NghiSnc^ quoc ti si I^^m

CHlNH SACH BOI NGOAI TRONG VAN MEN D^I H©I X B I CUA DANG CQNG SANYIPTNAIM |

G. M. Lakshim Le Thanh VfM

Tom tit

Dai hdi Idn thi, XII Bang Cpng sdn (DCS) Viet Nam duac td chiic tai Ha Not tir ngdy 21-28/1/2016 Id mdt mdc lich su quan trpng tren con dudng 30 nam ddi mdi todn dien vd ddng bp cda Viet Nam. duac bat dau til nghi quyit mang tinh dot pha cua Bai hdi Bdng idn thir VI nam 1986. Dua tren kit qua cua Bai hpi MI DCS Viet Nam, cd thi nhan thiy rang quan diem chinh sdch ddi ngoai ciia nude Cong hoa Xd hdi Chu nghia (XHCN) Viet Nam khdng he thay ddi do Id: da phucmg hda vd da dang hda quan he ddi ngoai: Viet Nam muon Id ban vd ddi tdc tin c4y ciia tdt cd cdc nude. Id thanh vien co trdch nhiem trong cdng ddng quoc te vi hda binh. hiru nghi, hpp tdc vd phat trien. Bdi viet nay co gang diem qua nhOng net chinh trong chii truang dudng ldi vd chinh sdch dii ngoai cua Viet Nam do Bai hot XII cim BCS Viet Nam de ra.

Tir kh6a: Dai hpi XH, DCS Viet Nam, dii mdi, da phuong hoa,

Biln Dong, tianh chip lanh thd, khdng lien kit.

• TS. Chuyen vien cao cip Vi n Viln Dong, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc Lien bang Nga. " NgliiCn ciiu vien chinh, nguyen Tham tan Dji sii quan Viet Nam t»i Lien bang Nga.

30

Nghien ciku quoc tS sd 2 (105)

Bai hgi XII DCS Vift Nam \h su kifn quan trpng trong ddi s6ng chinh tri - xa hdi cua Vi t Nam

Dai hpi 15n thii XII cua DCS Viet Nam dugc to chuc tgi Ha Npi tir ngay 21-28/1/2016 la mpt moc lich su quan trpng tren con dudng 30 nam ddi mdi toan di?n va ddng bp cua Viet Nam dugc bat dau tu nghi quyet mang tinh dot pha cua Dai hgi Dang \hi thu VI nam 1986. Dai hgi XH da diu hut su chu y eiia nhieu chinh khach, dang phai, cae hpc gia va gidi bao chi, cung nhu du luan xa hgi tir nhiiu nude khac nhau vdi nhihig ly do sau:

Thie nhdt, day la noi ve chinh sach va eon dudng phdt trien cua Viet Nam, ma trong thdi gian vda qua da trd thanh mpt nude chau A phat trien nang dpng, mgt thanh vien dang kinh trgng ciia cgng dong the gidi, d6ng vai tro ngay cang quan trgng d Dong Nam A ndi riSng va d chau A - Thai Binh Duong ndi chung.

Thu hai, trong ban lanh dao Dang va dat nude co nhung thay doi to Idn va diln ra mgt each hoa binh, dugc can nhic ky luang va c6 nguyen tac, ma diiu dang chu y la nhung thay doi do xua nay chua tung cd khdng chi ddi vdi DCS Viet Nam ma d6i vdi b4t ky dang phai chinh tri nao ndi chimg. Dd la, vdi tuyet dai da so phieu Dai hgi da quyet dinh bau them mgt nhiem ky niia dii vdi T6ng bi thu Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cdng san (BCH TW DCS) Vigt Nam NguySn Phii Trpng. Di6u nay noi len su tin cay to Idn cua Dang doi vdi ea nhan va phong each lanh dao tap thi cua dng, ddng thdi cung the hi?n mong mudn duy tri tinh kl thda va tinh hen tuc trong viec thuc hien dudng ldi chinh tri ma DCS Viet Nam da lua chpn sau nhiing nam doi mdi va md cua.

