Nepal Industrial Development Digest 2009_MoI

8/9/2019 Nepal Industrial Development Digest 2009_MoI

1/116

pBf]u / ljsf;Te Nepalese Journal of Industry & Development

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Vol 5

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June, July 2009

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Issue 10

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No. 2

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pBf]u dGqfnol;+xb/af/, sf7df08f}Government of Nepal

Ministry of IndustrySinghadurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal


2/116

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Phone : 4211579/4211293

Fax : 977-1-4211619

Email : [email protected]

Website : http//www.moi.gov.np

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ljrf/xk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L n]vs :jo+df lglxt /xg]5 ._


3/116

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;xh ljZj;gLo jftfj0f ;[hgf ug]{tkm{ pBf]u dGqfno;bf rgfvf] xFb} cfPsf] 5

cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)$( n] lglb{i6 u]sf p2]Zo nIo xfl;n ug]{ uL ljleGg k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmdx;+rfng ul+b} cfOx]sf]df gjLg k4lt, dfGotf, l;4fGtPj+ cjwf0ffTds ljsf; tyf cGtf{li6o, If]qLo Pj+pkIf]qLo u7jGwg, lkIfLo jx'kIfLo ;lGw;Demf}tf,cflbn] NofPsf] kljt{gnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf]ultnfO{ cem tLj|t agfpFb} n}hfg] uL ;dofg's"n

kldfh{g u] tof kflPsf] gofF cf}Bf] lus gLlt jLs[tuL sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] clGtd tofL eOx]sf] 5To;} uL ljb]zL nufgLstf{, JolQm, ;+yf, sDkgL, jx'fli6osDkgL nufot u}x cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf] k"FhL ;d]tnfO{;xh, ;n kfbzL{ 9Fun] b]zleq leqofpg] ljZjf;sf]jftfj0f l;h{gf ug{ 5'}ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fgLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t tLj|tfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fOPsf]5

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pBf]u / ljsf;Te Nepalese Journal of Industry & Development


4/116

;sfLlghL ;xsfo{ ;fem]bfLdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] ultnfO{ ltj|tfsf ;fy cufl8a9fpFb} n}hfg' cfhsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL x]sf] 5 ljBdfg cjyfdf b]lvPsf] Joj;foL >ldsaLrdf pTkGg c;dembfL, phf{ ;+s6, aGb x8tfn c;'Iffsf] lyltn] pTkGg cljZjf;sf]jftfj0fnfO{ ljj]sk"0f{, s'zntfk"j{s b"b[li6 9+un] ;RofpFb} cg's"n cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f;[hgf ug{ klg plQs} h?L b]lvPsf] 5 cfd gfulsdf af}l4s ;DklQ -Intellectual Property_k|j4{g;DaGwL hgr]tgf clea[l4 uL cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ k|j4{g 6]8 dfs{ -rade Mark_, k]6]G6-Patent_, l8hfOg -Design_, k|ltlnlk clwsf -Copy Right_ cflb htf dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf ;d]thfgsfL lbnfpg cfjZos 5 Tot} pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj clea[l4 ub}{ n}hfg cf}Bf]lus ;Lk,Ifdtf, Joj;flostf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; ug'{ klg plQs} cfjZos b]lvG5 eg] pBf]uIf]qdf k|ltkwf{Tds jftfj0f l;h{gf ub}{ cfd pkef]Stfsf] lxt jtGqtf sfod ug]{ tkm{klg fHon] dxTjsf;fy sfo{ ug'{ klg TolQs} h?L 5

oL r'gf}tL Pj+ ;dofx ;dfwfg ub}{ cg's"n cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f lgdf{0f ug{ pBf]u dGqfno cGtu{t lgsfoxaf6 ljleGg sfo{qmdx ;+rfng x'Fb} cfPsf 5g s'g} g s'g} ?kdf cf}Bf]lusljsf;sf ;DaGwdf k|sfzgsf dfWodaf6} eP klg hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] p2]Zon]o; dGqfnoaf6 cw{ jflif{s ?kdf cf}Bf]lus klqsf k|sfzg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5

cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf lbzfdf ;d;fdlos n]v rgf, tYof, ;"rgfd"ns ;fdu|Lx k|sfzgsfdfWodaf6 cfd hgtfdf hfgsfL lbnfpg] tyf ;';'lrt ug]{ p2]Zon] ljutdf pBf]u emnssf]gfdn] k|sfzg x'Fb} cfOx]sf] o; klqsfnfO{ o; cFsb]lv pBf]u / ljsf; gfd kljt{g u]cfb0fLo kf7sju{;dIf k'ofpg] k|of; u]sf 5f}+ cf}Bf]lus If]q;Fu ;DaGw fVg'x'g] ljleGgljfgxsf] n]v rgfsf cnfjf ljleGg cf}Bf]lus ultljlw, ;"rgf, tYof nufotsf ljifojt'x ;d]6] k|sflzt o; klqsfn] kf7sxnfO{ k"0f{ 1fg ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5eGg t ;lsGg tyflk g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu gLltut Jojyf, pBf]u jftfj0faLrsf] ;DaGw, ;sfL ;+yfgxsf] pklylt logLxdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf, af}l4s ;DklQ o;sf] dxTj, cfof]hgf Jojyfkg, n3' pBd ljsf;, Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg, cf}Bf]uLs0f uLaL lgjf0f cflb htf ;d;fdlos ljifodf ;fdfGo hfgsfL k|bfg ug]{5 eGg]df xfdLljZjt 5f}+

ljfgxsf] n]v rgf ;dodf k|fKtx'g g;Sg', ljleGg JojyfksLo k|fljlws emd]nf cflbsfsf0f o; k|sfzgleq cg]sg sdLsdhf]L uNtL bf]xf]lPsf x'g ;S5g o;sf nflu xfdL;Dk"0f{ >4]o kf7sj[Gbxaf6 Ifdf kfpg]5f}+ eGg]df cfzfjfbL 5f}+ ;fy}, oxfFxaf6 eflj

lbgxdf xfdLn] ug'{kg]{ ;'wfsf nflu cd"No ;'emfj ;d]tsf] ck]Iff fv]sf 5f}+ oxfFxsf]jx'd"No ;'emfj k|lts[ofn] cfufdL lbgdf xfd|f sdLsdhf]Lx x6fpg pTk|]0ff k|fKt x'g] g}5 yf]} eP klg ;'wfsf] k|of; ug]{tkm{ nflu kg]{5f}+ eGg] c7f]6 ub{5f}+

cGtdf, o; klqsfsf nflu cfgf n]v rgf pknAw ufOlbg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljfg ju{, o;klqsfnfO{ k|sfzgof]Uo agfpg cfcfgf] If]qaf6 cd"No of]ubfg k'ofpg'x'g] kbflwsfLHo"x ;Dk"0f{ JolQmTjnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}+

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5/116

ljifo ;"rL

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!= g]kfndf cf}Bf] lus ljsf;sf nflu gLltut Joj:yf ! k|tfk s'df/ kf7s

@= af}l4s ;DklQ / g]kfnL cEof; !# ;Hhg a/ l;x yfkf

lztf]i0f ltlD;gf

#= cf}Bf] lus jftfj/0f Ps Joj:yf !& ofbj k|;fb sf]O/fnf

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%= g]kfndf lghLs/0fM ;d:of / ;dfwfg #^

rGb| axfb'/ sfsL{ ^= Micro-Enterprise Development Programme:

An Overview - Niranjan Baral $*- Dr. Laxman Pun

&= Industrialization and Poverty Reduction - Dr. Bhavani P. Dhungana ^) *= Industrial Project Management

- Dinesh Mani Ghimire &*

(= One Village One Product- Ganesh Shakya ()

!)= Ozone: Good in Stratosphere Bad in roposphere- Deepak Pudasainee (&

!!= pBf]u dGqfnosf] kl/ro !)#


6/116

Fiscal YearNo. of

Industriesotal Project

Costotal Fixed

Costotal No. ofEmployees

2054/55 2311 10441.4 81847.05 254005

2055/56 110 12546.50 9416.02 8882

2056/57 158 25958.36 21408.90 15290

2057/58 145 10766.61 8064.46 9165

2058/59 139 22661.64 18747.48 11741

2059/60 109 13203.46 8666.02 12877

2060/61 147 13290.41 10292.43 11687

2061/62 107 18003.13 13758.76 8490

2062/63 120 9527.85 7105.84 10398

2063/64 177 8123.68 5973.02 9232

2064/65 277 20126.36 15509.56 12844

Summary Sheet of Number of Industries Registered inDepartmeny of Industry

Source: Department of Industry

Fiscal YearPrivate

FirmPartnership P. Ltd otal

CapitalInvestmentRs. Karod

EmploymentNumber

Upto2054/55

424,667 2827 2132 47,426 974.254 440,940

2055/56 8789 684 533 10006 962.000 88973

2056/57 8889 549 685 10123 1035.000 79618

2057/58 8368 407 542 9317 732.000 67975

2058/59 8851 526 513 9890 772.000 65374

2059/60 6768 454 340 7562 591.000 47455

2060/61 5985 548 600 7133 611 44725

2061/62 6972 499 559 8030 1101 47695

2062/63 5864 372 1994 8230 670 39738

2063/64 7587 386 738 8711 782.6 54145

Cottage and Small Industries: Firm Registration

Source: Department of Cottage of Small Industries

(Million Rs.)


7/116

- 1 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfndfcf}Bf]lusljsf;sfnflugLltutJoj:yf

!= pBf]uM cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/

ahfsf] cfjZostf k"f ug{ tyf pkef]QmfnfO{ k|efljt kfg{sf

nflu cfjZos kg]{ at' ;]jf pTkfbg ug{sf nflu sRrf kbfy{,

1fg, rgfTds k|ltefnfO{ k|ljlw, tf}tlsf tyf Jojlyt

k|lqmofsf] pkof]uaf6 d"No clej[l4 ug]{ Jojlyt k|oTgnfO{

pBf]usf ?kdf JofVof ulPsf] 5 o; cGtut s'g} JolQm, kmd{

jf sDkgLn] cfo cfh{g ug]{ p2]Zo lnO{ jt' pTkfbg jf ;]jf

k|bfg ug]{ cfly{s lqmofsnfknfO{ g} cf}Bf]lus Joj;fosf ?kdf

lng ;lsG5 pBf]u d'n'sdf ulaL lgjf0f Pj+ cfly{s ljsf;sf]

g} cfwf xf] pBf]un] g} jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL cfsif{0f uL k"+hL lgdf{0fdf ;3fp+5,

f]hufL ;[hgf d"No clej[l4 ub{5, yfgLo dfu adf]lhd at' ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ ub{5,

cGtf{li6o ahfdf lgof{tsf nflu at' ;]jf pTkfbg ub{5, d'n'ssf] cy{tGqdf ljQLo

tyf u}ljQLo ?kdf of]ubfg ub{5, cfly{s yfloTj ;Gt'lnt ljsf;df d2t ub{5, k|ljlw

tyf hgzlQmsf] ljsf; ub{5, ;dfhdf cf}Bf]lus tyf pBdzLntfsf] ;+s[ltsf] ;Dj4{g

ub{5 bLuf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] g} cy{Jojyfsf] k|ltkwf{Tdstf, cfly{s j[l4sf] ;+efjgf,

;xsfo{ ;fem]bfLsf] k|j4{g Pj+ nufgLsf] cj;sf] Jofkstf ;d]6]sf] x'G5

ljZjJofkLs0fsf] k|efjj?k ljZj cfly{s ahfdf 1fg k|ljlwsf] tLa| k|jfx k|;f,

a9bf] k"+hL k|jfx, cGtf{li6o Jofkfsf] gjLg k|j[lQ, ljZj Jofkf ;Fu7gsf dfGotf

l;4fGt, lkIfLo, If]qLo tyf ax'kIfLo Jofkf tyf nufgL ;Demf}tf, cflbn] ljsf;f]Gd'v

d'n'ssf nflu gofF gofF cj; tyf r'gf}tL k}bf u]sf] 5 ;fy} pTkfbsTj u'0ffTdstfsf

nflu k|ltkwf{Tds Ifdtf ljsf;tkm{ a9bf] pGd'vtf, cfly{s pbfLs0f ahf ;+oGqdf

cfwflt cy{tGqsf] ljsf;, cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g yfkgfsf nflu fHosf] k|ltj4tf, ;sfLlghL ;xsfo{ ;fem]bfL k4ltsf] cg'z0f, ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, cflbsf sf0f cGtf{li6o,

If]qLo tyf fli6otdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] bfof kmflsnf] kfg{ dfu{ k|zt ePsf] 5

k|tfk s'df/ kf7s

* ;lrj, pBf]u dGqfno


8/116

- 2 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

@= g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;M r'gf}tL / ;Defjgfg]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus jftfj0fsf] d"NofFsg ubf{ 0fgLltut, ;+rgfut, sfo{k|0ffnLut,

dgf]Jojxfls Pj+ jftfj0fLo ;a} kIfdf r'gf}tL ;dof x]sf] kfOG5 d'n'ssf] ef}uf]lns

cjlylt, e"wftnLo jgf}6, pBf]u ;~rfngsf] nflu c;xh jftfj0f, bIf hgzlQmsf]

cefj, k|ltkwL{ ?kdf k|ljlw u|x0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] sdL, Go"g pTkfbg Ifdtf lgof{tof]Uo

jt'xsf] ljljwLs0fdf sdL, sdhf] cfk"lt{ lylt htf kIfx g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus

ljsf;df ;dofsf ?kdf x]sf 5g cf}Bf]lus ljsf; k|ltkwf{Tdstfsf nflu gLltut

Jojyf ;Ifd ;+oGqsf] cefj, fhgLlts clytf nfdf] ;Fqmd0f Pj+ cf}Bf]lus b[li6n]

c;xh zflGt ;'Iffsf] cjyf, cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;gsf] sdL, d'n'ssf] s[lif, vlgh tyfko{6sLo ;DefjgfnfO{ cf}Bf]lus Jojyfkg k|ljlwsf] pkof]u uL k|ltkwL{ t'Nofpg

g;lsPsf], cf}Bf]lus hgzlQm, pBdzLntf, ;xhLs0f ;+sfsf] cefj, sdhf] tyf Go"g

>d pTkfbsTj cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwsf] h6Ln cjyfsf sf0f pTkfbsTj >d clwsfaLr

tfnd]nsf] sdL, cf}Bf]lus k|j4{gsf nflu sfg'gL h6Lntf, c;Ful7t If]qsf] jfx'Notf,

cg';Gwfg ljsf;df nufgL gx'g', sdhf] cfly{s s"6gLlt ljZj cf}Bf]lus ahfdf

g]kfnsf] sdhf] ;xeflutf, lghL If]qsf] JojyfksLo sdhf]L, d"No clej[l4 f]hufL

;[hgf eGbf JofkfpGd'v cf}Bf]lus Joj;fosf] afx'Notf, v'nf l;dfgf tsLtGqsf]

bjfjsf sf0f cf}Bf]lus lqmofsnfkdf gsffTds c;, a}b]lzs nufgLsf] ;+If0f k|j4{gsf nflu sfg'gL, ;+yfut Pj+ k|lqmofut sldsdhf]L, ?U0f pBf]usf] ;+VofTds tyf

u'0ffTds a9f]QL, cflb d'Vo r'gf}tLsf ?kdf x]sf 5g

g]kfnsf ljsf; of]hgfxn] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu k|bfg u]sf] k|fyldstf, ;dli6ut

cfly{s gLltdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ yfg, v'nf ahf pbf cy{gLlt, ljZjJofkf

