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1
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: K
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Tre
es
Tim
elin
e :
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g a
ques
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s
F.
Und
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
an
t in
co
nd
uct
ing
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p g
ather
Co
nce
pts
Cycl
es
(stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
and
dis
cover
that
tre
es h
ave
pre
dic
tab
le l
ife c
ycle
s).
Str
uct
ure
/Funct
ion (
stud
ents
use
thei
r
sen
ses
to o
bse
rve
and
id
enti
fy
stru
cture
s th
at h
ave
spec
ific
fu
nct
ion
s
in t
rees
).
Ob
serv
atio
n (
stud
ents
ob
serv
e t
rees
in
dif
fere
nt
stages
of
life
to
co
mp
are
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion a
t ea
ch s
tage)
.
Invest
igati
on (
stud
ents
mea
sure
circ
um
fere
nce
over
tim
e and
ob
serv
e
ph
ysi
cal
chan
ges
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
seas
on
s).
Big
Id
eas
Tre
es a
re a
live
and
have
char
act
eris
tics
that
mak
e th
em
dif
fere
nt
fro
m o
ther
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g t
hin
gs.
Tre
es h
ave
stru
cture
s and
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
that
all
ow
them
to
be
iden
tifi
ed.
Tre
es h
ave
stru
cture
s th
at h
elp
them
per
form
lif
e fu
nct
ions.
Tre
es a
re l
ivin
g o
rganis
ms
that
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o w
e kno
w t
rees
are
livin
g t
hin
gs?
What
are
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d
dif
fere
nce
s b
etw
een d
iffe
rent
tree
s an
d d
iffe
rent
leaves
?
Wh
y a
re t
rees
im
po
rtan
t?
Ho
w d
o t
rees
change
over
tim
e-a
s a
resu
lt o
f changin
g
seas
on
s an
d/o
r o
f gro
wth
?
In w
hat
ways
do
the
off
spri
ng
of
tree
s re
sem
ble
thei
r
par
ents
?
Ho
w d
o o
rgan
ism
s change
as
they g
o t
hro
ug
h t
heir
lif
e
cycl
es?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ass
essi
ng a
ccura
te u
se
of
scie
nti
fic
dis
cours
e
vo
cab
ula
ry.
Buil
d-A
-Tre
e:
Co
nst
ruct
ing a
nd
iden
tify
ing t
he
par
ts o
f
a tr
ee.
So
rtin
g l
eaves
:
Rec
og
niz
ing l
eaves
fro
m t
he
sam
e tr
ee b
y
shap
e, s
ize,
co
lor
and
oth
er p
rop
erti
es.
Tre
e/N
ot
a T
ree:
Iden
tify
ing t
rees
fro
m
oth
er l
ivin
g t
hin
gs.
Ho
w T
rees
Change:
Dra
win
g t
rees
in
dif
fere
nt
seaso
ns.
Ob
serv
atio
n
Puzz
les,
mat
chin
g
card
s, c
lass
and
ind
ivid
ual
jo
urn
als,
gam
es,
and
H - 1
001273
2
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e, m
ass
, te
xtu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
mat
eria
l co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Stu
dents
can o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by
usi
ng t
oo
ls t
hat
incl
ud
e ru
lers
, b
alan
ces,
ther
mo
met
ers
and
han
d l
ense
s.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
lants
and
anim
als
are
sim
ilar
to
and
dif
fere
nt
fro
m e
ach o
ther
in o
bse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s and
beh
avio
r.
Thes
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s d
isti
ng
uis
h t
hem
fro
m
each
oth
er a
nd
fro
m n
onli
vin
g t
hin
gs
Su
bst
ran
d B
. E
ach p
lant
or
anim
al h
as
dif
fere
nt
stru
cture
s th
at s
erve
dif
fere
nt
funct
ions
in g
row
th,
surv
ival
and
rep
rod
ucti
on.
Str
an
d T
wo
Ma
tter
an
d E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
lants
and
anim
als
are
livin
g t
hin
gs.
A
ll
livin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
incl
ud
ing a
ir,
wat
er,
foo
d (
nu
trie
nts
), s
pac
e, s
hel
ter,
and
lig
ht.
rep
rod
uce
, d
evel
op
, hav
e p
red
icta
ble
life
cycl
es a
nd
pas
s o
n t
rait
s to
thei
r o
ff
spri
ng.
Tre
es h
ave
bas
ic n
eed
s fo
r su
rviv
al.
The
stru
cture
s o
f tr
ees
can c
hange
over
tim
e in
res
po
nse
to
thei
r en
vir
on
ment
or
as a
res
ult
of
gro
wth
and
dev
elo
pm
ent.
Hu
man
s an
d a
nim
als
inte
ract
wit
h
tree
s.
teac
her
/stu
den
t
conver
sati
ons
are
tang
ible
evid
ence
of
und
erst
and
ing
s.
Invest
igati
on
s
FO
SS
Tre
e S
tori
es
H - 2
001274
3
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
Sev
en
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Liv
ing
Th
ing
s
Str
an
d O
ne
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
an
d D
evel
op
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and
anim
als
rese
mb
le t
he
par
ents
(i.
e.,
a tr
ee s
eed
lin
g r
esem
ble
s a
mat
ure
tre
e).
Su
bst
ran
d C
. A
ll p
lants
and
anim
als
go
thro
ugh a
lif
e
cycl
e o
f b
irth
, gro
wth
, d
evel
op
ment,
rep
rod
uct
ion,
and
dea
th.
This
cycl
e is
pre
dic
tab
le a
nd
des
crib
able
, b
ut
dif
fers
fro
m o
rganis
m t
o o
rganis
m.
Str
an
d T
wo
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Ev
olu
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and
an
imals
live
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
wo
rld
. T
hes
e p
lants
and
anim
als
can
be
gro
up
ed a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
they s
har
e.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le u
se t
he
var
iety
of
pla
nts
and
anim
als
fou
nd
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
wo
rld
fo
r fo
od
, cl
oth
ing,
and
shel
ter
(e.g
., s
ilk f
or
clo
thin
g,
wo
od
fo
r b
uil
din
g
shel
ters
).
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
. A
n i
nte
rco
nnect
ednes
s exis
ts a
mo
ng t
he
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
an e
nvir
on
ment.
T
his
inte
rco
nnec
ted
ness
can b
e o
bse
rved
by t
he
chan
ges
mad
e
H - 3
001275
4
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
by p
lants
and
anim
als
in t
hei
r en
vir
on
ment.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. P
lants
and
anim
als
nee
d e
no
ug
h s
pac
e an
d
reso
urc
es t
o s
urv
ive.