Dilu cd y nghia dac biet ddi vdi tuong lai cua dat nude la Dai hpi da thdng qua phuong c h ^ tiep can toan di?n va dong bg ddi vdi su nghiSp ddi mdi va hi?n dai h6a dat nude. Phuang cham nay hudng tdi

31

Ngltien ciru quoc te so z ilV3}

viec hoan thien the chi va pliat diln "kinli tl thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia" ma theo each hieu cua ban lanh dao Viet Nam thi cd nghia la xay dung mot nude Viet Nam "dan giau, nuoc manh, dan chu, cong bing van mmh" ' Nhimg dilu nay lai doi hoi phai cd nhung thay doi toan dien va sau sic trong phuong phap quan ly nha nude, tich cue hgi nhap vao cong ddng qudc te

Bdi canh quic tl dien ra Dai hpi XH cua Dang Dai hot XII da danh su quan tam to Idn din vi thi qudc tl va chinh

sach ddi ngoai cua dit nude. Bao cao chinh tri cua BCH TW DCS Viet Nam duoc bit diu vdi nhung danh gia nguyen tie ve thdi dai, trong do Dang la ddng luc chinh cua cdng cudc hien dai hda d Viet Nam. Va trong dmh nghia truyln thdng vl thdi dai nay, co thi thiy quan diem hoan toan sang tao cua ban lanh dao DCS Viet Nam la da td bd mot sd luan die m giao dilu da 111 thdi, Xuit phat tu cac danh gia dugc due ket td thuc tien, DCS Viet Nam chi ra ring chung ta dang sdng trong thdi dai cua nhiing biln chuyin phdc tap tren thi gidi, nhung xu thi chu dao cua su phat tnln quan he qudc tl van la nguyen vong cua eac dan toe dau tranh cho ddc lap dan tdc, dan chu, hop tac va phat trien.

Danh gia khach quan tinh hinh qudc tl ma Dang da hoat dgng trong nhiem ky (2011-2015) va hoan canh ma Dang se phai doi mat, Ban chap hanh Trung uong DCS Viet Nam da dac biet luu y den viec he thing qudc tl hinh thanh vao cuoi thi ky trudc, trong do cac luc lugng ma dai dien la My ddng vai trd trung tam chu dao, ap dat luat choi cho tat ca nhung thanh vien khac, da hi thay thi bdi trat tu thi gidi hoan toin mdt - da cue, ma ndi chinh xac hon la da cue va da dung tam Trong do tuy My van con duy tri cho minh vi thi quan trong, va tien khia canh nao

I Bao cao chinh tn cua Ban Chap hanh Tmng uong Dang khoa XI tai Dai hoi dai bieu

toan qu6c lin thii XII cua Dang, 2/2016. tr 3 (bin TicngViet),

32

Nghien ciru quoc ti so 2 (105)

do la chu dao, nhung khdng cdn cd uu the rd rang nhu hg da timg cd trgng sudt iihiing nam 90 cua thg ky XX.

Dieu cd y ngtiia quan tigng hang dau ddi vdi Vigt Nam la tinh hinh Ddng A va dac bigt la d khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Trat tu hinh thanh tai dSy sau cugc gap go giiia Tdng thdng My R. Nixon va Chd tjch Mao Trach Ddng tai Bic Kinh nam 1972 d\ia tren hai dilm tvra: hda hoan Trung -My va hg thdng lign minh quan su hai cue ma My lap ra tu dau nhung nam 50 cua thi ky trudc. Trat tu nay cd nhigu digm ygu. Thit nhdt, nd dugc dua tign Igi ich chung chdng lai Lien bang Xd-vigt cii. Khi Lign Xd vda mdi tan ra, thi quan he Trung - My cung niy sinh vin dl. Trung Qudc khdng cdn la ddi tac chiln luge cua My nua, ma tid thanh "ke xa la" vl he tu tudng va thi vao chd cita Lign Xd, Trung Qudc ttd thanh "con ngao dp" dl My diing va bign minh cho su cd mat quan su cua minh d khu v\re va su tdn tai cac lign minh quan su song phuang. Thu hai, toan bd hg thdng lien minh quan su cua My d phin phia tay Thai Bmh Duong diu nhim kiim ehl Trung Qudc, budc nude nay phai d tai vi thg khi hg thdng quan hg qudc tl hinh thanh vao nhimg nam 50 cua fhl ky XX. Thir ba, Trung Qudc ttong mdt thdi gian dai vin chi la cudng qudc luc dia, cdn My mai mai la cudng qudc biln hiing manh nhat. Va mdt khi Trung Qudc tim each tap trung nd luc dl tid thanh cudng qudc biln - luc dia, thi vigc tranh ne xung dot Igi ich vdi My ciing nhu vdi cac quic gia ven bign tiong khu vuc la dilu khd khan. Cdn ddi vdi Vigt Nam, tit ca nhung tinh Mnh nhu da ngu tign cd nghia la thih hinh qudc tl tiigm phuc tap de tham vpng lanh till cua Trung Qudc ngay cang gay git va quylt doan d Bign Ddng.