;Fu7g nufot jx'kIfLo, If]qLo tyf lkIfLo cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkfls ;lGw ;Demf}tf,

lghL If]qsf] ljsf; ;lqmotf, l5d]sL d'n'sxdf ePsf cfly{s tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;,

;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; k|ljlw xtfGt0fsf] tLj|tf, fli6o tyf cGtf{li6o kF"hLahfsf]

ultzLntf, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf nufgLsf nflu a9bf] cfsif{0f Pj+ n3' tyf 3]n' pBf]usf]

ljsf; tyf ;+nUgtfsf nflu yfgLo ;d'bfosf] a9bf] ;lqmotfn] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;

k|j4{gsf nflu Jofks ;Defjgf k|bfg u]sf] 5

@= cf}Bf]lus gLlt eg]sf] s] xf] d ljb]zL ahfdf cfslif{t x'g', g]kfndf Jojyfkg b]lv >lds tx;Dd bIf

hgzlQmsf] cefj a9b} hfg', fli6o pTkfbgdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] of]ubfg sd x'+b} hfg'htf sf0fsf k5f8L cf}Bf]lus gLltsf sdhf]Lsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 To;y{ lghL tyf

Jofj;flos If]qnfO{ fli6o lxtsf] ;Dj4{g ;fdflhs pQbfloTj axg ug{ clek|]lt ug]{

tyf ;Ifd t'Nofpg] bfloTj jxg ug{ ;d]t gLltut ;jntf h?L x'G5

$= cf}Bf]lus gLltsf ljleGg b[li6sf]0f / d"ne"t dfGotf M

gjpbf/jfbL b[li6sf]0f(Neoliberal Approach)d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus gLltn] v'nf ahf, jfoQtf jtGqtf, lghL If]qsf] ljsf;, nufgLsf

nflu k|f]T;fxg, lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu gLltut ;xhLs0fhtf dfGotf o; b[li6sf]0fn]fv]sf] x'G5 ljZj Jofkf ;Fu7gn] k|ltkfbg u]sf cfwfe"t l;4fGtnfO{ o; b[li6sf]0fn]

cFlusf u]sf] x'G5 h;n] ahf cfkm}df ;Ifd bIf x'G5, ahf ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ;+rfngdf

;+nUg ;+yfx k|efjsfL x'G5g, JojyfksLo k|ljlwut k|ltkwf{sf] ultzLntf sfod

x'G5, fhgLlts k|zf;lgs ;+oGqx sd k|efjsfL x'G5g eGg] cjwf0ffut cfwf o;

b[li6sf]0fsf] x]sf] x'G5


11/116

- 5 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

;+/rgfjfbL b[li6sf]0f(Structuralist Approach)d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f lgdf{0f tyf k|j4{gsf nflu ahfnfO{ k|ltkwL{ ultzLn

t'Nofpgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|ltkwf{Tds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ fhgLlts k|zf;lgs

;+oGqsf] pkfb]otf uxg x'G5 eGg] dfGotf o; b[li6sf]0fsf] x]sf] x'G5 vf;uL ljsf;f]Gd'v

d'n'sdf cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ ahf ;+oGqn] lhDd]jfL hjfkmb]xLk"j{s ;+rfng ug{ g;Sg]

x'+bf ;sfsf] ;lqmo lqmofzLn ;+yfut ;xeflutf cfjZos kb{5 o;} ;Gbe{df Psk|ltj]bgn] eg]sf] 5M "Markets are powerful forces but they are not perfect; the institutionsneeded to make them work effi ciently are often weak or absent. Government interventions are

needed to improve on market outcomes." (Sanjaya Lall: "Reinventing Industrial Strategy: Te

Role of Government Policy in Building Industrial Competitiveness", September 2003, p.2.)

%= cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] /0fgLlts dgzfo(Strategic Intent) :

%=! g]kfnsf] gofF cf}Bf]lus gLltn] cfkmgf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r nIosf ?kdf kmflsnf]

cf}Bf]lus cfwfsf] ljsf;, ;'lIft ekbf]{ nufgL yn, Jofks ;xsfo{ cf}Bf]lus;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus Ifdtf xfl;n uL fli6o cy{tGqdf ultnf] tyf

k|efjsfL of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] cGtf{li6o If]qdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ yfg cf]u6g ;Ifd

t'Nofpg] 0fgLlts dgzfo fVg' cfjZos x'G5

The neoliberal approach has strong theoretical premises: markets are 'e cient', the

institutions needed to make markets work exist and are eective, and if there aredeviations from optimality they cannot be remedied eectively by governments.

The premises are a mixture of theoretical, empirical and political assumptions. Their

theoretical core relies, among other things, on a restrictive view of the technological

basis of competitiveness. The empirical one relies on a particular interpretation of

the experience of the most successful industrializing economies, the 'Tigers' of East

Asia. The political element - that governments are necessarily and universally less

e cient than markets - has less to do with economies than with ideology.

Sanjaya Lall: "Reinventing Industrial Strategy: The Role of Government Policy in BuildingIndustrial Competitiveness", September 2003, p.2.)


12/116

- 6 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

%=@ To;}uL g]kfndf Nofpg nfluPsf] cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g ljsf;sf] gLltut Jojyfn]b]xfosf p2]ZonfO{ cfkmgf] sfo{nIo (Mission) sf ?kdf cfTd;ft uL cl3 a9g' kg]{

b]lvG5 M

-s_ u'0ftLo cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg Pjd pTkfbsTj clej[l4af6 fli6o cfo tyf f]hufL

a9fpg]

-v_ nufgLsf] ;jn, ;Ifd ekbf]{ cfwf v8f uL g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s ;'lIft

nufgLynsf] ?kdf yflkt ug]{

-u_ yfgLo ;|f]t, ;Lk, ;fwg k|ljlwsf] klrfng uL ;Gt'lnt If]qLo ljsf;df

of]ubfg k'ofpg]

-3_ gjLgtd k|ljlw Pjdjftfj0f d}qL pTkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ k|of]u uL pBf]u Joj;fonfO{

lbuf] Pjd ekbf]{ If]qsf] ?kdf yflkt ug]{

-_ af}ls ;DklQ clwsfsf] ;+If0f ug]{

-r_ pTkfbgzLn, bIf Jojyfkgo'Qm hgzlQmsf] ljsf; uL cf}Bf]lus ;+sfo'Qm

;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{

%=# gofF cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] pknJwLnfO{ ;fy{s kl0ffdd'vL t'Nofpgsf nflu gLltn]

cfkmgf] kl0ffdfTds nIo (Quantifiable argets) sfod ug'{ h?L x'G5 o;sf nflu

fli6o pTkfbgdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] of]ubfg, k"+hL nufgL, f]hufL ;[hgf, lgof{t a[l4nfO{kldf0ffTds nIosf] cfwf agfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 h;n] ubf{ gLltsf] cg'udg d"Nof+sg

sfo{nfO{ p2]Zoks agfpg ;lsG5

%=$ cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] 0fgLlts dgzfo, p2]Zo kldf0ffTds nIo xfl;n ug{sf nflu

gLltn] nufgLsf] cfsif{0f a9fpg], pBf]u If]qnfO{ f]hufLsf] k|d'v cfwfsf ?kdf

yflkt ug]{, gLlt sfof{Gjog tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ;+yfut Jojyf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg],

cf}Bf]lus ;'ljwf ;x'lnot k|bfg ug]{, ljz]if cfly{s If]q cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfsf] ljsf;

ug]{, cf}Bf]lus JojyfkgnfO{ ;n, ;xh, kfbzL{ pQbfoL t'Nofpg], fli6o dxTjsfpBf]usf] ;+If0f k|j4{g ug]{, ?U0f pBf]usf] k'gyf{kg ug]{, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbsTj

clej[l4 ug]{, >d pTkfbsTj a[l4uL dof{lbt cf}Bf]lus ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug]{, cf}Bf]lus

;DklQsf] ;+If0f pkof]u ug]{, ;xsfo{ ;fem]bfLnfO{ Jofkstf k|bfg ug]{, t'ngfTds

nfe k|ltkwf{Tds kmfObfsf If]qsf] ljsf; ug]{, n3' tyf 3]n' pBdsf] ljsf;uL

;dfj]zL cf}Bf]uLs0fnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] htf sfo{gLltut k|ltj4tf ki6 ug{' cfjZos

b]lvPsf] 5


13/116

- 7 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

^= gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu pko'Qm ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf M^=!gLltdf plNnlvt cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g ljsf;;DaGwL nIo p2]ZonfO{ aftljs ?kdf

sfof{Gjogdf ptfg{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+yfut ;+rgf cfjZos x'G5 M

-s_ nufgL af]8{sf] Joj:yfM pBf]usf] yfkgf ;+rfngdf ulg] dxTjk"0f{ nufgLnfO{

plrt ;+If0f lbg], ;]jf ;x'lnot tyf ;a} k|sfsf ;]jf Ps} ynf]af6 k|bfg ug]{,

;dofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{, nufgLstf{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] lhDd]jfL hjfkmb]xL axg

ug{;Sg] pRr clwsf;DkGg, jfoQ, Jofj;flos ?kn] ;Ifd ;xeflutfd"ns

;+yfut Jojyf ljz]if sfg'gaf6} ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 h;af6 ljZjfzof]Uo

sfo{d"ns jftfj0fsf] lgdf{0f x'G5

-v_cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g af]8{M cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;di6Lut k|j4{g, ljsf; ;xhLs0fsf

nflu ;f]sfjfnfsf] ;fy{s ;xeflutf xg] uL ;dGjo ;fdGho sfod

ug{, ;dofsf] ;dfwfg ug{, ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] JojyfkgnfO{ bIf t'Nofpg, dof{lbt

cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug{, gLltut ;'wfsf nflu ;'emfj l;kmflz ug{, cf}Bf]lus

nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg, cg'udg d"Nof+sg ug{ ljz]if sfg'gsf cfwfdf Ps

pRrtLo sfo{d"ns ;+rgfsf ?kdf cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g af]8{sf] cfjZostf

dxz"z ulPsf] 5

-u_ ljz]if cfly{s If]q Joj:yfkg k|flws/0fM lgof{thGo pBf]uxsf] yfkgf, ;+rfng

ljsf;sf nflu PsLs[t ?kdf u'0ffTds ;]jf ;'ljwf pknJw ufpg k"jf{wfsf]

ljsf; uL clwstd pkof]u ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;Ifd ?kdf Jojyfkg ug]{ lhDd]jfL

Ifdtf;lxtsf] clwsf;DkGg ljz]if cfly{s If]q Jojyfkg k|flws0fsf] Jojyf

gLltsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf ?kdf ;dfj]z ug'{ h?L b]lvPsf] 5

-3_ cf}Bf] lus pTkfbsTj ljsf; s]Gb|M cg';Gwfg, kfdz{, k|lzIf0f tyf pTkfbsTj

clej[l4;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ uL Jofj;flos Ifdtf ;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbsTj

ljsf; s]Gb|sf] yfkgf uL cf}Bf]lus ljsf; k|j4{gdf o;sf] e"ldsfnfO{

k|efjsfL jgfO{ gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf Nofpg' cfjZos 5

-_ cf}Bf] lus If]q Joj:yfkg tyf cf}Bf] lus k"jf{wf/ ljsf; k|flws/0fM cf}Bf]lus

If]qxsf] tf]Gglt ug]{, ;+efJo If]qdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf; ug]{, k|efjsfL


14/116

- 8 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

?kdf cf}Bf]lus If]qxsf] Jojyfkg ug]{ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;Ifd clwsf;DkGg lgsfosf ?kdf o; k|flws0fsf] lqmofzLntf h?L b]lvG5

-r_ u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n k|flws/0fM pkef]Qmfsf] xslxt ;+If0f u'0fto'Qm at'

;]jfsf] pTkfbgsf] u'0ftsf] tLs0f cg'udg, lgof{thGo pBf]usf pTkfbgsf]

u'0ftk|df0fLs0f, k|ljlwsf] ljsf; k|of]uzfnfsf] ;'b[9Ls[t ;+rfngsf nflu

;Ifd jfoQ tyf clwsf;DkGg lgsfosf] cfjZostf x]sf] klk|]Iodf ljBdfg

g]kfn u'0ft tyf gfktf}n ljefusf] ;+yfut ?kfGt0f uL k|flws0fsf ?kdf

ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5

-5_ pBf]u ljefuM sfg'g adf]lhd pBf]uxsf] k|zf;sLo Jojyfkg, ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf

;x'lnotsf] k|efjsfL pknJwL, pBf]usf] yfkgf ;+rfng;DaGwL ;xhLs0f

PsLs[t ;]jf k|jfx, aftfj0f kLIf0f ;]jf, cflb k|bfg ug]{ ;Ifd ljefuLo

lgsfosf ?kdf xfnsf] pBf]u ljefu 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefunfO{ PsLs0f

uL Pp6} ljefusf ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ Jojyf ug{ plrt b]lvG5

-h_ ?U0f pBf]u ;+/If0f tyf k'g?Tyfg ;ldltM ?U0f pBf]usf] klxrfg, lgbfg

k'g?Tyfgsf sfo{ of]hgfj4 Jojlyt ?kdf ;+rfng ug{, ;dGjo ;fdGhosfod ug{ ljsf;fTds lgsfosf ?kdf ?U0f pBf]u ;+If0f tyf k'g?Tyfg ;ldltsf]

Jojyf gLltsf] cleGg cFusf ?kdf xg' h?L 5

-em_ af} l4s ;DklQ k|j4{g kl/ifbM af}ls ;DklQsf] clwsf ;DaGwL ;du| ljwfnfO{

;d]6L af}ls ;DklQ klifb yfkgf ulg] af}ls ;DklQ clwsfsf] k|j4{g

k|efjsfL ;+If0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{ o; klifbnfO{ ;lqmo t'NofOg] s'f gLltdf

;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

-`_ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fgM pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; sfo{df ;+nUg ;sfL

tyf lghL If]qsf ;+3 ;+yfxsf] hgzlQm ljsf; ug{ ljleGg k|sfsf k|lzIfssf]

k|lzIf0f, Jojyfkg kfdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;Ifd Jofj;flos lgsfosf ?kdf

o; k|lti7fgsf] Jojyf gLltn] ug'{ cfjZos 5


15/116

- 9 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

-6_ sDkgL /lhi6f/sf] sfof{noM Jofj;flos tyf u}Jofj;flossDkgLxsf] k|zf;sLoJojyfkg sDkgL sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsfL ?kdf ug{ Jojlyt ;Ifd

lgsfosf ?kdf sDkgL lhi6fsf] sfof{nonfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg' h?L 5

-7_ vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefuM vlghhGo tyf ef}ule{s ;|f]tsf] klxrfg, cGj]if0f, pTvgg,

pkof]u, ;+If0f ljsf;sf nflu sfg'gL tyf k|zf;lgs ?kdf ;Ifd lgsfosf

?kdf o; ljefusf] cltTj ;lqmotfsf] ck]Iff gLltn] ug'{ cfjZos 5

-8_ n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g af]8{M fli6otb]lv yfgLot;Dd

;xeflutfTds ljs]lGb|t tlsfn] n3', 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u Joj;fosf] k|j4{g,

ljsf; ljtfsf] nflu clwsf;DkGg jfoQ lgsfosf ?kdf xfn 3]n' tyf

;fgf pBf]u ljefuaf6 x'+b} cfPsf] pBf]u k|j4{g ljsf;sf sfo{;d]tnfO{ PsLs[t

uL ljBdfg 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ tf]Ggt ;'b[9 lgsfosf

