ C C O ~ ~ 3IEOHOMHKR, BitpbKPyR IUIOUaflbFO KOHTYPOB PQ) - ll0 BO3MOHCHOCTZI, 683 rrepecene~di (puc. 51.

M H T ~ ~ ~ C H ~ I H 0 6 ~ a ~ ~ b 1 f 3 CpaBHeHHJ3 C Y ~ % ~ ~ C T O B P@ CO CTPaHaMEI. flpa~fla, HaCeneHlie H 3KOHOMElKB Ha-IIIHX p e M 0 H O B MeHbWe, W M y m6oro TIWaHTa

M q a . A r n e BBII pwa M ~ ~ I X P ~ ~ B H T ~ I X cTpaH H e cnArUlcoM ycTynaeT poc- CLIBCKOM~: B 2,5 paaa y H a ~ e p n a w o ~ , B 5,4 pasa y UI~efiuap~u. Ee cjrema o6orrren T O ~ K O CTQJIEI--IH~IZ~ perwoH PO, a ~a wbIe PacTiw 3 ~ a cqaaa, c nnoumbm KaIc y cemcKsa ~ ~ M E I H J I C T ~ W H B M ~ O ~ O A H ~ I X c e ~ e p ~ b ~ x o ~ p y - I-OB, m x e T M O ~ M M ~ K . O H O M M ~ ~ C I U Z M WITHOM, n p m a m elye 11 I-CYCKB CT~~H-coceneii (puc. 6). HO 3T0 TOJlbKO 3KOHOMEIK8. A KBK me, K llplfMepy. CMP, C O A ~ ~ X ~ W M ~ ~

BKJIaA rJraBHOr0 ~ O C ~ T C T B ~ Po, T ~ ~ ~ U T O P A I I ? C P ~ A H H ~ HHAeKC TYT MOXeT

6 b 1 ~ b ABORKMM: no AOJISIM n n o u a n ~ , Hacenemsr ri BPll perMoHa I r a c ~ ~ BBII c ~ p a a n ~ ) B wipe rrnn me B c a ~ o i i P o c c n ~ . P a s ~ ~ y a MHPOB~IX 1.1 no- M a U H H X M e P O K OYeBRAHa. C $ X & - ~ ~ F I K Y T M ~ ~ - 3T0 2,3% ~ ~ M H O R CYLUZI, HO BOT

AonH CaMOrO MHOrOJImAHOrO y HaC M ~ C K O B ~ K ~ ~ O P e r H O H a B MIlPOBOM HB- ceneamr - B c e r o 0,28%. 3~l1 17 MJIH. Yen. ~e BneqaTnmoT PJTAOM. ma- X e M , C O 180 MnH. I3 MHAH&CKHM WTaTe Y T T ~ P - ~ ~ B A B ~ L I . P ~ ~ H O H O B POCCMH,

sbsr AOJM B nnorqaaH cyma sbirrre, 9 e M B Haceneam, OKOJIQ 70, a c npe- BbIUrk?HIleM H a g ~0JIef i B BBfl - donee 80.

06e BepCKH paC9RTa BbIBO&HT BlIepeA HMeHHo BHYTPeHHHX YBMITMOHOB: JIIE)TIIH~ II MOCFEOBCIC~ perkfOH C M O C K B O ~ ~ . I ~ M T P O C C H ~ ~ C I E O ~ ~ A ~ H H JIIWH-

PyeT no nep~ofi BepCRki, ~ ~ 0 J f J W ~ b l f i - lT0 BTOPOB. ~ T H BHYTpeHHMe IWrUITbI

PaBHOMOWHbI TBKHM C V a H a M , KaJc E r m e ~ , T a m a ~ ~ , @ ~ T [ I I H H M , KOJIYM- ~ H R . C O ~ J ~ ~ C H O < ~ ~ O h l H p O B O M y ) ~ CMP, AeCJrTKa cy6-ae1c~os-n~~epoe POCCITH COCTOHT B OCHOBHOM ~3 BOCTOW~IX perHotroB. dlpopoccaf c~atiu cveT no6a~-

