New crop protection methods

for field vegetables

Dr Tim O’Neill, ADAS

Agenda

1. The Sceptre project

2. Brassica crops – Diseases, Pests

3. Allium crops – Diseases, Pests

4. Other crops – Pests

5. Weed control

6. Summary

1. Sceptre – filling crop protection gaps for

edible crops (CP 77)

• Many actives lost or under threat with new legislation

(PPPR, SUD, WFD)

• Identifying effective and crop-safe actives

• Develop sustainable IPM systems

Sceptre consortium members

H & H Duncalfe

Summary of products tested on years 1 to 3

Novel products used all 3 years

BiologicalTotal

bioChemical

TOTAL

products

micro-org botanical salt/other

Crop Group Totals

total unique products for FV 22 10 7 39 45 84

total unique products for PE 23 8 2 33 35 68

total unique products for SF 10 9 4 23 30 53

total unique products for TF 11 2 6 19 16 35

Pesticidal

Category

Totals

total unique products - herbicides 0 3 2 5 15 20

total unique products - fungicides 25 6 11 42 50 92

total unique products - insecticides 11 6 0 17 22 39

36 15 13 64 87 151

Overview of FV work in Sceptre

Year Area Brassica Allium Other

2011 D Alternaria,

Downy mildew

- -

P Aphid, Caterpillar,

CRF

Thrips Aphid (lettuce and

carrot)

W - - Annual weeds,

Residues

2012 D Alternaria, Powdery

mildew, Ring spot

Rust -

P CRF, IPM Thrips Aphid (lettuce)

W Band spray Band spray Annual weeds,

Electrical

2013 D Powdery mildew

Ring spot

Rust

Downy mildew

-

P IPM Thrips IPM (lettuce)

W Band spray Band spray Annual weeds,

Electrical

Project delivery – Field vegetables

Delivery

• Diseases – Peter Gladders, ADAS

• Pests – Rosemary Collier, Warwick University

• Weeds – Andy Richardson, Cathy Knott, ABC and Lynn Tatnell, ADAS

Consultants

• Pesticides – Vivian Powell and Bolette Palle Neve, HDC

• Biopesticides – Roma Gwynn, Rationale

Communication

• Sector liaison – John Sedgwick, Agrimarc; Cheryl Brewster, HDC

• KT – Rosie Atwood, HDC

2. Brassica crops - Diseases

Dark leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola)

• Chinese cabbage

• Fungicide screening trial

• 4 replicates

• Products – Nativo 75WG, Signum

and Folio Gold

• 6 coded products

• 1 salt

• Biological screening trials

• 6 replicates

• 8 biologicals

Dark leaf spot - fungicides

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

KHCO3 SF2011

- 04103

Unt SF2011

04104

Folio

Gold

SF2011

0410

SF2011

0428

SF2011

0425

SF2011

0424

Rudis Signum Nativo

% p

lan

ts a

ffe

cte

d (

14

DA

I)

*** *

*

*Significantly different from untreated

*

*

Dark leaf spot - biofungicides

• SF2011-0447, SF2011-0406, SF2011-0443 and SF2011-

0440 reduced disease incidence by around 50% at 7 days

after inoculation

• Only the fungicide standard (Rudis) gave control at 14

days after inoculation

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cruciferarum)

• Trial on swede

• Fungicides & IPM programme trial

– 4 replicates

– Commercial standards (Rudis

& Nativo 75 WG)

– 10 treatments (7 products, 2

progs, 1 mix)

– Applied at 400 L/ha

– Some phytotoxicity was

observed

– Severe mildew

Treatments

Treatment

number

Timing 1

Day -7

Timing 2

Day 0

Timing 3

Day +7

Timing 4

Day +14Timing 5 Day +21

1 - Untreated - Untreated -

2 (standard) - Rudis - Rudis -

3 (standard) - Nativo 75WG - Nativo 75WG -

4 - SF2013-SWE-24 - SF2013-SWE-24 -

5 - SF2013-SWE-28 - SF2013-SWE-28 -

6 - SF2013-SWE-89 - SF2013-SWE-89 -

7 - SF2013-SWE-88 - SF2013-SWE-88 -

8 - SF2013-SWE-10 - SF2013-SWE-10 -

9 Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated

10 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90

11SF2013-SWE-90

+ SF2013-40

SF2013-SWE-90 +

SF2013-40

SF2013-SWE-90 +

SF2013-40

SF2013-SWE-90 +

SF2013-40

SF2013-SWE-90 +

SF2013-40

12SF2013-SWE-11 +

adjuvant

SF2013-SWE-11 +

adjuvant

SF2013-SWE-11 +

adjuvant

SF2013-SWE-11 +

adjuvant

SF2013-SWE-11 +

adjuvant

13 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 Rudis Rudis

14 - Rudis SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90 SF2013-SWE-90

