Network Addressing

Tom Harper, Martell Maten, Robert Pohlman, Jarrod

Rotolo

Introduction

Internet Protocol and IPv4

• Internet Protocol relies on reading the IP Addresses of packets.

• IPv4 was the first major version of IP.

IPV4’s Failings

• Eventually, every last address in IPV4 was allocated.

• Something had to change in order to accommodate the rapidly growing internet.

IPv6 vs. IPv4 Address SpaceIPv6 vs. IPv4 Address Space

32 Bits long

128 Bits long

More on IPv6 AddressMore on IPv6 Address

• IPv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal

• The 128 bit address space offers a huge amount of addresses

• This large of an address block allows the designers to pack more information in a more organized way into the IP.

http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6AddressandAddressNotationandPrefixRepresentati.htm

Binary

Dotted DecimalHexadecima

l

Leading-Zero Suppressed

0 32 64Straight

Hex

96 128

Zero-compressed

Mixed Notation

Additional Advantages of IPv6

• Better for mobile users

• Stronger connection security

• Easier transfer of audio/video files

IPv6 Multicast AddressingIPv6 Multicast Addressing

• 3 Types of Addresses• Unicast• Broadcast• Multicast

• Multicast is build into IPv6 • Multicast is made up of groups.

Datagram StructureDatagram Structure

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/images/ipj/ipj_9-3/93_ipv6_fig1_lg.jpg

• IPv6 headers can hold more information because of the increased size of IPv6.

• Header was simplified since IPv4.• Can add extension headers for greater

flexibility

Hey, My

unique number is 100

Hey, My

unique number is 100

What?! I’m

confused!!

Unique IP Addresses

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)

Server Searches BOOTP Table for Matching IP ADDRESS and MAC ADDRESS

Ok, so here is your IP address, my IP address, my name, and the IP address of the default router.

BOOTP Server Sends IP ADDRESS and Other Requested Information

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

• Automated way of assigning an unique IP address

• Client Request from DHCP Server an “IP address to lease”

• Server receives request and sends offer to the client

• Client Responds to offer• DHCP server sends packet

acknowledging agreement

DHCP Server Leases IP Addresses from a Pool of IP Addresses

Client Requests an IP Address

Can I have an

IP address?

Server Sends Offer to the Client

Sure, I reserved an IP

address for you. You can use it for 18 hours. By the way, here is

my IP Address.

Client Responds to Offer

Thanks, I received

your offer and I accept

it

DHCP Server Sends Packet Acknowledging Agreement

No problem! Here is the information you need in

order to configure

your settings

APIPA: DHCP’s Support

• Support for DHCP • Acts as a backup when DHCP servers fail

APIPA And Addressing

• ARP: Address Resolution Protocol• The inner mechanics of APIPA.

Thank you for your time!