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Next Generation Spatially Immersive Visualization Systems. Prof. Frederic I. Parke Visualization Sciences Program. Fully Immersive Characteristics. Wrap around visual ‘immersion’ Possibly multi-sensory sight, sound, touch,... Two main types spatially immersive and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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11/21/02 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
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Next Generation Spatially Immersive Visualization Systems
Prof. Frederic I. ParkeVisualization Sciences Program
11/21/02 Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University 2
Fully Immersive Characteristics
Wrap around visual ‘immersion’ Possibly multi-sensory
– sight, sound, touch,... Two main types
– spatially immersiveand
– head mounted displays
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Spatially Immersive Systems
Multiple images projected on surrounding surfaces
Often use stereo images – (active) Sequential images
» Single projector / Shutter glasses
– (passive) Dual stereo images» Two projectors / Polarized filters
May use position tracking
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Examples - CAVE systems
developed at U. of Illinois
now commercial versions
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Cave Display Surfaces
up to 6 surfaces of a small room or cubical environment
typically systems use only 3 or 4 walls
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Immersive Environments
Major Components
– the computational “fabric”
– the display “surfaces”
– user interaction and tracking
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What is the Next Generation?
New look at the computational fabric
and
New look at the display surfaces
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Use a ‘Commodity’ Computing Fabric
Benefit from
– cost/performance advantages
– rapid development
– lower cost
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Commodity Computing Concept
Cluster of commodity computers
Fast network interconnection
Open source operating system (Linux)
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Visual Computing Clusters
Extended Cluster Concept Use ‘visual’ computing nodes Each computational node has a
graphics processor Each node drives a small facet of the
total display surface
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Current Technology Visual Computing Node
Dual 3.0 GHz Xeon processors 4 Gbytes memory High-performance graphics processor
– such as nVidia 4400 1 Gbit networking ~$4,500 each
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‘Next Generation’ Computing Fabric
A 12 to 60 node visual computing cluster
Each node corresponds to one display facet
Plus one control / interface computer
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Related Work
Tiled Displays/PowerWalls– Princeton– Argonne National Lab– UNC-CH
Multi-Graphics Project– Stanford
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The ‘Ideal’ Display Surface?
Is probably task specific One concept is a seamless surrounding
sphere with high resolution wrap around images, high update rate, and high complexity modeled environments
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Display Geometries
We want better geometric approximations
to the ‘ideal’ sphere
The CAVE is a poor approximation
A number of polyhedral configurations are better
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Polyhedral Display Systems
Multiple display facets Each facet driven from one visual
computing node Low cost per facet High aggregate performance High aggregate resolution
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One possible configurationa 24 facet polyhedron
Trapezoidal Icositetrahedra
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24 Facet polyhedral as approximation to a sphere
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24 Facet projector placement
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Visual simulation of a 24 facet display structure
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Simulated cross-sectional view of a
5 meter 24 facet display environment
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Another possible configurationa 60 faceted polyhedra
Pentagonal Hexcontahedra
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Objectives
Lower cost Commodity components Reasonable performance Useful and effective Open software
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Challenges
Software Development Distributed Data Management Display Synchronization / Stereo Display Physical Structure/Environment Suitable Projection Systems Display Calibration
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Software Development
Adapting existing software packages such as OpenSG, VR Juggler, (CaveLib), …
Developing new local software Support for different display geometries Application development support
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Stereo Display
Active»time sequential – shutter glasses»requires very tight synchronization
Passive» anaglyphic – red /cyan (one proj)» polarized (two projectors)
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Physical Structures
Screen frame design»Minimal ‘seams’
Projector placement»Optical folding»Projector mounts»Heat ‘ripples’
Screen material»Optical properties
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Image Compensation
Geometric correction– off axis & projector distortion
– ‘Image stability’
– explored several approaches Intensity / color correction
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Budget for a 7 Facet System NSF System
7 x $17.75k = ~$124k plus ~ $36k for a control/interface
computer, interaction devices, networking, sound, installation, etc…
Total ~ $160k
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24 Facet polyhedral as approximation to a sphere
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Revised NSF Budget (2005)
For each facet ~ $17.75k– 2 Visual computing nodes ~ $9k– 2 Display projectors ~ $3.5k– Screen and structure ~$3.8k– Misc. components ~$1.45k
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Project History
~1990 Air Force project @ NYIT ~1998 current concept (w/Ergun) 2000 CRIC funding (~$5k) 2002 TITF funding ($165k) 2005 NSF funding ($500k)
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3/10 scale physical model using 24 identical facets
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Finished Prototype
Architecture Building Atrium
~ 5’ diameter
(Mid – 2001)
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¾ Scale Presentation Prototype
Completed May 2002
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Half of structure frame
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Structure with projected images
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Rear view of 4 screen structure section
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Operational prototype in use
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Closer view
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Project Status
3 screen prototype (3/4 scale)
5 screen prototype (full scale)
7 screen prototype (1/2 scale) Software (2 generations)
– ‘3Dengine’ – ‘Guppy3D’
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Future Modular Versions
Replace projectors and screens with large flat panel display facets
Create bolt together modules