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NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
EDITED BY
Ben YUHAS Bel/core
Morristown, NJ 07960
• Nirwan ANSARI
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology
Newark, NJ 07702
~.
" SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library or Congress Cataloglng-ln-PubllcatloD Data
Neural networks in telecommunications I edited by Ben Yuhas, Nirwan Ansari.
p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6179-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-2734-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2734-3 1. Telecommunication. sy.tem.--Data proce •• ing. 2. Neural networb
(Computer Science) 1. Yuhu, Ben, 1959- • D. Ansari, Nirwan, 1958- • TKSI02,s.N47 1994 93-33665 621.382'028S'63--dc20 CIP
Copyrlaht O 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media New York. Third Printing 1997 Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the bardcover lst edition 1994 Ali rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mecbanical, pboto-copying, recording, or otherwise. without the prior written permission of the publisber, Springer-Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed on acid1ree paper.
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION Ben Yuhas and Nirwan Ansari 1 1 What is a Neural Network? 2 2 Computing with Neural Networks 2 3 Building the Correct Neural Network 6 4 When are Neural Networks Appropriate? 8
2 NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SWITCHING Timothy X Brown 11 1 Introduction 11 2 Switching 12 3 Neural Circuit Design 15 4 Neural Approaches to Switching 24 5 Conclusion 32
3 ROUTING IN RANDOM MULTISTAGE INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS Mark W. Goudreau and C. Lee Giles 37 1 Introduction 37 2 The Communication System 38 3 Exhaustive Search and Greedy Routing 41 4 The Neural Network Router 42 5 Performance Measures for Routers 49 6 Simulation Results 51 7 Analysis 55 8 Conclusions and Future Work 57
vi NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
4 ATM TRAFFIC CONTROL USING NEURAL NETWORKS Atsushi Hiramatsu 63 1 Introduction 63 2 ATM Traffic Control 64 3 Neural Network Applications in the ATM Network 70 4 Adaptive Call Admission Control 72 5 Adaptive Link Capacity Control 79 6 Further Research Directions 87
5 LEARNING FROM RARE EVENTS: DYNAMIC CELL SCHEDULING FOR ATM NETWORKS Daniel B. Schwartz 91 1 Introduction 91 2 ATM Networking 92 3 On-Line Dynamic Programming 93 4 Experimental Evaluation 101 5 Simulations 102 6 Conclusions 105
6 A NEURAL MODEL FOR ADAPTIVE CONGESTION CONTROL IN ATM NETWORKS Xiaoqiang Chen 109 1 Introduction 109 2 Problem Formulation 110 3 Adaptive Learning Rate Algorithm 111 4 Neural Network Control Scheme 114 5 Simulation Results 118 6 Summary 124
7 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF NEURAL NETS IN BROADBAND SYSTEM ADMISSION CONTROL Phuoc Tran-Gia and Oliver Gropp 127 1 Introduction 127 2 Neural Networks for Connection Admission Control 127 3 Example of a Neural Network for Admission Control 132 4 Conclusions 141
Contents vii
8 NEURAL NETWORK CHANNEL EQUALIZATION William R. Kirkland and D. P. Taylor 143 1 Introduction 143 2 A Brief Introduction to Digital Transmission Theory 145 3 Signal Detection and Estimation 147 4 'l\vo Dimensional Signalling and Complex Neural Networks 158 5 Summary 166
9 NEURAL NETWORKS AS EXCISERS FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Richard Bijjani and Pankaj K. Das 173 1 Introduction 173 2 Time Domain Processing 178 3 Conclusions 188
10 STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT USING SIMULATED ANNEALING Manuel Duque-Ant6n, Dietmar Kunz and Bernd Raber 191 1 Problem Description 191 2 Existing Approaches 193 3 Applying Simulated Annealing to the Static CAP 194 4 Simulated Annealing in a Running System 205 5 Conclusions 208
11 CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION DESIGN USING SELF -ORGANIZING FEATURE MAPS Thomas Fritsch 211 1 Introduction 211 2 Mobile Network Planning 213 3 Traffic Density Determination using a Self-organizing Fea-
tureMap 216 4 The Main Algorithm 219 5 Experimental Results 228 6 Conclusions 231
viii NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
12 AUTOMATIC LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION USING TELEPHONE SPEECH Yeshwant K. Muthusamy and Ronald A. Cole 233 1 Introduction 233 2 Background 235 3 A Telephone Speech Corpus For Automatic Language Iden-
tification 237 4 Human Listening Experiments 241 5 A Segmental Approach to Automatic Language Identification 243 6 Summary and Future Work 249
13 TEXT·INDEPENDENT TALKER VERIFICATION USING COHORT NORMALIZED SCORES David J. Burr 255 1 Introduction 255 2 Talker Identification Background 256 3 Related Work 257 4 Cohort Normalization 258 5 STIMIT 259 6 Talker Identification System 260 7 Vector Quantization 260 8 Experiments on 90 Talkers 262 9 Experiments on All 630 Talkers 263 10 Multilayer Perceptron 264 11 Fixed Versus Variable Training Sentences 265 12 Preliminary Experiment on Real Telephone Speech 266 13 Discussion 267 14 Conclusion 268
14 NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTER RECOGNITION AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS L.D. Jackel, et al. 271 1 Introduction 271 2 The Character Recognition Process 272 3 The Basic Recognizer: LeNet 273 4 Segmentation 275
Contents ix
5 Nonnalization 278 6 Finding the Region of Interest 280 7 Additional Applications 280 8 Conclusions 283