JMeT K m i ~ ~ ~ H H H ~ I ~ c K H ~ ~ , C s e p ~ ~ ~ o ~ c ~ ~ i h , K p a c ~ o f f a p c m i i perHoHb1,

mH CWP cpas-I GO c p e m m i MweItcaMII: MUI~IX cTpaH E ~ p o m . Bo ~ c e f i P o c c ~ a , npA ee c p a B H e H m c ~ p y m m clpaaam no CMP, yMe-

CTRTCR A0 TpeX ( ~ 0 s ~ e e 2,s) r e p ~ i l . ~ ~ f i : Oms B ~ B ~ o I T ~ ~ ~ c K O ~ TaCTU C Ypa- now apyraa B C~6apa, TpeTasr OT Eahana II: rimes {puc 71. B PO MOXHD

T a K x e ctynomamn 4 Qpaaqmi, no 10 Y ~ p a ~ n EZTM Jlonbm, 14 Hyqepna~- JIOB, 18 L U ~ e q ~ i i . 28 m ~ e f i ~ a p ~ f i . Ilo nep~oii sepcm CMP, donee noaxo- m e R JlJJ3 TaKHX 3aaarI, U B ~ G ~ ~ ~ M M He yCTyIIaEoT CeMb OTAeJIbHO B3RTbIX

C Y ~ X ~ ~ E T O B PO, a Hwepnaqqa~ - T o n m o I I ~ y n w t ; IC MOCICOBCKOM~ me pe- rtlOHY lIP&f,Q?TCH ~ 0 6 a ~ n ~ T b HBCKOJIbKO CMeXHbEX C HHM.

Bce 3T0 II~IIIIH& pas. IlyCTh rpy6ona~0, HO 3aTO HBFJIWHO, lTOAl'l3epX-

AaeT TOT Q ~ T , TO BCJI POCCM H ee Kpynmlte pafioabr, pemoHm - m a H -

TbI CKOpee El MMPOBOM I $ H ~ ~ I Y ~ C K O M , TCplfpOAHOM IIpOCTPaHCTBe, S e M B 3KO- HOMIPIeCKOM A m A ~ M O I " ~ ~ @ I I Y ~ C K O M . aHitJIET3a BCeX M H O I W ~ a H O B L I X

c n e n c ~ s d T ~ O R <<H.OMIIOSII~HH)> aameii C T ~ ~ H L I y x e HeT MecTa. ~ ~ 0 ~ s e c ~ k l o6wrie H T O m M3JIOHCeHHOrO M O M 0 CaMbIM IFPaTFCIZM 06pa30~. h r a ~ ~ c ~ a e rocynapcm a, C T ~ ~ H ~ I - M ~ T ~ ~ U E M , sMnepkiA Nrrpamm 4 an^

B XIX - Hawme XX seEa. H b 1 ~ e TO czcopee ~cKmoseHtIa ~3 npaswra, HO HcRmoreHiw r u r a H T c K o r o p a m e p a . A OH noacTme aMeeT s ~ a q e ~ ~ e , no- 3HTkIBHOe M HerEl'l'HBHOe, BJI)IHR H a Pit3BkITMe II Y C T ~ O ~ ~ C T B O CTPWbI, e@ BHeIIlHEle B H m e H H 1 3 e CB.K3H, CaMOC03HaHMe WrtWaH, OTHOLUeHHe K HHM EI K C T p U @ 3a p y 6 e x o ~ .

Oco6asr ponb n p o c T p a H c T s a B Poccna 06mes3sec~~a. O A H ~ O aeao- OCOBHaH TOT *BET, ST0 UMeHHO O H 0 CAeJIaJIO ee I'HrilHTOM II JIMUlb O H 0

C.OXpaHfleT 3a ~ e f i 33T YQ311uHH) B MHpe , CJIYXlXT CTHMyJlOM Pa3BHTETR 11 B

TO X e EIpeMa er0 JIMMEZTHPYeT. Pa3~epb1, C T P O e H H e , WHePYHH) II IIpOYEie

G B O ~ ~ C T B ~ H B U I ~ ~ ~ TePPEITOPBEP HeA004eHHBitFOT MOAePHH3aTOPbl H pe-

P Y ~ ~ H O K 7. CHP r e p ~ a n n ~ M pal io~os Poccw~ B ZOO2 r. Conomis~enne c HanoHenHeu KOHTYPa ~ ~ P M ~ H M H .