O
ver
cro
wd
ing l
ead
s to
an i
ncr
ease
d
nee
d f
or
reso
urc
es.
Un
it T
wo
: S
ense
s
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g a
ques
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
(m
ult
iple
op
port
unit
ies
for
invest
igat
ion
of
obje
cts
usi
ng t
he
five
sen
ses
are
giv
en
to s
tud
ents
thro
ug
ho
ut
this
unit
)
Invest
igati
on (
stud
ents
id
enti
fy o
bje
cts
usi
ng t
hei
r se
nse
s).
Rel
atio
nsh
ips
(bet
wee
n s
enso
ry
per
cep
tio
n,
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion)
Ord
er a
nd
Org
aniz
atio
n (
Stu
den
ts s
ort
obje
cts
usi
ng t
hei
r se
nse
s)
Big
Id
eas
Ther
e ar
e fi
ve
sen
ses,
sig
ht,
hea
ring,
touch
, sm
ell,
and
tas
te
Sp
ecif
ic t
oo
ls c
an e
xte
nd
so
me
of
our
sen
ses
The
use
of
each
sen
se p
rovid
es
dif
fere
nt
info
rmat
ion a
bo
ut
the
wo
rld
aro
und
us.
Ob
ject
s ca
n b
e id
enti
fied
or
des
crib
ed
usi
ng o
ne
or
mo
re o
f o
ur
sen
ses.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w c
an y
our
sense
s b
e use
d
to i
den
tify
an o
bje
ct?
Ho
w c
an y
our
sense
s b
e use
d
to s
ort
obje
cts?
Ho
w d
o y
our
sense
s hel
p y
ou
in a
n e
mer
gency?
What
are
so
me
scie
nti
fic
too
ls
that
can
exte
nd
yo
ur
sense
s to
ob
serv
e o
bje
cts
in g
reat
er
det
ail?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Dra
w a
nd
lab
el p
ictu
res
of
thei
r w
ork
Des
crib
e w
hat
they d
o
duri
ng s
cience
tim
e an
d
its
purp
ose
Rec
ord
and
make
sim
ple
pre
dic
tio
ns
abo
ut
dat
a an
d
ob
serv
atio
ns
Dis
cover
ho
w c
arefu
lly
they m
ust
ob
serv
e an
obje
ct t
o d
isti
ng
uis
h i
t
fro
m o
ther
s
Mak
e d
etai
led
dra
win
gs
of
ob
ject
s
Mak
e d
raw
ings
of
the
det
ails
they o
bse
rve
thro
ugh t
he
hand
len
s
Co
llec
t, s
ort
and
clas
sify
ob
ject
s b
y
textu
re a
fter
wal
kin
g
thro
ugh t
he
scho
ol
nei
ghb
orh
oo
d
H - 4
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p g
ather
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d B
. M
uch
has
bee
n l
earn
ed a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
but
ther
e is
sti
ll m
uch
to
und
erst
and
.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e, m
ass
, te
xtu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
mat
eria
l co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Stu
dents
can o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by
usi
ng t
oo
ls t
hat
incl
ud
e ru
lers
, b
alan
ces,
ther
mo
met
ers
and
han
d l
ense
s.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Reg
ula
tio
n a
nd
Beh
av
ior
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
ense
s help
hu
man
s an
d o
ther
org
anis
ms
det
ect
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cu
es.
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Lif
e P
roce
sses
an
d T
ech
no
log
y A
pp
lica
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
echno
log
y e
xp
and
s th
e ra
nge
of
hu
man
sen
ses.
Mak
e te
xtu
re c
oll
ages
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
No
su
mm
ati
ve
asse
ssm
ents
id
enti
fied
at t
his
tim
e.
H - 5
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1 b
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d B
. H
um
ans
use
devic
es a
nd
sp
ecia
lize
d
equip
ment
to e
nsu
re s
afe
ty a
nd
to
im
pro
ve
thei
r q
ual
ity o
f
life
(e.
g.,
go
ggle
s, g
lass
es,
hea
ring a
ids,
and
whee
lchai
rs).
Un
it T
hre
e:
Wo
od
an
d P
ap
er
Kit
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g a
ques
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
an
da
rd D
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cienti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
an
da
rd E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
an
da
rd F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le h
ave
inven
ted
new
tec
hno
logie
s to
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n (
stud
ents
ob
serv
e d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
wo
od
to
id
enti
fy t
hei
r p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
)
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls (
stud
ents
ob
serv
e d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
wo
od
and
iden
tify
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
su
ch a
s
colo
r, t
extu
re,
and
buo
yan
cy)
Invest
igati
on (
stud
ents
pla
ce d
iffe
rent
wo
od
s in
to c
onta
iner
s o
f w
ater
to
ob
serv
e si
nkin
g a
nd
flo
atin
g)
Pro
cess
skil
ls (
com
bin
ing m
ater
ials
to
chan
ge
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
wo
od
s)
Sci
ence
, te
chno
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
(exp
lora
tio
n o
f te
chno
log
y u
sed
to
mak
e p
aper
pro
duct
s)
Big
Id
eas
Too
ls a
nd
sen
ses
are
use
d t
o a
sk
ques
tio
ns,
make
pre
dic
tio
ns,
ob
serv
e,
des
crib
e an
d c
om
mu
nic
ate
res
ult
s ab
out
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
wo
od
and
pap
er.
Dif
fere
nt
typ
es o
f w
oo
d e
xhib
it
dif
fere
nt
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(e.
g.
abso
rben
cy,
flo
atab
ilit
y,
and
/or
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w c
an t
he
shap
e o
f w
oo
d b
e
chan
ged
fo
r h
um
an u
se?
Ho
w d
o t
he
pro
per
ties
of
dif
fere
nt
wo
od
s an
d/o
r p
aper
s
mak
e th
em
use
ful
for
dif
fere
nt
purp
ose
s?
Ho
w c
an w
oo
d a
nd
pap
er
pro
duct
s b
e re
use
d f
or
oth
er
purp
ose
s?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
“Ho
me
and
Scho
ol
Exte
nsi
on
s”,
Co
nte
nt
Chec
kli
sts
“Gues
s M
y R
ule
!”