Chinb sich d6i ngoai da phmmg hda va da djng hoa cua Viet

Nam

Bdo cao chinh tii cua Ban chip hanh Trung uong DCS Vigt Nam nhan dinh ring heat dgng chmh tti ddi nggai cua Vigt Nam dugc tiign

33

Nghien ciru quoc te sd 2 (lOSj

khai trong tinh hinh phuc tap nhu tren trong suit 5 nam qua la " tich ciic va gop phin to Idn vao viec bao dam dilu kien hda binh, thuan Igi cho phat diln dit nude". Thuc hien cac muc tieu do Dai hoi XI DCS Viet Nam dl ra, nganh ngoai giao Viet Nam da tiln hanh thanh cdng hoal dong doi ngoai da phuang hoa vd da dang hoa tren tdt cd cac kenh quan he song phuang vd da phuong Chinh sach ddi ngoai c6 trach nhiem, thuc tl va dugc can nhic ky luang cua Viet Nam da gdp phan quan trpng vao viec gin giu hda binh va In dinh trong khu vuc, ddng thdi dat muc tieu phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi dit nude va bao ve chu quyen d Bien Dong.

Dilu nay da duoc trinh bay can ke trong bai phat bieu ciia Pho Thu tttdng, Bg trudng Ngoai giao Pham Binh Minh tai hdi nghi Bd Chinh tri BCH TW DCS Viet Nam.' Ong neu cu thi nhiing nhan to sau: (i) Thi du diln hinh va tich cue nhit cua chinh sach nay la viec giai quyet thanl cdng cudc khung hoang gay git vao mua he nam 2014 do Trung Quoc dua dan khoan HD-981 vao vung dac quyln kinh tl va them luc dia ciia Viet Nam trong khu vuc quin dao Hoang Sa; (ii) Viet Nam trong thoi gian qua da thuc hien viec thilt lap quan he ddi tae chien luge va dot tac toan dign vdt hiu hit eac nude co anh hudng Idn dong khu vuc va tren thi gidi; (hi) Dit nude Viet Nam da tiln xa den con dudng hdi nhap vao nln kmh tl thi gidi va khu vuc.' Nam 2015 Viet Nam la qudc gia dau tign ma Lien minh kmh tl A - Au ky Hiep dmh vl khu vue tu do thuong mai, Trong qua trinh lien kit kinh tl d khu vuc chau A - Thai Bini

2 Http;//Tjongoaigiao vn, 20/01/2016

- Theo s6 lieu thang 9/2014, v6n diu tu true tigp nuoc ngoai (FDD luy ke dau tu vao

Viet Nam da len tm 241 ty USD, Nam 2016 (FDI) du bin tang dang ke sau khi dit

nuoc thuc hien diy dii moi cam ket v^ xoa bo tliu8 quan trong thuong mai hang hoa voi

cac nuoc ASEAN va do bo moi rao can va han chd phi thug quan Hien nay nhiing nha

diu tu chii ygu vac Viet Nam la dgn tit Nhat Ban, Han Qu6c va Xhili-ga-po (The

Nation, Bangkok/March 16, 20LS)

34

Nghien cim qudc te sd 2 (105)