Treatment timing refers to days pre or post inoculation

Powdery mildew severity after 49 days

% leaf area (after 49 days)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

Unt

reat

ed

SWE

-90

SWE

-11

+ ad

juva

nt

SW

E-9

0 +

SW

E-4

0R

udis

/ SW

E-9

0

SWE

-88

SWE

-10

Nat

ivo

WG

SWE

-28

SWE

-89

Rud

is

SWE

-24

SW

E-90

/ Rud

is

*Significantly different from untreated

** *

****

*

*

Ring spot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola)

• Trial on pointed cabbage

• Fungicide & IPM programmes trial

– 4 replicates

– Commercial standard programme using Rudis & Amistar

– 10 programmes applied using 11 products

– Applied at 400 L/ha to 5 m plots

– Both conventional fungicides and biofungicides are being applied

Treatment programmes

TrtTiming 1

27 Aug

Timing 2

3 Sep

Timing 3

12 Sep

Timing 4

24 Sep

Timing 5

9 Oct

Timing 6

18 Oct

1 Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated

2 - Amistar - Rudis - Amistar

3 - Signum - Rudis - Signum

4 - Nativo 75WG - Rudis - Nativo 75WG

5 - SF2013-BRA-10 - SF2013-BRA-10 - SF2013-BRA-10

6 - SF2013-BRA-24 - SF2013-BRA-24 - SF2013-BRA-24

7 - SF2013-BRA-25a - SF2013-BRA-25a - SF2013-BRA-25a

8SF2013-BRA-105 +

Amistar-

SF2013-BRA-105

+ Rudis-

SF2013-BRA-105

+ Amistar

9 2013-BRA-90 2013-BRA-90 2013-BRA-90 2013-BRA-90 2013-BRA-90 2013-BRA-90

10 Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade Serenade

Brassica – Control of leaf diseases

Treatment % leaf area affected (21 Nov) Yield

(Kg / plot)Ring spot DM Alternaria

1. Untreated 3.0 5.0 0.6 7.9

Fungicides (3 sprays)

2. Amistar / Rudis 0.2 5.0 0 7.6

3. Signum / Rudis 0.2 5.0 0.1 7.9

4. Nativo / Rudis 0.2 6.3 0 9.9

5. BRA 10 0.2 4.5 0.1 8.9

6. BRA 24 0.1 1.8 0 9.2

7. BRA 25a 0.2 5.3 0 9.5

Biofungicides (5 sprays)

8. Serenade ASO 2.6 5.6 0.6 7.6

9. BRA 90 1.4 2.3 0.5 8.9

10. Amistar + BRA 105 0.1 6.0 0 8.9

Brassica crops - Pests Control of cabbage root fly, aphids and caterpillars -

IPM

• Planted 13 May

• Cabbage root fly treatments applied as drench pre-

planting

• Plants in bio-insecticide trial treated with Dursban

to protect against cabbage root fly attack

• Root damage assessed 4 weeks after planting

• Spraying started when pest numbers had built up

• Conventional aphid and caterpillar insecticides

applied once

• Bio-insecticides for aphid and caterpillar applied 3

times at weekly intervals

• Spraying started 26 July (aphid treatments) and 1

August (caterpillar treatments)

• Numbers of aphids and caterpillars counted after

spraying

Cabbage Root Fly Control

Aphid Control

Conventional insecticides

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Untreated Movento Movento (+

SI2013-BRU-142)

SI2013-BRU-60 SI2013-BRU-59 SI2013-BRU-50

(pre-planting)N

um

ber

of

live

ap

hid

s/p

lan

t

Bio-insecticides

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Untreated SI2013-BRU-01 SI2013-BRU-92 SI2013-BRU-62 SI2013-BRU-130

