Nhom12 Pectin

8/12/2019 Nhom12 Pectin

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BCNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PHHCH MINH

VIN CNG NGHSINH HC V THC PHM

TIU LUNMN PHGIA THC PHM

TI:

PECTIN

GVHD:Thy L VN NHT HOIM hc phn: 210502602TP. HCh Minh. Thng 10, nm 2013


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BCNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PHHCH MINH

VIN CNG NGHSINH HC V THC PHM*********

TIU LUNMN PHGIA THC PHM

TI: PECTIN

Stt Hv Tn MSSV Nhim v im1 Thnh Duy (NT) 11066581 Tm hiu mt quy trnh cth, tng hp, thuyt trnh2 Nguyn ThThy An 11042271 Ngun khai thc, Phng php sn xut3 Phm Cm Nhung 11032371 ng dng, quy nh trong thc phm4 Nguyn ThThy Qu 11045801 C chto gel, phn loi5 Phm Ngc Thi 11004477 Khi nim, tnh cht


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LI MUPectin(tHy Lp ci : pktiks, "ng t, curdled" ) l mt cu

trcheteropolysaccharide cha trong chnhtbo cathc vt trn cn

Trong sinh hc thc vt, pectin bao gm mt tp hp cc polysaccharides c mt

trong thnh t bo s cp nht v c bit phong ph trong cc b phn phi g ca thcvt trn cn.Pectin l mt thnh phn chnh catrung phin knh, ni m n s gip linkt t bo vi nhau, nhng cng c tm thy trong thnh t bo chnh.

Pectin l mt phn t nhin ca con ngich n ung, nhng khng nggp ng k vodinh dng . Tiu th hng ngy ca pectin t tri cy v rau qu c thc c tnh vo khong 5 g (gi s tiu th khong 500 g tri cy v rau qu mingy).

Trong tiu ha ca con ngi, pectin lin kt vi cholesterol trong ng tiu hav lm chm s hp thu glucose bi carbohydrate by.Do pectin ha tan l mtchtx.

Tiu th ca pectin c chng minh l lm gim nng cholesterol trongmu. C ch xut hin l tng nht trong ng rut, dn n mt s hp th gimcholesterol t mt hoc thc n.Trong rut gi v rut, vi sinh vt phn hy axit bochui ngn pectin v gii phng c nh hng tch cc sc khe (prebiotic c hiu lc).

Pectin ln u tin c phn lp v m tnm 1825 biHenri Braconnot . Nc sn xut thng mi nh l mt mu trng vi nh sng bt mu nu, chyu lchit xut ttri cy , v c sdng trong thc phm nh mtcht gel c bittrongn tc v thch.N cng c sdng trong cc cht hn, thuc men, ngt, lmcht n nh trong nc p tri cy v ung tsa, v l mt nguncht x.

Hin nay, cc nh khoa hc vn cha tm thy c hi m Pectin gy ra cho conngi, vy nn, vi nhiu tc dng nh trn,Pectin c xem l mt phgia qu v rtc a chung trn thgii.

Hm nay, nhm em xin c trnh by nhng tm hiu vPectin thy v ccbn cng theo di.Trong qu trnh lm bi cn nhiu sai st, mong thy v cc bn thngcm.
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Phn t lng ca cc loi pectin tch ra t cc ngun qu khc nhau thay itrong gii hn rng ty theo s phn t acid galacturonic v thng thay i trong phmvi t 10.000 100.000. Trong cc hp cht dng glucid so v chiu di phn t th pectincao hn tinh bt nhng thp hn cellulose. V d t ngun to, mn thu c pectin c

phn t lng t 25.000 35.000, trong khi pectin ly t cam li c phn t lng t ti50.000.

Tn gi pectin dng ch cc chui polygalacturonic methyl ha 100%. Tn giacid pectinic ch cht c methyl ha thp hn 100%. Cn tn gi acid pectic chacid polygalacturonic hon ton khng cha nhm methoxyl. Trong thc tin th tn

pectin dng ch c acid pectinic v pectin.

III. Phn loi Pectin

C nhiu cch phn loi Pectin khc nhau:1.Theo % nhm methoxyl c trong phn t:Chia lm 2 loi:

a. HMP (High Methoxyl Pectin): Nhm c ch s methoxyl cao: MI >7%, trong phn tpectin c trn 50% cc nhm acid b ester ha (DE >50%).

b. LMP (Low Methoxyl Pectin): Nhm c ch s methoxyl thp: MI


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bi cc gc acid galacturonic,trong mt s gc acid c cha nhm th methoxyl.b. Pectin khng ha tan trong nc (protopectin): l dng kt hp ca pectin vi

araban (polysaccharide thnh t bo).IV. Tnh cht:

-Pectin tinh ch c dng cht bt trng mu xm nht, khng mi v,d tan trong

nc to thnh dung dch keo c nht cao. T dung dch vi nc, pectin c th b ktta vi ru, aceton, ete hoc benzen. Khi un nng trong nc pectin b ph hy.