?kdf n3', 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g af]8{sf] ;+rgf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg]{

b]lvG5

-9_ Psn laGb' cf}Bf]lus ;]jf s]Gb|M sfg'gff k|bQ ;'ljwf, ;x'lnot tyf k"jf{wf ;]jf

;dod} lagf eGem6 Ps} ynf]af6 pBf]u k|lti7fg tyf nufgLstf{nfO{ Ps} 7fp+af6pknAw ufpg Jofj;flos ?kn] ;Ifd ;fwg;|f]to'Qm Psn laGb" ;]jf s]Gb|sf]

yfkgf ;+rfngn] g} cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g ;'lglZrt ub{5 gLltnfO{ ekbf]{

sfof{Gjogo'Qm t'Nofp+b5

-r_cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff jnM cf}Bf]lus If]q, cf}Bf]lus sl8f] tyf dxTjk"0f{ cf}Bf]lus tyf

Jofj;flos k|lti7fgxsf] ljz]ifLs[t ;'Iffsf nflu bIf, k|lzlIft, pRrdgf]jno'Qm

Jofj;flos ;Ifdtf;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus ;'Iff jnsf] Jojyf 5'66} sfg'gsf

cfwfdf yfkgf ;+rfng uL pBf]u If]qnfO{ ;'lIft ;+lIft t'Nofpg' cfjZosb]lvPsf] 5

^=@ pBf]usf] juL{s/0f / ;]jf ;'ljwf

-s_ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fonfO{ pBf]usf] k|s[ltsf cfwfdf s[lif tyf jg k}bfdf cfwflt

pBf]u, pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, lgsf;Ld"ns pBf]u, phf{d"ns pBf]u, vfgLhGo


16/116

- 10 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

pBf]u, ko{6g pBf]u, lgdf{0f pBf]u, ;"rgf tyf ;+rf k|ljlw pBf]u, ;]jf pBf]usf?kdf juL{s0f gLltdf ulPdf pBf]usf cfwfdf ;]jf ;'ljwf Jojyfkg tyf

;xhLs0fdf ki6tf pko'Qmtf xfl;n x'g] b]lvG5

-v_ nufgLsf cfwfdf ;d]t pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ juL{s0f ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 o;

cGtut n3' pBd, kDkfut 3]n' pBf]u, xtsnf pBf]u, ;fgf pBf]u, demf}nf

pBf]u 7"nf pBf]usf ?kdf juL{s0f plrt b]lvG5

-u_ fli6o dxTj cfjZostfsf pBf]u, d'n'sn] ljz]if ;+If0f ug'{kg]{ pBf]u, b'u{d

cljsl;t If]qdf yfkgf x'g] pBf]u, t'ngfTds nfe k|ltkwf{Tds kmfObf

x'g] pBf]u, a9L f]hufL k|bfg ug]{ pBf]u, yfgLo k|ljlw ;Lk tyf ;|f]t ;fwg

pkof]u x'g] pBf]unfO{ fli6o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]usf ?kdf dfGotf lbO{ ljz]if

;'ljwf ;x'lnot pknJw ufpg] gLltut Jojyf cfjZos x'G5

-3_ ;'Iff, hgjfYo tyf jftfj0fdf k|lts"n c; kfg]{ pBf]usf] yfkgf] yfkgf,

ljtf ljljwLs0f tyf cfw'lgsLs0f ug{sf] nflu cg'dlt lng'kg]{ pBf]uxsf]

juL{s0f ;d]t gLltn] lgwf{0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5

-_ cf}Bf]lus nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{, pBf]unfO{ k|ltkwf{Tds ?kdf ;+rfng ug{

;3fpg, f]hufL lbg] pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbsTj clej[l4 ug{

fli6o cy{tGqdf cf}Bf]lus of]ubfg ;fy{s ?kdf a9fpgsf nflu pbf, pko'Qm

cf}lrTok"0f{ ?kdf cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g ;'ljwf ;x'lnotsf] Jojyf gLltn] ug'{ h?L

5 o; cGtut ;a} pBf]u Joj;fodf lglZrt cjlwsf nflu s, eG;f

d"No clej[l4 sdf 5"6, k"+hLsf] pknJwtfdf ;xhtf Jofhbdf ;x'lnot,

;x'lnoto'Qm bdf kfgL ljh'nLsf] cfk"lt{, ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf yflkt pBf]u

lgof{thGo pTkfbgdf ljz]if ;x'lnot, f]hufLsf] ;+Vofsf cfwfdf ljz]ifk|f]T;fxg, fli6o k|fyldstf k|fKt tyf cljsl;t If]qdf yflkt pBf]unfO{ ljz]if

;'ljwf ;x'lnot, ?U0f pBf]usf] ;+If0f k'g?Tyfgsf nflu ljQLo tyf u}ljQLo

;x'lnot, yfgLo ;d'bfodf cfocfh{g tyf jf]hufL a[l4 ug]{ pBf]usf nflu

hgzlQm tyf pBdzLntf ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd ;xof]usf] Jojyf, cflb

;'ljwf ;x'lnot pBf]u k|j4{gsf nflu cfjZos b]lvG5 To;}uL ljZjahfdf


17/116

- 11 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

k|ltkwf{ ug{ ;lqmo pBf]unfO{ ahf k|j4{gsf nflu ljz]if ;xof]u ;'ljwf k|bfgug'{ klg plQs} cfjZos 5 gLltdf plNnlvt ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot kl5 aGg] tyf

;+zf]wg ulg] sfg'gn] ;Fs'rg gug]{ k|ltj4tf k|Tofe"lt;d]t gLltn] ug'{ kb{5

^=# pBf]usf] k|j4{g / ljsf;sf nflu ljifout sf]ifsf] Joj:yfM pBf]usf] k|j4{gsf nflu

;fwg;|f]tsf] ;xh ;n pknJwL Pj+ ;f] sf] jfoQ Pj+ ;xeflutfTds Jojyfkgsf

nflu b]xfosf fli6otsf sf]ifsf] Jojyf gLltdf ;dfj]z ug'{ cfjZos 5M

-s_ n3', 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBd ljsf; sf]if

-v_ ljz]if cfly{s If]q ljsf; sf]if-u_ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wf ljsf; sf]if

-3_ k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if

-_ ?U0f pBf]u ;+If0f tyf k'g?Tyfg sf]if

-r_ nufgL k|j4{g sf]if

&= cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+:yfut Joj:yf M

cf}Bf]lus gLltsf 0fgLlts dgzfo p2]Zodf cGtlglxt pknJwL xfl;n ug{sf

nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjogsf] ;+oGqsf] Ifdtf ljsf; klrfng, sfo{qmd ;fwg ;|f]t Jojyfkg uL glthf k|fKt ug{ ulg] ;+of]lht ;dGjofTds k|oTgnfO{ g}

gLltsf] sfof{Gjog xf] gLltsf] k|efjsfL sfof{Gjogsf nflu b]xfosf cfwfe"t zt{

k"f ug'{ h?L x'G5 M

-s_ gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;jn / ;xof]uL jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f (Enabling

Environment)M fhgLlts k|ltj4tf ;dy{gefj Pj+ fhgLlts Ifdtf, gLltsf

jf]df Jofks ;+rf, ;r]tgf lzIff, gLltsf] klkfngfsf nflu Jofks ;dy{gsf]

cjyfn] g} gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;jntf cg's"ntf k|Tofe"t ub{5

-v_ gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|efjsf/L ;+:yfut Joj:yf (Effective Institutional

Arrangement)M gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu ki6 sfo{of]hgf, pko'Qm sfg'gL Jojyf,

clwsf;DkGg Jofj;flos ;Ifdf;lxtsf] ;+yfut Jojyf, ljsf; sfo{qmd

kof{Kt ah]6, bIf hgzlQm, cf}Bf]lus ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu k|efjsfL sfo{ljlw


18/116

- 12 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

Jojyfkg k4lt, Jofj;flos ?kn] bIf tyf pTk|]lt hgzlQm, htf Jojyfn]gLltnfO{ ;xh glthfd"ns sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofp+b5

-u_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Jofks / cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfgLltsf] k|efjsfL sfof{Gjogsf nflu

cfjZos x'G5

-3_ k|efjsf/L cg'udg Joj:yf (Effective Monitoring)M gLltsf] sfof{GjognfO{

u'0ffTds, sfo{d"ns dfkgof]Uo sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwflt t'Nofpgsf nflu gLltsf]

pknJwL;DaGwL ;"rgf hfgsfL xfl;n ug]{, sfof{Gjogsf ;dofsf] klxrfg

;dfwfg ug]{, gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg lgsfo sd{rfLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg],

;'wffTds pkfo cjnDjg ug]{ sfo{sf nflu gLltsf] k|efjsfL cg'udg cfjZos

x'G5

To;}uL cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] k|efjsfL sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg sfo{d"ns 9f+rf (Operating

Models)nfO{ cfTd;ft ug'{ h?L x'G5 Totf 9f+rfxdf cf}Bf]lus gLltnfO{ ;du| k|0ffnLdf

Psfsf uL sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg] h;nfO{ k|0ffnL Jojyfkgsf} 9f+rf (System Management

Model) elgG5 To;}uL d"nk|jfxLs0fsf] 9f+rf (Mainstreaming Model) h;n] cf}Bf]lus

gLltdf ;dfj]z ePsf gLlt tyf sfo{gLltnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;a} lgsfon] nfu" ug]{uL cfkmgf of]hgf, sfo{k|0ffnL, ;+yfut Jojyf dgf]Jojxfls k|0ffnLdf ;+yfut ug'{kg]{

x'G5 Tot} gLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf cfOkg]{ cjf]w, ljjfb, HnfO{ ;Djfb, jftf{ ;xsfo{sf

cfwfdf ;dfwfg uL gLltsf] sfof{GjognfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg ;Sg'kb{5 h;nfO{ H ;Djfb

;xdltsf] 9f+rf (Conflict-dialogue-negotiation Model) sf ?kdf k|t't ug{ ;lsG5

gLltsf] k|efjsfL sfof{Gjogsf nflu csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] ;Fu7gfTds Ifdtf ljsf;

h;n] sfof{GjognfO{ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5, ;fwg;|f]tsf] klrfng ub{5, ;dofsf]

;dfwfg ub{5 ;'wf;lxt cuf8L a9b5 o;nfO{ ;Fu7g ljsf;sf] 9f+rf (Organization

Development Model) elgG5


19/116

- 13 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

af}l4s;DklQ / g]kfnL cEof;;Hhg a l;x+ yfkf

lztf]i0f ltlD;gf

!= kl/ro M

af} l4s ;DklQ (Intellectual Property) M ;fdfGo cy{df dflg;n] cfkmgf] a'l4, ljj]s

1fg k|of]u u] ;[hgf u]sf] rgfTds ;DklQnfO{ af}l4s ;DklQ eGg] uLG5 af}l4s

;DklQ dflg;sf] af}l4s l;h{gfTds sfo{ ePsf] a'l4, ljj]s tyf 1fg k|of]u u] ;[hgf

u]sf] ;DklQ ePsf]n] o;nfO{ s'g} ef}lts rn crn ;DklQ gegL af}l4s ;DklQ gfdfs0fuLPsf] xf] o; leq dflg;sf gofFgofF cfljisf, rgf, sNkgf snfTds sfo{x

nufot dflg;n] ;[hgf u]sf gofF tyf ljlzi7 gfd OToflb kb{5g World Intellectual

Property Organization (WIPO) n] af}l4s ;DklQ leq lgDg s'fx klg kb{5g elg

JofVof u]sf] 5 h;dWo]Literary artistic and scientific works, Scientific Discoveries,

trademarks, service mark, symbols and commercial name and designers Industrial

Designs invention cflb kb{5g

af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/(Intellectual Property Rights)

M af}l4s ;[hgf u] jfkt fHon]To; ;[hgf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbg] clwsfnfO{ af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf elgG5 o; clwsf

cGtu{t ;[hgf ug]{ JolQmn] cfkmgf] ;[hgfsf] jtGqtfk"j{s s'g} klg afwf cjf]w ljgf 9'Ss

eP ef]u rng ljqmL ljt0f tyf k|sfzg ug{ kfpFb5 eg] cGo t]>f] kIfn] ;[hgf ug]{

JolQmsf] cg'dlt ljgf Tosf] k|of]u, ljqmL e08f s]xLklg ug{ kfpb}g cfw'lgs ljZjdf

ePsf] af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL Jojyf To;nfO{ k|fKt sfg'gL ;+If0fn] ;du| fi6sf] cfly{s,

k|fljlws ;fFs[lts ljsf; dfq xf]Og ls cGtf{li6o Jofkf Joj;fonfO{ ;d]t bLuf] 6]jf

k'ofpg ;Sg] x'Fbf af}l4s ;DklQnfO{ ljsf;sf] Pp6f kf6f]sf] ?kdf lng] uLG5 af}l4s

;DklQn] u]sf gofFgofF cfljisfxsf sf0f g} ljZjdf cfh eOx]sf]] pGglt ;Da[l4

;Dej ePsf] eGbf clt;of]lSt gxf]nf


20/116

- 14 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

af}l4s ;DklQsf] k|sf/(Categories of Intellectual Property) M af}l4s ;DklQsfb'O{ kIf 5g

!= cf}wf]lus ;DklQ (Industrial Property)

@= k|ltlnlk clwsf(Copyright)

cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ leq k]6]06, 6]8dfs{, l8hfog ef}uf]lns pTklQsf] lrGx cflb kb{5g

k|ltlnlk clwsf leq ;flxlTos sfo{ syf, sljtf, gf6s pkGof;, ;FuLt, ;fFuLlts

sfo{ k]lG6, kmf]6f]u|flkm sDKo'6, ;6j]o l8hfOgx tYff snfsfn] u]sf] k|t'lt cflb

kb{5g

@= af} l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0f (Protection of Intellectual Property) M g]kfnsf]

jt{dfg sfg'gL Jojyf cGtu{t k|ltlnlk clwsf ;DaGwL Jojyf k|ltlnlk clwsf ;DaGwL

P]g, @)%( cGo cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ ;DaGwL clwsfxsf] Jojyf k]6]G6, l8hfog, 6]8dfs{

;DaGwL P]g, @)@@ -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ df uLPsf] 5 pNn]lvt b'O{j6f 5'f 5'} P]gn] g]kfnsf]

af}l4s ;DklQsf] ljifojt'nfO{ ;d]6]sf 5g af}l4s ;DklQ clwsfxsf] pNn]v ;+o'Qm

fi6 ;+3ff k|ltkflbt dfgj clwsfsf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff !($* sf] wff @& df klg

uLPsf] 5 af}l4s ;DklQ cGtu{tsf cGtf{li6o sGe]G;gxdf ;g !**# sf] k]l;sGe]G;g cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ ;+If0fdf s]lGb|t 5 eg] ;g !**^ sf] jg{ sGe]G;g k|ltlnlk

clwsfsf] Iff ;+If0fdf s]lGb|t 5 pNn]lvt b'j} sGe]G;gxnfO{ Jojyfkg lgoldt

ug]{ sfo{WIPO n] ub{5

af}l4s ;DdlQ leqsf] k]6]G6, l8hfOg, 6]8dfs{ ef}uf]lns pTklQsf] lrGxsf] ;DaGwdf oxfF

;If]kdf rrf{ uLPsf] 5

O k]6]G6(Patent) M s'g} pTkfbg Tof] agfpg] k|s[of cGtu{t gofF cfljisfnfO{ lbOg]

clwsf k]6]G6 clwsf xf] k]6]G6 clwsf k|fKt ug{ Tof] gofF gf}nf] cyf{t To; eGbf

cufl8 s;}n] kQf gnufPsf] x'g'k5{ s'g} cfljisf gofF 5 To;sf] cf}Bf]lus pkof]u

x'g ;S5 eg] k]6]G6 clwsfsf] jLs[lt k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5


