Analytical Chemistry of Polymers,Part 1

Analysis of Monomers and Polymeric Ma-terials - Plastics, Resins, Rubbers,Fibersedited by Gordon M. Kline,

National Bureau of StandardsPart 1 of Volume 12 of High Polymersdescribes methods useful in the analy-sis of commercial monomers and poly-mers, such as elastomers, ion exchangeresins, textile fibers and plastics. Meth-ods are given for impurity determina-tions in monomers and for the deter-mination of the chemical structure andphysical properties of polymeric prod-ucts.

1959 684 pages, illustrated $16.50Part 2 in preparation

Probability and Related Topics inPhysical Sciencesby Mark Kac, Cornell UniversityVolume 1 of a new series, Lectures inApplied Mathematics, is an expansionof 12 lectures from the 1957 SummerSeminar in Applied Mathematics, Boul-der, and introduces probability theory toa mature mathematical audience. Its fourchapters deal with the nature of proba-balistic reasoning, tools and techniques,probability in problems of classic statis-tical mathematics and integration infunction spaces. Four supplementarylectures by Uhlenbeck, Hibbs and vander Pol round out the treatment.

1959 279 pages, illustrated $5.60

Progress in Inorganic Chemistry,Volume 1

edited by F. A. Cotton,Massacbusetts Institute of TechnologyIn meeting the need for effective com-munication among different branches ofinorganic chemistry, it is written at aPh.D. level by leading researchers.Topics include Cyclopendtadienyl andArene Metal Compounds, Solutions ofMetals in Liquid Ammonia, and Iso-cyanide Complexes of Metals.

570 pages, illustrated In pressPyridine and its Derivatives

In Four Parts

by Erwin Klingsberg, AmericanCyanamid Co.

Volume 14 of the series, Cbemistry ofHeterocyclic Compounds

Pyridine's unique importance in hetero-cyclic chemistry makes the latest volumeof this series of great significance. Allreactions are exhaustively discussed by14 highly qualified contributors withemphasis on practical and preparativeapplications. Pyridine and benzene be-havior are compared. This first of fourparts reviews all of pyridine chemistryin light of modern theory and providesa thorough introduction to the subject.

App. 620 pages, illustrated In pressParts 2, 3, and 4 in Preparation

iE I UTSNERSTINC250 Fifth Ave., N.Y. 1, N.Y.

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New ProductsThe information reported here is obtained from

manufacturers and from other sources consideredto be reliable. Neither Science nor the writer as-sumes responsibility for the accuracy of the in-formation. A coupon for use in making inquiriesconcerning the items listed is included in the postcard insert.

* NULL DETECTOR designed for usewith bridges is a tuned detector cover-ing the frequency range 20 cy to 200kcy/sec. Input impedance is 1 megohmshunted by 100 gttf. Indication is pro-vided by a 2-in. cathode-ray tube withdeflection of 0.25 in. for 10-ttv input.Discrimination against the second har-monic is 40 db. (Boonton ElectronicsCorp., Dept. 189)

* CENTRIFUGE for testing has two out-board rotating tables mounted on theboom. One table, electrically driven,may be rotated at 0 to 1800 rev/minto provide sinusoidally varying fields.The other table, electropneumaticallyoperated, permits -+90 deg rotation inmilliseconds to produce high-accelera-tion ramp functions. Speed of the mainarm is controlled through an electro-hydraulic servo system. (Genisco, Dept.191)

* SHAFT-ANGLE ENCODER provides full-scale encoding of 1000 revolutions with1000 code positions per revolution. Afirst 1000-position encoder is geared100-to-1 to a 100-position encoder, andthe latter is geared to a 10-position en-coder. The device will operate attemperatures from 32' to 1500F andin vibration environments of 8 g at2000 cy/sec. (Datex Corp., Dept. 192)

* METERING PUMP is adjustable from0 to 6.44 cm' per stroke. Pumpingpressure can be as much as 354 lb/in.2and is determined by the operating airpressure and the bore of the air cylinder.The pump is actuated by a solenoid.(Airmatic Valve, Dept. 197)