- Khi c mt ca acid v ng n c kh nng to gel. V vy pectin c ngdng ph bin trong k ngh sn xut mt ko. Pectin ly t cc ngun khc nhau th ckh nng to gel khc nhau.

- i vi pectin tan th di tc dng ca pectinase s bin thnh acid pectinic(thng di dng mui Ca v Mg) v cc cht n ginkhc nh ru methylic, acidacetic, arabinose, galactose.

- Cc dng pectin tn trong tri cy cng tn ti mt lc.-Trong qu trnh chn, di tc dng ca enzyme pectinase hoc vi s tham gia

ca acid hu c, protopectin b thy phn thnh pectin hatan, cng lc lin kt giacc t bo gim- Pectin ha tan khi b tc dng ca kim long hoc enzyme pectinase s gii

phng nhm th methoxyl di dng methylic v polysaccharide (acid pectic). Acidpectic c th to nn dng mui canxi pectat, cht ny chuyn thnh dng kt ta ddng, do dng nh lng pectin. Tuy nhin acid pectic li khng c kh nng togel ngay c khi c ng nh pectin, v vy, duy tr kh nng to gel ca pectin hatan cn ch trnhmi trngkim hoc tc dng thy phn ca pectinase.

-B ph hy khi un nng nhit cao trong thi gian di lm gim tnh ngca sn phm khi c c.

V. C chto gel ca pectinTy thuc mc methoxyl ha ca phn t m cc loi pectin khc nhau c c ch togel khc nhau:1. Cc c chto gela. HMP: To gel bng lin kt hydro:

C ch to gel bng lin kt hydro

*iu kin to gel: nng ng sucrose > 50%pH = 3,1-3,5

nng pectin 0,5-1%- ng c kh nng ht m, v vy n lmgim mc hydrat ha ca phn t pectintrong dung dch.

- Ion H+ c thm vo hoc i khichnh nh acid ca qu ch bin trungha cc gc COO-, lm gim tchinca cc phn t. V vy cc phn t
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c th tin li gn nhau to thnh lin kt ni phn t v to gel. - Trong cc trng hp ny lin kt cc phn t pectin c th hydroxyl-hydroxyl,

carboxyl-carboxyl, hoc hydroxyl-carboxyl. Kiu lin kt ny khng bn, do cc gelto thnh s mm do do tnh di ng ca cc phn t trong khi gel. Loi gel ny khc

bit vi gel thch hoc gelatin.

- Cu trc ca gel: ph thuc vo hm lng ng, hm lng acid, hm lngpectin, loi pectin v nhit .

- 30-50% ng thm vo l sucrose. Do cn duy tr pH acid khi un nu sgy ra qu trnh nghch o ng sucrose, ngn cn skt tinh ca ng sucrose.

Ngoi ra ng nghich o c khnng ht m hn csucrose nn duy tr cho sn phmkt cu mm lng. Tuy nhin cng khng nn dng qu nhiu acid v pH qu thp sgynghch o mt lng ln sucrose, gy kt tinh glucose v ha gel nhanh to nn cc vncc.

- Khi dng lng pectin vt qu lng thch hp sgy ra gel qu cng, do khidng mt nguyn liu c cha nhiu pectin cn tin hnh phn gii bt chng bng cch

un lu hn.- Khi sdng mt lng cnh bt cmt loi pectin no, pH, nhit cnggim v hm lng ng cng cao th gel to thnh cng nhanh.*ng dng: lm mt qunghin, nc qungb. LM P: to gel bng l in kt vi i on Ca2+*iu kin to gel: khi c mt Ca2+, ngay cnng


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- Cu trc ca gel: phthuc vo nng Ca2+v chsmethoxyl.

- Gel pectin c chsmethoxyl thp thng c tnh cht n hi ging nh agar-agar.Chiu di phn tpectin quyt nh cng ca gel, chc pectin c khi lng

phn tkhng b hn 10000 mi c khnng to gel, nu chiu di qu thp th n

khng to gel c mt d dng vi liu lng cao.Khi pectin c cng khi lng phntth khnng to gel phthuc vo mc este ha cc gc ca mach galacturonic ticc nhm metoxyl (-OCH3).