15 IMAGE VECTOR QUANTIZATION BY NEURAL NETWORKS Rosa Lancini 287 1 Introduction 287 2 Neural Networks for Vector Quantization 288 3 Neural Networks for Adaptive Vector Quantization 295 4 Conclusions 301
16 MANAGING THE INFOGLUT: INFORMATION FILTERING USING NEURAL NETWORKS Thomas John 305 1 Introduction 305 2 Previous work on filtering 306 3 Neural Networks for Filtering 311 4 Reinforcement learning - AIR 313 5 An Unsupervised Classifier - ART 315 6 Experimental detennination of filter validity 316 7 Future Directions 320
17 EMPIRICAL COMPARISONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS AND STATISTICAL METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION Diane Duffy, Ben Yuhas, Arvind Jain and Andreas Buja 325 1 Introduction 325 2 Two Problems 326 3 Regression and Classification Methodologies 329 4 Results on Regression for Switch Memory 338 5 Results on Classification of DSO-Rate Traffic 342 6 Discussion 347
x NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
18 A NEUROCOMPUTING APPROACH TO OPTIMIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF A SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORK Nirwan Ansari 1 Satellite Communications 2 The Self-organization Method 3 The Cost Minimization Method 4 Discussion
Index
349 349 350 355 363
367
Nirwan Ansari Center for Communications & Signal Processing Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Newark,NJ 07102 email: [email protected]
Manuel Duque-Ant6n Philips GmbH Forschungslaboratorien Postfach 1980 D-5100 Aachen GERMANY email: [email protected]
H.S. Baird AT&T Bell Laboratories 10 1 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
M.Y. Battista AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
J.Ben AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Richard BWani The Bear Group, Inc. 951 Mariners Island Blvd, Suite 230 San Mateo, CA 94404
CONTRIBUTORS
J.Bromley AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Timothy X. Brown Bellcore, MRE 2E-378 445 South Street Morristown, NJ 07960 email: [email protected]
Andreas Buja Bellcore, MRE 2E-330 445 South Street Morristown, NJ 07960
C,J.C Burges AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
David J. Burr Bellcore, MRE 2B-225 445 South Street Morristown, NJ 07960 email: [email protected]
Xiaoqiang Chen AT&T Bell Laboratories, Rm 4F-614 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733 email: [email protected]
xii NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Ronald A. Cole Center for Spoken Language Understanding Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology 19600 NW von Neumann Drive Beaverton OR 97006-1999
E. Cosatto AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Pankaj K. Das Electrical, Computer & Systems Eng. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180-3590 email: [email protected]
J.S. Denker AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Diane Duffy Bellcore 445 South Street Morristown, NJ 07960
Thomas Fritsch Institute of Computer Science University of Wuerzburg AM Bubland, 0-8700 Wuerzburg GERMANY
C. Lee Giles NEC Research Institute 4 Independence Way Princeton,NJ 08540 email: [email protected]
Mark Goudreau Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32816-2362 email: [email protected]
H.P. Graf AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Oliver Gropp Institute of Computer Science University of Wuerzburg Am Hubland, 0-8700 Wuerzburg GERMANY
Atsushi Hiramatsu NTT Communication Switching Laboratories 3-9-11, Midori-cho Musashino-shi Tokyo 180 JAPAN [email protected]
Lawrence Jackel AT&T Bell Laboratories, HO 40-433 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733 email: [email protected]
ArvindJain University of California at Berkley
Thomas John Southwestern Bell Technology Resources 550 Maryville Centre Dr. St Louis, MO 63141 email: [email protected]
H.P. Katseff AT&T Bell Laboratories 10 1 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
William R. Kirkland CRLRm205 McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario CANADA L8S 4Kl email: [email protected]
Dietmar Kunz Philips GmbH Forschungslaboratorien Postfach 1980 0-5100 Aachen GERMANY
Rosa Lanclni CEFRIEL, Via Emanueli 15 20126 Milano ITALY email: [email protected]
Y.LeCun AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Yeshwant K. Muthusamy Texas Instruments P.O. Box 655474 MS238 Dallas, TX 75265 email: [email protected]
C.R.Nohl AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Bernd ROber Philips GmbH Forschungslaboratorien Postfach 1980 0-5100 Aachen GERMANY
E. Sacklnger AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Daniel B. Schwartz Motorola, Inc.
xiii
Phoenix Central Research Laboratory -EL508 2100 E. Elliot Rd. Tempe AZ 85284 email: [email protected]
J.B. Shamilian AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
T. Shoemaker AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
C.E. Stenard AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
B.I. Strom AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
D.P. Taylor CRL Rm 205 McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario CANADA L8S 4Kl
R.nng AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Comer Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
xiv NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
P. Tran-Gia Institute of Computer Science University of Wuerzburg Am Hubland, D-87oo Wuerzburg GERMANY
T. Wood AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733
Ben Yuhas Bellcore, MRE 2E-330 445 South Street Morristown, NJ 07960 email: [email protected]
C.R. Zuraw AT&T Bell Laboratories 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel. NJ 07733