Sel
f ass
essm
ent
and
refl
ecti
on
Pre
and
po
st q
ues
tio
ns
Invest
igati
on
s
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Rub
rics
and
Chec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
H - 6
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
solv
e p
rob
lem
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p g
ather
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le f
rom
all
par
ts o
f th
e w
orl
d p
ract
ice
scie
nce
and
make
man
y i
mp
ort
ant
scie
nti
fic
contr
ibuti
on
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. M
uch
has
bee
n l
earn
ed a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
but
ther
e is
sti
ll m
uch
to
und
erst
and
.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e, m
ass
, te
xtu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
mat
eria
l co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Stu
dents
can o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
pert
ies
by
usi
ng t
oo
ls t
hat
incl
ud
e ru
lers
, b
alan
ces,
ther
mo
met
ers
and
han
d l
ense
s.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. P
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e
chan
ged
by e
xp
osu
re t
o w
ater
, hea
t, l
ight,
or
by c
utt
ing,
mix
ing,
and
gri
nd
ing.
Str
an
d F
ive
Ma
teria
l T
ech
no
log
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls i
nfl
uence
thei
r
use
. S
om
e m
ater
ials
are
mo
re s
uit
able
fo
r m
akin
g a
par
ticu
lar
pro
duct
or
dev
ice.
sin
kin
g)
Pap
er h
as m
an
y o
bse
rvab
le p
rop
erti
es
(e.g
. b
end
ing,
crea
sin
g,
thic
kn
ess,
stre
ngth
etc
.)
Wo
od
is
a re
sourc
e th
at c
om
es
fro
m
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
tree
s.
So
me w
oo
ds
are
pro
cess
ed a
nd
tra
nsf
orm
ed f
or
hu
man u
se.
Rec
ycl
ing c
an e
xte
nd
the
use
of
tree
s.
H - 7
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y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
echno
log
y h
as
crea
ted
new
mat
eria
ls t
hat
can h
elp
peo
ple
so
lve
pro
ble
ms.
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Hu
ma
n I
mp
act
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
any n
atura
l re
sourc
es a
re l
imit
ed.
The
am
ou
nt
avail
able
can
be
mad
e t
o l
ast
longer
by
dec
reas
ing t
he
use
of
som
e re
sourc
es o
r b
y r
eusi
ng o
r
recy
cli
ng c
erta
in m
ater
ials
H - 8
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1 b
y
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l:
DE
Sci
en
ce
Co
ali
tio
n
Gra
de:
1
Tea
cher
: _
__
___
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Wea
ther
Tim
elin
e:
7 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions,
wheth
er c
ond
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
in
vo
lve
askin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bo
ut
the
nat
ura
l
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e
evid
ence
. S
cienti
sts
use
to
ols
to
enhance
thei
r se
nse
s
in o
rder
to
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is a
lrea
dy k
no
wn t
o d
evel
op
an e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
pu
rpo
se o
f
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigati
on
s to
oth
ers.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Co
nce
pts
Pat
tern
s
Ob
serv
atio
n
Invest
igate
Evid
ence
Big
Id
eas
Sen
ses
can b
e u
sed
to
ob
serv
e,
des
crib
e, g
ather
dat
a an
d
com
mu
nic
ate
chan
ges
in w
eath
er
feat
ure
s (c
loud
co
ver
, te
mp
erat
ure
,
pre
cip
itat
ion,
win
d).
Ther
e ar
e to
ols
to
mea
sure
changes
in w
eath
er f
eatu
res
(win
d s
cale
s,
ther
mo
met
ers,
rai
n g
auges)
, an
d
thes
e to
ols
hel
p m
eteo
rolo
gis
ts t
o
mak
e w
eath
er f
ore
cast
s.
The
wea
ther
chan
ges
fro
m d
ay t
o
day
, w
eek t
o w
eek,
and
sea
sonal
ly.
The
wea
ther
aff
ects
dec
isio
ns
that
peo
ple
mak
e ab
out
clo
thin
g t
o w
ear
and
thei
r o
uts
ide
acti
vit
ies.
Sci
enti
sts,
cal
led
met
eoro
logis
ts,
use
to
ols
to
co
llec
t d
ata
to r
epo
rt
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
oes
wea
ther
aff
ect
all
livin
g t
hin
gs?
Ho
w d
o w
eath
er i
nst
rum
ents
hel
p t
o o
bse
rve
and
des
crib
e
wea
ther
fea
ture
s?
Ho
w d
o t
he
sense
s hel
p
pro
vid
e in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
the
wea
ther
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Ob
serv
e an
d r
eco
rd t
he
wea
ther
(cl
oud
co
ver
,
pre
cip
itat
ion,
and
win
d s
pee
d)
by c
ircl
ing t
he
app
rop
riat
e
pic
ture
.
Rea
d a
nd
rec
ord
a r
ain g
auge
to t
he
nea
rest
un
it.
Rea
d a
nd
rec
ord
tem
per
ature
accu
rate
ly.
Infe
r a
seas
on b
ased
on s
ever
al
pie
ces
of
dat
a.
Sel
ect
clo
thin
g a
pp
rop
riat
e fo
r
the
wea
ther
.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ter
rari
um
and
aq
uar
ium
ob
serv
atio
ns.
Pre
-unit
ass
ess
ment
Rec
ord
ed p
lant
ob
serv
atio
ns
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ent
coll
abo
rati
on
Chec
kli
sts
Ven
n D
iagra
m
Ref
lecti
on S
hee
ts
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ents
cate
go
rizi
ng a
nd
org
aniz
ing
obje
cts
bas
ed o
n
char
acte
rist
ics.
Cre
atio
n o
f ra
infa
ll g
rap
hs
Stu
dent
self
ass
essm
ent
and
refl
ecti
on
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tra
nsf
er T
asks
H - 9
001281
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y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
: P
eop
le h
ave
inven
ted
new
tec
hno
logie
s
to s
olv
e p
rob
lem
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p
gat
her
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
: P
eop
le f
rom
all
par
ts o
f th
e w
orl
d
pra
ctic
e sc
ience
and
mak
e m
an
y i
mp
ort
ant
scie
nti
fic
contr
ibuti
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d B
: M
uch
has
bee
n l
earn
ed a
bo
ut
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d b
ut
ther
e is
sti
ll m
uch t
o u
nd
erst
and
.
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d O
ne
Fo
rm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
Sun i
s a
sourc
e o
f en
erg
y t
hat
lig
hts
and
war
ms
the
Ear
th.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: O
bje
cts
that
mo
ve
(i.e
., m
ovin
g a
ir,
mo
vin
g w
ater
) hav
e ener
gy b
eca
use
of
thei
r m
oti
on.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: H
eat
ener
gy i
s a
form
of
ener
gy t
hat
mak
es
thin
gs
war
mer
.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
En
erg
y I
nte
ract
ing
wit
h M
ate
ria
ls:
Th
e
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: W
hen
lig
ht
hit
s an
ob
ject
; th
e li
ght
ener
gy c
an b
eco
me
hea
t en
erg
y.
curr
ent
wea
ther
co
nd
itio
ns
and
pre
dic
t fu
ture
wea
ther
.
