Nature and Nurture on Development of Gender Identity

8/18/2019 Nature and Nurture on Development of Gender Identity

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Nature and

Nurture Factors toexplain the

Development ofGender Identity

By : Kaliguhan a/l Baskaran

Khairul Anuar Bin Samsudin


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What is Gender Identity?

• Gender Identity is what we call ourselves

• !here are many other words "or gender

other than #male$ and #"emale$

***Other Identities can also be described as Transgender,

Transsexual, Female to MaleTranssexual (FTM), Male toFemale Transsexual, and

Gender queer.


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• Gender identity is "ormed as children search "or social

cues and dis%lay a%%roval "or others &ased u%on the

gender with which the child identi"ies' though genderidentity is very "luid among young children

• Studies suggest that children develo% gender identity in

three distinct stages: as toddlers and %reschoolers' they

learn a&out de"ined characteristics' which are sociali(ed

as%ects o" gender) the second stage is consolidation' in

which identity &ecomes rigid' around the ages o" *+,

years) a"ter this -%eak o" rigidity'- "luidity returns and

socially de"ined gender roles


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• Gender identity is usually "ormed &y age

three and is e.tremely di""icult to change

a"ter that !he "ormation also commonlyconcludes &etween the ages o" "our and si.


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Natureand Nurture

Some human traits are fixed, such as having twoeyes. However, most psychological traits areliable to change with environmental experience.

Genes provide choices for the organism tochange its form or traits when environmental

variables change. Therefore, genes are pliable orself-regulating.


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• !he e.tent to gender identity is determined &y

sociali(ation environmental "actors0 and in1&orn

&iological0 "actors known as nature and nurture

While gender roles and se. di""erences are &oth

largely recogni(ed as in"luential in &ehaviour' it iso"ten di""icult to determine the se%arate im%acts o"

sociali(ation and genetic varia&les


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• Although there may &e discre%ancies as to

which "actor %lays the most im%ortant role'

there is e.tensive agreement that acom&ination o" many di""erent views and

%ers%ectives are needed "or a com%lete

understanding o" gender develo%ment


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• !he idea o" nature and nurture has had 2uite an e""ect

on gender identity 3ature has to do with the hormonal

as%ect and the genetic make u% 4ertain genetic

variations may %roduce gender1variant identities

Gender identity develo%ment has genetic in"luence


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• !he second as%ect is nurture' which has to

do with environmental as%ects and %arental

in"luence o" genetic identity 5arents are the

ones who create the values and &ehaviours

that their children create 6ost %arents tendto surround their children with gender1ty%ed

toys and clothes


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7.am%le :• 8ne o" the most known e.am%les o" nature and

nurture was the case o" 9avid eimer' otherwise

known as #;ohn/;oan$ As a &a&y' 9avid went

through a "aulty circumcision' losing his malegenitalia and "rom then on he was designed to &e a

girl 5sychologist ;ohn 6oney convinced eimer


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• eimer grew u% as a girl dressing in girl clothes

and was surrounded &y girl toys' &ut he still "elt asthough something was wrong 9avid did not "eel

like a girl and a"ter trying to commit suicide &y age

=>' eimer was then told he was &orn a &oy 8ncehe was told the truth' he immediately went into

surgery to get the %ro%er genitalia &ack !his went

against 6oney


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Another 7.am%le o" Gender Identity

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Nature and Nurture on Development of Gender Identity