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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures
• Week 1 Lab Practical
LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY
REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS
¢ Dorsal - toward top or back ¢ Ventral - toward bottom or stomach ¢ Anterior - toward front / Posterior - toward rear
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ORIENTING AROUND THE BRAIN: DIRECTIONAL TERMS
= up
= down
= towards the nose
= towards the back
REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS
¢ Lateral - toward the side - away from midline
¢ Medial - toward the middle - away from the side
¢ Ipsilateral - same side / Contralateral - opposite side
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REVIEW ANATOMICAL TERMS
¢ Nerve - set of neurons ¢ Ganglion - a cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS ¢ Nucleus - a cluster of neuron cell bodies in CNS ¢ Gyrus - protuberance on surface of the brain ¢ Sulcus - fold or groove separating gyri
� Fissure = major Sulcus
BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS
• More Terminology – sectioning the brain – Coronal,
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BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS
¢ Coronal, Parasaggital, Saggital,
BASIC NEUROANATOMY TERMS
¢ Coronal, Parasaggital, Saggital, Horizontal
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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures
• Week 1 Lab Practical
LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY
THE CNS ACROSS SPECIES
¢ All vertebrate CNS share common regions: � Hindbrain, Midbrain, & Forebrain
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GENERAL CNS REGIONS
¢ Hindbrain: Brain stem & cerebellum – basic life sustaining tasks (consciousness, heart beat, breathing, vomiting, etc.)
¢ Midbrain: Hypothalamus, Thalamus – motivational state, sensory filtering
¢ Forebrain: � Limbic system – emotional states (anger, joy,
sadness, pain, fear, happiness, etc.) � Cerebral Hemispheres & Cortex – complex thought
processes (personality, sensory & motor, language, memory, learning, etc.)
THE CNS ACROSS SPECIES ¢ What are the
main differences between the major regions of the rat and human central nervous system?
RAT: Forebrain: 44
Midbrain: 4 Hindbrain: 17
Spinal Cord: 35
HUMAN: Forebrain: 85
Midbrain: 1 Hindbrain: 16 Spinal Cord: 2
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COMPARATIVE NEUROANATOMY
¢ The forebrain increases in size across species ¢ What changes in the forebrain across species?
CEREBRAL CORTEX: THE HUMAN ADVANTAGE IN PARTICULAR, THE FRONTAL LOBES GREATER PROPORTION
¢ Limited by the skull – folding allows more area
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• Review of Anatomical Terms • Comparative Neuroanatomy • Online Sheep Brain Resources • Week 1 Structures
• Week 1 Lab Practical
LAB 1 - SHEEP NEUROANATOMY
ONLINE RESOURCES
¢ Each week’s structures are available on the laboratory web site.
¢ Sheep brain dissection guide � Very useful, can turn the labels on and off � Plane of Section slides show coronal cuts � Have to navigate slide by slide but can click
on any structure to see other slides with that structure
¢ Sheep brain atlas � More slides, more detailed labels, and you can
move between thumbnail images more easily
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WEEK 1 STRUCTURES
¢ How to successfully identify structures: � Do NOT try to memorize the locations! � There are too many and you will become
confused and make mistakes ¢ Learn each structure using landmarks.
That way you only have to memorize & recognize a few landmarks in order to identify all the structures. This will reduce mistakes!
¢ For each structure you should be able to say “why” you know where it is located.
¢ Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse . . . Use the TAs!!!