New TopicNew Title

Kinetic Theory

Do now Particle model sheet a review

of year 7

Homework Homework – 1. Finish Draw

these sentences

2. Stick in all your loose

worksheets by Sunday 12th February

3 Java Lava Power

This lesson

• State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases.

• Describe the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases.

• Interpret the temperature of a gas in terms of the motion of its molecules.

• Relate the properties of solids, liquids and gases to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules.

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Make notes of the

following slides

Solids

• Fixed shape and volume• Particles together by strong forces of

attraction called bonds they vibrate about fixed positions

• Difficult to compress• Generally dense

Liquids

• Shape has a fixed volume but can flow and change shape

• The particles vibrate and can change position

• Not easy to compress• Generally denseWater to ice

Gases.

• Shape can change• Particles can move freely

• They move at high speed colliding with each other and the walls of their container

• Easy to compress• Low density• Liquid to gas

Turbulent gases in spaceRed represents - sulfur; green - hydrogen; blue - oxygen.

Solids, liquids and gases• States of Matter

Draw the sentence

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Draw these sentences!1. The particles in a solid are close packed, in regular positions and

vibrate around a fixed point.

2. The particles in a liquid are also close packed, they vibrate but can also move around randomly.

3. Particles in a liquid are NOT further apart than particles in a solid.

4. The particles in a gas are far apart and move randomly.

5. The particles in a gas are about 10 times further apart than in a solid or liquid

6. The hotter a gas is, the faster the particles move.

7. The particles in a solid, liquid or gas are the same size (provided it is the same substance)

8. Physics is the most interesting subject..

Homework Homework – 1. Finish Draw

these sentences

2. Stick in all your loose

worksheets by Sunday 12th February

3 Java Lava Power

How do we know? Next lesson in Mr Garnett’s Room SS13

Brownian motion

Robert Brown

Do NowQuestion

1 page 99

What Brownian motion isWhy it occursInternal energy Temperature Close to the sound barrier

Learning today

United States Fighter Jet from Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 314 (VMFA-314), January 29, 2004, Pacific Oceanhyperphysics

Solids, liquids and gases• States of Matter

Brownian motion

Robert Brown

Do Q3 stick in the

thermal effects

revision list

What did you see?

Write down what you observed. •What did you see?•How would you describe the particles motion?•How do you explain the motion of the smoke particles?•Brownian motion

What did you see?

• The smoke smoke particles are observed as points of light,

• with a jiggling or random motion • this due to collisions with the much smaller

and invisible air particles.

• You can see the smoke particles not the very small air particles.

Brownian motion – Fat droplets in milk

Brownian Motion - YouTube

Evidence

Brownian motion is evidence 1.for the existence of atoms or molecules. 2.and their random movement.

•This random motion can be modelled mathematically•This was one of Einstein’s great papers of 1905.

Myth Busters

• Robert Brown is correctly referred to as having observed the jittering motion of small particles, but

• he wasn't the first to record the observation, call Brownian motion this was by Jan Ingenhauz (photosythesis) in 1785 using charcoal dust.

• he did NOT observe the motion of actual pollen grains.

Internal Energy

This is the sum of the kinetic energies - from motion of the particles and potential energies due to forces between the molecules in a substance

If you imagine the forces between particles as a spring, you can see if the particles are pulled apart or squashed together that energy is stored in the spring. Similarly there is potential energy between the particles in a substance.

Temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average random kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Note that they are not all travelling at the same speed.

Temperature

The hotter the temperature, the faster the average speed of the particles

Note that they are not all travelling at the same speed.

Solids, liquids and gases

• Let’s try a simulation!

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

Make notes of the

following slides if you

wish!