+ Nhm methoxyl tng t8 -11 % th bn ng tca n tng, ngc li khnng ng tgim. Pectin c t9,5 -11% nhm(-OCH3) mi trng pH = 3 v hmlng ng 35 % khnng ng ttt.

+ Khi hm lng methoxyl gim xung 5% v thp hn khi pectin vn gickhnng ng tto ng chm, i hi thay i hm lng ng cng nh pectin v

acid.+ Nu pectin c hm lng t3,5 -6 % nhm methoxyl khi c stham gia ca cc

mui kim loi nhiu ha trnh Ca2+v trn 35% ng th n sto ra ng tbnvng.*ng dng: cho php chto c tht ng c cng bn ngay ckh hu nhit i(khc vi ng gelatin). Hoc lm mt ng cho ngi btiu ng.2. Cc yu tnh hng n c chto gel:a. Pectin:

- Nng ca cc phn tpectin trong dung dch cng ln th slin kt gia ccphn txy ra cng nhanh v sng tc to ra cng bn.

-Nhng khng phi tt clng pectin u tham gia vo vic to ng tchnh vvy bn gel khng phi xc nh theo slng nhiu t m xc nh theo chiu dimch phn tv mc methoxyl ha.

- Nu phn tpectin qu ngn skhng to c gel mc d sdng vi liulng cao. Nu phn tpectin qu di th gel rt cng. Khi cc si chc to ra ngn,mng li gipha lng ca keo km do sng tsyu v c khnng a n sra nt ( v nhnc ).

- Mc methoxyl ha quy nh c chto gel: ty thuc vo chsmethoxylcao hay thp phn tpectin m cc kiu kt hp gia chng skhc nhau trong vic togel.


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b. Nc:

m ca khi keo tng th qu trnh to keo tcng nhanh (v tng tc nhhng ca cc phn tpectin do nht ca dung dch phn tn gim)c. ng:

Vai tr ca ng trong vic to ng l khnc, gim solvat ha ca cc phntpectin, phthuc vo slng v cht lng pectin m dng lng ng khcnhau.Hm lng pectin cng cao, cht lng ca n cng tt th i hi hm lngng trong stao ng cng nhiu nhng nu:

- Cao qu so vi pectin th bn ng tgim v gim tc to ng. Lngng phi ln hn 50% th mi c khnng to gel. Thng thng ngi ta thngdng nng 65%. Nu hm lng ng cao qu c thgy kt tinh ng trn bmt ht keo hay trong hkeo.

- Thp qu th khng to gel.d. Acid:

- Yu cu ca acid trong vic to gel pectin :

- Acid cho vo phi c mc phn ly cao hn acid pectic nh vy n sngn cn sphn ly ca acid pectic do o cc mixen pectic mt in tch cng du, chng c ni lithnh si di.

-Khi cho acid vo th ion hydro thay thion kim loi trong nhm cacboxyl ca

phn tpectin sau khi ty c acid pectic ra khi mui ca n. (mui pectat khngtham gia qu trnh to ng)

- Acid tactric c tnh hot ng ln nht v acid citric hot ng yu nht trongnhng acid dng sn xut ko.

- Nng ti thiu ca ion hydro to ra ng tl 3,46. Nng ion H+ cngln th khnng to gel cng cao. Nhng nu cao qu sgy kt tinh glucose v ha gelnhanh gy vn cc. Mc to gel chtng n mt gii hn no ca nng acid ringng li.

- Hm lng ca acid dng to ng khng nhng phthuc vo tnh cht caacid m cn phthuc vo slng v cht lng ca pectin, hm lng ng.

- Hm lng ion hydro cng cao th hm lng pectin dng cng t trong vic tora ng t.


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- Nu pectin c khnng ng tyu th nng ca acid nn tng. Vic tngnng ny li dtng lng ng chuyn ha v lm tng tnh ho nc ca sn phm

- Pectin c cht lng tt th pH thch hp cho mi trng ng tl 33,2.

- Hm lng ng tlnghch vi hm lng acid a vo.e. Ion Ca2+:

Ca2+ngoi vic gip to gel cng vi pectin cn gip trung ha bt lng acid gyra vchua qu cho sn phm.