Infe
r an
outs
ide
tem
per
ature
bas
ed o
n c
loth
ing a
nd
wea
ther
cond
itio
ns
and
mar
k a
ther
mo
met
er a
pp
rop
riat
ely.
Ass
oci
ate
wea
ther
co
nd
itio
ns
wit
h t
em
per
ature
des
crip
tio
ns.
Rel
ate
wea
ther
co
nd
itio
ns
to
hu
man a
ctiv
ity.
Inte
rpre
t a
wea
ther
dat
a gra
ph.
Tal
ly g
rap
hic
in
form
atio
n.
Use
dat
a to
dec
ide
on a
app
rop
riat
e ac
tivit
y g
iven
wea
ther
co
nd
itio
ns.
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Rub
rics
/Wea
ther
Ass
essm
ent
Rub
rics
Po
st u
nit
ass
essm
ents
H - 10
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1 b
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Th
e P
rod
uct
ion
, C
on
sum
pti
on
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: M
ovin
g a
ir,
mo
vin
g w
ater
, an
d s
unli
ght
conta
in e
ner
gy t
hat
can
be
put
to o
ur
use
.
Sta
nd
ard
Fo
ur
Ea
rth
in
Sp
ace
Str
an
d O
ne
Th
e E
art
h/M
oo
n/S
un
Sy
stem
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
shap
e o
f th
e E
arth
is
sim
ilar
to
a
spher
e.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: F
rom
Ear
th m
an
y o
bje
cts
may b
e se
en
in t
he
sky i
ncl
ud
ing t
he
Su
n,
the
Mo
on,
star
s, a
nd
man
-mad
e o
bje
cts.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: T
he
Sun a
nd
Mo
on a
pp
ear
to m
ove
slo
wly
acr
oss
the
sky.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: T
he
Mo
on c
an b
e o
bse
rved
so
met
imes
at n
ight
and
so
met
imes
duri
ng
the
day.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: T
he
app
eara
nce
of
the
Mo
on c
han
ges
in
a cy
cle
that
takes
ab
out
a m
on
th.
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Tec
hn
olo
gie
s a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
: B
ino
cula
rs a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
in t
he
sky f
rom
Ear
th.
Sta
nd
ard
Fiv
e
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
H - 11
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d O
ne
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
ater
can
exis
t as
a s
oli
d,
liq
uid
or
gas
and
in d
iffe
rent
form
s su
ch a
s ra
in,
sno
w a
nd
ice
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
Ea
rth
’s S
yst
em
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
: W
eath
er i
nfl
uence
s p
lan
ts,
anim
als
and
hu
man a
ctiv
ity.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: P
eop
le w
ho
wo
rk o
r p
lay o
utd
oo
rs
oft
en d
ress
and
bas
e th
eir
acti
vit
ies
on t
he
spee
d o
f th
e
win
d a
nd
the
tem
per
ature
of
the
air.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: C
loud
s ar
e sh
ap
ed b
y w
ind
s and
are
mad
e o
f sm
all
wat
er d
rop
lets
or
ice
cryst
als.
C
loud
shap
es c
an b
e use
d t
o h
elp
fo
reca
st w
eath
er.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
eath
er c
an b
e o
bse
rved
, m
easu
red
and
des
crib
ed t
hro
ug
h t
he
use
of
sim
ple
to
ols
such a
s
a th
erm
om
eter
, ra
in g
au
ge
and
win
d v
ane.
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
n i
nte
rco
nnect
ednes
s exis
ts a
mo
ng
the
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
an e
nvir
on
ment.
T
his
inte
rco
nnec
ted
ness
can b
e o
bse
rved
by t
he
chan
ges
mad
e b
y p
lants
and
anim
als
in t
hei
r en
vir
on
men
t.
H - 12
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it T
wo
: S
oli
ds
an
d L
iqu
ids
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions,
wheth
er c
ond
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
in
vo
lve
askin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bo
ut
the
nat
ura
l
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e
evid
ence
. S
cienti
sts
use
to
ols
to
enhance
thei
r se
nse
s
in o
rder
to
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is a
lrea
dy k
no
wn t
o d
evel
op
an e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigati
on
s to
oth
ers.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing
, w
riti
ng,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
: M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
Co
nce
pts
Invest
igate
Ob
serv
e
Org
aniz
e
Big
Id
eas
The
sense
s ca
n b
e use
d t
o o
bse
rve,
des
crib
e, g
ather
dat
a an
d
com
mu
nic
ate
abo
ut
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
soli
ds
and
liq
uid
s.
Tes
ts c
an b
e p
erfo
rmed
to
invest
igat
e th
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
soli
ds
and
liq
uid
s.
So
lid
s an
d l
iquid
s ca
n b
e so
rted
bas
ed o
n t
he
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d
dif
fere
nce
s o
f th
eir
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Whic
h p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
det
erm
ine
if s
om
ethin
g i
s a
soli
d o
r li
quid
?
Ho
w d
o t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
soli
ds
and
liq
uid
s
det
erm
ine
thei
r u
se?
Ho
w d
o t
he
sim
ilar
itie
s and
dif
fere
nce
s o
f a
soli
d o
r a
liq
uid
det
erm
ine
ho
w t
hey
sho
uld
be
sort
ed a
nd
gro
up
ed?
Ho
w d
o t
he
sense
s p
rovid
e
info
rmat
ion a
bo
ut
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
a so
lid
or
a
liq
uid
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Ob
serv
e an
d r
eco
rd p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
a so
lid
.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
soli
ds
have
a
def
init
e sh
ape.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
liq
uid
s ar
e
fluid
s th
at
take
the
shap
e o
f
thei
r co
nta
iner
.
Cla
ssif
y o
bje
cts
on t
he
bas
is o
f
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Ob
serv
e an
d r
eco
rd p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
liq
uid
s.
Iden
tify
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ter
rari
um
and
aq
uar
ium
ob
serv
atio
ns.
Pre
-unit
ass
ess
ment
Rec
ord
ed p
lant
ob
serv
atio
ns
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ent
coll
abo
rati
on
Chec
kli
sts
Ven
n D
iagra
m
Ref
lecti
on S
hee
ts
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ents
cate
go
rizi
ng a
nd
org
aniz
ing
obje
cts
bas
ed o
n
char
acte
rist
ics.