21/116

- 15 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

O l8hfOg (Design)M jt'sf] cfs[lt gf}nf] ;[hgf jf ?knfO{ a'emfpFb5 l8hfOg Fu]vf cflbsf] ;+of]hg u] s'g} ;fdu|L s'Fb], a'g] s'g} jt'df s]xL h8] agfOPsf]

klg x'g ;S5

O 6]8dfs{ (rademark) M s'g} Joj;foLn] pTkfbg jf ljqmL ljt0f ug]{ jt' jf

;]jfnfO{ c?sf] eGbf leGg b]vfpg jf lrgfpg k|of]u ug]{ ;Fs]t jf lrGxnfO{ a'emfpFb5

6]8dfs{ Totf lrGx zAb, cIf, cFs lrq, FufO{ jf 5kfO{ jf oL ;a} s'fxsf] ;+o]fhg

klg x'g ;S5 Totf lrGxx jt'df k|of]u x'g] ePdf 6]8dfs{ ;]jfdf k|of]u x'g]

ePdf ;]jf dfs{ elg ;Daf]wg ug]{ uLG5

O ef}uf]lns pTklQsf] rLgx (Geographical Indication ) M s'g} ljz]if ef}uf]lns If]qdf

pTkfbg x'g] ePsf] sf0f To; jt'df vf; u'0f, ljz]iftf jf Voflt k|fKt 5 eGg] b]vfpg

k|of]u uLg] rLgxnfO{Geographical Indication elgG5 ht} O{nfdsf] lrofnfO{

km|fG;sf] ofDk]g eGg] 7fpFdf pTkfbg x'g] pRrsf]l6sf] ofDk]g jfOg nfO{ ef}uf]lns

pTklQsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5

O k|ltlnlk (Copyright) M k|ltlnlk clwsf cGt{ut df}lns Pj+ af}l4s ?kdf ;h{s

-k|ltlnlk clwsf wgL_ n] rgf u]sf jf ;[hgf u]sf ;flxTo, snf, 1fg lj1fg,

;"rgf k|ljlw, uLt, ;FuLt, gf6s, kmf]6f]hGo rgf, d'lt{snf, lrqsnf, jt'snf tyf

sDKo'6 ;6j]o cflbsf ;[hgfsfnfO{ Totf ;[hgfdf pTkfbg, k'g;Dkfbg, k|;f,

cg's0f, ;+of]hg cg'jfb, kldfh{g tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ kfpg] ;|i6fsf] Psnf}6L clwsfnfO{

k|ltlnlk clwsf lgdf0f{stf{ jf ;[hgfsfnfO{ k|ltlnlk clwsf wlg elgG5 s'g}

klg ;[hgf jf rgfsf] k|ltlnlk ug]{ clwsf rlotf jf lgdf{0f stf{nfO{ dfq x'G5k|ltlnlk clwsf wlgsf] d~h'L ljgf gSsn uL pTkfbg k'g?Tkfbg Pj+ ljqmL ljt0f

ug{af6 f]s nufpg] clwsf g} k|ltlnlk clwsf xf]

#= pk;+xf/(Conclusion)M af}l4s ;DklQsf] b'j} k|sfsf] ;+If0f ;Da4{g g]kfndf

klg w]} klxnfb]lv g} ug{ yflnPsf] xf] lj=;+= !((# ;fndf k]6]G6, l8hfOg 6]8dfs{ ;DaGwL


22/116

- 16 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

sfg'gL JojyfnfO{ P]g NofP ;d]6]sf] kfOG5 eg] ;flxlTos snfTds ;DklQxnfO{sfg'gL ;+If0f ug]{ Jojyfsf] ;'?jft d'n'sL P]g tyf k|ltlnlk clwsf P]g, @)@@ nfu"

ePkl5 ePsf] kfOG5 af}l4s ;DklQsf] bLuf] ki6 ;+If0f ug]{ qmddf cGtf{li6o ;lGw

;Demf}tf cg';f P]g lgodx kldfh{g ug]{ qmddf k|ltlnlk clwsfsf ;DaGwdf @)%(

df gofF P]g g} NofOof] eg] k]6]G6 l8hfOg 6]8dfs{ P]gdf klg ;do cg';f ;+zf]wg eO

g} x]sf] kfO{G5 t ljZjdf b|'tultdf ljsf; eOx]sf]] af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL JojyfnfO{

lt ;+zf]lwt kldflh{t P]gn] klg k"0f{ ?kdf Aojlyt ug{ g;s]sf] u'gf;f] o; If]qdf

nfUg] la1xn] Psflt ub}{ cfPsf 5g eg] csf]{ lt xfd|f] ;dfhdf af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL

Jojyf TolQ w]} dxTj glbPsf] sf0f hlt ljsf; x'g' kg]{ xf] Tolt x'g g;s]sf] xf] t

af}l4s ;DklQ k|fKt sfg'gL ;+If0f eg] cGtf{li6o tsf] ePsf]n] sfof{Gjog Jojxfls

kIfsf sltko sl7gfO{x cfO{x]sf] s'f klg o; If]qdf sfd ug]{xsf] wf0ff x]sf]

kfO{G5

cGtf{li6o tdf w]} eGbf w]} gofFgofF k|ljlwxsf] cfljisf eOx]sf]] lt k|ljlwx

cfkmgf] b]zdf klg leqofP cfly{s pGglt ug{ rfxFg] fi6xn] af}l4s ;DklQ clwsfnfO{

w]} dxTjsf ;fy x]b{5g s;}af6 Tosf] pNn3g ePdf s8f eGbf s8f ;hfosf ;fy}cfjZos Ifltk"lt{x klg t'?Gt lbnfpg] sfg'gL Jojyf u]sf x'G5g o;af6 gofFgofF

ljb]zL nufgL ;DaGwL cfof]hgfx lelqg] ePsf]n] afXo k"FhL cfkmgf] b]zdf leqofpg klg

af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf ;+If0f ;DaGwL sfg'gL Jojyfx 6]jf lbO{x]sf] kfOG5 af}l4s

;DklQ clwsfnfO{ b]z ljsf;s} Pp6f cleGg c dfg] ;do cg's"n sfg'gL ;+If0f k|bfg

u]df jb]zL pBf]u nufot cg';Gwfg stf{, a}1flgsxn] gofFgofF cfljisf u] b]z

ljsf;df 7"nf] ;xof]u k'ofpg ;Sb5g eg] ljb]zLxn] w]} eGbf w]} nufgL u] kof{Kt

f]hufsf] Jojyf ug{ ;S5g t;y{ cfw'lgs ;dfhdf af}l4s ;DklQnfO{ cfly{s ljsf;sf]

d]?b08 g} dflgG5


23/116

- 17 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

cf}Bf]lusjftfj/0fPsJoj:yfofbj k|;fb sf]O/fnf*

!= k[i7e"ld M

vsFbf] cf}Bf]lusLs0fn] g]kfnsf] cjyf gfh's aGb} uPsf] 5 d'n'ssf] d]?b08sf ?kdf

x]sf pBf]uwGbfxsf] b'{ultsf sf0f cfly{s a[l4bdf gsffTds c; k]sf] 5 xffxfldf

$ ljGb'n] b]zsf] cfly{s a[l4b a9]sf] b]lvG5 t Go"gtd ^ cFseGbf sdsf] cfly{s

a[l4b ePdf Totf] d'n's uLaL fi6sf] ?kdf kllrt xG5 ot} cjyf clxn] g]kfnsf]

5 ljZjsf] !(& fi6 dWo] !$# cf}+ yfgdf g]kfnsf] cfly{s cjyf 5 of] cjyfnfO{

bogLo?kdf x]lG5 ljleGg sf0fn] g]kfnsf] cjyf bogLo ?kdf x]sf] 5 xfn} k|sflzt

ljleGg k|ltj]bgdf g]kfnsf] s'g} klg If]q fd|f] ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5}g z'zf;gsf] ;jfn,

e|i6frfsf] ;jfn, cfly{s a[l4bsf] ;jfn jf d"Noa[l4 hg;+Vof a[l4sf] ;jfndf ;d]t

g]kfnsf] cjyf gfh's eofjx 5 Go"g cfly{s a[l4sf] sf0fn] g]kfn c;kmn fi6sf]

?kdf ljsl;t x'b} uPsf] emns klg b]lvG5

g]kfn cfly{s ?kdf vsg' k5fl8 kDkfut s[lif k|0ffnL g} cfly{s d]?b08sf ?kdf xg'

xf] eg] cf}Bf]lusLs0ftkm{ b]znfO{ n}hfg g;Sg' csf]{ sf0f xf] cfly{s ;jnLs0fsf]lbzfdf pBf]uwGbfsf] dxTjk"0f{ xft xG5 hfkfg, j]nfot, j]lNhod, cd]lsf htf

d'n'sx cf}Bf]lusLs0fs} sf0fn] ;jn ;Ifd pGgltzLn ePsf 5g g]kfnsf] g]t[Tj

ju{n] pBf]uwGbfnfO{ slxNo} ;sffTds cfFvfn] x]]sf 5}gg v'Nnf ahfsf] cfudg ;Fu}

pBf]unfO{ ;+If0f xf]Og Wjt kfg]{ sfo{sf] yfngL !(() sf] bzsaf6 z'? eof] ef}uf]lns

hl6ntf, ef}lts k"jf{wfsf] sdL cfGtls Pj+d jfxo nufgL gePsf] xfd|f] htf] d'n'sdf

v'Nnfkg Pj+d ljZj JofkLs0fn] 7"n} gf]S;fgL Pj+d b'3{6gf Joxf]g'{ klx]sf] 5 gfkmfd"ns

cTofjZos ;sfL ;+yfgxnfO{ ;sfn] ;+If0fsf] ;f lghL If]qdf xtfGt0f ugf{n]

klg d'n's cf]Bf]lusLs0faf6 j+lrt x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5

lghL If]q jo+ lgj{n xg' ;sfL If]qn] cf}Bf]lusLs0faf6 xft lemSgfn] cfly{s If]qdf

j}b]lzs xtIf]k g]kfndf xfjL ePsf] 5 b]znfO{ cfly{s ?kn] ;DkGg ufpg pBf]uk|lt

*pk;lrj, pBf]u dGqfno


24/116

- 18 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

;sffTds ;f]rfO{, k"FhLsf] nufgL, j}blzs k|ljlwsf] pkef]u htf sfo{df Wofg k'ofpgh?L 5 oL ot} sdhf]Lsf sf0fn] b]zn] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g

@= xfnsf] cf}Bf]lus cj:yf M

pBf]unfO{ b]zsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf k|ltyfkg ug{sf nflu cGtf{li6o jhfdf lgof{t

d"ns pBf]un] k|ltkwL{ aGg] aftfj0f aGg h?L 5 fi6nfO{ ;jn, ;Ifd, cfTdlge{,

cfly{s a[l4b nufotsf sfo{sf nflu cf}Bf]lusLs0f x'g kb{5 oL ;a} sfo{x nufgL

d}qLjftfj0faf6 dfq ;Dej xG5 pBf]u tyf cf}Bf]lus ljsf; k|j4{gaf6 dfq b]zsf]

cy{tGqn] ult lng ;S5 xfnsf] kDkfut ;Fu7gn] cf}Bf]lus ult lng klg ;Sb}g ljb]zL k"FhL leqg ;Sg] Ifdtf klg fVb}g

g]kfndf pBf]usf nflu k|r" ;Defjgf 5g ljB'tko{6g6]ls Ph]G;Ljgjgklt Pj+

s[lif pBf]u g]kfnsf dxTjk"0f{ ;+efJotf If]q x'g t o; k|lt ;sfsf] vf;} rf;f] 5}g

;fgf tyf 3]n' pBf]usf nflu g t aftfj0f g} tof 5 g t ;sfsf] k|fyldstf If]qdf

g} of] kb{5 7"nf] pBf]usf nflu jb]zL k"FhLn] ;Defjgf b]lvb}g, ljb]zL nufgL lelqg h?L

5 Multinational company nfO{ ljz]if cfly{s If]q to uL Tof] If]qnfO{ x8tfn d'Qm

gjgfpGh]n nufgL leqg] cjyf klg 5}g

clxn] d'n'ssf nflu jb]zL >d ;Lk Pj+d k"FhLsf] h?t 5 of] ePdf ;fgf tyf 3]n'

pBf]usf] ljsf; x'g hfG5 cem yfgLo ;fwg >f]tsf] pRrtd pkef]u uLPdf o;n]

pBf]unfO{ yfloTj lbg] ki6 5 bLuf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu ;sfn] k|j4{gfTds

sfo{x ug{ h?L 5 cf}Bf]uLs0fsf] k|s[ofnfO{ ultzLn ;'b[9 kfg{ j}b]lzs k"FhL leqfpg]

jb]zL pBf]unfO{ k|j4{g ug{ jb]zL k"FhL ;LknfO{ ;sfn] ;+If0f ug{ h?L 5

nufgLsf If]qx klxNofpg] sfd ;sf xf] ttkZrft nufgLsf nflu jftfj0f jgfO{ lbg'k5{ rLgdf !(() kl5 v'nfkgn] cfly{s a[l4b !! ;Dd k'u]sf] pbfx0f xfdL ;fd" 5

eftdf klg Multinational Companysf] cfudg v'nfkg ;Fu} rLgs} xffxfldf cfly{s

jl4b ePsf] 5 Multinational Company n] rLgdf pTkfbg a9fPsf]n] klg ljZjdf g}

rLgsf] jr{j a9b} uPsf] 5 j}b]lzs nufgL If]qdf x]s sfo{sf] ;sf lhDd]jf 5 eg]

ToxfF x'g] gf]S;fgLsf] ;d]t ;sfn]Guareentty lnPsf] 5 o;}sf0f a}b]lzs nufgLsf]

;+efjgf cToflws ?kdf 5 otf] jftfj0f g]kfndf xfn ;Dd aGg ;s]sf] 5}g


25/116

- 19 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

#= cf}Bf]lusLs/0f / u/LaL lgjf/0f M-!_ uLaL ef]sdL g} ljsf;sf afws x'g g]kfndf clxn] klg #! eGbf a9L uLaL

x]sf] 5 of] uLaL ;fk]lIfs dfq xf], oyfy{df uLjL cem} a9L 5 uLjLsf ljleGg

sf0f dWo] c;dfg"kflts ljt0f cf}Bf]lus If]qdf z"Go nufgL g} o;sf] d"n sfs

tTj xf] oL eGbf a9L cjyf ef}uf]lns agf]6, k"FhL ahfsf] sdhf]Ln] klg b]zsf]

cfly{s cjyfdf k|lts"ntf cfPsf] 5

-@_ b]zsf] cfly{s nufot k|To]s If]q s]xL ;dob]lv ;dofu|t 5 x]s If]qdf b]lvPsf]

