NEAP 2006 Solutions

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Trial Examination 2006

VCE Biology Unit 1

Written Examination

Suggested Solutions

SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

VCE Biology Unit 1 Trial Examination Suggested Solutions

Copyright © 2006 Neap TEVBIOU1_SS_06.FM 2

Question 1 A

Cells of type A may be photosynthetic since they are prokaryotic and some prokaryotic cells, cyanobacteria, can photosynthesise.

The other options are incorrect as these cells can respire aerobically, do contain plasma membranes and are smaller than cells of type B.

Question 2 C

Option C is correct since both prokaryotes and eukaryotes synthesise proteins.

The other options are incorrect since Cell B is most likely an animal cell and hence a eukaryote, and so can form part of a multicellular organism. It does not have a cell wall, yet cell A does. Cell A does not have any membrane-bound organelles, and hence has no nucleus.

Question 3 D

Options A, B and C are incorrect since both cells contain DNA, enzymes and complex organic compounds, so no distinction could be made between them on this basis.

Only cell B, however, has membrane-bound organelles, so option D is correct.

Question 4 B

As the cell from which the organelle was taken belonged to an organism that was motile and multicellular, it must have been an animal cell. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts. Cytoplasm and enzymes would also be present, but these are not organelles. Hence options A, C and D are incorrect.

Mitochondria would likely be present as they provide energy for cellular processes (e.g. movement) in the form of ATP, so option B is correct.

Question 5 D

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, so option D is correct.

Option A is incorrect since only eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria; option B is incorrect because aerobic respiration liberates much more energy than anaerobic respiration; and option C is incorrect because aerobic respiration is dependent on glycolysis to provide pyruvate.

Question 6 C

Enzymes are made up of proteins, which are made up of amino acids.

Question 7 A

All the responses other than A are complex compounds containing carbon (i.e. they are organic compounds).

Question 8 D

D is a mitochondrion in which glucose is broken down, for example, into carbon dioxide and water. The other organelles are chloroplast (A), nucleus (B) and ribosome (C).



Question 9 B

Option B is correct because osmosis is a process which moves a solvent, usually water, from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Option A is incorrect since oxygen and carbon dioxide move by diffusion, option C is incorrect as osmosis is a passive process, and option D is incorrect because the membrane involved could be artificial (i.e. not part of a living organism).

Question 10 C

Option C is correct because the role of chlorophyll is to absorb light energy and convert it intochemical energy.

The other options are incorrect because: chlorophyll reflects green light rather than absorbs it, but this reflection is not the role of chlorophyll in a photosynthetic cell; and the conversion of inorganic substances to organic compounds is a complex, multi-stepped and enzyme-controlled process.

Question 11 C

The other options are incorrect because: M can only represent mitosis, as the diagram shows a continuing cycle and meiosis would end with the production of gametes; S represents the synthesis of DNA, and the separation of two cells occurs at the end of the M phase; and the nuclear membrane disappears during theM phase.

Question 12 B

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs at the end of mitosis.

Question 13 B

X is towards the end of the M phase and would best be represented by telophase, which is shown in option B.

Question 14 A

Heterotrophs and autotrophs have different methods of gaining organic compounds (i.e. different modes of nutrition), but not of gaining inorganic compounds. The organisation of cells is similar for both and the mode of reproduction is not influenced by this terminology.

Question 15 D

Option D is correct as both heterotrophs and autotrophs use osmosis to obtain water from the environment and both can produce water during aerobic respiration.

The other options are incorrect because organic nutrients are synthesised by autotrophs and consumed by heterotrophs, and photosynthetic autotrophs can produce their own oxygen whereas heterotrophs are unable to do so.

Question 16 B

Option B is the only correct option.Since the unpigmented parts of the leaf, 1 and 4, would not have chlorophyll, they would not photosynthesise and produce starch under any circumstances. Part 3 is, in effect, not exposed to light since the green light passing through the filter is reflected by chlorophyll, so no photosynthesis would occur in this part of the leaf either.



Question 17 C

Option C is correct since water lost from the leaves is replaced from the reservoir.Option A and D are incorrect because water moves through the xylem vessels, which are dead.Option B is incorrect as the loss of water by transpiration is due to external factors (e.g. external temperature and air movement.) Solute concentration would be responsible for water movement into or out of the stem, but transpiration does not depend on water movement into or out of the stem.

Question 18 A

From the results it can be seen that the greatest increase in transpiration rate occurs when the plant goes from being in the dark to being in the light. For example, if we compare condition 1 to condition 3, or condition 2 to condition 4, there is an increase of 1.3 – 1.5 mL/hour. If condition 1 and condition 2, or condition 3 and condition 4, are compared, the increase due to air movement is only 0.4 – 0.6 mL/hour.

Question 19 B

B is correct as the fish’s circulatory system is closed. This allows for the efficient diffusion of O2 into the gill filaments and CO2 out. Options A, C and D are incorrect because gills have a large surface area to volume ratio, use water currents created by the movement of the fish and are permeable to water and gases.

Question 20 C

Option C is correct as the increased temperature decreases the amount of gas dissolved in the water.

The other options are incorrect as the increased temperature would increase the rate of diffusion, not decrease it, and respiratory surfaces must be moist for efficient gas exchange.

Question 21 C

The amount of O2 in the veins has decreased, but the amount in the arteries is the same during exercise. Hence the difference in percentage saturation is greater than before and so the amount of O2 unloaded isalso greater.