(POPM&TOPLI, Y b H 6name HaYHHaHIIII %CTO BJISHYT H a ITPOCBSLKBX. BO H3- 6exaaae HOBbIX K ~ T ~ C T P O $ ~ H HPRSLICOB, Bf JTIOWLR <iKpH3HCbl P&3MepBn, ~ T H csofic~sa Haao B H ~ T ~ H ysaman. nepe@pasnpya K~BK-asc~oe aspe- reHHe 06 MCTOpUYeCKOM TIpOIWTOM, CKaxKy eU@ pe39e: ctC-XH B IIpOCTpaH- CTBO POCCITM 8bICTpeJlHTb M3 IIHCTOJETa, O H 0 BLICTPemT B BaC H3 l'IyLIIKH.

M ~ M ~ P H T ~ , CpaBHllBaTb pa3Mepbl CTpaH HJlM HX Y ~ c T ~ ~ I MOXHO no-pa3- HOMY. B h l b p i t ~ ~ b l e HaMIl 3AeCb 6a30~b1e lTpR3HaICH 11 MeTOabI AOCTaTOYHO IIpOCTbl. TO nRUb HHCTpYMeHTbl 04eHKB pa3Mepa IIO p q ) ' KPEITBPH-

eB B ZTePBOM TIPH~JIMHC~HBA. ~ C C T H O TOROPSI, R XOTeJI C I IX IIOMOLLIbH3 q O - ~ Y A M T ~ HHTepeC K C ~ M O R TeMe <<pa3Mep&>> <<TeOpMII 60JIbIIIEIx CTpaH),, KOTOPOR HBT, HO KOTOPYKI ~ ~ I S Z O 6b1 flaSIeK-0 H e 6ecnone3~o MMeTb.

1, r o n y 6 w ~ M.M. l lo~muecww KapTa Mupa. C ~ o n e ~ c ~ : Yuusepcy~, 2001.

3. MaeproRs W.M. Teppmpnanm c ~ p p r p a xo3nlicm. H O B O C U ~ I L ~ I X Huym, 1986.

4. Mupoeoe xo~licrao. Chpnun mnttnrecnnx Marepuaou la 1913-1927 rr. M.: UCY CCCP, I 928.

5. 8 p b l m r r d I43 ~ A O B 6.H. 3 m ~ ~ a . M.: A e - M 2003,

npwummerlbnc w Poccnn (oqtpnu no i~o~ntnuccnoli reo$a+wn). nempozprad: Tu- n o z p n q b ~ B.B. Crnac~u~eeusa, 1915.

7. C ~ H A. Parmutwe n a ~ cmobom / nep. c aarrr. M.: Hosoe trrldame~bcmeo, 2004.

11. Beaverstock J.V., Smith R.G. , Taylor P.J. A Roster of World Cities (http://www.lboro. ac.tbk/gawc/r&/rb5.ht~, 1999.

12. Hill F., Gaddy C. The Siberian curse: how comrnunlst planncro left Russia out in the cold. Washington, D.6: Brookings Instirurion Press, 2003.

13. Hooson D. A New Soviet Heartland. London-Toronto-N.Y: D. Van ~Vostmnd Company Inc. [Canada), 1964.

14, Mackinder H.J. The Geographical Pivot of History // Geographical Journql, 1904. VOI. 23. P 421-437.

15. Maddison A. Monitoring the World Economy 1820- 1992. Paris: OECD. 1999.

16. Maddison A. The World Economy: A Millenlal Perspective. Paris: OECD, ZOO1

17- Murphy A.B. , Johnson C.M.. German Geopolitics in Transition // Eurasian Geography und Econontics. 2004. tol. MLUX No. I . P.1-17.

18. Ratzel F. Politische Geographie, oder die Geographie der Shaten, der Verkehrr, und der Krieges. Munich-Berlin: R. Oldenbourg, 1897.