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tra
nsf
er T
asks
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Rub
rics
Po
st u
nit
ass
essm
ents
H - 13
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op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
clas
sifi
ed a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e, m
ass,
tex
ture
, co
lor,
and
mat
eria
l co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Stu
den
ts c
an o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by u
sing t
oo
ls t
hat
incl
ud
e ru
lers
,
bal
ance
s, t
her
mo
mete
rs a
nd
han
d l
ense
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: M
ater
ials
exis
t in
one
of
thre
e st
ates
–
soli
d,
liq
uid
, o
r gas
. S
oli
ds
and
liq
uid
s have
easi
ly
ob
serv
able
pro
per
ties
and
may
chan
ge
fro
m o
ne
form
to t
he
oth
er.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: P
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e
chan
ged
by e
xp
osu
re t
o w
ater
, hea
t, l
ight,
or
by
cutt
ing,
mix
ing,
and
gri
nd
ing.
Str
an
d F
ive
Ma
teria
l T
ech
no
log
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls i
nfl
uence
thei
r u
se.
So
me
mat
eria
ls a
re m
ore
suit
able
fo
r
mak
ing a
par
ticu
lar
pro
duct
or
dev
ice.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
echno
log
y h
as c
reat
ed n
ew
mat
eria
ls
that
can
hel
p p
eop
le s
olv
e p
rob
lem
s.
that
can
be
use
d t
o s
ort
so
lid
s
and
liq
uid
s.
Use
to
ols
to
sep
arat
e so
lid
s o
n
the
bas
is o
f p
arti
cle
size
.
Un
it T
hre
e:
Org
an
ism
s
Tim
elin
e:
6 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1
Na
ture
an
d
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
ciet
ific
In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d
A:
Und
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions,
wheth
er c
ond
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
in
vo
lve
askin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bo
ut
the
nat
ura
l
wo
rld
.
Big
Id
eas
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f li
vin
g o
rgan
ism
s and
thei
r in
tera
ctio
ns
wit
h t
hei
r hab
itat
Chan
ge
of
hab
itat
and
liv
ing
org
anis
ms
over
tim
e
Ob
serv
atio
ns
of
the
stru
cture
s o
f
livin
g o
rganis
ms
and
ho
w t
hey
funct
ion i
n t
hei
r en
vir
on
ments
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o o
rgan
ism
’s s
truct
ure
s
hel
p t
hem
surv
ive
in t
heir
envir
on
ment?
Ho
w d
o o
rgan
ism
s change
thei
r en
vir
on
ment
over
tim
e?
What
do
liv
ing o
rganis
ms
nee
d f
or
surv
ival
?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ter
rari
um
and
aq
uar
ium
ob
serv
atio
ns.
Pre
-unit
ass
ess
ment
Rec
ord
ed p
lant
ob
serv
atio
ns
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ent
coll
abo
rati
on
H - 14
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d C
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
han
ce t
hei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o o
bta
in
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is a
lrea
dy k
no
wn t
o d
evel
op
an e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigati
on
s to
oth
ers
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies
Sta
nd
ard
6
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
Su
bst
ran
d A
Pla
nts
and
an
imals
are
sim
ilar
to
and
dif
fere
nt
fro
m
each
oth
er i
n o
bse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s an
d b
ehavio
r.
Thes
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s d
isti
ng
uis
h t
hem
fro
m e
ach o
ther
and
fro
m n
onli
vin
g t
hin
gs.
Su
bst
ran
d B
Eac
h p
lant
or
anim
al h
as
dif
fere
nt
stru
ctu
res
that
ser
ve
dif
fere
nt
funct
ion
s in
gro
wth
, su
rviv
al a
nd
rep
rod
uct
ion.
Str
an
d T
wo
Ma
tter
an
d E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
s
Stu
dy o
f L
ife
Cycle
s o
f p
lants
and
anim
als
in a
ter
rari
um
and
aq
uar
ium
hab
itat
Liv
ing o
rganis
ms
have
bas
ic n
eed
s
for
surv
ival
Eac
h p
lant
or
anim
al h
as
dif
fere
nt
stru
cture
s th
at h
ave
dif
fere
nt
funct
ions
that
infl
uence
thei
r
gro
wth
and
surv
ival.
Pla
nts
and
an
imals
have
life
cycl
es
that
dif
fer
fro
m o
rgan
ism
to
org
anis
m.
All
org
anis
m c
hange
the
envir
on
ment
wh
ere
they l
ive,
so
me
chan
ges
are
har
mfu
l an
d s
om
e a
re
ben
efic
ial.
What
are
the
stages
that
liv
ing
org
anis
ms
go
thro
ug
h i
n t
hei
r
life
cycl
es?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Ob
serv
e a
terr
ariu
m a
nd
dra
w
a p
ictu
re o
f it
, la
bel
ing t
he
livin
g o
rganis
ms.
Iden
tify
no
n-l
ivin
g
com
po
nents
of
the
terr
ariu
m.
Ob
serv
e an
d r
elat
e ch
an
ges
to
a te
rrar
ium
over
tim
e.
Iden
tify
bas
ic n
eed
s o
f
org
anis
ms
in t
he
terr
ariu
m.
Dis
ting
uis
h b
etw
een l
ivin
g
and
no
n-l
ivin
g t
hin
gs.
Seq
uen
ce p
ictu
res
of
the
life
cycl
e o
f a
pla
nt
fro
m s
eed
to
mat
ure
pla
nt.
Co
mp
are
hu
man
s w
ith o
ther
org
anis
ms
in t
erm
s o
f b
asic
nee
ds
and
fu
nct
ion
s.
Rec
og
niz
e th
e char
acte
rist
ics
of
a li
vin
g p
lant.
Rel
ate
that
org
anis
ms
hav
e
spec
ific
nee
ds
to s
urv
ive.
Des
crib
e th
e ch
an
ge
to
org
anis
ms
if t
her
e w
ere
no
sunli
gh
t.
Chec
kli
sts
Ven
n D
iagra
m
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tra
nsf
er T
asks
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Rub
rics
Po
st u
nit
ass
essm
ents
H - 15
001287
8
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
Pla
nts
and
an
imals
are
liv
ing t
hin
gs.
A
ll l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
incl
ud
ing a
ir,
wat
er,
foo
d (
nutr
ien
ts),
sp
ace,
shel
ter,
and
lig
ht.
Su
bst
ran
d B
In a
dd
itio
n t
o b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
, li
vin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e nee
ds
spec
ific
to
the
org
anis
m s
uch a
s
tem
per
ature
ran
ge
and
fo
od
req
uir
em
ents
.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Reg
ula
tio
n a
nd
Beh
av
ior
Su
bst
ran
d A
Sen
ses
help
hu
mans
and
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s d
etec
t
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cues.
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Lif
e P
roce
sses
an
d T
ech
no
log
y A
pp
lica
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d C
The
abil
ity o
f an
org
anis
m t
o m
eet
its
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
is
dep
end
ent
up
on i
ts e
nvir
on
ment.