;dofn] b]znfO{ ;Fs6u|t agfPsf] 5 rd zf]if0f uLaLn] GnfO{ j9fjf dfq

lbPg uLaLsf] vf8nnfO{ kmflsnf] agfpg] sfo{ ;d]t uof] logLxsf] sfs

tTj j]f]huf kDkfut s[lif k]zfn] lgDTofPsf] xf] ljsl;t d'n'sxdf uLjLnfO{

Go"lgs0f ug{ f]huf ;[hgf uLG5 f]hufLsf nflu pBf]uwGbf, snsfvfgf k|;t

?kdf v'nfOG5 pTkfbgnfO{ f]huf;Fu ;dGjo uLG5 o;}sf] kmnj?k fli6o

pTkfbg a[l4 eO{ x]s If]q ;DkGg x'g hfG5 t g]kfndf clxn] kDkfut s[lif k|0ffnL

g} cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf 5

-#_ fi6sf] cy{tGq ultxLg ?kdf xg'sf] sf0f cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g x'g g;Sg'' g} xf] g]kfnn]

cem} klg o; k|lt ;f]rfO lng ;s]sf] 5}g eg] cf}Bf]uLs0f k|ltsf] ;f]rfOdf b]lvPsf]

g}fZotf pbfl;gtfn] uLaLsf] vf8nnfO{ a9jf lbO{ pTkfbgdf x|f; cfOx]sf] 5

f]huf ;[hgf uL uLjL 36fpgsf nflu a}b]lzs jb]zL pBf]unfO{ afa k|f]T;fxg

ug]{ gLlt ;sfn] lng' k5{ o;n] cfly{s a[l4b a9g hfG5 eg] kDkfut s[lif k]zf

k|ltsf] hgtfsf] cfTdflge{tf 36g hfG5 kmntM cf}Bf]lus aftfj0f aGg uO{ g]kfn

cfw'lgsLs0f x'G5

lghLs0f k|ltkwf{Tds ahfd'vL cy{ JojyfnfO{ ckgfpFbf ;sfL pBf]ux ;dfKt

kflPsf] tLtf] oyfy{ xfdL ;fd" 5 lj=;+= @)%! ;fn kl5 b]zdf Gn] ar]v'r]sf pBf]uwGbf

aGb eP xfn x]sf s]xL pBf]ux ;sfsf af]emsf ?kdf dfq x]sf 5g pBf]uwGbf

snsfvfgfx aGb x'g'sf] d"nsf0f ;sfL pbf;Lgtf ei6frfsf] cv8fsf] ?kdf

ljsl;t x'g' g} xf]


26/116

- 20 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

$= pBf]u k|ltsf] rf;f] / ;/sf/L sfo{qmd M-!_ x]s fi6sf] fli6o pTkfbg clea[l4 uL pggltsf] lzvdf k'fpg] klxnf] dxTjk"0f{

k]zf pBf]u x'G5 pBf]u km6fpg ;s]df b]zsf] x]s If]q ljsl;t x'G5 cem ljsf;f]Gd'v

d'n'ssf] dxTjk"0f{ ljsf;sf] cFu g} pBf]uwGbf xf] g]kfn ;lbof}+b]lv ljsf;df k5fl8

x'g'sf] sf0f klg cf}Bf]lusLs0fsf] cefj g} xf] dNnsfn, lnlR5jLsfn zfxsfnb]lv

g} b]zsf] cfly{s ult lng rf;f] sd xb} cfPsf] kfOG5 To;}n] To; ;do b]lv g}

b]zn] cfly{s ult lng g;s]sf] oyfy{ ;To xf] @)!# ;fn b]lv dfq b]zdf of]hgfa4

ljsf;sf] vfsf z'? eof] o;kl5 dfq pBf]u If]qnfO{ ;sfn] k|fyldstfdf fVg]

sfd uof] @)!$ ;fndf b]zsf ljleGg yfgxdf cf}Bf]lus If]q yfkgf x'g' o;sfpbfx0f x'g tyflk oL If]qxdf pBf]uL JofkfLsf] sd rf;f] ;sfsf] pbf;Lgtfsf]

sf0f wfo;L aGb} uPsf klg 5g o;n] g t pBf]u km6fpg g} ;Sy] g t

cy{tGqnfO{ g} pBf]u km6fpg g;Sg'sf] d"n sf0f g} of] b]zsf] b'ef{Uo aGg uPsf]5

xfn klg pBf]uwGbfx ;sfL k|fyldstfdf kg]{ u]sf] kfOGg ha;Dd pBf]uwGbf

;sfsf] k|fyldstfdf kb}{g ta;Dd b]zn] ;fRr} k|ult ug{ ;Sb}g hfkfg, j]lNhod,

cd]lsf cem eGg] xf] eg] rLg ljZjdf cfly{s ;DkGg fi6 pBf]us} sf0f ePsf] xf]

o;}n] pTkfbg clea[l4sf nflu cf}Bf]lus sfo{qmd cfjZos k5{ pBf]u km6fpgfn]

cfly{s a[l4b pRr x'g hfG5 eg] nufgLsf] jftfj0f ;sffTds x'g uO{ pRr k|ltkmnk|fKt x'G5 otf] jftfj0fsf nflu ki6 gLlt, nlrnf] sfg'g, nufgLsf] fd|f] jftfj0f

x'g' h?L 5

-@_ clxn] k"FhL nufgLsf] jftfj0f gaGgfn] cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f wldnf] 5, ki6 sfg'gL

cfwf gx'Fbf rf}lt cGof}n 5 pBf]u ;+rfng ug]{ s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jo+ cGof}nu|t

5 g t ki6 gLlt aGg g} ;s]sf] 5 g t pBf]u k|lt ;sfsf] ;sffTds ;f]rfO

g} aGg ;s]sf] 5 ;sfL pbfl;gtfn] pBf]uwGbf wdfwd aGb eO{x]sf 5g ef}lts

k"jf{wfsf] sdLn] ubf{ x]s If]q cGof}n u|t 5 pBf]uwGbf k"jf{wf ljsf; gx'Fbf

k|ToIf jf kf]If ?kdf fi6n] 3f6f j]xf]lxg' k]sf] 5 pTkfbsTj clea[l4sf nflu

nufgL cfjZos x''G5 otf] nufgL d"ntM ;sfL lghLIf]qsf] ;fem]bfLaf6 dfq

;Dej 5 o;k|lt ;sffTds jftfj0f gLlh ;sfL ;fem]bfL sfo{qmd clxn]sf

k|d'v cfjZostf x'g oL ;a}sf] ;xof]uaf6 dfq b]zdf cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f lgdf{0f eO{

f]huf ;[hgf x'g hfG5 b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf nflu klg cf}Bf]uLs0f cfjZos

5 xfnsf] @=!% sf] a]f]hufL cw{ j]f]huf ;dofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ cfjZos


27/116

- 21 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

5 o;sf nflu yfgLo >f]tsf] pkof]u ub]{ a[l4bnfO{ tfnd]n x'g] uL f]huf ;[hgfufpg klg f]hufd"ns pBf]u ljsf; uL lgsf;Ld"ns pBf]unfO{ hf]8 lbg h?L

5

-#_ e"klj]li6t ePs} sf0f g]kfn cf}Bf]lusLs0ftkm{ pGd'v x'g ;lsx]sf] 5}g o;n]

lgof{td"ns k|ltkwL{ jt' tyf ;]jf pTkfbgdf sl7gfO{ k]sf] 5 lgof{td"ns

pBf]u gkm6fpg'sf sf0f sRrf kbfy{sf] cefj xf] eg] jb]zL nufgL ag9g'sf] sf0f

v'nf ;Ldfgf klg xf] ot} cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f aGg g;Sg' pBf]uwGbf k|lt pBf]uklt

cfslif{t gx'g', nlrnf] ckfbzL{ gLlt klg sfs tTjsf] ?kdf b]vf k]sf] 5 b]zn]

pBf]unfO{ ;kmntfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg grfxg' ;sfL pbfl;gtfn] klg yk

dnhn ldn]sf] xfdL kfpF5f} g]kfnsf] pBf]uwGbf k|lt cfsif{s gx'g'sf csf]{ kf6f] pbf

cfoft gLlt klg xf] jb]zL pTkfbgnfO{ k|f]T;fxLt ug{ jb]zL at' pkof]u ug'{ eGbf

ljb]zdf x]sf ;dfgx cfoft uL jb]zL pBf]unfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ sfd ePsf] 5

k|ljlw, 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf k"FhLsf] cefjnfO{ ;sfn] j]jftf u]s]f sf0f klg pBf]u

;w} k5fl8 k]sf] 5 ;fgf tyf 3]n' pBf]udf nufgL ug{ sl7gfO{ x]sf]n] klg g]kfn

;w} cwf]ultlt uOx]sf] 5 pBf]usf] klxnf] clgjfo{ zt{ k"jf{w g} xf] xfn;Dd

klg g]kfndf k"jf{wf aGg ;s]sf] 5}g k"jf{w sdL x'Gh]n d'n'sn] cf}Bf]lusLs0f ug{

;Sg] cjyf xGg

-$_ @ cFssf] cfly{s a[l4b ug]{ ;sfL gLltnfO{ kDkfut s[lif nufotsf k]zfn] ;Dej

5}g eft rLgn] jflif{s (% k|ltzt eGbf a9Lsf] cfly{s a[l4b cf}Bf]uLs0fsf]

sfo{n] dfq ;Dej t'NofPsf 5g ot} j]lNhod, hd{g, jL8]g klg cf}Bf]lus ;kmntfn]

g} xfn;Dd cfgf] cfly{s a[l4bnfO{ lgGttf lbg ;kmn ePsf 5g To;}n] g]kfn

htf cNkljsl;t d'n'sxn] klg cf}Bf]uLs0fnfO{ d"n gLlt agfO{ nfu"" ug{ h?L 5

pBf]uwGbf km6fpg b]znfO{ cf}Bf]uLs0f tkm{ cufl8 a9fpg k"FhL k|ljlw dxTjk"0f{

;fwg x'g eg] ToxfF sfd ug]{ >ldsx csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf x'g g]kfndf oL b'j}sf]sld 5 g t k"FhL 5 g t k|ljlwsf] 1fg 5 oL b'j} t cefj 5 g} To;df klg xfdL

g]kfnLx csf{sf] d'n'sdf uO{ 3]n' wGbf ug{ tof x'G5f} t g]kfndf clnslt sfd

ug{ tTk x'b}gfF} o;}n] klg xfd|f] >d zlQmsf] sf0f k5fl8 k]sf 5f} rLlgofx sfd

k|lt ;+j]bgzLn 5g, cfkm} d]xgt u5{g, eftLox cfkm} sfd u5{g cem xfd|} b]zdf

klg pgLxn] g} wfg]sf 5g kmnkm"n JofkfL egf}+ jf 3 jgfpg] 8sdL{ HofdL jf


28/116

- 22 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

ufd]{06sf sfnLu9 hxfF htf ;'s} klg eftLox g} b]lvG5g, pgLxn] g} g]kfnsf]x]s If]q wfg]sf 5g t xfdL g]kfnL sfd eGbf s'f, fi6 agfpg] eGbf efif0f 5f6g],

kF"hL klrfng ug]{ eGbf k"FhL n'sfpg] ub{5f}, o;}n] ubf{ b]zsf] cy{tGq cwf]ult tkm{

cGd'v 5 otf] cjyf fi6k|ltsf] fli6o efjgf geP dfq xf]Og u} lhDd]jf sfo{

ei6frfn] ePsf] xf]

-%_ xfdL xfd|f] cfg} 1fg, ;Lk, ljj]s Ifdtfn] eGbf b]vfl;sLsf edf of]hgf lgdf{0f

b]lv pBf]u yfkgf ;Ddsf] sfo{ u5f}{ jb]zL k"FhL k|ltsf] ljZjf; gePsf]n] ljb]zL

k"FhLnfO{ k|fyldstfdf fV5f}, h;sf] cy{ ljb]zL k"FhL k|fljlwnfO{ b]z leq gleqofpg]

eGg] xf]Og t klg jb]zL k"FhL klrfngdf k|fyldstf fVg ;lsPsf] v08df lgZro

g} cf}Bf]lus jftfj0f aGg hfg] lglZrt 5 ;;fgf sfdaf6 klg 7"n7"nf ;kmntf

xft nfUg ;S5 o;sf b[i6fGt w]} 5g f]d Ps}lbgdf ag]sf] xf]Og, hfkfgn] cfly{s

?kdf To;} ;kmntf k|fKt u]sf] 5}g ki6 of]hgf, sfd k|lt nugzLntf, d]xgt,

hfFu, hf];, fi6 agfpg] b[9 OR5fzlQm ;bfrf, fi6k|lt ;dk{0f ePdf xfdL klg

hfkfg, sf]lof, rLgsf] xffxfLdf k'U5f} t, g]kfnLdf oL dWo] Ps} tTj klg ljBdfg

5}g, 5 eg] b"frf 5, ei6frf 5, b]z agfpg] xf]Og cfkm" cfgf] kljf agfpg]

k|a[lQ 5 o;}n] b]zn] ;kmntf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gf} xfn}sf lbgdf gjul7t ;sfn]

klg pBf]uwGbfnfO{ k|fyldstf kfg]{ s'f u]sf] 5 o;sf nflu gofF cf}Bf]lus gLltt'?Gt hfL ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfPsf] 5 o;L cf}Bf]lus gLlt kflt uL ;d;fdlos

;'wf uLPdf lgZro g} o;n] b]znfO{ ;xL af6f] lbg] cfzf fVg ;lsG5 d"nt M P]g,

sfg'g, gLlt eGbf klg k|j[lQdf ;'wf cf}Bf]lus If]qk|lt ;sffTds sl6a4tf ePdf

pBf]uwGbf km6fpg] s'fdf b'O{dt 5}g

%= cf}Bf]lus d}qL jftfj/0f cfhsf] cfjZostf M

-!_ cy{tGqsf x]s If]q pTkfbg b]lv ljt0f ;Ddsf sfo{df ;du| ;sfL tyf gLlh

If]qsf] lqmofzLntf ;lqmo ;xefuLtf clea[l4 x'g h?L 5 x]s If]qdf ;a}sf] ;dfg

kx'Frtf ;fj{hlgs If]qdf ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj clxn]sf] dfGotf xf] v'nf ahfd'vL

cy{Jojyfdf gLlh If]qsf] ;lqmo lqmofzLntf xg'k5{ ljb]zL k"FhL k|ljlwsf] ;fy}

lghL nufgLn] cy{tGqnfO{ cl3lNt n}hfg] ub{5 d"ntM s[lif To;df klg kDkfut

s[lifn] dfq b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ a9fjf ug{ ;Sb}g o;sf nflu b]z cf}Bf]lus ?kdf cufl8

a9g h?L xG5


29/116

- 23 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

-@_ b]zsf] cf}Bf]lus cjyf eofjx bb{gfs 5 x]s jt'sf] klge{tf jif]{gL al9x]sf]5 ljb]zL Jofkf 3f6f cToflws ePsf]n] b]zsf] ;f]wfgfGt cjyf rLgtfhgs 5

b]zdf b]lvPsf] k"FhLsf] ;+lrlt ]ld6ofG;af6 cfPsf] xf] xfn ljZjdf cfPsf] cfly{s

dlGbn] o;nfO{ klg k|efljt kflx]sf] 5 k"FhLsf ?kdf b]lvPsf] ]ld6ofG;nfO{ klg

nufgL ug{ g;lsPsf]n] of] cg'Tkfbs ?kdf a;]sf] 5 oL ;a}sf] sf0f nufgL d}qL

jftfj0f gx'g' nufgLsf nflu ki6 gLlt gx'g' g} xf]