Duong, vio thang 10/2015 Vigt Nam da cung vdi 11 nude khac hoto tit dam phan Higp dinh Ddi tae xuygn Thai Binh Duong (TPP). Cung vdi c4c nude ASEAN, Vigt Nam tilp t\ic dam phan vdi 6 doi tac ttong Hdi nghi cap cae Ddng A vl thinh lip Dii tac Kinh tl Khu vuc Toin dign (RCEP). Vao thdi dilm tuyen bd thanh lap Cgng ddng Kinh tg ASEAN ngay 31/12/2015, Vigt Nam da thuc Men 95,5% cam kit cua minh ve tu dg hda, ddng thu hai sau Xinh-ga-po vg chi tigu nay;* (iv) Hdi nhap vdi cdng d6ng thg gidi ttong ITnh vuc van hda va xa hdi cho phep the hign tinh hap din cda dat nude, nang cao rd ret uy tin qudc tl cita minh; (v) Trong nhiing nam qua, Vigt Nam dugc cu vao vi tii lanh dao cda nhigu td chdc qudc tl. Ching ban, Dai dign Vigt Nam dugc biu lam Tdng thu ky ASEAN nhigm ky 2013-2017; Vigt Nam dugc biu vdi da sd philu ap dag vao Hdi ddng Nhan quygn cua Lign Hgp Qudc nhigm ky 2014-2016, Uy ban Kinh tl - Xa hdi Lien Hgp Qudc (ECOCOS) nhigm ky 2016-2018, va Uy ban Di san till gidi eua UNESCO nhiem ky 2013-2017.

Quan he ddi Idc chiin lupc todn dien vdi Trung Quoc

Quan hg vdi Trung Qudc da tid thanh tnmg tam cda cac cudc thao luan trudc Dai hdi XII eiia DCS Vigt Nam vd cda du luan xa hdi, dac bigt la sau cugc khung hgang mtia he nam 2014. Vigt Nam ludn eoi Trung Qudc la nude ling gilng vi la mdt ttong nhiing ddi tac quan ttgng nhat. Nam 2015 hai bgn da long ttgng ky niem 65 nam Ngiy thilt lap quan hg ngoai giao. Bit chip nhung bit ddng xiy ra, Viet Nam ludn coi su phit tiiln quan hg ddi tic chiln luge toan dien vdi Trung Qudc Ii mdt ttong nhOng cdng viec quan ttgng nhit cda minh, ludn khing dinh lap trudng cua mdt qudc gia xa hgi chd nghia, la dilu phu hgp vdi loi ich cua Trung Qudc.

* Http://bongoaigiao.vn, 20/01/2016.

35

Nghien ciru qudc te so / fiwjj

Viet Nam chu truong tim moi each dtiy tri quan he hat hda, on djnli va cung cd Igi vdi Trung Qudc, Nhung thuc tl cho thiy trong quan hi song phuang Viet - Trung van cdn tin tai nhilu yeu td tieu cue Tmoc tien la vin de bien gidi lanh thd do hch su dl lai, trong dd chu yeu nhal vin la cac hanh dgng cua Trung Qudc vi pham luat phap qudc te va cliii quyln cua Viet Nam d Biln Ddng, ngay cang diy quan he giua hai nuoc vao tinli trang cang thing, Dilu dd cd the din tdi nhung hau qua khon ludng khdng chi doi vdi quan he hai nude, ma cdn bien toan bd khu vuc tro thanli mdt "diem nong" nua tren hanh tinh.

Cudc viing tham cua Chu tich nude CHND Trung Hoa Tap Can Binh din Ha Ndi thing 11/2015 da khdng dem din su "qua tai" hong quan he nhu ngudi ta du doan. Phat bilu tai (Judc hot nude CHXHCH" Viet Nam, nha lanh dao Trung Qudc khdng hi tra ldi cau hdi nao hiei dang lim sdi ddng toin xa hdi Viet Nam Hon thi, ngay tiiidc them Dai hdi, va ngay sau dd phia Trung Quoc da theo dudi mot loat hanh doug nhim quan su hda nhung hdn dio d Biln Ddng. cang lam phdc tap them tinh hinh.