B. NG DNG CA PECTIN

I. Cc ng dng ca Pectin

Pectin l tc nhn to gel quan trng nht c sdng to ra cu trc gel chothc phm chyu l nhng thc phm c ngun gc trau qu.Khnng to gel ca ncn c ddng nhng thc phm cn sn nh ca nhiu phgia hoc trong sn

phm cui hoc mt cng on tc thi trong quy trnh sn xut

Tc dng to gel ca pectin c sdng chyu nhng loi thc phm cn c hnhdng tht tnhin

Tm tt ng dng ca pectin:

Tnh ch t pectin Kh nng ng dngPhn t pectin di v d vng

vo nhau to dung dch c nht nnpectin c kh nng to c

Pectin c kh nng ci thin c u

trc nc ung c hm lng ngthp.

N u hm lng ng ln

c b sung vo gim hydrateha ca cc phn t pectin, cc phn ts li hnh thnh mng li gel

Mc tri cy c ng cao ph

thuc vo pectin to hnh

V nhm acid y u, s thay i

pH s thay i kh nng tch in ca

chui pectin. Pectin c lin kt vi nhau iu kin acid

C n c ng v acid trong sn

xut mc ng

Nhm acid ca pectin c th

phn ng vi ion Ca2+to lin kt 2nhm COO- hnh thnh gel khngcn ng

LMP c s dng lm mc tri

cy c hm lng ng thp v nhiusn phm ch bin t tri cy.


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Phn t pectin c th lin k t vi

1 pectin tch in (+) nn chng khngb ng li khi gia nhit.

Gip protein sa trong yahourt khng bng t v nhit , c th tit trngUHT

1.ng dng trong sn xut mc tri cy v mt ng

- Vai tr quan trng ca pectin l nhm to ra mt cu trc cho mt ng v mctri cy nhng sn phm ny khi vn chuyn khng thay i cu trc,to ra mi vngon cho sn phm,gim n ti a sphn r

- Qu trnh sn xut mc ng v mc tri cy phi m bo to ra sphn bng u ca cc phn ttrong pha lin tc ngay tkhi qu trnh khuy trn ngngli.Hm lng pectin sdng trong mc v mt ng thng trong khong t0,1-0,4%

- Pectin c khnng to gel nhanh c gi trc bit trong sn xut mc v yucu tt nht khi chng khng btc ng trong sut qu trinh to gel. chnh l l do

pectin to gel chm c sdng vo cc khu ng hp, ng np, dn nhn, xp chngphi c thc hin khi qu trnh to gel din ra.

- Qu trnh to gel ca pectin c thc to ra trong mt quy trnh lnh bng haicch:

+Trn syrup ng pectin (c pH=2,9)c hm lng cht kh ha tan t60-65%,pH=3,8-4,2,vi dch tri cy c c pH=3

+Trn dung dch pectin c pH=2,9 vo lng cht kh ha tan l 25% vi suyrupng thu c hn hp mi c hm lng cht kh 23%


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- LMP (To gel bng lin kt vi ion Ca2+) Thng c ng dng trong mc tricy c hm lung cht kh ha tan


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4. ng dng ca pectin trong cng nghip chbin sa

- Pectin bsung hng vtri cy cho cc sn phm sa chua. Cho pectin vo saln men vi liu lng va , trn u c dung dch ng nht.

- Trong yaourt tri cy, pectin to cu trc mn, gip phn bu cc mu tri cynhtrong sa v n cn lm cho sn phm c bmt nhn bng. Trong cc sn phmnhiu lp, pectin cn c tc dng n nh v gicho tri cy khng btch khiyaourt.Trong yaourt ung, pectin tto v citrus bo vprotein khng bbin tnh trongqu trnh tit trng, ngn chn protein kt ta v skt bng. Pectin gip sn phm nnh v t tnh cht cm quan tt nht, khng gim cht lng ngay ckhi bo qun mtthi gian di.Pectin phn ng vi canxi trong yaourt nhm ci thin cu trc ca yaourt.Trong sn xut sa chua: casein ca sa chua thng bvn cc. Nu cho pectin vo hnhp th casein sa skt ta dng mn lm tng gi trcm quan ca thc phm.

5. ng dng ca pectin trong cng nghip chbin nc gii kht:

Vic sdng pectin trong cc sn phm ung rt ph hp v chng c cacbonhydratetnhin nng lng thp v n nh tnh c ca sn phm.

6. Cc ng dng khc ca pectin trong cng nghthc phm:

Dng pectin hay pectat chto bao b (mng) n c: mng thu c bngcch em nhng sn phm vo dung dch pectin methoxyl thp hay natripectat v sau nhng vo dung dch canxi clorua. i khi ngi ta thm glyxerin vo dung dch pectin

lm do ha. Mng phln phi em sy. Pectin cn c sdng nhiu trong sn xut thc n king cho nhng ngi

mc bnh tiu ng. Loi thc nny thng c hm lng ng rt thp.