-#_ ljZj Jofkf ;Fu7gdf g]kfn ;bo eP kl5 rfx] grfx] klg o;n] pTkfbgd"ns

sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg} k5{ cf}Bf]uLs0fn] dfq pQm cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u5{

b'ef{Uo g} eGg' k5{ xfn ;sfL If]qdf ;+rflnt pBf]ux ls t aGb x'g] cjyfdf

5g ls t ;sfn] ey]uuL ;+rfng uLx]sf] 5 gLlh If]qsf] ;lqmo ;xefuLtf

x'g g;s]sf] clxn]sf] kllyltdf ;sfL If]qsf pBf]uwGbfnfO{ j]jfl; 5f8g' b]zsf]

nflu 3fts x'g ;S5 o;}n] ;sf dftxtsf pBf]uwGbfxnfO{ ;fxl;s lg0f{oaf6

gjLg?kdf ;+rflnt ug'{ kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf] 5 pBf]uwGbfnfO{ wfzoL agfpg] sd{rfL

Jojyfkg hf] ;'s} eP klg h'g;'s} kf6L{ kbsf] eP klg s8f eGbf s8f sfjfxL

uLg'k5{, of] clxn]sf] dfu xf]

-$_ b08lxgftfsf] ;+s[ltn] ubf{ x]s If]q ctJot 5 ;Qf;Lg bnsf] dflg; ePkl5x]s ckfwaf6 pGd'lQm kfOG5 eGg] b'ik|rfn] klg b]zsf] x]s If]q ctJot x]sf]

xf] sfg'gsf] s73fdf ckfwLnfO{ gNofp~h]n b]zdf ot} cjyf xG5 pBf]uwGbfdf

jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL k"FhLsf] nufgL ga9g'sf] d"n sf0f klg olx g} xf] aGb, x8tfn

htf cly cjyfn] nufgL ug{ pBf]uklt 8fOx]sf 5g h;n] ubf{ pBf]uLxsf]

k"FhL ls t ljb]lzPsf] 5 ls t cg'Tkfbs If]q 338]Ldf nufgL ePsf] 5 of] b'j}

cjyf b]zsf] xLtdf b]lv+b}g cjsf] k|d'v r'gf}tL eGg' g} b]znfO{ cf}Bf]lusLs0f ug'{

g} xf] eg] pBf]ukltsf] k"FhLnfO{ nufgL d}qL jftfj0f agfO{ pBf]uwGbfdf nufgL ufpg'

g} xf]

-%_ clxn]sf] ;dof kDkfut s[lifdf cfwflt cy{ Jojyf xf] eg] csf]{ ?U0f cjyfdf

x]sf] cf}Bf]lus cjyf g} xf] log} sf0fn] b]z cfw'lgsLs0f x'gaf6 ;Fw} k5f8L k]sf]

5 k"FhL nufgLsf] d"n If]q klg pBf]u g} xf] t otf] nufgL klg jftfj0f d}qL x'g

h?L 5 eg] nufgLsf] k|Tofe"t klg sfg'gn] ;'lglZrt uLPsf] x'g' k5{ of] g} clxn]sf]


30/116

- 24 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

r'gf}tL xf] nufgLsf] If]qdf cfPsf] g}fotfn] cg'Tkfbs If]qdf nufgL a9] uPsf] 5otf] k|j[lQ a9b} uPdf cy{tGq wfzoL x'g] lglZrt 5 clxn]sf] cfly{s dlGbn] klg

o;nfO{ k'li6 uL;s]sf] 5

-^_ ljut s]xL jif{ b]lv pBf]uwGbfk|lt ;sfL rf;f] sd xFb} uPsf] 5 ;sfL pBf]uwGbfdf

klg ;sfL xtIf]k o;n] lgDTofPsf] ljgf; Pp6f fd|f] pbfx0fsf ?kdf lng

;lsG5 cTofjZos pBf]uxk|lt klg ;sfL rf;f] Go"g 5 Tot} pBf]uwGbf ;+rfng

ug]{ To;sf k|d'v klg ;sfL pBf]u 8'jfpg] dltofsf ?kdf b]lvPsf 5g cfkm"

a;]sf] j6j[If dfly hf pv]Ng] sfo{ Tolxaf6} z'? ePsf] kSsf xf] caf}+sf] ;DklQdflywfjf jf]Ng] JolQm df]6fpg] sfo{n] ubf{ otf pBf]uwGbf Pj+ ;sfL ;+yfgx

wfzoL ag]sf] b]lvG5

-&_ k|j[lQut wf0ffn] ubf{ b]zsf pBf]uwGbf, snsfvfgf ;sfL ;+yfx 8'jfpg] sfo{n]

pu|tf kfPsf] b]lvG5 e|i6frfn] ;femf oftfoft 8'Jof], 6lnj; wfzoL eof], l;d]06

pBf]u wfzoL aGb} 5g, r'f]6 sfvfgf ot} 5 o;n] Pp6f k|j[lQsf] k|ltlglwTj

ub{5 g ;'wf uLof] g t e|i6frfLdfly 5fgjLg uL sfjfxL g} a9fOof] csf]{

;dof cgfjos fhgLlts xtIf]k hflu v'jfpg] efF8f]sf] ?kdf klg o;nfO{lnOof], of] g} k|d'v ;dof x]sf] b]lvG5 of]Uotfdfly sd{rfLsf] k|ZglrGx oyfjt g}

5, t klg Jojyfkgn] ;'wf uLlbPsf] eP cfhsf] lbg otf] ?kdf cfpg] lyPg

^= ;'wf/sf If]qx M

g]kfnnfO{ cf}Bf]lus If]qtkm{ pGd"v gu?~h]n cfly{s pGglt x'g] cjyf gePsf]n] ;a}n]

pBf]u If]qnfO{ prfNg] sfo{ k|lt ;hu x'g h?L 5 pBf]uwGbf dflysf] jGb, x8tfn ;w}sf]

nflu aGb ug'{ k5{, ljZj Jofkf ;Fu7g;Fu uLPsf k|ltj4tfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg lgof{td"ns

pBf]uwGbfnfO{ a9fjf lbO{ jb]zL k"FhL k|ljlwnfO{ nufgL d}qL jftfj0f agfO{ nufgLsf

nflu cfs[i6 ug{ h?L 5 ljb]zdf ag] g]kfnLsf] k"FhLnfO{ pBf]u wGbfdf cfslif{t ug{

ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] yfngL uL ljb]zL k"FhL k|ljlwnfO{ b]zdf leqofpg] sfo{ clxn]sf]

cfjZostf xf] ;a} nufgL d}qL jftfj0f tof ug{sf nflu ki6 sfg'g, k|i6 gLlt,

b" b[li6sf]0f, fd|f] ;f]r ki6 p2]Zo ;lxt nufgL jftfj0f agfpg h?L 5 To;tkm{

;a} ;hu xg h?L 5


31/116

- 25 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

clxn]sf] fli6o cfjZostf f]huf clea[l4 uL ;dfhnfO{ cfly{s pGgltsf] af6f]df8f]ofpg' xf] eg] hgtfsf] hLjgtdf ;'wf NofO{ ;jn, ;d[4 cfTdlge{ fi6 agfpg'

g} xf] lgof{thGo pBf]usf] dfWodaf6 fli6o cy{tGq lgdf{0f uL cf}Bf]lusLs0f ug'{ g}

cfhsf] cxd ;jfn xf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg u'0ftLo agfpFb} cGtf{li6o ahfdf k|ltklw{

agfpg' cf}Bf]lus gLltsf] dxTjk"0f{ p2]Zo nIo klg xf] o;sf nflu sfg'gL, gLltut tyf

k|s[ofut kIfxdf ;d;fdlos ;'wf uL 7"nf tyf ;fgf ;a} pBf]uxdf nufgL d}qL

jftfj0fsf] lgdf{0f uL fi6nfO{ ;jn, ;Ifd k|ltkwL{ agfpg' cfhsf] vfFrf] xf] cfufdL

lbgdf ;a} If]qaf6 nufgL d}qL jftfj0f jGg hfcf]; eGg] g} cfd rfxgf xf]

pBf]uk|lt ;sffTds ;f]r, jt sfg'gL lgdf0f{, nufgL d}qL jftfj0f, jb]zL sRrf

kbfy{sf] cToflws pkef]u, ;fgf tyf 3]n' pBf]u k|lt ;sfL k|fyldstf, aGb x8tfn

pBf]uwGbfdf lgif]w htf sfo{qmdx ;sfn] Nofpg' k5{ o;sf nflu ;sfn] 5'} sfg'g

rflxg] eP otf] sfg'g agfpg] 5'} sfg'g cfaZos geP gLlt agfpg], gLlt cfjZos geP

jftfj0f agfpg] jftfj0f cfjZos geP pBf]uLxnfO{ pBf]uwGbf rnfpg nufgL

a9fpg k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ clxn] b]lvPsf] ctJottfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ h?L 5

-!_ P]g sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg M k|rlnt sfg'gx pBf]u d}qL gePdf Totf sfg'gx t'?Gt;+zf]wg uLg'k5{ s'gs'g sfg'gn] s'g s'f c;lhnf] k]sf] To;sf] nflu ;ldlt u7g

uL ;'emfj lnO{ sfg'g ;+zf]wg uL nufgL d}qL sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{

-@_ nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f M pBf]uwGbf k|lt ;sfL rf;f] Go"g xb} cfPsf] 5 x8tfn,

aGb, rSsfhfd, sd{rfL dhb'xsf] j]d]n, dflnsdhb' aLr j}dgZotf htf

sf0fn] g t pBf]uwGbf v'Ng g} ;s] g t v'n]sf pBf]ux rNg g} ;s] o;}n] klg

jb]zL ljb]zL nufgL leqg ;s]sf] 5}g ot} jb]zL k"FhL klrfng gx'Fbf ljb]zLg]

vtf cToflws 5 eg] ljb]zL k"FhL nufgL d}qLjftfj0fsf] cefjdf nufgL x'g ;s]sf]

5}g o; k|lt ;sf uDeL aGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5

-#_ ;'/Iff an u7g M pBf]uwGbfsf] ;+If0f;Djw{gk|lt lbgx' lbg g}fotfsf] jftfj0f

a9b} uPsf] 5 x8tfny'g5]ssfd gug]{ k|j[lQ cToflws a9bf] 5 x]s ljifodf

dfu fVg] k"f geP aGb x8tfn uL pBf]unfO{ wfo;L agfpg] qmd ltj| 5 otf]


32/116

- 26 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

cjyfdf g t pBf]uwGbf g} km6fp5 g t pBf]uL g} pBf]u k|lt cfslif{t x'G5gcGtTjf]uTjf M b]zdf cfly{s a[l4b gsffTds x'g uO{ b]zsf] cy{tGq tx; gx;

x'g hfG5 f]huf gx'Fbf b]zdf j]f]huf a9g uO{ ckfwL k|j[lQ a9g hfG5, To;}n]

pBf]uwGbf ;+If0f, lgoldt ;+rfng ug{ cf}Bf]lus an u7g uL pBf]uLnfO{ pBf]u k|lt

ljZjf; t'Nofpg h?L 5 pBf]uwGbfnfO{ aGb x8tfn lgif]lwt t'Nofpg' k5{ oL ;a}

sfd pBf]u ;'Ifan u7g uL ug{ h?L 5 o; k|lt ;f]Rg} k5{

-$_ ;d:of ;'b[ l9s/0f M pBf]uwGbf ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfo jo+ hL0f{ 5 pBf]u

ljefuu'0ftvfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu jo+ kDkfjfbL 5g logLxsf] ;'b[l9s0f

clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] cfw'lgs pBf]uwGbf;Fu d]nvfg] uL oL ;dofx ;'wfg{ h?L

5 ot} ;sfL ;+yfx jo+df ?U0f hh{5g sd{rfLJojyfkg Joj;foL 5}gg

To;}n] tL ;dofxnfO{ ;sfn] rnfpg] eP k'g{u7g uL pRr bIf sd{rfLsfdbf

leqofO{ k'fgfnfO{ qmlds?kdf x6fpb} hfg'k5{ eg] ;sfn] grnfpg] xf] eg] t'?Gt}

gLlhIf]qdf xtfGt0f ug'{ k5{ o;f] uLPdf ;sfL ef sd x'G5

-%_ ;bfrf/ k4tL / e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f M x]s If]qdf e|i6frf clgoldttfn] ufh]sf] 5e|i6frf jf clgoldttf SofG; ht} km}lnPsf] 5 ;dofnfO{ ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfo

;d]t o; k|lt ;Dj]bgzLn 5}g gLlh If]q klg otf] lytLaf6 d'Qm 5}g pbfx0fsf

?kdf x]g]{ xf] eg] gLlh If]qsf a}xsf ;+rfnsn] hgtfsf] sd p7fO{ 7uL ug]{ u]sf

5g ot} cjyf ;fgf tyf 7"nf pBf]udf x]sf] 5 o;nfO{ ;sfn] lgoGq0f ug{

h?L 5

-^_ ;d:ofut Ifdtfsf] ljsf; / cfly{s dfusf] k|Zg M ;a}eGbf klxn] h'g pBf]uwGbf

;+rflnt 5 To;sf] cfly{s, Jojyfklso sfo{k4tLdf ;'wf ug{ h?L 5 t6y,

lgikIf, ;Dj]bgzLn, nugzLn sfdbf tL ;dof ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos 5 sfd

gug]{ cfjZos x8tfn ug]{ pk lghL If]qn] sfjfxL ug]{ clwsf x'g h?L 5 To;f]

geP g t pBf]u km6fpg ;S5 g t k"FhL nufgL jl4 g} x'G5 ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'f

t lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLk|lt cfZjt t'Nofpg' ;sfsf] k|d'v dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ x'G5


33/116

- 27 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L M!_ cGtld of]hgf @)^$@)^&, fli6o of]hgf cfof]u

@_ cGtld ;+ljwfg @)^# sfg'g lstfa Jojyf ;ldlt

#_ sfo{ljwL lbUbz{g 3]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu

$_ pBf]u dGqfnosf] klrofTds k'ltsf pBf]u dGqfno

%_ pBf]u emns pBf]u dGqfno

^_ ljleGg ;dosf uf]vfkqsf n]v rgfx

&_ pBf]udf nufgL d}qLaftfj0f ofbj k|;fb sf]Ofnf uf]=k=

*_ ;f]kfgsf ljleGg cFs(_ pBf]u gLlt jfl0fHo gLltx


34/116

- 28 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfnL nufgL k|j4{g / u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx]dGt bjf8L*

!= kl/ro M

nufgL s'g} klg d'n'ssf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs pGgltsf] clgjfo{ k"j{zt{ xf] ljgf nufgL

g t cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf k"jf{wfxsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej x'G5 g t lzIff, jfYo

htf ;fdflhs If]qdf k|ult g} xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 pRr bsf] cfly{s a[l4sfnflu

7"nf] dfqfdf nufgL cfjZos ePsf]n] cfly{s pGgltsf l;4fGtxdf nufgLnfO{ cfly{s

a[l4sf] b lgwf{0f ug]{ k|d'v sfssf kdf lng] u]sf] kfO{G5 nufgLsf] o;} dxTjn]ubf{ g} ;+;feLsf d'n'sxdf nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLlt sfo{qmdx NofOPsf

x'G5g nufgL b'O{ >f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] ub{5g Ps t cfgf] d'n's leqs} pTkfbgcfosf]

s]xL efunfO{ art uL nufgLdf kljt{g ug{ ;lsG5 o;nfO{ cfGtls >f]tsf] nufgL

jf cfGtls nufgL elgG5 csf]{ tkm{ ljb]zLxn] Nofpg] jf csf]{ d'n'ssf] cy{tGqsf]

jrtaf6 x'g] nufgL x]sf] 5 otf] nufgLnfO{ ljb]zL nufgL elgG5 o;sf cltlQm

ljb]zdf uO{ k]zf, Joj;fo, f]hufL uL a;]sf JolQmxn] klg cfgf] d'n'sdf nufgL k|jfx

ub{5g otf] nufgLnfO{ u}cfjf;Loxsf] jf 8fokf]fsf] nufgL eGg ;lsG5 ljut s]xL

jif{ otf 8fokf]fn] d'n'ssf] ljsf;df v]Ng] e"ldsf o;sf] nufgLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ kn]x]g{ yflnPsf] 5