Nu

mb

er

of

lilv

e a

ph

ids

/pla

nt

Caterpillar Control

Conventional insecticides

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Untreated Steward Tracer (Pre-

planting)

SI2013-BRU-48 SI2013-BRU-143 SI2013-BRU-50

(Pre-planting)P

erc

en

t p

lan

ts w

ith

ca

terp

illa

rs

Bio-insecticides

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Untreated SI2013-BRU-64 SI2013-BRU-68 SI2013-BRU-94 SI2013-BRU-130

Perc

en

t p

lan

ts w

ith

ca

terp

illa

rs

3. Allium crops - Diseases

Spring onion downy mildew (Peronospora destructor)

• Fungicide & biofungicide programmes

– 4 replicates

– Spring onion standard programme: Olympus, Invader, Amistar & Signum

– Bulb onion standard: Valbon, Olympus and Dithane NT

– 15 programmes using 18 products

– 4 sprays fungicides, 6 sprays biofungicides

– Plot size 8m x 1.5 m

Downy mildew control

24

SOS

BOS

Last spray: 18 Sep

Comparison of treatments

Good control with bulb onion

standard programme

Downy mildew in test

product plot

Detail of the effective reference programmes

Products Active Ingredients

Spring Onion

Invader +

Amistar

Dimethomorph + mancozeb

azoxystrobin

Valbon +

Olympus

Benthiavalicarb – isopropyl + mancozeb

azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil

Invader +

Signum

Dimethomorph + mancozeb

boscalid + pyraclostrobin

Bulb Onion

Valbon +

Olympus

Benthiavalicarb – isopropyl + mancozeb

azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil

Unicur +

Dithane

Prothioconazole + fluoxastrobin

mancozeb

Valbon +

Dithane

Benthiavalicarb – isopropyl + mancozeb

mancozeb

Allium crops - Pests

Control of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on leeks

• Planted 22 May

• Little damage observed in early

part of season

• Sprays started 14 August as thrips

increased

• 4 sprays of conventional

insecticides applied at 14d

intervals (Trial 1)

• 4 sprays of bio-insecticides

applied at 7d intervals (Trial 2)

• Thrips damage assessed at end of

spray programmes

Thrips control

4. Other crops - pests

Carrot: Control of willow-carrot aphid

• 6 conventional insecticides and 2 bio-insecticides

• Aphid activity monitored at regular intervals. First treatments applied when aphids present

• 1 spray of insecticide and 3 of bio-insecticides

• Reference product: Biscaya

• Aphids counted at 9 and 16 days after first spray

Results – willow-carrot aphid

Bio-insecticides marked *

*

*

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Nu

mb

er

of

ap

hid

s/m

ro

w

9 days post spray

16 days post spray

*

*

Lettuce: Control of aphids and caterpillars

• 3 trials planted: 25 June, 6 Aug and 23 Sep

• Plants infested with currant lettuce aphid pre-

planting, covered with fleece post-planting to

exclude predators

• Colonies generally small in numbers and

occasionally patchy

• Insecticides applied once and bio-insecticides

applied twice (7d interval)

• Colony of silver-Y established in laboratory

• Potted plants infested with caterpillars and

sprayed with test chemicals

• Plants re-infested 1 week after spraying

Control of currant–lettuce aphid

Conventional insecticides

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Untr

eated

Move

nto

SI201

3-LET

-50

SI201

3-LET

-59

SI201

3-LET

-60

Nu

mb

er

of

N.

Rib

isn

igri

/p

lan

t

trial 1

trial 2

trial 3

Bio-insecticides

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Untr

eated

SI201

3-LET

-62

SI201

3-LET

-130

SI201

3-LET

-51

SI201

3-LET

-92N

um

be

r o

f N

. ri

bis

nig

ri/

pla

nt

trial 1

trial 2

trial 3

Control of Silver-Y caterpillar

Conventional insecticides

0

1

2

3

4

Untr

eated

SI201

3-LET

-50

SI201

3-LET

-48

SI201

3-LET

-140N

um

be

r o

f ca

terp

illa

rs/p

lant

First treatment

1 week after spraying

Conventional insecticides

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Untreated SI2013-LET-50 SI2013-LET-48 SI2013-LET-140