II. Cc quy nh trong sdng Pectin

1. mt schtiu trong sdng Pectin

- Pectin l ph giathc phmthuc nhm ph gia to gel, to c.

- Pectin: Tn ting Anh l: Pectins. Ch s quc t INS l 440. M s quc t cuPectin l E440.

- Pectin thng bo qun dng bt mu trng, hi vng nht, hi nu hoc xmnh, m khng qu 12% (105 oC, 2h). Mt khc c th bo qun dng dung dch c kh 10% cha 4-5% pectin, nhng ch bo qun c trong thi gian ngn.
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- Ch s methoxyl (MI): biu hin t l methyl ha, l phn trm khi lng nhmmethoxyl (-OCH3) trn tng khi lng phn t. S methyl ha hon ton tng ng vich s methoxyl bng 16,3%, cn cc pectin tch ra t thc vt thng c ch smethoxyl t 10-12%.

- Ch s ester ha (DE): th hin mc ester ha ca pectin, l phn trm v slng ca cc gc acid galactoronic c esterha trn tng s lng gc acidgalacturonic c trong phn t.

2.Lng pectin sdng trong cc sn phm thc phm:

- ng dng ca pectin trong cc sn phm thc phm:

, kem hn hp, sn xut phomat, thy sn ng hp (10g/kg)

Sa chua thm, sn phm xl nhit sau ln men (10g/kg) Kem sa dit khun (5g/kg)

hp rau quc b, du hay m(10g/kg)

Sa (10g/kg)

ung nh500mg/kg

Sir 2,5g/kg

Mt, mt cam 5g/kg

C thdng ring pectin hay sdng kt hp vi cht nh ha, cht n nh v lm ngc khc.

3.Mt slu khi sdng pectin trong chbin thc phm:

Tiu chun vtinh sch ca pectin sdng trong chbin:

Bng4.: Tiu chun vtinh sch ca pectin sdng trong chbin.

Tiu chun FAO FCC EECCht d bay hi Max,12% Max,12% Max,12%Tro khng tan trongacid

Max,1% Max,1% Max,1%

Sulfur dioxide Max,50mg/kg Max,50mg/kg Max,50mg/kgSodium methyl Max,0,1%


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sulfateMethanol,ethanoland isopropanol

Max,1% Max,1% Max,1%

Hm lng nitrogen Max,2.5% Max,0.5%Galacturonit acid Min,65% Min,65%

Khi dng pectin cn lu :

- Pectin cn c phn tn cn thn c ha tan hon ton, thc tthngdng hai cch sau:

Cho pectin vo nc ri dng my trn.

Trn bt pectin vi 5 ln saccharose ri phn tn hn hp ny trong nc.- Pectin ha tan chm trong nc lnh do dung dch ny nn c nung nng

ln.

- Pectin ha tan hon ton chvi dung dch c phn trm cht kh ho

tan di 25%. Do pectin phi c ho tan trc khi cho ton blng saccharosehay cht kh ho tan khc.

- Nhm c chsmethoxyl thp (LMP): ha tan rt km trong nc cng hay tri

cy giu Canxi nh qum hay qucam. Lng ion vt qu Ca2+ c thto ra dungdich m.

-Thi gian nu di slm mt i bn gel.

- trnh sti c li, sn phm phi c thc hin trn nhit to gel.

-Gel to tpectin amid ho th c tnh thun nghch v nhit. Phthuc vo nngion Ca2+m c thto ra hin tng solgel.

4.Tnh cht vsinh ca sn phma. Tnh c hi i vi ngi sdng:

Pectin l mt phgia thc phm c nhiu ngi chp nhn nht v c chngminh bi hm lng ADI (lng ti a n vo hng ngy) cho php khng xc nhngha l khng quy nh ADI cthcho phgia pectin v :


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- Cc kt qunghin cu vsinh hc,ha hc, c hc cho thy phgia c ctnh khc.