@= ljZj JofkLs/0f M

ljZjJoflks0fsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ kIf Ps d'n'saf6 csf]{ d'n'sdf x'g] nufgLsf] k|jfxdf

ePsf] a[l4 klg xf] ljut s]xL bzsdf ljZj cy{tGqdf ePsf] kljt{g x]g]{ xf] eg] Ps

d'n'saf6 csf]{ d'n'sdf x'g] nufgLsf] k|jfxdf lgs} 7"nf] dfqfdf a[l4 ePsf] kfOG5 ;+o'Qm

fi6 ;+3Lo Jofkf tyf ljsf; ;Dd]ng (UNCAD) sf] ljZj nufgL k|ltj]bg cg';f s"n

ljb]zL k"hLsf] d"No (otal stock of Foreign Direct Investment) @^) vj 8n eGbfa9L x]sf] lyof]@

*n]vs u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3df sfo{sfL lgb]{zssf ?kdf sfo{t 5g


35/116

- 29 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

s] ljsl;t s] ljsf;f]Gd'v ;a} g} d'n's jfXo nufgL leofpg k|oTg uLx]sf x'G5gg]kfn htf] cfo Go"g ePsf] cfGtls artsf] b klg lgs} sd ePsf] d'n'ssf] cfly{s

kfGt0fsfnflu nufgLsf] jfXo >f]tsf] dxTj cem j9L x'G5 jfXo >f]tsf] nufgLn]

cfGtls artn] Eofpg] eGbf a9L dfqfsf] nufgL ug{ ;Dej agfpg'sf ;fy} gof 1fg,

l;k k|ljlw leofpg klg d2t ub{5 8fokf]fsf] d'n's;Fusf] ;+jGwdf cfTdLotf ;d]t

x'gfn] c ljb]zLsf] nufgL eGbf j9L k|efjsfL x'g] ;xh cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5

;fs{ ;xof]u ;Fu7gsf ;box afx]ssf] d'n'sdf x]sf] g]kfnL 8fokf]fsf] ;+Vof @%

nfvsf] xffxfLdf x]sf] cg'dfg 5 o;df jx';+Vos f]hufLsfnflu ljb]z uPsf o'jf

o'jtLx x] klg oL ljleGg d'n'sdf cfg} Joj;fo ug]{ jtGq k]zf ug]{ JolQmxsf]

;+Vof a9bf] 5 ljb]zdf sfo{t g]kfnLxn] g]kfn k7fpg] ljk|]if0f (Remmittance) s"n

ufx{Yo pTkfbgsf] @) k|ltzt eGbf dfly x]sf] cg'dfg uLG5 of] ljk|]if0fs} sf0fn]

g]kfndf 7"nf] Jofkf 3f6f x'bf x'b} klg zf]wgfGt lyltdf g]kfn lgs} jlnof] x]sf] 5

g]kfnsf] uLjLsf] ]vfd'lgsf kljfxsf] ;+Vof 36g] 3 hUufdf nufgL nufot

pkef]Uo at'xsf] cfoftdf eO{x]sf] a[l4sf] k|d'v sfs u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxaf6 x'g]

ljk|]if0f g} xf] ljk|]if0fsf] 7"nf] lx;f 3 kljfsf] b}lgs pkef]usf nflu hfg] ePklg s]xL

efu k"hLut nufgLdf hfg] lglZrt 5 g]kfnsf] 3hUufsf] If]qdf x'g] u]sf] nufgLsf] d"n

sfs tTj o;} ljk|]if0fnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 ljk|]if0faf6 k|fKt cfon] g} sltko kljfn] cfgf]Joj;fo ljtf u]sf 5g eg] sltkon] Joj;fo ;' ug{ ;s]sf 5g

#= j}b]lzs nufgL M

a}b]lzs nufgL leofpg] qmddf d'n's;Fu ;DaGwLt ljb]zdf a;]sf JolQmx -8fokf]f_

sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf ;+;feL x]sf] kfO{G5 rLgdf ePsf] a}b]lzs nufgLsf] cfwf eGbf j9L

rLlgof d"nsf JolQmxsf] nufgL x]sf] cg'dfg uLG5 d"ntM tfO{jfg, xusu, l;ufk'

k"jL{ Plzofsf cGo d'n'sdf x]sf rLlgof pBf]uklt JofkfLxn] cfgf] Joj;fo rLgdf

ljtf ug{ yfn]kl5 g} rLgdf ljb]zL nufgL a9]sf] d'n'ssf] cfly{s a[l4b lta| ePsf]

xf] ljb]zdf ag] eftLoxn] rLlgofxn] ht} dfqfdf nufgL gu] klg cGo ljb]zL

nufgL leofpg eftsf] ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwflt Joj;fo ljtf ug{ pNn]Vo e"ldsf

v]n]sf 5g Tot} k|sfsf] e"ldsf c d'n'ssf 8fokf]fn] v]n]sf] klg k|zt pbfx0f

kfO{G5 ljZjsf w]} d'n'sn] 8fokf]fsf] k|of]u d'n'ssf] cfly{s fhgLlts lxt k|a4{gsf

nflu u]sf 5g 8fokf]fsf] ;fwg, ;|f]t, l;k d'n'sdf cfslif{t ug{ 8fokf]fdfkm{t


36/116

- 30 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

cgf] d'n'ssf pBf]u Joj;fosf] ahf k|a4{g ug{sfnflu ;sfL tdf lgsfoxsf]Jojyf u]sf 5g 8fokf]fsf nflu ljz]if gLlt tyf ;'ljwfsf Kofs]hx NofPsf 5g

pbfx0fsf nflu eftn] sltko cjyfdf ljb]zLxsf nflu jlh{t u]sf] If]q u}cfjf;Lo

eftLox eftLo d"nsf ljb]zL gfuLsxnfO{ eg]] v'nf u]sf] kfO{G5 Tot} sltko

d'n'sn] 8fokf]fsf] d'n's;Fusf] ;+jGw k|uf9 fVgsf nflu bf]xf]f] gfuLstf nufotsf

Jojyfx klg u]sf 5g

8fokf]fsf nflu ljz]if Jojyf ug{'sf d"n sf0f pgLx efjgfTds kn] d'n's;Fu

;DaGwLt x'g] s'g} cK7]f] k]sf] a]nfdf c ljb]zL ht} t'Gt jlxu{dg x'b}gg eGg]

ljZjf; xf] csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] pgLxsf] b]zelQm jf cgf] pbud d'n's

;dfhnfO{ s]xL ug{' k5{ eGg] efjgfsf] cTolws pkof]u ug]{ rfxgf xf] Oh|fOn, cfoNofG8,

cfd]{lgof, rLg, eft, d]lS;sf], lkmlnlkG; htf d'n'sn] cfgf] pBf]u Jofkf ljtf ug{

ljb]zdf cfgf] kIfdf jsfnt ug{ cfgf] 8fokf]fsf] v'n] pkof]u u]sf k|zt pbfx0f

kfpg ;lsG5 j+unfb]z, kflstfg, >Ln+sf htf g]kfnsf cGo l5d]sL d'n'sn] klg cfgf

8fokf]fsf] pkof]usf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u]sf5g ltgnfO{ d'n'ssf] ljsf;df ;fd]n

ufpg bf]xf]f] gfuLstf nufot ljz]if ;'ljwfsf Kofs]hx NofPsf 5g

d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf; qmddf 8fokf]fsf] ;xefuLtf ltgdf ePsf] b]zelQmsf efjgfTdssf0fn] dfq geO{ d'n'ssf] Joj;flos jftfj0f jf]sf] hfgsfL lg0f{o k|ls|ofdf kx'Fr

cflbsf sf0f klg j9L ;+ej ePsf] xf] 8fokf]fnfO{ d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs

Jojyfklso jftfj0f jf] fd|f] hfgsfL x'g] x'gfn] d'n'sdf s] ;Dej 5 s] 5}g eGg]

yfxf x'G5 To;}n] pgLxn] cfgf] nufgL ubf{ hf]lvd sltsf] 5 eGg] ;xh} k"jf{g'dfg

nufpg ;Sb5g o;sf cltlQm d'n'sdf cfgf] s'g} g s'g} kdf pklylt lx xg]

ePsf]n] cfgf] kIfdf jsfnt ug]{(lobbying), lg0f{o k|lqmofdf s]xL k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] htf

sf0fn] klg pgLx cGo ljb]zL nufgLstf{ eGbf a9L cfgf] ;Da4 d'n's tkm{ cfslif{t

x'g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] 8fokf]fn] cGo ljb]zL nufgLstf{nfO{ af6f]b]vfpg] sfd ug]{ u]sf] kfO{G5

eft, e'6fg htf l5d]sL d'n'sxnfO{ ;d]t lng] xf] eg] g]kfnL 8fokf]fsf] ;+Vof lgs}

7"nf] 5 hg;+Vofsf lx;fjn] g]kfnL 8fokf]fsf] ;+Vof lgs} 7"nf] ePsf] cg'dfg uLP

klg g]kfnaf6 ;d'b|kf uO{ a;f]af; ug]{ qmd 8]9 b'O{ bzs cl3 dfq z' ePsf] xf]


37/116

- 31 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

Dofgdf -jdf{_, yfO{Nof08df ePsf g]kfnLefifLxnfO{ 5f]8g] xf] eg] g]kfnL 8fokf]f lgs}gof 5 gof 8fokf]f ePsf]n] w]} u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxn] cfkm' a;f]af; u]sf] d'n'ssf]

cfly{s ;fdflhs eofudf pRr txdf k'u]sf sd} pbfx0f kfOG5 t 5f]6f] ;dodfg}

eP klg ;kmn k]zfsdL{ Joj;foL g]kfnL 8fokf]fdf b]lvO{;s]sf 5g g]kfnLx w]}

ljZjljBfnosf k|f]km]; Pjd pRr cg';Gwfgstf{ alg;s]sf 5g sltkon] Joj;fo uL

;kmntf xfl;n u]sf 5g ?;df jif{sf] ;j{>]i7 Jojyfkssf] ;Ddfg jf ci6]lnofsf] @))

wgf9o dWo]sf] Ps x'g] ;f}efUo u}cfj;Lo g]kfnLxn] kfO{;s]sf 5g ljb]zdf jtGq

kdf cfg} k]zf Joj;fo ug]{ g]kfnLxsf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9bf] 5

ljb]zdf cfh{g u]sf] 1fg, ;Lk, k"+hL g]kfndf nufgL ug]{ nufgL ug{ vf]Hg] u}cfjf;Lo

g]kfnLxsf] ;+Vof klg a9bf] 5 g]kfndf xfd|f l5d]sL d'n'sxdf htf] u}cfjf;Loxsfnflu

ljz]if k|sfsf] gLlt gePsf]n] w]}h;f] u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] nufgL g]kfndf g} a;f]af;

ug]{ g]kfnLsf] nufgLs} htf] kdf lelqPsf] 5 sltkon] JolQmut kfljfls nufgLsf

kdf g]kfndf k"hL lgj]z u]sf 5g ljb]zdf Joj;fo uL a;]sf w]}h;f] g]kfnLxn]

g]kfndf cfg} jf kljfsf] ;bosf gfpdf ;DaGwLt Joj;fog} ;+rfng u]sf] kfO{G5

of] g]kfn g]kfnL at'df cfwf u] ljb]zdf Joj;fo ug]{sf] -pbfx0fsf nflu g]kfnLnfO{

uGtJo agfP ko{6g Joj;fodf ;+nUgx, g]kfnL xtsnfsf ;fdfg ljb]zdf ljlqm ug]{x,

g]kfnL vfgf ksg] ]6'fx_ xsdf k"0f{tM nfu"" x'G5 s]xL jif{ otf g]kfnsf] ;Ful7t If]qdfklg u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxn] nufgL ug{yfn]sf 5g xf]6]n, ko{6g, jt' lgof{t, lzIff,

jfYo, ;~rf, ;]jf lgof{t htf ljljw If]qdf u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf] nufgL x]sf]

kfO{G5 sltko u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLn] cfgf kljfhg ;flyefOnfO{ g]kfndf Joj;fo

;' ug{ ljtf ug{ k"hLut ;xof]u u]sf 5g

oBlk cGo d'n'ssf] pbfx0f x]g]{ xf] eg] 8fokf]fsf] k"hL nufgL d"nt tLg k|sfaf6

lelqPsf] kfO{G5 klxnf] xf] 8fokf]fsf ;bon] cfgf jf kljfsf] gfpaf6 ;~rfng

ug]{ Joj;fodf u]sf] nufgL of] k|ToIf nufgL xf] w]} h;f] JolQmut s]xL cjyfdf;Lldt JolQmx ldn] d'n's leq Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{df k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 ;'?df

u}cfjf;Loxn] ug]{ nufgL ot} k|sfsf] x'g] ub{5 w]} h;f] cgf}krfls kdf x'g]

x'gfn] otf] nufgLsf] fd|f] tYof pknAw x'g ufx|f] x'G5 g]kfndf xfn;Dd ePsf] w]}

h;f] u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] nufgL ot} ju{df kb{5 of] ljQLo ;fwgsf] nufgL dfq geO{

Joj;fo ;+rfngdf ;d]t ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g] k|s[of xf]


38/116

- 32 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

bf]>f] k|sfsf] nufgL 8fokf]fsf JolQmsf] jfldTjdf x]sf ljb]zdf btf{ ePsf-ljb]zL_ s+kgLxn] jb]zdf ug]{ nufgL xf] sfg'gL kdf x]bf{ ljb]zL sDkgLaf6 leqg] of]

nufgLnfO{ cGo ljb]zL nufgL ;x lng ;lsG5 sltko cjyfdf cfjf;Lo JolQmxsf]

jfldTjdf x]sf] ljb]zdf btf{df x]sf] sDkgLsf] nufgL ;d]t o;df kb{5g ljb]zdf

;Ful7t Joj;fo uL j;]sf Joj;fodf ;kmntf xfl;n uL;s]sf 8fokf]fsf ;boxn]

otf] k|sfaf6 nufgL leofp5g g]kfnL gfuLsn] ljb]zdf s] stf] xjyfdf cfgf]

jfldTjdf pBf]u Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] eGg] k|i6 sfg'gL Jojyf geO{;s]sf] cjyfdf

g]kfndf otf] nufgL leqg] ;Defjgf sd 5 lelqP klg To;sf] jldTj g]kfnL gfuLs

ePsf] k|i6 geP;Dd ljb]zL nufgLs} kdf leqg] ;Defjgf 5 otf] k|sfsf] nufgLdf

klg nufgLstf{sf] Joj;fo ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;xefuLtf x'g] ub{5

t]>f] k|sfdf 8fokf]faf6 ;sfsf] j08, cfjf;Lo sDkgLxsf] z]o, l8j]Gr, Do"r'cn

km08 cflbdf x'g] kf]6{kmf]lnof] nufgL xf] o;df lghL If]qsf sDkgLxn] u}cfj;Lo

gfuLsxnfO{ laqmL ug]{ z]o, l8j]Gr, Do"r'cn km08 htf ;+o'Qm nufgLsf ljlQo ;fwg

kb{5g g]kfndf k"hL ahf dfkm{t u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLn] nufgL ug]{ k|i6 k|s[of gePsf]n]

cem;Dd otf] nufgL lelqg] ;}4flGts cjyf l;h{gf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g km]l ljQLo If]qsf

k|lti7fgxn] jfx]s sd} dfq g]kfnL sDkgLxn] k"hL ahf dfkm{t k"hL ;+sng, klrfng

ug]{ u]sf]n] klg o;sf] ;+efjgf sd} x]sf] 5

o;sf] cltlQm ;sf jf ;sfL jfldTjdf x]sf ljQLo ;+yfxn] cfgf] 8fokf]fnfO{

nlIft uL 8fokf]f j08 dfkm{t klg k"hL klrfng u]sf] pbfx0f kfpg ;lsG5

Ohfonn] ;g !(%! b]lvg} ljb]zdf ag] OhfonL 8fokf]f dfem 8fokf]f j08 lgisf;g

u] ljsf;sfnflu >f]t klrfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 Ohfonsf] ljsf; lgud (Development

