Nikko Carisma

Patricia Santos

FE

Integumentary • meaning the skin; animals breath through

the skin instead of lungs or other organs.

Gills • it allows gas exchange in water

environments

Tracheal systems • Some insects have tubes that are open to

the outside of their body

Lungs• this is how land animals, including

humans, breathe and do respiration

of the Respiratory System

Respiration• The most important function

of the respiratory system is the process of respiration, from the system’s name alone.

Inhalation• Inhalation supplies the air the

respiratory system needs to survive.

Exhalation• Exhalation removes the

carbon dioxide from the lungs from the respiration process.

Vocalization• Vocalization is the process

which enables humans to speak and also to make sound.

Coughing• This is the system’s way of

removing foreign particles in air from inhalation, which may cause inflammations or diseases.

• It is the uppermost part of the respiratory tract.• It is the sensory organ for smelling.• The external part of the nose consists of two nostrils separated by a septum, made up of cartilage.

• It forms a hollow passage that connects the nostrils and the top of the throat: the nasal cavity.• It also filters, warms and

moistens the air before it moves on to other parts of the respiratory tract.• The nasal cavity is lined with

a membrane lined with tiny hairs that trap foreign bodies.

• The pharynx is a passageway from the back of the mouth and nose to the upper part of the esophagus and into the voice box.

• It acts like a station where the food tube and the air tube meet.

• It is somehow conical in form.

• Swallowed food is prevented from entering the lungs by the epiglottis.• The pharynx is also 5 inches long.

• It is also known as the voice box—the organ for voice

• One can feel it in the front part of the neck.• When air from the lungs passes over the

stretched vocal cords, vibrations are produced–The mouth and the tongue move to modify

sound.

• It is a hollow cartilaginous structure located at the base of the pharynx• This is the structure that rises and falls when we swallow food.

• The trachea or windpipe is comprised of cartilage and ligaments and is located at the front of the neck

• The trachea serves as the passage for air - it moistens and warms it while it passes into the lungs

• It is lined with a moist mucous-membrane layer composed of cilia.• Its walls are made up of C shaped

rings of cartilage.–Its C shaped rings provide strength to keep it flexible and distended permanently

• They are two tubes which enter each lung• Each bronchi divides into fine

tubes called secondary bronchi. • The secondary bronchi then

separate into still smaller tubes called tertiary bronchi.

• The tertiary bronchi further divide into smaller and finer tubes called bronchioles.•No gas exchange occurs here – this is just a passageway of into the lungs

• The main organ of the respiratory system.• They are spongelike organs.• Each lung is enclosed in the

double membrane called the pleura.

• Surround the heart and fill up most of the cavity inside the ribs• Although they come in pairs, they are

not completely identical because the left lung is smaller than the right lung.• Here lies air sacs called alveoli where

the actual gas exchange takes place.

a l v e o l i!

• This is where gas exchange takes place in the respiratory system.• Alveoli have walls that are one cell

thick• An adult alveolus has a diameter of

200 micrometers. However, it increases in inhalation.

GAS EXCHANGE• The blood brings carbon dioxide from

the rest of the body for release into the alveoli.

• The oxygen in the alveoli is taken up by the blood in the alveolar blood vessels.

• The oxygen will then be transported to all the cells in the body to be used.