- Tuy lng phgia cho vo thc phm phi p ng yu cu cacng nghsnxut nhng khng gy tc hi n sc khe ngi tiu th.Ngha l phgia pectin khng

c c hi g i vi ngi sdng.

b.i vi cht lng sn phm thc phm:Phgia pectin t bbin i trong qu trnh bo qun do vi sinh vt v y khng phi lmi trng dinh dng thch hp cho cc vi sinh vt pht trin. Nhng trong qu trnh

bo qun cn ch nhit v m trnh hin tng mc pht trin.
http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=130http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=130http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=130http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=117http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=117http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=117http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=117http://www.kilobooks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=130


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III.Quy trnh sn xut mt i

1. Lachn-xl sb


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Chn nhng qu t tiu chun, b i nhng tri h hng nng, ct b, ta bt nhngphn h hng, gt v .

2. Ra

Lm sch nguyn liu, loi b t ct, bi bn, vi sinh vt bm trn b mt tri.

3. Ctnh

Ct nh chun b cho qu trnh ch.

4.Ch

Mc ch: qu trnh ch s phn chia nguyn liu thnh 2 phn: bt ch(pure cha dchqu cng vi tht tri mn) v b ch .

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu: gim khi lng, pure thu c mn c kch thc ngu, cc phn ng ho sinh hot ng ca vi sinh vt, u c tng cng.

5. Phitrn

Dch qu trn vi ng saccharose dng tinh th. Tnh ton lng ng cho vo dchnc qu ng hm lng cht kh l 65%. Sau khi ng tan ht, iu chnh pHv 3 bng dung dch acid citric bo ha.

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu: nguyn liu chnh s c phi trn vi cc nguyn liu

ph khc , do thnh phn hn hp sau khi phi trn s thay i.

6.Gia nhit

qu trnh to gel xy ra, ngoi pH, acid hn hp cn t n mt kh thch hp.Gia nhit n 80oC cho n khi nng cht kh t 67%. V vy sau khi phi trn cnnng cao nng cht kh bng cch gia nhit hn hp. Ngoi ra gia nhit cn gipthanh trng dch qu, v hot c enzym pectinase lm cho sn phm khng b c,trnh s h hng ca sn phm lm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.

Sau khi t n kh mong mun, b sung vo mt lng pectin (1%) to iu kincho qu trnh to gel xy ra.

Pectin c b sung vo hn hp di dng past. Vic chun b pectin c thc hinnh sau: phi trn pectin vi ng mn theo t l 1:1 v pectin, nc theo t l 1:19 sau yn hn hp trong vng mt ting to iu kin cho pectin trng n hon ton.

7. Rt hp


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Mt ng thng c ng trong bao b thy tinh. Khi rt nng, l cn phi ra sch,v trng bng hi nc v rt sn phm ngay trnh nhim bn li. Sau khi rt xong

bao b phi c ghp kn ( ng np) v qu trnh rt nng cn qu trnh bi kh xy ragip ui bt khng kh c trong bao b.

C. NGUN KHAI THC, PHNG PHP SN XUT PECTIN

I. Ngun khai thc Pectin

1. Ngun nguyn liu

Nguyn liu sn xut pectin thng mi chyu l nhng phphm thu ctrong sn xut mt sloi sn phm rau qu, thng l to, vquc mi, v dnh vqu cam, chanh, bi,, hoc b to cn li sau khi sn xut nc to. Cc phphmny c sy kh, bo qun trong thi gian di. Vi 1gram to kh, bc to gel t25-35,

cn vi cng lng vcam, qut th bc to gel t t nht l cao hn 6 ln bc to gelca b to kh.Trong thc t, ngi ta biu thkhnng to gel ca cc loi pectin bngcc chs, hay bc to gel. Ngoi ra, pectin cn c sn xut tcci ng v i hoahng dng. Hin nay, nc ta cng c nhng nghin cu sn xut pectin tlsng sm.

B to l nguyn liu sn xut pectin truyn thng cc nc chu u. Cc vng snxut chyu l Php, c, Bc u, Trung u.

Pectin tquc mi chyu c sn xut cc nc chu Mgm Hoa K,

Brazin, Argentina, Mexico v cc nc vng a Trung Hi.

Gn y, mt ssos loi nghin cu mi nh cci ng v i hoa hng dng btu c quan tm, c biaatj l pectin cci ng do cc tnh cht to gel l.

Hm lng v cu trc ca pectin thay i ty theo ngun nguyn liu. Pectin trongvqucitrus c hm lng v cht lng cao nht.

Bng : Hm lng ca pectin trong mt snguyn liu

Nguyn liu Hm lng ca pectin trong mt snguyn liu(%)

Vquc mi

i hoa hng dng

Cci ng

20-35

15-25

10-20


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B to

L sng sm

10-15

13-15

Sn xut pectin tvtri cy c mi

c chit xut tvcam, chanh, c bit l bi. Vca cc loi tri cy ny lsn phm phca qu trnh p nc qu, v c cha hm lng pectin cao vi nhngtnh cht mong mun.