Man
ipula
tio
n o
f th
e en
vir
on
men
t ca
n p
osi
tivel
y o
r
neg
ativ
ely a
ffec
t th
e w
ell
bei
ng o
f var
ious
org
anis
ms
that
liv
e th
ere.
Sta
nd
ard
7
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Lif
e
Str
an
d O
ne
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
an
d D
evel
op
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
The
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and
anim
als
rese
mb
le t
he
par
ents
(i.
e.,
a tr
ee s
eed
ling r
ese
mb
les
a m
ature
tre
e).
Su
bst
ran
d C
All
pla
nts
and
anim
als
go
thro
ug
h a
lif
e cycl
e o
f b
irth
,
H - 16
001288
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
gro
wth
, d
evel
op
ment,
rep
rod
uct
ion,
and
dea
th.
This
cycl
e is
pre
dic
tab
le a
nd
des
crib
able
, b
ut
dif
fers
fro
m
org
anis
m t
o o
rgan
ism
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Ev
olu
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
Man
y d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and
anim
als
live
thro
ugho
ut
the
wo
rld
. T
hes
e p
lants
and
anim
als
can
be
gro
up
ed a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
they s
har
e.
Sta
nd
ard
8
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
An i
nte
rco
nnec
ted
nes
s ex
ists
am
on
g t
he
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
an e
nvir
on
men
t.
This
inte
rco
nnec
ted
ness
can b
e o
bse
rved
by t
he
chan
ges
mad
e b
y p
lants
and
anim
als
in t
hei
r en
vir
on
men
t.
Su
bst
ran
d B
Pla
nts
and
an
imals
nee
d e
no
ugh s
pac
e an
d r
eso
urc
es
to s
urv
ive.
O
ver
cro
wd
ing l
ead
s to
an i
ncr
ease
d n
eed
for
reso
urc
es.
Str
an
d T
wo
En
erg
y F
low
an
d M
ate
ria
l C
ycl
es i
n t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
All
anim
als
dep
end
on p
lants
. S
om
e an
imal
s ea
t p
lants
for
foo
d.
Oth
er a
nim
als
eat
an
imal
s th
at h
ave
eate
n
pla
nts
.
H - 17
001289
1
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 2
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Inse
cts
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ion
s an
d k
no
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to d
evel
op
an e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
Str
uct
ure
and
Funct
ion
Inte
ract
ions
Cycl
es
Beh
avio
r/R
eg
ula
tio
n
Chan
ges
over
tim
e
Big
Id
eas
Liv
ing t
hin
gs
have
pre
dic
tab
le a
nd
ob
serv
able
sta
ges
in t
hei
r li
fe c
ycl
es.
All
liv
ing t
hin
gs
nee
d s
helt
er,
foo
d,
wat
er,
ligh
t, a
nd
air
.
Sp
ecif
ic i
nse
cts
have
spec
ific
nee
ds
at d
iffe
rent
tim
es i
n t
hei
r li
fe c
ycl
e.
Ph
ysi
cal
stru
cture
s, f
unct
ions
and
nee
ds
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
chan
ge
thro
ugho
ut
their
lif
e cycl
es.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
are
so
me
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d
dif
fere
nce
s in
the
larv
ae,
pup
ae,
and
ad
ult
s o
f in
sect
s
that
go
thro
ugh
met
am
orp
ho
sis
(co
mp
lete
or
inco
mp
lete
)?
What
are
the
beh
avio
rs o
f
inse
cts
at d
iffe
ren
t st
ages
of
thei
r li
fe c
ycl
e?
Ho
w d
o s
pec
ific
str
uct
ure
s ai
d
in t
he
surv
ival
of
inse
cts
thro
ugho
ut
their
lif
e cycl
e?
Ho
w a
re i
nse
ct l
ife
cycl
es
rela
ted
to
the
life
cycle
s o
f
oth
er l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Cla
ssif
y t
hin
gs
as l
ivin
g o
r
no
n-l
ivin
g.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
the
stru
cture
of
bo
dy p
arts
aff
ects
the
par
t’s
funct
ion.
Sta
te t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
of
an
inse
ct.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ob
serv
atio
n
Ven
n D
iagra
ms
Stu
dents
cre
ate
a hab
itat
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
Tra
nsf
er T
asks
End
of
Mo
dule
asse
ssm
ents
H - 19
001291
2
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
Su
bst
ran
d A
: P
lants
and
anim
als
are
sim
ilar
to
and
dif
fere
nt
fro
m e
ach o
ther
in o
bse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s and
beh
avio
r.
Thes
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s d
isti
ng
uis
h t
hem
fro
m
each
oth
er a
nd
fro
m n
onli
vin
g t
hin
gs.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: E
ach p
lant
or
anim
al h
as
dif
fere
nt
stru
cture
s
that
ser
ve
dif
fere
nt
funct
ions
in g
row
th,
surv
ival
and
rep
rod
uct
ion
Str
an
d T
wo
Ma
tth
er a
nd
En
erg
y T
ran
sfo
rm
ati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
lants
and
anim
als
are
livin
g t
hin
gs.
A
ll
livin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
incl
ud
ing a
ir,
wat
er,
foo
d (
nu
trie
nts
), s
pac
e, s
hel
ter,
and
lig
ht.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: I
n a
dd
itio
n t
o b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
,
livin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e nee
ds
spec
ific
to
the
org
anis
m s
uch a
s
tem
per
ature
ran
ge
and
fo
od
req
uir
em
ents
.
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Lif
e P
roce
sses
an
d T
ech
no
log
y A
pp
lica
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d C
: T
he
abil
ity o
f an o
rgan
ism
to
mee
t it
s nee
ds
for
surv
ival
is d
epen
den
t up
on
its
en
vir
on
men
t.
Man
ipula
tio
n o
f th
e en
vir
on
men
t ca
n p
osi
tivel
y o
r
neg
ativ
ely a
ffec
t th
e w
ell
bei
ng o
f var
ious
Sta
nd
ard
Sev
en
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Lif
e
Su
bst
ran
d O
ne:
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
, a
nd
Dev
elo
men
t
Eval
uate
hab
itat
s fo
r m
eeti
ng
bas
ic n
eed
s.
Co
mp
are
life
cycl
es o
f in
sect
s
and
des
crib
e si
mil
arit
ies
and
dif
fere
nce
s.
Rea
d a
nd
anal
yze
a g
rap
h.
Pre
dic
t li
fe c
ycle
sta
ges
.
Co
mp
are
the
stag
es
in t
he
life
cycl
e o
f a
tree
.
