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Dr Ayodhya S. MalalagamaConsultant PsychiatristBase Hospital Warakapola
Sri Lanka College of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine
22nd Annual Scientific Sessions – 2017
7th October
Sexual identity
Gender identity
Biological Cultural
Intercultural Communication: The Indian ContextRao RN, Thombre A 2015
Nascent Gender Identity
Sexuality
Personality
DisordersAnxieties
Peer interactions
Sexuality
PubertyPhysical
dev
Cisgender
Gender identity consistent with the
sex they were assigned at birth
Transgender
Gender identity that does not match the
sex they were assigned at birth.
Fluctuation of gender identity
some days / rather times awareness of a certain gender has suddenly grown strong in a
person in that very moment, without question
Gender fluid
Androgyne Gender which is simultaneously feminine and masculine
although not necessarily in equal amounts
Western society currently recognizes no set gender roles for androgynes
Non binary gender terms
gender ambiguous
gender bender
gender blender
gender smoothie
gender expansive
masculine of center
feminine of center
Ehrensaft D. 2011 Gender Born, Gender Made: Raising Healthy Gender-Nonconforming Children. New York, NY: The Experiment. 290 p. 2
Transgender / Transsexual
Prevalence: 1 in 30 000 natal males / 1 in 100 000 natal females
(Hoenig 1974)
Prevalence of self-reported transgender identity in children, adolescents and adults : 0.5 to 1.3%.
(Zucker 2017)
Refers to the broad spectrum of individuals who transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from their gender at birth.
Gender Identity Disorder
A. Marked incongruence between one’s experienced/ expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months duration, as manifested by 2 or more of the following indicators:
2. Strong desire to be rid of one’s primary and/or secondary sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with one’s experienced/expressed gender
3. Strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
4. Strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
5. Strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
6. Strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
B. The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, such as distress or disability
• Most research on risk for transgender women also assumes heterosexuality
• Being the receptive partner involving penetration (Bauer 2015).
• Due to lack of funding, research is focused mainly on HIV risk and prevention
• Not on other STIs
• or sexual health concerns, such as fertility or pregnancy(Reisner 2016).
All transgender persons should be screened at
least once for HIV. Repeat screening is based on HIV risk
assessment.National guidelines from the U.S. Centres for Disease Control (CDC) U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
References
1. Tharp AN. Gender Spectrum Theory.2. Madeline B. Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People,
Centre of Excellence for Transgender Health. June 17 (2), 2016.3. https://www.genderspectrum.org/quick-links/understanding-gender4. Coleman E, Bockting W, Botzer M, et al. Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender
nonconforming people, version 7. Int J Transgenderism. 2012;13(4):165–232.5. Eden K, Wylie K, Watson E. Gender dysphoria: recognition and assessment. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 18:2
-11.2012.6. Gates GJ. How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. The Williams Institute :4; 2011.7. http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/Thailand-empower-don’t-pity-trans-sex-worker8. Reisner SL, Perkovich B, Mimiaga M J. A mixed methods study of the sexual health needs of New England transmen
who have sex with nontransgender men. AIDS patient care and STDs, 24(8), 501-513. 2010.9. Herbst JH, Jacobs ED, Finlayson TJ, McKleroy VS, Neumann MS, Crepaz N. HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis
Team. Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 12(1), 1-17.2008.
10.Buhrich N, McConaghy N. Can Fetishism Occur in Transsexuals?. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 6;3.1977.