Viet Nam - My: ddi tac nhung co dieu kien

Trong quan he qudc tl cic qudc gia khdng co ke thu vinh vien ciing nhu ban be vinh viln. Nam 2015 hai nude Viet Nam va My da ky mem 20 nam Ngiy tai thilt lap quan he ngoai giao, Trong 2 thap ky qua, My da dd thinh mdt trong nhung ddi tac kmh tl chu yeu cua Viet Nam, Toog khdi lugng thuong mai hat chilu nam 2014 dat 36.6 ty USD, nam 201; dat 40 ty USD. 0 day phin thang du cua Viet Nam len den 8-9 ty USD hang nam,'' Vl diu tu, My dimg d vi tri thu 7. Tinh den thing 6/201;

^ Xem chi tigt hem ttong G, M Lokshm."'Bign Dong, nhimg hon dao ttanh chap"". Tap

chiA-Phmgaynm (ningt^ga).509.2015.ty2-ii ^ Lokshin G M-. ""Vigt Nam - Hoa Ky, doi tac c6 digu kien". Tap chi Cac vdn de Vien

Dong, (tigng Nga) s6 2, 2014, It 40,

36

NghiSn cim qudc tSso2 (105)

khoang 10,7 ty USD da dugc dliu tu v^o 720 cong trinh du an kh^ nhau dang hoat ddng. Lgi ich kinh doanh eiia My d Vi§t Nam dang tang len, va nhu dai sii My tai ViSt Nam T. Ossis myen b6, sau khi Hi$p dinh v§ Ddi tac xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP) co hieu luc, Hoa Ky mong mudn diing hang dSu ve dau tu tai Viet Nam.'

ChuySn tham chinh thiie My cua Chii tjch nude Truong Tan Sang thang 6/2013 cd y nghia to Idn, khi hai b&i mang cdp qiian h? len thanh quan he "ddi tae toan dien". Trong ban Tuyen bd chung hai b ^ cam ket xSy dung mdi quan he tren co sd tdn trpng chu quySn va su lu^ chpn con dudng phat trien ciia rieng mdi nude. Ddi vdi kinh doanh, su on dinh chinh tri la quan trpng hon ca, day la dieu Viet Nam cd uu the hon so vdi nhiSu nude iMig gi8ng d Ddng Nam A. Chuyen vieng tham chinh thiie cua Tdng bi thu Ban ch4p hanh Trung uong DCS Viet Nam Nguyin Phu Trpng d§n My thang 7/2015 theo ldi mdi cua tdng th6ng My la minh chung ro ret viec My cdng nhan tren thue te vai tro lanh d^o eua DCS tai dat nude Vi$t Nam. V6 phSn minh, Tdng th6ng My B. Obama hua se den tham chinh thiie Viet Nam vao nam 2016.

M^u thuSn giiia My va Trung Qu6c tang len d chiing mue nao do 6z tgo kha nang cho Viet Nam xay dung m6i quan he eo lpi cho minh vdi My cung vdi cac hen minh va ddi tac cua My, dac biet vdi nhung nude bing each nay hay each khac cung chia se quan diSm chung \h m6i de dpa tii phia Trung Quoc va san sang h6 trp Viet Nam nhan danh loi ich ciia minh. Dd 1 Nhat Ban, Han Qu6c, An Dp v^ 0-xtray-li-a.

Khong liStt kh-swbfu chgn chiin lu&c cua Vi^t Nam

Trong di^u kien nhu vay, mdt van d ngay eang Idn da dupe dat ra, dd la liSu Viet Nam cd cin phai can du vao th6 d6i diu nay, ma thuc ra la

' "Hoa Ky mu6n la nha dSu fii Ion nhat cOa Viet Nam", BBC tieng Vi0t, ngiy 26/01/2015.

37

Nghiln dm qude (8 SS ^ | H

wtk lilu minh trd thinh "vit hy smh" dong cupc ganh dua giiia nhinig-aM khdng Id hay khdng? Viet Nam buQc phii td ra cue kl mem ddc v i ^ ^ l trong dl trinh biln thinh "ddng tiln le" hay "coii tdt den" trdn ban odfl j - chmh di cua cac nude Idn dong khu vuc. Mudn viy, ban lanh ^mk nude phii ed quan dilm sing tao, nhiing quylt djnh tao b»o, kh6ng.g™ cung nhic nhung cd suy nghi than dpng, sau xa. ^k

Dai hdi chdng td mdt each thuylt phvc sir sang sudt va tinh t ^ teich nhiem cda ban lanh dao va toin bd nhung luc lupng linh n d | teong DCS Viet Nam da tung nhilu nam lam tit ca nhttng gi teong I f l nang cd thi dl dilu chinh van dl Biln Ddng bing con dudng ngo?i g i ^ hda bmh, cd ging khdng dl xiy ra tham hpa chien teanh. •