* SHQCK INDICATORS indicate shock ex-

perienced by delicate equipment in ship-ment. The units indicate visibly that a

predetermined permissible level hasbeen exceeded. One- or two-plane or

spherical sensitivity can be provided inranges from 5 to 75 g with ±+5 percentaccuracy. The devices are reusable andresettable. (Inertia Switch, Dpt. 198)

* TEMPERATURE RECORDER measuresand records up to 75 iron-constantanthermocouple inputs. The system con-sists of an input scanner, self-balancingpotentiometer, shaft encoders, encoderselector, control chassis, programmer,digital clock, and electric typewriter.Temperature ranges are -30' to 120°,2500 to 6000, and 00 to 12000F. Scan-

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Ask for S&S "Ash-Free"Analytical Filter PapersFor many years S&S Ash-Free Analyt-ical Filter Papers have been knownfor their extremely low ash content.They have been the choice of chem-ists who must have the most preciseworking tools.To our knowledge, there is no filterpaper with lower ash content on themarket. In fact, ash content of S&SQuantitative Papers is considerablylower than all other papers we havetested-less than 0.007%.Ask your laboratory supply house forS&S Analytical Filter Papers-thefinest, most precise filter paper youcan specify. Yet S&S quality costs nomore. If you would like to receive afree S&S Filter Paper Sampler, madeup of many grades, just mail thecoupon below.

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ning rate is 3 sec per data point. Accu-racy is said to be -+i-i F in the lowerranges and -+50F in the highest range.Read-out format is two decimal digitsof identification and four decimaldigits of temperature. (Datex Corp.,Dept. 200)

* DROP COUNTER, for fraction collec-tion, manufactured by LKB-Produkterof Sweden, uses a photoelectric cellto detect falling drops. Fraction sizesfrom 0.1 to 10 ml and of 4, 8, 16, 32,64, and 128 drops per fraction can beselected. (Ivan Sorvall, Dept. 205)

* MAGNETORESISTOR is a semicon-ductor in which electrical resistance is afunction of magnetic field, featuringa 10-to-1 change in resistance with anapplied field of 10 kgauss. The deviceutilizes indium antimonide. Typical spec-ifications are: Resistance, 1 ohm -+ 20percent; power rating, 0.25 watt; tem-perature range, 0° to 100'C; dimen-sions, 5/8 by 1/2 by 0.03 in. (Ohio Semi-conductors, Inc., Dept. 207)

* MULTIPLIER PHOTOTUBES for meas-urement of very low levels of radio-activity are fabricated of selected

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materials that contain very few radio-active contaminants. The tubes havequartz face plates. A tube 3 in. in diam-eter has been announced. (Allen B.DuMont Laboratories, Dept. 199)

* ANALOG MULTIPLIER is said to pro-vide four-quadrant multiplication withdynamic accuracy ± 0.05 percent offull scale at 500 cy/sec. In the device,one variable is used to control frequen-cy deviation about the 1.5 Mcy/sec.reference frequency, while the othervariable controls the amplitude of thecarrier. Multipliers may be used asdividers by manipulation of a singlerelay. An output selection circuit scalesoutput as xx!100, xy/10 or xy. Noiselevel is less than 30 mv, drift less than50 mv in 8 hr. Input impedance isgreater than 1 Mohm; output impedanceis approximately 0.05 ohm. (ComputerSystems, Dept. 206)

* RECORDER for strain-versus-load datais a 24-channel instrument with one.two or four active bridge arms. Individ-ual graphs and three zero positions areprovided for each channel. Either 4or 24 gage-factor controls and rangeselectors are furnished. Adjustment ofzero and gage factor is automatic.(Gilmore Industries, Dept. 201)

* VOLTMETER of potentiometer typemeasures from 0 to 10 volts d-c oneither polarity with accuracy said tobe -+- 0.025 percent plus 3 itv in porta-ble operation. Read-out is provided bysix decade switch dials with resolutionof ± 10 yv and by a panel galvanometerfor fractional microvolt resolution. Sta-bility of reference supply is said to be-+-0.005 percent for line variation from107 to 127 volts. (Siegler Corp., Dept.202)