Corporation for Israel) n] ;g !(%! ;fndf yfkgf kZrft ox'bL 8fokf]faf6 ljb]zL

d'b|fsf] ;DklQsf kdf p7fpg] u]sf] 8fokf]f j08 dfkm{t @% cj 8n eGbf a9L k"hL

klrfng uLPsf] cg'dfg 5 Ohfonn] of] j08 ox'bL 8fokf]fnfO{ Ohfonsf] ljsf;df;+nUg ufO{ fVg k|of]u u]sf] kfOG5 of] j08 dfkm{t Ohfonn] ;d'b|sf] kfgLaf6 g'g

lgsfnL kfgL ;kmf ug]{ htf 7"nf k"jf{wf klof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 Ohfonsf]

j08df lbOg] Jofhb cd]lsL ;sfsf] 6]hL ljnsf xffxfLdf jf of] eGbf sd x'g] u]sf]

kfOG5 o; cy{df of] OhfonL 8fokf]fn] OhfonnfO{ ahfdf eGbf ;tf]df pknAw

ufpg] >f]t xf] eftn] cfgf] ljb]zL d'b|sf] e08f a9fpg ot} lsl;dsf] j08 hfL u]sf]


39/116

- 33 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

5 klxnf] k6s !((! sf] ljb]zL ljlgodsf] ;+s6 kl5 z'? uLPsf] Ol08of 8]enkd]G6 j08gfdsf 8fokf]f j08n hfL u]sf] lyof] To;kl5 klg !((* df l;h]{G6 Ol08of j08

-cf0fljs kLIf0f kl5sf] k|ltjGwsf] k|efj dTy kfg{_ ;g @))) df Ol08of ldn]lgcd

j08 dfkm{t ljb]zL ljlgod klrfng uLPsf] lyof] eftLo 6]6 a}+s dfkm{t hfL ePsf

oL ljQLo ;fwgdf lbOg] Jofh o'f]k cd]lsfsf sDkgLxn] cfgf] j08df lbg] Jofh eGbf

sd lyPg t eftnfO{ C0f lb+bf flvg] hf]lvdsf] lk|ldcdnfO{ o;n] s]xL xb;Dd sd

u] eftnfO{ ljb]zL ljlgdo klrfng ug{ d2t u]sf] lyof] oL j08x dfkm{t eftn]

!! cj 8n eGbf j9L sd klrfng ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5

g]kfndf g t ;sfaf6 g t s'g} ljQLo ;+yfaf6 xfn;Dd g]kfnL 8fokf]fnfO{ klnlIft

uL j08 hfL uLPsf] 5 lghL If]qn] klg u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsfnflu lwtf]kq hfL u]sf]

5}g em08} $ jif{ cl3 ePsf] u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;Dd]ngdf u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxaf6g}

;~rfng ug]{ uL otf] ;fwg klrfng ug]{ s'f jx;df cfPsf] lyof] t u}cfjf;Lo

g]kfnL ;+3sf] ljlwjt btf{ gePsf], g]kfndf otf] km08 ;~rfng ug]{ sfg'g ;f+u7lgs

;+rgfsf] cefj otf] km08 jf6 g]kfndf x'g] nufgLsf klof]hgfx k|i6 gePsf]

cjyfdf of] km08 ;~rfngdf cfpg ;lsx]sf] 5}g otf] km08 jf] s]xL cWoog eP klg

;fd"lxs nufgLsf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;+rgf ljgf of] km08 ;~rfngdf cfpg sl7g

b]lvG5

eft Ohfon jfx]s c d'n'sn] 8fokf]f j08sf] pkof]u u]sf] kfOb}g x'gt >Ln+sf,

blIf0f clk|msf, n]jgfg htf d'n'sn] klg cfgf] C0f kq 8fokf]fsf ;bonfO{ j]r]sf

pbfx0f kfOG5g oL dfWodsf cltlQm w]} d'n'sn] 8fokf]fsf ;bonfO{ klnlIft uL

a}+sdf ljb]zL d'b|sf] vftf (Foreign Currency Deposit) sf] dfWodaf6 ljb]zL ljlgdo

klrfng u]sf 5g g]kfndf klg a}b]lzs d'b|fdf cfo x'g] g]kfnL gfuLsnfO{ otf] ;'ljwf

pknJw 5 t otf] vftfaf6 sd t'Gt lgsfNg ;lsg] x'bf o;n] bL3{sflng nufgLsf

>f]tsf] 7fp lng ;Sb}g

;du|df g]kfndf u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf] Ifdtf cg';fsf] nufgL cfpg ;lsx]sf] 5}g

u}cfjf;Lo nufot hf] s;}sf] klg cln 7"nf] dfqfsf] nufgL klrfng ug{ ;j{k|yd t

g]kfnsf] nufgLsf] jftfj0fdf g} ;'wf x'g' kb{5 eftLo rLlgof 8fokf]fsf] Oltxf;

@)) jif{ eGbf dflysf] 5 t klg rLgdf 8fokf]fsf] nufgL ;g !(*) sf] bzskl5


40/116

- 34 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

eftdf Tof] eGbf klg kl5 dfq b]lvg] kdf ;' ePsf] xf] zflGt ;'Iff, ljlwsf] zf;g,fhg}lts yfloTj ljgf nufgLsf] jftfj0f aGg ;Sb}g

g]kfndf u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxnfO{ k|ToIf nufgLsf] >f]tsf kdf dfq x]lg] u]sf] 5 w]}

sd ;+Vofdf g]kfnLx ljb]zdf cfgf] Joj;fo ;~rfng uL j;]sfn] pgLxaf6 x'g] cfg}

nufgL sd} dfqfsf] x'g ;S5 t pgLxnfO{ g]kfndf c nufgL leofpg] s8Lsf kdf

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 ljz]iftM ljb]zdfg} pgLxnfO{ g]kfn;Fu ;DjlGwt Joj;fo ;~rfng

ug{ a9jf lbP jf pgLx sfo{t x]sf] sDkgL, ;+yfnfO{ g]kfndf cfgf] Joj;fo ljtf

ug{ ;xof]u u] pgLxn] nufgLnfO{ a9jf lbg ;Sb5g ;fy} g]kfnLxsf] jfldTjdf

x]sf ljb]zdf x]sf sDkgLxnfO{ g]kfndf cfgf] Joj;fo ljtf ug{a9jf lbP klg

nufgL klrfng ug{ ;lsG5 o;sf nflu g]kfnsf] jfXo nufgL ;DaGwL sfg'gL Jojyfdf

kljt{g x'g' hL 5 clxn];Dd s] stf] cjyfdf g]kfnL gfuLsn] ljb]zdf nufgL ug{

;S5 ljb]zdf u]sf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn g]kfndf Nofpbf jf g]kfndf nufgL ubf{ s] k|lqmof

ckgfpg' kb{5 eGg] s'f k|i6 5}g of] k|i6 kflg' hL eO{ ;s]sf] 5

ljgf ;fd"lxs nufgL s'g} klg d'n's ;d'Ggt ePsf] kfOb}g k"hL ahf dfkm{t nufgL

klrfng geP;Dd 7"nf] dfqsf] nufgL ;Dej x'b}g ;;fgf nufgLstf{n] 7"nf klof]hgfdf

nufgL ug{ ;Sb}gg t;y{ ;fd"lxs nufgLsf sfg'gL Pj+ ;+rgfTds cfwf agfpg'sf ;fy}k"hL ahf dfkm{t klg u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] nufgL klrfng ug{ ;Sg] uL P]g lgod

th{'df x'g' hL eO{ ;s]sf] 5 ;+o'Qm nufgLsf] dfWod ljsf; x'g] xf] eg] klg yf]} sdfO{

ug]{ u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxn] klg s]xL g s]xL cfgf] art pTkfbgzLn If]qdf klrfng ug]{

lyP o;sfnflu ;sf ljlQo ;+yfxn] u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] nufgL klrfng x'g]

k|sfsf ljlQo pks0f Nofpg ;Sg' k]sf] 5 otf] pks0f ljz]ifuL j}b]zLs f]hufLdf

uPsfxnfO{ klnlIft uLg' kb{5

ljb]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnLxdfem ljleGg sf0fn] ljb]zL gfuLstf lng] k|rng a9bf]

5 xfn;Dd ljb]zL gfuLstf lnPkl5 g]kfnsf] gfuLstf TofUg' kg]{ pgLxnfO{ g]kfncfpg hfg le;f lng' kg]{, ;DklQ vlb ljlqm ug{ gkfpg], cflb sf0fn] pgLxsf] ;Defljt

nufgLaf6 g]kfn al~rt 5 ljb]zL gfuLstf lnPsf JolQmxnfO{ klg g]kfn;usf]

;fldKotf sfod} fVgsf nflu pgLxnfO{ klg g]kfndf s]xL ug]{ efjgf agfpg ljz]if

kxn x'g' hL 5 bf]xf]f] gfuLstfsf] k|fjwfg fVg ;Sg] xf] eg] pgLxsf] nufgL

leofpg s]xL xb;Dd ;xh x'g]5


41/116

- 35 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

$= pk;+xf/ Mu}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ nufgLsf] >f]tsf] ;Lldt bfofaf6 dfq x]g{'sf] ;66f g]kfnsf] cfly{s

;fdflhs kfGt0fsf] ;+jfxssf kdf x]lg' kb{5 u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxnfO{ g} ;ul7t

eO{ g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs hLjgdf lqmofzLn x'g k|f]T;fxg uLg' kb{5 ljz]if uL

kljt{gsf] ;+jfxs aGg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf JolQmx aLrsf] ;+hfn ljsf; ePdf o;af6

fd|f] pknAwL xfl;n x'g ;S5 s6Nof08 lgjf;Lxsf]GlobalScot lrlnogxsf]Chile

Global, d]sl;sgxsf] Red de alentos para Innovacion cflbn] 8fokf]fn] cfgf]

;+hfn dfkm{t cfgf] pbudsf] kfGt0fdf s;L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] b]vfO;s]sf

5g 8fokf]fsf] ;j} k|sfsf ;fwgsf] ;b'kof]usf nflu lgZro g} ;sfn] gLlt pko'Qm;+rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Qm5 otf] sfd u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3sf] ;s[o ;xof]udf uLg'

kb{5 u}cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxn] klg cfg} kxndf ;+hfnsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ ;+o'Qm kdf g]kfnsf]

ljleGg If]qsf] kfGt0fsf nflu sfd ug{ ;Qm5g ;+;fel 5lP x]sf g]kfnLx

cfcfgf] If]qdf ;kmn eP g} g]kfn Ps ;jn fi6 jGb5 j9L ;] j9L nufgL leofpg

g]kfnn] hf] sf]xL;Fu k|ltkwf{ ug{ ;Sg] jftfj0f lbg} kb{5 o;f] uLbfF u}cfjf;Lo

g]kfnLx o; sfddf kljt{gsf] ;+jfxs (Agents of Change) x'g;S5g


42/116

- 36 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfndflghLs/0f M ;d:of /;dfwffg;/sf/n] ;a} s'/f b]Vg'kb{5 t/ ;a} If]qdf 6]Sg'x'Fb}g

!= cjwf/0ffTds ljsf;M

fHon] cfgf cfd gfuLsnfO{ pgLxsf] OR5f, cfsf+Iff

cfjZostf klk"lt{ ub}{ n}hfg] pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ nf]s

sNof0fsfL fHo -Welfare State_ sf] cjwf0ffdf ;g !(&) sf]

bzs kZrft kljt{g b]vf kof] hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf fHo;+oGqaf6 dfq k|bfg uLg] nf]s sNof0fsfL fHosf] j?kdf

kljt{g uL oL sfo{df lghL If]qsf] clwsflws ;+nUgtfdf

;+rfng uLg] uL ;sfL xtIf]k sd ub}{ ;sf Ps ;xof]uL

lgodgstf{sf] e"ldsfdf xg] ;Lldt fHo -Minimum State_ sf]

cjwf0ffn] nf]slk|otf k|fKt ub}{ cfPaf6 ;g !(*) sf] bzsdf

lghLs0f -Privatization_ sf] ljZjJofkL nx b]vf kof]

;sfn] pko'Qm, ;se yf]} cTofjZosLo If]qdf dfq xft xfNg] tyf xft xfn]sf sfdx

ldtJooL 9Fun], s'zntfk"j{s ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ cfzon] l56f] 5ltf] ;sfsf] gffsf ;fy

;'zf;g -Good Governance_ sf] cjwf0ffn] klg lghLs0fnfO{ cufl8 a9fof]

o;}uL ;sfL lgoGq0fdf x]sf ;fj{hlgs k|lti7fgxsf] sfo{s'zntfsf] sdLaf6

pTkGg ;sfL 3f6f sd ug{ Totf k|lti7fgxsf] s'zn ;+rfngsf nflu lghL If]qsf]

Joj;flostf k|j]z ufpg] p2]Zon] klg lghLs0fnfO{ cufl8 ;fg]{ k|of; yflnPsf] xf] eGg

;lsG5

lghL If]q ;Ifd ePsf If]qdf ;sfn] cfgf] jfldTj lgoGq0fdf ;+rfng uL cfPsf;+yfgx lghL If]qdf xtfGt0f ub}{ hfg] gLltsf] kmnj?k lghLs0f k|lqmof cjnDag

uLof]

*zfvf clws[t, pBf]u dGqfno

rGb| axfb' sfsL{


43/116

- 37 -

pBf]u / ljsf;

oL cjwf0ffsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ g} lghLs0f ;sfL k|lti7fgnfO{ lghL jfldTjdf n}hfg],cy{tGqsf] ljleGg If]qdf x]sf] PsflwsfnfO{ cGTo uL k|ltkwf{Tds jftfj0f l;h{gf ub}{

v'Nnf tyf pbf cfly{s gLlt cjnDag ug]{ clek|fon] cufl8 ;flPsf] xf] eGg ;lsG5

ljZjdf lghLs0fsf] klxnf] v'8lsnf] ;g !(&( df j]nfotdf ePsf] a[l6z k]6f]lnod

sDkgL sf] lghLs0fnfO{ lng] uLG5

g]kfndf lghLs0f ;DaGwL k|of; ljut s]xL bzs otf k|fDe ug]{ k|of; uLPsf] eP tfklg

cf7f}+ of]hgf b]lv z'? ePsf] kfOG5 ;g !((@ df ePsf] e[s'6L sfuh sfvfgf sf]

Joj;fo Pj+ ;DklQ ljqmLsf] sfo{nfO{ klxnf] lghLs0fsf] yfngL ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5

@= lghLs/0f s] xf]

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Nepal Industrial Development Digest 2009_MoI