Sn xut pectin tto

B to, phn thu c tqu trnh p nc to, l nguy liu th chomsanr xutpectin tto. Nhng sn phm ny c mu sc ti hn (mu nu) so vi pectin tcc loitri cy c mi nhng khc vchc nng.


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2. La chn nguyn liu sn xut pectin

m bo chat lng ca nguyn liu sn xut (b to, vquc mi), ngnhsn xut pectin phi la chn kim tra v gim st cc ngun cung cp nguyn liu ttrng trt cho n lc thu hi, xl v bo qun b to hay vquc mi, ng thi

thng xuyn hun luyn cho nh cung cp nguyn liu.

Trc khi nhp, b to hay vquc mi phi c kim tra k. i vi vqucmi, cc iu kin xk trc khi xk trc c quy nh rt nghim ngt. Khngc xl vquc mi bng canxihydroxyde hoc bng enzyme. Vic xl vi ha slm thy phn hon ton pectin thnh acid pectic. Cn xl bng enzyme ddng tchvslm gim khi lng phn tpectin.

II. Phng php sn xut Pectin

1. Sn xut trong cng nghip

Pectin l mt sn phm Carbohydrat c thu nhn t dch chit ca nhng nguynliu thc phm, thng l to hay qu c mi. Phn ln cc quc gia xem Pectin l phgia qu v khng c hi, c b sung vo trong quy trnh sn xut theo tng quy trnhcng ngh.


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a.S quy trnh cng ngh.

b.Thuyt minh quy trnh

1.Nguyn liu, ra

2.ay nh

Nguyn liu c cho qua my nghin th

xay nh

u cu v k thut: nguyn liu cng nhcng d thy phn


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Hnh nh vmy nghin

3.Thy phn

Dung dch sau khi xay nh c em i thy phn bng dung dch acid citric khan nhit 90-95 0C trong 45 pht.

Khi dung dch c lhoo 2% (hm lng Pectin khong 0.7-1%) th kt thc qu trnhthy phn.

Nu trong qu trnh chit, ta dng nc th ch chit c mt lng gii hn Pectin

4.Lc, c c

Sau mt thi gian chit Pectin, cht rn cn li s c tch ra v dung dch clc, c c bng cch loi nc. Cht rn c th tch ra bng thit b lc, thit b ly tm,Dung dch sau c lc li ln na nu cn thit.

Dung dch sau khi c c n kh 10%. Hn hp ny c ch trn my ch c lry kch thc 1-2mm, ta c ch phm c cha 4-5% Pectin. Ch phm ny s dngngay, khng qu 2 gi. Bo qun dng dung dch.

5.Kt ta, ra sch, sy kh

Hoc l ngay lp tc, hoc l sau mt khang thi gian Pectin bin tinh, cht lngc c s c trn vi cconf kt ta Pectin. Pectin c th c deeste ha phn no giai on ny

Cht lng c tch ra khi cn loi b cc tp cht v sy kh. Cn c dng cth cha cc mui hoc kim bin i Pectin thnh mui mt phn (Na+,K+.Ca+,NH4+).Cn c thu nhn li kt ta thm Pectin.

Trc khi hay sau khi sy, Pectin c th x l vi NH3 sn xut Pectin amin ha

Ch phm ny sau khi sy c th em i nghin mn li.


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6. Bo qun

Ch bo qun bnh thng:

Nhit khng qu 30oC

m khng kh 85%

Bo qun bng bao PE, PP, l thy tinh khng ht m

Thi gian bo qun 6-7 thng

2. Sn xut ti nh ch bin t biTrong gia inh sau khi n xong bi , ta c th tn dng ngun Pectin quanh v bi,ht

bi.


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Cch lm: ht bi chn b ht ht lp. Nu lng ht nhiu th ch dung khong 20ht ( ch nc Pectin dng trong mt ngy). S cn li em phi hoc sy kh, ngtrong ti PE kh sch (l thy tinh kh sch) dng dn. Ch trnh m v d mc.

Cho ht bi vo cc rt nc si (nng khong 70-80 0C) ngp ht, dng da nhiurng nh lin tc chng 5-6 pht ri gn ht nc nhy vo mt cc ring. Tip tclm nh vy cho n khi ht nhy (s vo v ht thy ht nhy).

Ty theo tng ging bi, qu bi c nhiu Pectin th phi nh ht vi nc 5-6 lnmi ht nhy, cn qu t th ch cn 3 ln l c.