Ban lanh dao DCS Vi$t Nam hi lau da rut ra kit luan ring viec tim kiim lien minh ddi diu vdi Trung Qudc hoin toin khdng phii la lua cho( tdt nhit ddi vdi Viet Nam. D I tim kiim mdt giai phap lau dii va tin cj | mi cae bdn chip nhin dupe cho vin dl Biln Ddng, chinh sich ddi ngg^ cua dit nude phii giai quylt hai nhiem vu rit quan tepng sau diy: .i|

Mpt la. cin tim kiim, phat hi?n vi duy tei sv cdn bdng lai ich giia cdc nu&c lan tai khu vjrc. Viec niy ddi hdi phai tdn tepng lpi ich cua cac cudng qudc Idn, kl ca lpi ich an nmh cua Trung Qudc; khdng de ViK Nam ted thinh ke thu eua Trung Quoc. Dilu dd khdng cho phep b i ^ Viet Nam thinh bin d^p cho mdt nude khac nao dd thuc hien chien luoS "bao viy" vi de doa Trung Qudc. Nhung mat khic, dilu do ciing ddi h6i phai tdn tepng vi (atfc hidn nhttng lpi ich cda Hoa Ky va cac cudng quoc khic lien quan din tu do hing hai, hpp tic ttong khai thae tii nguySn day biln vi chdng lai nhttng nguy co phi truyen thong de dpa an ninh, v khdng phi biln vu khi huy diet hang loat. Mdt chinh sich nhu vay doi hdi phii cd su hpp tic tich cue giua tat ca cic nude lien quan, vi hda btak va In dinh, eung vdi cic nude ASEAN kien tri, nhin nai tim kiim nhtti^' phuang phip kiim ehl tranh chip xung dot d Biln Ddng vi tiep tue dfii

38 J

NghiSn cmi quoc te so 2 (105)

thoai vdi Trung Qudc nhim di dSn mot giai phap bin vung lau dai cho tranh chap tren bien. Qua trinh nay bao gdm ca vi?e tim kiem, tuy het siic khd khan va mat thdi gian, mpt su can bang lpi ich eiia tat ca eac nude trong khu vuc. O day khong eon eon dudng nao khac. Va Dai hpi XII DCS Viet Nam da khang dinh dut khoat dieu nay.

Hai la, tiep tue hpi nhap vao nen kinh te the gidi va c6ng dong qudc te, eung cd vi the qudc te cua dat nude, ciing nhu tang cudng su quan tam cua cac nude Idn doi vdi Viet Nam, ddng thdi tranh bi phu thuoc viio bat ky nude nao. Doi vdi Viet Nam, hdi nhap co nghia la bien minh thanh mdt trong nhiing mat xich quan trpng khong the thieu trong he thdng kinh te va ehinh tri the gidi.

Trien vgng quan he v&iNga

Viec thuc hien thanh cong nghi quyet ciia Dai hpi XII DCS Vi6t Nam se md ra triln vpng mdi cho qua trinh hpp tac va tac ddng qua lai cd hieu qua giua Nga va Viet Nam. Co sd cua qua trinh nay la Tuyen bd ve d6i tac chien lupc giiia Lien bang Nga va CHXHCN Viet Nam nam 2001 va dupe nang len cip dp mdi: d6i tae chien lupc todn dien^ vao nam 2012.

Tinh hiiu nghi vT dai truydn th6ng Nga - Viet da nhieu \kn dupe thu Ihach, tdi luyen, ddng thdi su hpp tae giua hai qu6c gia la nhan to het siic quan ttpng cua hda binh va dn dinh d khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong. Giiia Viet Nam va Lien bang Nga da xay dung dupe mdt he thdng tiip xue va ddi thoai d nhiku cip dp khae nhau, tao co sd phap ly vimg chac cho hpp t^c chinh tri, kinh td, ky thu^t - quan su, khoa hpc -ky fliuat, v ^ hda, giao due v.v... Mtic do hpp tac kinh te, theo danh gia cua ca hai bSn, vin cdn each xa so vdi ti&n nang ciia hai nude. Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nay bao gdm ca nhiing sai lim, thieu sot trong qua

* www.kremlm.ni, 08/07/2012.