* ULTRASONIC WELDER for small anddelicate assemblies accomplishes weld-ing without melting and without passageof electric current through parts to bejoined. Power input is 100 watts. (Aero-projects, Inc., Dept. 208)

* IMAGE AMPLIFIER uses televisiontechniques to show 11-by-11-in. fluoro-scopic images on television-type moni-tors. With this equipment, a radiationrate of 2 mr is said to be adequate fordiagnostic viewing of a thorax. Acces-sory equipment to be available in thefuture will permit holding of an imagewithout continued irradiation. (Mar-coni Instruments, Ltd., Dept. 209)

* SPECTRUM ANALYZER for the range50 cy to 100 kcy/sec applies any 2.5kcy/sec input band simultaneously to100 32-cy/sec band-pass filters andscans the filter outputs in sequence ata rate of 3450 per minute. Resolution

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is 75 cy! sec with dynamic resolvingrange 35 to 40 db. Variations in ampli-tude response are within ±t3 db. An-other model is available with resolution250 cy/sec. (Raytheon Co., Dept. 213)

E THERMISTOR SLIDE RULE is enteredwith thermistor shape desired and re-sistance at 250 C and reads resistance atall temperature points of the thermistorcurve. Dimensions, dissipation and timeconstants, and maximum temperaturelimits are also given for several hundredthermistors. (Fenwal Electronics, Dept.214)

M RESISTANCE BRIDGE uses an electronicnull indicator to permit rapid inspectionof resistors on an accept-reject basiswith accuracy said to be ±+ 0.2 percent.The range 10 ohm to 1 1,111,100 ohmis covered in 10-ohm steps with toler-ance adjustable between ±+-1 and ±+20percent. (Shallcross Manufacturing Co.,Dept. 217)

M KERR-CELL SHUTTER consists of aKerr cell, spark gap, pulse transformer,high-voltage power supply, and variable-delay trigger generator. Exposure timeis 30 mttsec. Cell aperture is 40 by 40

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mm, 20 mm thick, and transmissionratio is 10g. Trigger may be manual,contact closure, or step voltage, withdelay 1 to 125 jusec. (Oltronix Inc.,Dept. 21 1)

M VACUUM Pump depends on the reac-tion between gases and titanium vapor toproduce vacuums in the range 0.05 to1 X 1 0` mm-Hg. The device consistsof a stainless-steel cartridge 7 5/ 16 in.long and approximately ½/ in. diam-eter. A source of 60-amp, 3-volt pow-er is used to evaporate the titanium.Pumping speed is approximately 5 liter/sec; filament life is approximately 500,1 -mmn evaporations at 1 is-Hg or lower.Filaments are replaceable. (NationalResearch Corp. Dept. 215)

M COOLING DEVICE for infrared detec-tors operates by expanding 300 ib!in.'helium in a ¼-i4n, diameter cylinder2-in, long. The temperature of the in-frared cell is reduced to 60K. Weightof the cooler is 8 oz. (Arthur D. Little,Inc., Dept. 212)

M NOISE SOURCE consists of a "white-noise" generator that can be set forconstant energy per cycle or per octave,feeding through a driver amplifier intoeight attenuators, each in turn connect-ed to an octave-band filter. Spectrumcoverage is 20 to 9600 cy/ sec with pro-vision for a ninth band 9600 to 19,200cy/sec. Each band can be adjusted tosimulate an environmental noise spec-trum. (Allison Laboratories, Inc., Dept.216)

*LEVEL - SENSING POTENTIOMETER isan air-bubble type in which the fluid isan electrolyte. Electrodes are arrangedin the curved glass tube so that resist-ances between two end electrodes anda center electrode are equal when theunit is horizontal. When the instrumentis used as half of a 1000-ohm bridgewith 12 volts applied, tilting of 0.25deg produces an output of 4 volts. Satu-ration is reached at approximately ¾/deg. (Hamlin, Inc., Dept. 220)