Des
crib
e ch
ange
over
tim
e o
f
a li
vin
g o
rganis
m.
H - 20
001292
3
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
: .
The
off
spri
ng
of
som
e p
lants
and
anim
als
rese
mb
le t
he
par
ents
(i.
e.,
a tr
ee s
eed
lin
g r
esem
ble
s a
mat
ure
tre
e).
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
he
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and
anim
als
do
no
t re
sem
ble
the
par
ents
. S
imil
arit
ies
bet
wee
n p
aren
ts
and
thei
r o
ffsp
ring b
eco
me
mo
re a
pp
aren
t as
thei
r li
fe
cycl
e co
nti
nues
(i.
e.,
cate
rpil
lars
bec
om
e b
utt
erfl
ies)
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: A
ll p
lan
ts a
nd
anim
als
go
thro
ugh a
lif
e
cycl
e o
f b
irth
, gro
wth
, d
evel
op
ment,
rep
rod
uct
ion,
and
dea
th.
This
cycl
e is
pre
dic
tab
le a
nd
des
crib
able
, b
ut
dif
fers
fro
m o
rganis
m t
o o
rgan
ism
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Ev
olu
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and
an
imals
live
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
wo
rld
. T
hes
e p
lants
and
anim
als
can
be
gro
up
ed a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
they s
har
e.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
: P
eop
le u
se t
he
var
iety
of
pla
nts
and
anim
als
fou
nd
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
wo
rld
fo
r fo
od
, cl
oth
ing,
and
shel
ter
(e.g
., s
ilk f
or
clo
thin
g,
wo
od
fo
r b
uil
din
g s
hel
ters
).
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he E
nv
iro
nm
en
t
Su
bst
ran
d B
: P
lants
and
anim
als
nee
d e
no
ug
h s
pac
e an
d
reso
urc
es t
o s
urv
ive.
O
ver
cro
wd
ing l
ead
s to
an i
ncr
ease
d
nee
d f
or
reso
urc
es.
H - 21
001293
4
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it T
wo
: B
ala
nci
ng
an
d W
eig
hin
g
Tim
elin
e:
7 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
Und
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tist
s use
ob
serv
ati
ons
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ion
s an
d k
no
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to d
evel
op
an e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
: M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
cla
ssif
ied
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
(to
iden
tify
var
iab
les
that
aff
ect
bal
ance
)
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion (
of
ob
serv
atio
ns
to s
up
po
rt p
red
icti
ons
abo
ut
bal
anci
ng)
Invest
igati
on (
var
iab
les
that
aff
ect
bal
ance
)
Pro
cess
Skil
ls (
in c
reat
ing t
oo
ls t
hat
can b
e use
d t
o m
easu
re m
ass)
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls (
mass
)
Co
ntr
oll
ing e
xp
erim
ents
(th
e it
em
bei
ng m
easu
red
must
be
dir
ectl
y
rela
ted
to
the
bal
anci
ng o
f m
ater
ials
)
Co
mp
aris
on o
f d
ata
and
ob
serv
atio
ns
to s
up
po
rt p
red
icti
ons
on a
lar
ge
scal
e (n
ot
just
ind
ivid
ual
res
ult
s)
Dat
a O
rgan
izat
ion t
o v
isual
ly
rep
rese
nt/
pre
sent
resu
lts
(gra
phin
g)
Big
Id
eas
Too
ls a
nd
sen
ses
are
use
d t
o a
sk
ques
tio
ns,
make
pre
dic
tio
ns,
ob
serv
e,
des
crib
e, a
nd
co
mm
unic
ate
resu
lts
abo
ut
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(m
ass,
colo
r, s
ize,
shap
e, t
extu
re)
of
mat
eria
ls a
nd
can
be
mea
sure
d.
Bal
ance
is
affe
cted
by t
he
mass
,
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o y
ou k
no
w i
f
som
ethin
g i
s b
alan
ced
?
What
to
ols
or
tech
no
log
y c
an
yo
u u
se t
o d
eter
min
e b
alan
ce
or
mass
?
Wh
y m
ight
one
ob
ject
hav
e
mo
re m
ass
than a
no
ther
ob
ject
that
takes
up
the
sam
e am
ou
nt
of
spac
e?
Ho
w c
an y
ou c
hange
a
bal
ance
d s
truct
ure
to
make
it
unb
alance
d?
Ho
w c
an i
tem
s b
e ar
ranged
usi
ng t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ty o
f
mas
s?
Ho
w c
an d
ata
be
rep
rese
nte
d
to s
ho
w r
esu
lts
and
all
ow
com
par
iso
ns?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
S
elec
t ap
pro
pri
ate
too
ls t
o f
ind
the
mass
of
ob
ject
s.
Use
an e
qual
arm
bal
ance
and
Unif
ix c
ub
es t
o d
eter
min
e th
e
mas
s o
f o
bje
cts.
Mak
e a
gra
ph.
Pla
ce o
bje
cts
in s
eria
l o
rder
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ob
serv
atio
n r
eco
rdin
g
shee
ts
Stu
dent
pre
dic
tio
ns
Unif
ix C
ub
es
Wri
ting a
nd
com
mu
nic
atin
g d
ata
sets
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
Bal
anci
ng a
nd
Wei
ghin
g
Ass
essm
ent
for
gra
de
two
H - 22
001294
5
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yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e,
mas
s, t
extu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
mat
eri
al c
om
po
siti
on.
Stu
den
ts
can o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by u
sin
g t
oo
ls
that
incl
ud
e ru
lers
, b
alan
ces,
ther
mo
met
ers
and
han
d
lense
s.
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d O
ne
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
: O
bje
cts
that
mo
ve
(i.e
., m
ovin
g a
ir,
mo
vin
g
wat
er)
have
ener
gy b
ecause
of
thei
r m
oti
on.
Str
an
d T
wo
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
hen
bal
ance
d f
orc
es a
ct o
n a
n o
bje
ct i
t
wil
l re
mai
n a
t re
st,
but
if u
nb
ala
nce
d f
orc
es a
ct o
n t
he
obje
ct i
t w
ill
beg
in t
o m
ove.
po
siti
on o
f th
e m
ass
, an
d t
he
po
siti
on
of
the
fulc
rum
.
Wei
ght
is d
eter
min
ed b
y m
ass
and
no
t nec
essa
rily
by v
olu
me
or
size
.
Exam
ple
Chee
rio
s ta
ke
up
mo
re
spac
e th
an s
pli
t p
eas
but
hav
e le
ss
mas
s.
acco
rdin
g t
o m
ass.