19. World Development Indicators. Washington DC: World Bank, 2003-2005 (www. worldbank.or~datn/dataquery. html].

- B o n p o r b ~ rocynapcrBennorn n w y ~ u u ~ n a n b n o r o ynpannenaa. 2 0 0 7 . TOM I . No1

BOT HRKOTOpbIe lTPIIMBPh1. AHrJIHa IlepeXMJla B~opyro MHpOByio B O ~ H Y C JGL~ToWIO~~ c l i c ~ e ~ o f I . 8 1947 TaM ewe HOpMllpOBaJlM xne6 I4 ~apTo@eJlb. HO BepllnU, YTO B C e nanaAMrca: d n a s a 6ory, y Hac ecTb KonoHtrun ( Y e r e ~ ~ m a , 1948, c. 461. A ronnaHnsb1 B TY nOPY yHEe MpaYHO PH+MOBBJIA: UOCT-~IDAII HBT, np~lIlafi, 6enbfi CBBT!)) f l 0 3 ~ e H1wepnar1nbl6oponlicb 3a npaso npoBeneariH oanoti 113 Onn~nnan non ACnI43OM < < M ~ I - M a n e H L r c u Bonbmu cTpaHau (MaJIm no moruwa II 6onbmu so nceM IIHOM).

Teppi~~opwr, cTonL UenuMu, CrcaxceM, IP. P a ~ a e n e ~ (Ratxel, 1897), csmanrtruM, w o 3penofi Aepmase ~ y s r c ~ o He Menee 5 Mnn. K M ~ , YCTpaAT ~ K O H O M A Y ~ C K O ~ ~ ,

~ ~ H @ o ~ M ~ ~ & I o H H o ~ Mown H gaCTO O ~ O ~ ~ Y H B B ~ T C ~ ~ n p o 6 n e ~ a ~ l l H3-3a HeJIOCTYIlHOCTH H pa3HDPOnHOCTH ~ a c ~ e i l rocyaapcTsa (TYPOBCIEM, 1999, c. 109; Hill, Caddy, 2003, p. 10-1 1 ).

Ero (a npenruecTseHnHKa - E3Cj nonro Henbssr 6b1no cwTaTb CTPPH(IR, KaIc rpynnHpoBKy, rae coq~aab~o-nonw~irrec~arr uHTerpam oTcTaeT OT ~ K O H O M I I ~ ~ ~ C K O ~ .

€lo B 2003 r. 71% onporue~inb~x n 7 c,TpaHax esponefiue~ y x e cynkinH EC ponb cynepAepsrcasb1 (20% - nplc3eane ~ a ~ o a o C t nHmb CLLIA). Pax Americana rIe osem HpasaTcs! n espononHTnIcaM. OHM ~~10681 noro~opmb o MHoronompHoM MHPC, o TOM,

w o sceii MOUIH AM~PHICH Mano AJW noRqepmaHHJr Mnposora nopnma (Murphy, Johnson, 20041.

l lpana, na MeHapHoM saceiram V M e ~ a p o m o i i ~ o ~ t $ e p e m n ~ ccKoeuy- ~ ~ H T O C ~ O C O ~ H O C T ~ H MOAePHEI3W 3KOHOMHKLO 604.2004 rOAa A. ~ ~ I ~ ~ H O H O B smam, TO 6 y ~ ~KOIIOMEZICH B M p n a w ~ r.oYeTarrca c ybbmbm wmenefi. TO, ysbr, o r u ~ 6 ~ a . Hacenc~ue TaM nonro cTarauposao, HO 3a 195ib2004 r o w sqocno Ha 1 m. Yen. (1/3), a c 1980 rona - H a 0,7 m. n p q o c ~ saxe y c m p w ~ 6naronaprr rrpmo~y Mnrpawroe nocne seKoB m orroea. a p y r a ~ uespouynecnnqm, O H H ~ K W ~ ~ , 11pa6asma 3a re xce r o w 1,2 a 0,34 m. m e n e f i . Bcero CMP acwicneH anrr 86 pemoHOB cTpaHnr [ J I e~mrpanc~u 06nacrb 06'bemne~a c C.-nesepbypro~, a Ye- sbrnanaeT as-sa O T C ~ T C T B ~ c T a m c m ee BPn] Ila 2002 ran.