Question 22 B

Option B is correct since mammals do excrete urea.

The other options are incorrect since both reptiles and birds excrete uric acid, and fish excrete ammonia.

Question 23 D

Option A is incorrect because asexual and sexual reproduction regularly occur in the same organism; mitosis, binary fission and budding are examples of asexual reproductive processes. Option B is incorrect because meiosis is used by sexually reproducing organisms for the production of gametes. Option C is incorrect because higher plants and animals do not reproduce asexually.

Question 24 C

The other options are incorrect because: for option A, knowing where the organism was found living may be useful, but not to classify it into its class; in option B the subphylum Vertebrata has a backbone as a feature, and this is common to many classes; for option D a constant body temperature, a physiological adaptation, is a class characteristic for birds as well as mammals.

Question 25 D

Option D is correct because the classification hierarchy places phyla above the level of classes. Options A, B, C are incorrect because the classification hierarchy places orders, families and genera below the levelof classes.



SECTION B: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 1

a. i. Absorption 1 mark

ii. The cell has a large surface area to volume ratio, as shown by the extensions. 1 mark

b. i. Eukaryotic 1 mark

ii. One of:

• has membrane-bound organelles;

• contains a nucleus;

• shows internal detail;

• or any other suitable answer.

1 markTotal 4 marks

Question 2

a. i. A and C 1 mark

ii. The concentration of A and C in the blood of the intestinal wall is high (20 mmol/L) in the case without cyanide solution. 1 mark

The concentration of A and C in the blood of the intestinal wall is reduced in the presence of cyanide because cyanide inhibits active transport by reducing the use of energy by the cells of the intestinal wall.This indicates that all the sugar has moved in, so it is not only diffusion that is occurring, as is the case with sugar B. 1 mark

iii. Active processes occur in living systems, requiring energy. 1 mark

In active transport, the substance moves against the concentration gradient. 1 mark

b. Osmosis (1), diffusion (1) or facilitated diffusion (1). 2 marks

c. Cellular respiration 1 markTotal 8 marks

Question 3

a. Any two of the following:

• the temperature of the experiment;

• the volume of the substances used;

• the concentration of the protein;

• or any other reasonable answer.2 marks

b. One of:

• for pepsin to work efficiently, an acidic environment is required;

• pepsin will slowly break down protein even if not in an acidic environment;

• acid alone has no effect on protein;

• or any other suitable conclusion.2 marks



c. i. Digestion has occurred in tubes 4 and 5. 1 mark

The reason is that the egg white, which has been cooked, is white and as digestionoccurs the products, polypeptides, are clear. 1 mark

ii. This is used as a comparison 1 mark

to show that protein alone will not go clear or slightly clear during the experiment 1 mark

OR any other suitable reason.Total 8 marks

Question 4

a. Light 1 mark

b. i. Oxygen gas 1 mark

ii. Aerobic respiration 1 mark

c. Glucose or starch 1 mark

d. Diffusion 1 mark

Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration to establish equilibrium. 1 mark

Total 6 marks

Question 5

a. i. Bile, not digestive enzymes 1 mark

ii. Bile is responsible for the emulsification of fat (physical digestion), which increases the surface area of the fat and aids chemical digestion by enzymes (lipase). 1 mark

b. i. One of:

• large surface area (surface area to volume ratio);

• thin walls;

• rich blood supply;

• moist surface.1 mark

ii. To award the mark, the answer must relate to the answer given in part b i. and describe how it assists. For example:

• a large surface area (surface area to volume ratio) allows for a large amount of substances to passefficiently through the membrane; or

• being moist allows substances to dissolve and hence diffuse more easily, as with being thin; or

• having a rich blood supply maintains diffusion gradients.1 mark

Total 4 marks

Question 6

a. i. Upper epidermis 1 mark

ii. Lower epidermis and upper epidermis 1 mark

b. Stomata regulate the passage of gases into and out of a leaf. 1 mark

c. The adaptation must be behavioural. For example, the turning of the leaf 1 mark

to present the smallest surface area to the sun. 1 mark

OR any other suitable behavioural adaptation named and described correctly.



d. A structural adaptation of the marram grass.

For example, the extensive hairs 1 mark

which enable the reabsorption of water lost from the stomata. 1 mark

OR

any other suitable structural adaptation named and described correctly.Total 7 marks

Question 7

a. Capillaries 1 mark

as they have the smallest diameter, they would present the greatest resistance to the flow of blood. 1 mark

b. It could increase the blood pressure. 1 markTotal 3 marks

Question 8

a. Kidney 1 mark

b. Fish live in a watery environment and the ammonia they excrete readily dissipatesinto the water. 1 mark

Total 2 marks

Question 9

a. The bonds would be broken at the body tissues. 1 mark

b. The carbon monoxide combines with the haemoglobin and reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, which leads to tiredness. 1 mark

c. If the tuna is confined in a small aquarium, it cannot move enough water over its gills to gain a suitable level of oxygen. 1 mark

Total 3 marks

Question 10

a. The potatoes are different varieties, and due to sexual reproduction 1 mark

the offspring have features of both parents. 1 mark

b. Mitosis 1 mark

c. They are in the same species 1 mark

as they are able to reproduce together to form viable and fertile offspring. 1 markTotal 5 marks

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NEAP 2006 Solutions