39

Nghien ciru quoc te sd 2 fiui)

khd, cung nhu nhung su kien tieu cue niy smh gin diy tren trudng quoc

tl . Dilu nay thi hien d chd mdc dao doi thuang mai song phuang nam

2015 khdng dat ndi 4 ty USD thay vi 7 ty USD nhu du kiln. Tuy nhien,

hai ben vin dat muc tieu din nam 2020 phai ning trao ddt thuang mai

song phuang len miic 10 ty USD ' Mac diu vay. Lien bang Nga van nam

trong top 10 nude chau Au la ddi tac thuang mai hang dau cua Viet Nam,

Nghi quylt Dai hdi XII cua DCS Viet Nam da tao ra co hdi tayet vdi cho

viec thuc hien thanli cdng nhung du an Idn trong cac linh vuc hop tac

then chit, nliu nang luong hat nhan, tham dd va kliai thae diu khi, hop

tic ngan hing va ky thuat - quan su ..

Pho Thu dtdng Chinh phu, Bd trudng Ngoai giao Viet Nam Ph?m

Binh Minh trong cudc tra Idi phdng van cua ITAR-TACC trudc them

nam mdi 2016 da ndi ring Viet Nam ung ho viec Nga hep me cung co

vat dd la cudng qudc Idn cua thi gidi, gdp phin quan ttpng vao viec duy

tri hda binh. In dmh, an ninh va bao dam phit uien trong khu vitc v i tren

the gidi.

Vl phin minh, Nga vdi tu each la ddi tic chiln luoc ddng thdi voi

c i Viet Nam va Trung Qudc, se khdng ean thiep vio nhung VT,I tranli chap

lanh thd, va se lam tat c i nhung gi cd thi d l tim ra mot giii phip chinh

tri hda binh cho vin dl tranh chip d Biln Ddng va binli thudng hda quan

he giua hai nude ban be.

Y tudng do gidi ngoai giao Nga dua ra tu nam 2010 ve viee xay

dung "ngdi nha chung Thai Binh Duang", da bi lang quen. nhung nd van

cdn mang tinh that su va cin phai ldi cudn su chu y eua ddng dio du lujn

cic nude chiu A - Thii Binh Duong. D l thuc hien duoc dilu niy, can

phai cd su no luc nghiem hie cua tit ca cac qudc gia lien quan, ci bang

'Http/Zvestifinanceru. 2016/02/12. 15 15

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Nghien cuu quoc te sd 2 (105)

eon dudng ngo^ giao chinh thiic lin ngoai giao ciia cac hpc gi^ (dupe gpi la "kenh hai").

Sang su6t v^ tr^ch nhifm la di u d^m bao cho hoa binh va hn dinh

Dai hpi XH DCS Vi6t Nam cho thiy su sang su6t va trach nhi$m cua ban lanh dao DCS Viet Nam, da thuc hien mpi bien phap c6 thS de d t dupe giai phap cho van de Bien Ddng bSng cae bien phap ngoai giao hda binh va lam tat ca nhiing gi eo the de bao ve chu quyen, nhung khdng de xay ra tham hpa chien tranh trdn manh dat Viet Nam tung chiu nhieu dau thuong, mat mat. Pho trudng ban tuyen giao BCH TW DCS Viet Nam Nguyen The Ky da khang dinh l p trudng nay trong cupc hpp bao vao ngay khai mac Dai hpi (20/01/2(n6): "Can phai dat dupe su diau hilu trong Dang va trong nhan dan rang giai quyet van de nay la cue ky Mid khan. Chung ta khdng thS liic nao ciing chi phan doi, dau rang phan ddi cung rit cin thidt. Cung khdng dupe cd nhirng hanh dpng tu phat va IhiSu kiSm soat. Cupc diu tranh nay phai dupe tien hanh bang biSn phap ngoai giao, hda binh va tren eo sd tdn trpng lu^t phap qude te. Chiing ta da lam tdt dieu do trong nhiing nam qua,' va se cdn lam tot hon. Dong thdi, chung ta phai gianh dupe su ling ho mwh me cua du luan trong khu vue va tren thi gidi, dac biet tang cudng tinh doan ket trong khoi ASEAN dl thuc thi chinh sach ddi ngoai khon ngoan, tao ap luc len nhiing c^ nhan va qu6c gia dang vi pham nhung chuin muc cua luat phap qu6c tl dl budc hp phai thay d6i ehinh sach ciia minh". **

Nhu vay la dua tr8n kit qua cua Dai hpi XII DCS Viet Nam da co diy du CO sd dl nhgn thay ring quan diem chinh sach ddi ngoai cua CHXHCN Viet Nam khong hi thay ddi, do la: (i) da phuang hda va da ^ g hda quan he ddi ngoai.; (i) Viet Nam mu6n la ban va ddi tac tin cay

° Bdo Nhan dan, ngay 20/02/2016.