Fe

ed

ing h

ole

s/p

lan

t

5. Weed control

Herbicides for crop safety and weed control

• 15 crops

• Pre-emergence and post transplant

• Herbicides tested at 3 doses

New herbicides for weed control: 2010 - 2013

Product Safe to crop Key weeds controlled

Car Cau Cel Lee Let Oni AMG Fat

Hen

Gro Kno

Gra

May

Wee

Sma

net

She

Pur

76* ���� - ���� ���� - ���� - - ���� - - ���� -

105 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� - - ���� ���� ����

123 - - - - ���� - - - - ���� - - -

164 ���� - - ���� - ���� - ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� -

165 - - - ���� - ���� ���� ���� ���� - ���� ���� -

166* ���� - ���� ���� - ���� - - - ���� - ���� ����

Trials at Elsoms. See HDC reports for full details and other crops tested.

* Suppresses volunteer potatoes

Band spray herbicides for annual weed control

in brassicas, leeks and onions

In row treatment Inter row treatment

Results – Leeks at Besthorpe

0

20

40

60

80

100

Herbicide treatment

% w

eed

co

ntr

ol

co

mp

are

d t

o

UT

C

Wing-P @ 2.0 l/ha

Wing-P @ 4.0 l/ha

Wing-P @ 4.0 l/ha + Defy @4.0 l/ha

Wing-P @2.0 l/ha (in row) +Wing-P + Defy (inter)

Wing-P @2.0 l/ha (in row) +Stomp aqua + Defy (inter)

No crop phytotox, more weeds in between rows (T5 + T6)

56 DAT- UTC 90-100% weeds

Redshank, mayweed, b.bindweed, groundsel, sowthistle

* Significantly different from Wing-P at 2.0 L / ha

*

*

*

*

Herbicide and electrical weeding treatments on

cauliflowers

Butisan S @ 1.5 L/ha + Gamit @ 0.25 L/ha

Butisan S @ 1.5 L/ha + Gamit @ 0.25 L/ha + electrical

Butisan S @ 1.5 L/ha + Gamit @ 0.25 L/ha +

mechanical

Electrical weeding alone

Mechanical weeding alone

Similar trial on leeks at 2 sites

ResultsCauliflowers: Mechanical and electrical treatments

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Treatments

% w

ee

d c

on

tro

l

Butisan @ 1.5 l/ha +Gamit @ 0.25 l/ha

Butisan @ 1.5 l/ha +Gamit @ 0.25 l/ha +Electrical

Butisan @ 1.5 l/ha +Gamit @ 0.25 l/ha +mechanical

Electrical alone

Mechanical alone

19 DAT (after electrical + mechanical treatment)

No phytotoxicity

Knotgrass, redshank, fathen, groundsel, f. speedwell

* Significantly different from herbicide alone

* *

6. Summary of progress (potential new

products) - Diseases

Crop Target Reference Fungicides Biofungicides

Brassica Alternaria Rudis Sig 24 28 06 43 47

Downy mildew Folio Gold 24 26 83 47 - -

Powdery mildew Rudis 24 28 89 11 90 -

Ring spot Signum 10 24 29 38 43 90

Leek Rust Amistar Top Sig 10 31 Ser 105 -

Onion Downy mildew Mixtures 20 24 - - - -

Summary of progress (potential new products)

– Pests

Crop Target pest Reference Insecticides Bioinsecticides

Brassica Aphid Movento 54 59 60 62 92 130

Caterpillar Steward 48 143 - 64 68 130

CRF Tracer 50 55 - - - -

Carrot Aphid Biscaya 50 54 60 - - -

Lettuce Aphid Movento 54 59 - - - -

Caterpillar Tracer 48 50 140 68 94 130

Leek Thrips Tracer 48 50 142 62 130 -

Sceptre – Further information

• Website

• HDC News

• HortWeek

• Events

• Open Days

• Conferences

Contacts

Tim O’Neill: Project coordinator

Bolette Palle-Neve: Project secretary

John Sedgwick: Industry liaison – field vegetables

http://sceptre.hdc.org.uk

Many thanks toJ.

• David Piccaver – Project Chairman

• Defra, HDC and Industry partners – funding

• Growers – hosting trials

• All the researchers and their teams