New Knowledge of Human Beings and Society (Palmer text, section 30)

AP European History

Androstic

2012-2013

Natural Right/Natural Law

Natural Law Structure of the world on what is right/wrong Right is natural Not determined by man/written laws Universal Discovered by reason Secular in nature

“Law of Nations”

Hugo Grotius, Law of War and Peace,

1625

Samuel Pufendorf, Law of Nature and of

Nations, 1672

Hobbes vs. Locke

Thomas Hobbes,1588-1679

John Locke,1632-1704

Hobbes vs. Locke

Wrote Leviathan,published 1651

Wrote Two Treatises of Government,

published 1689

Thomas Hobbes supported royal absolutism people were naturally wicked and evil state of nature = “war of all against all” strong ruler needed to maintain order social contract -social contract - people give up some freedom

to government that provides law and order gov’t may not be altered/replaced

John Locke agreed with Hobbes that government was

necessary

agreed with Hobbes that people enter into a social contract

John Locke supported constitutional government believed people will act reasonably in the

state of nature individuals set up gov’t to enforce rights for

all social contract conditional (people be

reasonable, gov’t protect natural rights) gov’t made be altered or replaced

Which of these philosophers is correct?About human nature?

About the ability to govern?

About the proper style of government?

About the ability to overthrow of government?

It’s time to learn a new skill!

PERSIAHow can this strategy be used in AP European History?

PERSIA

PERSIA is a strategy of thinking about a civilization/society. The acronym PERSIA stands for:

Political Economic Religious Social Intellectual Arts

Do these characteristics remain a way to describe a civilization? Does it work for your society?

Take five minutes to consider/describe our society in terms of PERSIA.

How can PERSIA be useful to you?

When completing an FRQ (Free Response Question) or a DBQ (Document-Based Question), thinking of these societal conditions can help you make connections necessary in your analysis.

Example FRQs that could use PERSIA: Discuss the political and social consequences of the

Protestant Reformation in the first half of the sixteenth century. (Test 2)

How and to what extent did the Commercial Revolution transform the European economy and diplomatic balance of power in the period from 1650-1763? (Test 3)

Compare and contrast the triumph of constitutionalism in England and Holland with the triumph of absolutism in France. (Test 4)

How can PERSIA be useful to you?

In multiple-choice questions, you can use PERSIA to eliminate choices (if the question deals with a political characteristic, eliminate choices that deal with economics/religion).

Two examples from past AP Exams follow…