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Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection for Enforcement of Forest Reserves in Mato Grosso. Washington DC March 9-10, 2009. Land Governance in Support of the MDG’s: Responding to New Challenges. Carlos Souza Jr., Ph.D. Senior Researcher [email protected]. Contributions from: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection for Enforcement of Forest Reserves in Mato GrossoLand Governance in Support of the MDG’s:
Responding to New ChallengesWashington DC
March 9-10, 2009
Carlos Souza Jr., Ph.D.Senior Researcher
www.imazon.org.br
Contributions from:Sanae Hayash
Aldalberto Veríssimo
Deforestation in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Area of 903.357 km2 with 47% within the Amazon Biome
6,800 km2/year was the average annual deforestation from 2000 to 2008,
37% of the total deforestation in this period (i.e. 61,600 km2)
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conference 2
Source: Prodes-INPE (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/)
Land Categories and Forest Reserves in Mato Grosso
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conference 3
Land Category
Area (km2)
%
Indigenous Land
128,216 14
Conservation Units
41,089 5
Rural Settlement
42,161 5
Private Lands (SLAPR)
191,347 21
Government Land
500,543 55
The majory of the Forest Reserves in Mato Grosso are outside protected areas, and are subjected to the Brazilian Forest Code.
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conference 4
Brazilian Forest Code Area of Permanent Protection - APP
Forest and original vegetation must be preserved: along rivers (varies from 30 to 500 m) 1/3 from the top of hills High slope areas (> 30%)
Legal Reserve (LR) Forest areaForest area within a rural property, excluding the
Area of Permanent Protection (APP), for sustainable use and conservation purposes (Art. 1º, § 2º III, da MP 2.166-67/2001)
Land owners within the Amazon Biome are required to keep 80% of their property as Legal Reserve.
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conference 5
Defining Legal Reserve: Mato Grosso Land Tenure System (SLAPR)
SLAPR – “Sistema de Licenciamento Ambiental de Propriedades Rurais” Rural Property Environmental Licensing System
SLAPR – SIMLAM (Web SLAPR – SIMLAM (Web Access)Access)
http://monitoramento.sema.mt.gov.br/simlam/template.aspx?destino=Mapas.aspx
Integrated Approach to Monitor and Control Integrated Approach to Monitor and Control DeforestationDeforestation
MonitoringMonitoring
LicensingLicensing Field Enforcement
Field Enforcement
Legal ComplianceLegal Compliance
• Detection and identification of illegal deforestation
• Spatial Analyses
• Registry and technical analysis
• Granting licenses and authorizations
• Field operations• Serving violation
notices
• Administrative• Civil• Criminal
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conference
Deforestation Alert System (SAD – Deforestation Alert System (SAD – Sistema de Alerta de Desmatamento)Sistema de Alerta de Desmatamento)
145
Julian Day
177
Julian Day
209
Julian Day
241
Julian Day
May 24, 2004 June 25, 2004 July 27, 2004 August 28, 2004
May 24, 2004
June 09, 2004
June 25, 2004
July 11, 2004
July 27, 2004
August 28, 2004August 12, 2004
Total area = 3100 haDeforestation Rate = 30 ha/dia
Deforestation Time-Series
MODIS Imagery
SAD 2.0 - SAD 2.0 - Sistema de Alerta de DesmatamentoSistema de Alerta de Desmatamento
Daily image Temporal Composite
to
t1
Image Endmembers
SMA
NDFI
Forest Change DetectionMonthly Statistics
Desmatamento: NDFI <125
Degradação: 125< NDFI >165
11 22
33
44
Desmatamento Anterior
Floresta
Degradação Florestal
Desmatamento
% GV % Soil % NPV
Deforestation Bulletin: Forest Deforestation Bulletin: Forest TransparencyTransparency
Souza Jr., Land Governance Conferencehttp://www.imazon.org.br/novo2008/publicacoes_ler.php?idpub=672
Detecting Illegal Deforestation in Forest Reserves of Mato Grosso with SAD
Land CategoryArea(km²)
%
Not in SLAPR (A) 3.507 58¹
SLAPR (B) 1.758 29¹
Total SLAPR (C = A+B) 5.265 87²
Rural Settlement (D) 699 11²
Conservation Unit (E) 38 1²
Indigenous Land (F) 84 1²
Total (km²) (G = C+D+E+F)
6.086
Deforestation at Juruena
National Park, MT
Deforesation Detected with SAD in Mato Grosso (2004-2008)
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 12
Land Categories and Biomes
Aug04-Jul05
Area (km2)
Aug05-Jul06
Area (km2)
Aug06-Jul07
Area (km2)
Aug07-Jul08
Area (km2) Total
Total Deforestation in the Amazon Biome 6,387 4,167 1,722 1,274 13,673
Rural Settlements 876 663 416 177 2,160Indigenous Land 187 55 39 73 354
State Conservation Unit 17 31 9 10 68Federal Conservation Unit 3 2 4 1 9
SLAPR 2,110 1,333 394 376 4,245Outside SLAPR 3,194 2,084 861 637 6,837
Transitional Forests 2,350 1,919 790 833 5,769
Total Deforestation 8,737 6,086 2,512 2,107 19,442
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 13
Monitoring Legal Reserve of Rural Properties
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
2004 2005 2006 2007
De
fore
sta
tio
n (
km
²/Y
ea
r)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
De
fore
sta
tio
n (
%)Unknown
Illegal Deforestation
% of Unknown
% of Illegal Deforestation
Illegal Deforestation in Rural Properties
Legal Reserve in Rural Properties
Deforestation in Rural Properties
Enforcing Forestry Code
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 14
SEMA will enforce land owners responsiblefor illegal deforestation detected by SAD
Mato Grosso State web page.
Strategic Dissemination
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 15
Photo: ICV
Figure 3. Main healine for the period of January through March 2003 which states that deforestation rates doubled in to States of the Brazilian Amazon.
Deforestation Increases in the Rainy Season
NGO Confirms Deforetation Increase
Law Enforcement in Protected Areas
Law Enforcement in Protected Areas
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 18
Conclusions
Mato Grosso State has the most advanced Land Tenure System in place in the Brazilian Amazon
The system can be integrated with satellite imagery to detected illegal deforestation
Transparency has increased in the forest sector but law enforcement is still not effective
Acknowledgement
David and Lucile Packard Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Souza Jr., Tenure registration in Mato Grosso. 19