41

NghiSn aSBjwc-ws* * M ™

cua tit ci cic nude; (iii) Ii thinh vien cd teich nhite, trong c«ng ^ m quoc tl vi hda binh, httu nghi, hpp tie vi phit hien. « | |

Trong bao eio chinh tei eua BCHTW DCS Vi$t Nam khda XIH* ' nghi quylt Dai hdi XII temh biy ro nhung nhiem v^ chtah cda chinh sach dii ngoai nhu sau: "Kien quylt bio vf ddc lip, chu quyen, thong .that yi toin ven lanh thd cua Td quic; gitt vung mdi teudng qudc te hda binh, on dmh cin thilt dl phit ttiln bin vung dit nude. Md rdng va tang e u t o | quan he quic tl; tan dvmg mpi khi nang mi quan he dd teao cho, toofflj diu vdi thich thdc, sd dung cd hi$u qui hdi nhap qudc td ttong di8u kiM mdi, tilp tuc cdng ed vi thi va nang eao uy tta cua dat nude tten teuo^, quocti"." •

Cd thi ndi, chtah sach niy thvc tl khdng thay ddi teong suit s l nam qua kl hi nhttng ngay bit diu cdng cudc Ddi mdi den nay, khdnj; phu thude vio vide ai Ii ngudi dung diu Dang vi Nha nude. Dieu nafc khdng cd gi ding ngae nhien nlu luu j ' ring Bp Chinh tti Ban chip hanl;., Tnmg uong DCS Vi?t Nam da ludn ludn ip dung phong each giii quy*, tip thi doi vdi nhttng vin dl chtah sich ddi ngoai quan tepng, do dd n ^ i . ngua kha nang mdt ca nhan lanh dao nio dd cda Dang dp dat y ehl c » j minh len toan Ding vi Nhi nude. Va kit qua Ii su kl thda chtah sach m^ ngoai d Viet Nam Ii mdt tieu ehl, chd khdng phii ngoai le dac bidt nao. ••:%

Cae thi he lanh dao mdi cda Viet Nam ludn ludn toan thd di chic, 1 cua Chd tich Hd Chi Minh: "Khdng cd gi qui hon ddc l|p tu do!" Don| ' thdi, hp cung khdng bao gid quen ldi huan thi thdng thai khac cua Ngudi; , do Ii tim mpi each dl them ban, bdt thu vi diy Ii dilu kien hit sdc qiiffl j tepng dim bao cho thing lpi cua each mang Vidt Nam./. ••'

" Bao cao ohlnh tri cua Ban Chjp hanh Tmng ucng Ding khoa XI tai Dai hoi dai biJu -t o ^ qu6c lan thd XII cua Dang, 2/2016, tr.3

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Nghien cam qudc te sd 2 (105)

TAILIBU THAM KHAO

1. G. M. Lokshta, "Biln Ddng, nhttng hdn dio tranh chip". Tap chi A - Phi ngdy nay (tilng Nga), sd 9, 2015.

2. Bao cao chinh tri cua Ban Chip hanh Tnmg uong Dang khoa XI tai Dai hdi dai bieu toan quic lin thu XII cda Ding, 2/2016.

3. Http://bongoaigiao.vn, 20/01/2016

4."Viet Nam - Hoa Ky: ddi tic cd dilu kien", Tap chi Cdc vdn de Vien Bdng, s6 2, 2014.

5. "Hoa Ky mudn la nha dau tu Idn nhat cda "VN", BBC tieng Viet, ngay 26/01/2015.

6. URL: www.kremlin.ru, 08/07/2012.

7. Http://vestifmance.ru, 2/12/2016.

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