M POWER AMPLIFIER for particle-ac-celerator drive applications is tunablefrom 195 to 205 Mcy/sec, producing1-to-20 kw peak pulse output with in-put pulse power of 50 watts. Pulse repe-tition rate is 5 to 60 per second. Pulselength is variable from 150 to 400~tsec, with rise time 5 gsec from 10 to90 percent and droop less than 5 per-cent. Remote console operation can bearranged. (Levinthal Electronic Prod-ucts, Dept. 222)

M TRANSFER-FUNCTION BRIDGE meas-ures input and output impedance andadmittance of two-, three-, and four-terminal devices and networks over the

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frequency range 25 to 1500 Mcy/ sec.Standard mounts are available for meas-urements on transistors and for com-

mon-cathode measurements on seven-pin miniature tubes. The bride ispassive; stability of calibration is de-pendent only on physical dimensions.Measurement ranges are: voltage andcurrent ratios, 0 to 20; transimpedance,0 to 1500 ohm; transadmittance, 0 to600 mho; impedance, 0 to 1000 ohm;admittance, 0 to 400 mho. (GeneralRadio Co., Dept. 221)

M PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA TELEMETERINGSYSTEM is a 20-lb. electronic packagethat measures blood pressure, heart rate,heart sounds, respiration rate anddepth, skin temperature, and galvanic

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* SUBCARRIER OSCILLATOR CALIBRATORfor FM telemetering calibration in fieldor laboratory is said to maintain ac-curacy of ¼1/4 percent bandwidth underall conditions of use. The panel meterreads directly in percentage band-width; meters for remote indication are

available. (Wayne D. Patterson, Inc.,Dept. 218)

JOSHUA STERNNational Bureau of Standards,Washington, D.C.

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I SM 5.0/A l1.2g 560 70000

Mean Flow rates in cc/m/incm2 filter area@ 25°C and 70 cm Hg A p

Letters(Continued from page 1302)

Sulloway's, which purports to set outCatholic doctrine on some subject, isto determine whether the CatholicChurch has actually taken a doctrinalstand in the matter. Unless she has,there is no "position of the CatholicChurch," and writers may, and almostalways do, argue pro and con.The Church is considered to have

taken a doctrinal stand in a matterwhen she has (i) made an infalliblepronouncement by the head of theChurch; (ii) defined by an EcumenicalCouncil; (iii) authoritatively proposedsome creed, formula of belief, or mat-ter of moral behavior.

Consider two examples, the first be-ing the question of the geocentric andheliocentric theories of planetary mo-tion. When the latter was first proposedin university circles by a Catholic, Co-pernicus, some Catholic writers werefor it, but the great majority wereagainst it. The Church, however, didnot then, and never has since, taken adoctrinal stand in the matter. The factthat "Catholic authors" adopted this orthat position does not have anythingto do with the question.

For many centuries the majority of"Catholic authors" took the positionthat at the end of her earthly careerthe mother of Christ was taken upbody and soul into heaven. There were,however, some "Catholic authors" whothought her body was not assumed.After 1 November 1950 the matter was

closed by a formal doctrinal statementby the head of the church.

In the case of birth control theChurch never has taken a doctrinalstand that "separation of intercourseand parenthood" is wrong. If she had,she could never have allowed marriagebetween those who are sterile, nor be-tween those who, because of advancedage, have passed the time when con-

ception can naturally take place. How-ever, the legitimacy of the union andthe rights of the partners to use theirmarital privileges have been recognizedin these cases for centuries. Unfortu-nately, since Davis was unaware ofthese points, he was unable to pointout that a major part of Sulloway'sthesis is irrelevant.The second question that must be

considered concerns the nature of theCatholic Church.

It is certainly understandable thatSulloway, believing the Church bothinconsistent and in error, would hopeit would change its mind on (what hethinks is) its doctrinal stand. Your re-viewer is apparently unaware that anessential claim of the Catholic Churchis that when it does take a definite doc-

SCIENCE, VOL. 130

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New ProductsJOSHUA STERN

DOI: 10.1126/science.130.3385.1357 (3385), 1357-1362.130Science 

ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/130/3385/1357.citation

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is a registered trademark of AAAS.Scienceof Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. The title (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published by the American Association for the AdvancementScience

Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.Copyright © 1959 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of

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