III. Tc dng ca Pectin.- Ko di thi gian tiu ha thc n trong rut, tng hp thu dng cht trong thc n

- Gim bo: do to cm gic no bng ko di, gim nng lng n vo, do gip gimcn ngi bo ph- Gim hp thu lipid- Khng chtng ng p ngi c bnh tiu ng- Chng to bn- Nhng ngi c nguy c nhim Hg (i vng, ni dng thuc nhum g, giy ) nnn thc vt c cha nhiu pectin. Do pectin trong thc vt skt hp vi Hg, lm gimnng Hg trong mu gip bi trHg.- Pectin c coi l cht khng c tiu ha khi chng ta n to, nhng khi n rut gith 90% pectin c enzym ca vi khun phn hy thnh acid formic, acid acetic, acid

propionic, butyric, cacbonic-Ngy nay ngi ta cn lu nhiu vcht pectin nh mt cht x thc phm, nhm lmgim bt trm trng tc ng glucoz huyt do n ung ngi i tho ng. Qutohay bi cha nhiu pectin slm chm svn chuyn thc n qua ddy, rut dn niu ny c li cho nhng ngi n king chng mp.


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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. C svi sinh cng nghip-Nguyn c Lng-NB i Hc Quc Gia TPHCM

2. Kthut sn xut hp, rau qu-Nguyn Vn Tip,Quch nh,Ng MVn-NXBThanh nin

3. Ha sinh cng nghip-L Ngc T-NXB Khoa hc v kthut H Ni

4. Tn dng phphm trong cng nghip-MTenhicop-NXB Khoa hoc v kthut

5. Gio trnh phgia thc phm-m Sao Mai,Nguyn ThHong Yn,Bi ng Khu-NB i Hc Quc Gia TPHCM


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LI CM Nhon thnh bi tiu lun ny chng em xin chn thnh cm n Ban Gim Hiu

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thnh PhHCh Minh to iu kin cho chng em

c hc tp v lm vic theo nhm chng em c thtrao i kinh nghim v truyn

t kin thc cho nhau, gip chng em c thm v nm vng nhiu kin thc trong cc

mn hc.Chng em cng xin cm n thy L VN NHT HOI tn ty dy chng

em, trang bnhiu kin thc gip chng em hiu r v c thtip thu tt trong mn hc

ny.Trong qu trnh lm bi, cn nhiu chsai st v cha y mong thy v cc bn

thng cm.


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MC LC

LI MU ............................................................................................................................................... 3A. TNG QUAN VPECTIN ..................................................................................................................... 4

I. Khi nim, nh ngha Pectin................................................................................................................. 4

II. Cu to.................................................................................................................................................. 4

III. Phn loi Pectin ................................................................................................................................... 5

B. NG DNG CA PECTIN .................................................................................................................. 10

I. Cc ng dng ca Pectin ..................................................................................................................... 10

1.ng dng trong sn xut mc tri cy v mt ng........................................................................ 11

2. ng dng ca pectin trong cng nghsn xut bnh nng:......................................................... 12

3. ng dng ca pectin trong ngnh cng nghip bnh ko:.............................................................. 12

4. ng dng ca pectin trong cng nghip chbin sa .................................................................... 13

5. ng dng ca pectin trong cng nghip chbin nc gii kht:.................................................. 13

6. Cc ng dng khc ca pectin trong cng nghthc phm:........................................................... 13

II. Cc quy nh trong sdng Pectin .................................................................................................... 13

1. mt schtiu trong sdng Pectin ............................................................................................... 13

2.Lng pectin sdng trong cc sn phm thc phm:.................................................................... 14

3.Mt slu khi sdng pectin trong chbin thc phm:............................................................ 14

4.Tnh cht vsinh ca sn phm ....................................................................................................... 15

III.Quy trnh sn xut mt i .................................................................................................................. 17

C. NGUN KHAI THC, PHNG PHP SN XUT PECTIN......................................................... 19

I. Ngun khai thc Pectin ........................................................................................................................ 19

1. Ngun nguyn liu .......................................................................................................................... 19

2. La chn nguyn liu sn xut pectin............................................................................................. 21

II. Phng php sn xut Pectin ............................................................................................................. 21

1. Sn xut trong cng nghip ............................................................................................................ 21

2. Sn xut ti nh (ch bin t bi) ................................................................................................. 24

III. Tc dng ca Pectin. ......................................................................................................................... 25

TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................................................................... 26


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