Bal
ance
a b
eam
that
has
a
fixed
fu
lcru
m.
Iden
tify
the
cente
r o
f gra
vit
y
of
a fu
lcru
m/b
alance
bea
m/w
eight
syst
em
.
Gen
erat
e a
rule
to
id
enti
fy
ho
w t
wo
ob
ject
s b
alan
ce o
n a
bal
ance
bea
m.
Un
it T
wo
: S
oil
s
Tim
elin
e:
6 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d
C:
Und
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion
Invest
igati
on
Pro
cess
Skil
ls
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls
Co
ntr
oll
ing E
xp
erim
ents
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o w
orm
s en
hance
the
dec
om
po
siti
on o
f p
lant
mat
eria
l in
co
mp
ost
ing?
What
sim
ple
tes
ts c
an b
e
cond
uct
ed t
o i
den
tify
the
thre
e
bas
ic c
om
po
nen
ts o
f so
il
(san
d,
clay,
hu
mu
s)?
Ho
w c
an t
he
com
po
nen
ts o
f
soil
be
com
par
ed/c
ontr
aste
d?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Les
son E
ight
ass
ess
ment
Co
llec
tio
n o
f evid
ence
Per
form
stu
dy t
ests
Invest
igate
co
mp
osi
tio
n
of
myst
ery s
oil
Pre
dic
tio
ns
H - 23
001295
6
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd
cla
ssif
ied
acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze,
shap
e,
mas
s, t
extu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
mat
eri
al c
om
po
siti
on.
Stu
den
ts
can o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by u
sin
g t
oo
ls
that
incl
ud
e ru
lers
, b
alan
ces,
ther
mo
met
ers
and
han
d
lense
s.
Sta
nd
ard
Fiv
e
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
Str
an
d O
ne
Co
mp
on
ents
of
Ea
rth
Su
bst
ran
d A
. C
om
po
nents
of
Ear
th’s
syst
em
incl
ud
e
min
eral
s, r
ock
s, s
oil
, w
ater
an
d a
ir.
Thes
e m
ater
ials
can b
e
ob
serv
ed,
sort
ed a
nd
/or
clas
sifi
ed b
ased
on t
hei
r p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. S
and
, cl
ay a
nd
hu
mu
s hav
e d
isti
nct
ph
ysi
cal
Co
mp
aris
on o
f d
ata
and
ob
serv
atio
ns
to s
up
po
rt p
red
icti
ons
on a
lar
ge
scal
e
Big
Id
eas
Dat
a O
rgan
izat
ion t
o v
isual
ly
rep
rese
nt/
com
mu
nic
ate
resu
lts
Ap
ply
ing l
earn
ed c
once
pts
an
d s
kil
ls
to a
nal
yze
un
fam
ilia
r so
il s
am
ple
s.
Co
mm
unic
ate
co
ncl
usi
on
s th
roug
h
wri
tin
g,
dra
win
g a
nd
dis
cuss
ion.
Too
ls a
nd
sen
ses
are
use
d t
o a
sk
ques
tio
ns,
make
pre
dic
tio
ns,
ob
serv
e,
des
crib
e, a
nd
co
mm
unic
ate
resu
lts
abo
ut
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
soil
.
Pla
nt
gro
wth
and
wate
r re
tenti
on c
an
be
affe
cted
by s
oil
co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Liv
ing o
rganis
ms
can a
ffec
t so
il
com
po
siti
on.
Exam
ple
: w
orm
s in
gest
pla
nt
mat
eria
l and
thei
r excr
etio
ns
are
par
t o
f th
e so
il c
alle
d h
um
us.
Ho
w c
an s
oil
co
mp
osi
tio
n
affe
ct
wat
er r
eten
tio
n a
nd
pla
nt
gro
wth
?
What
to
ols
or
tech
no
log
y c
an
yo
u u
se t
o a
nal
yze
so
il
sam
ple
s?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
O
bse
rve
soil
sam
ple
s and
reco
rd o
bse
rvat
ions.
Iden
tify
char
acte
rist
ics
of
hu
mu
s.
Sel
ect
app
rop
riat
e to
ols
to
cond
uct
tes
ts o
n s
oil
sam
ple
s.
Exp
lain
ho
w s
and
, cl
ay a
nd
hu
mu
s hel
p p
lants
to
gro
w.
Exam
ine
a lo
cal
soil
sam
ple
and
det
erm
ine
its
com
po
nents
.
Exp
lain
ho
w l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s
hel
p i
n d
eco
mp
osi
ng o
rganic
mat
ter.
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Rub
rics
/Chec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
H - 24
001296
7
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
\
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
pro
per
ties
and
are
co
mp
onents
of
soil
s.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. A
so
il’s
co
mp
osi
tio
n v
arie
s fr
om
envir
on
ment
to e
nvir
on
ment.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. S
oil
typ
e ca
n b
e id
enti
fied
by t
est
ing f
or
gra
in s
ize
and
co
mp
osi
tio
n.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
. E
arth
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e o
bse
rved
and
des
crib
ed u
sin
g s
imp
le t
oo
ls (
e.g.,
han
d l
ens
and
bal
ance
s).
H - 25
001297
1
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 3
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Hu
ma
n B
od
y
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
pu
rpo
se o
f
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion
Invest
igati
on
Mo
del
ing
Str
uct
ure
/Funct
ion
Syst
em
s
Beh
avio
r/R
eg
ula
tio
n
Big
Id
eas
Hu
man
s an
d o
ther
anim
als
have
skel
eto
ns
that
pro
vid
e su
pp
ort
,
pro
tect
ions,
and
mo
vem
ent.
The
skel
eto
n o
f h
um
ans
and
oth
er
anim
als
are
sim
ilar
to
and
dif
fere
nt
fro
m e
ach o
ther
in
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion.
Sci
enti
fica
lly o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns
lead
to
co
llec
ting e
vid
ence
,
form
ing e
xp
lanati
on
s, c
onnec
ting
exp
lanat
ions
to p
rio
r kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
co
mm
unic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g
the
exp
lanat
ion.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o b
ones
, m
usc
les,
and
jo
ints
funct
ion t
oget
her
in h
um
ans
to
enab
le m
ovem
ent,
pro
tect
ion a
nd
sup
po
rt?
Ho
w d
oes
the
stru
cture
of
the
dif
fere
nt
typ
es
of
join
ts (
gli
din
g,
hin
ge,
bal
l an
d s
ocket
) en
able
the
hu
man b
od
y t
o m
ove?
Ho
w d
o m
od
els
dem
on
stra
te h
ow
bo
nes
, m
usc
les,
and
jo
ints
wo
rk i
n
the
hu
man
bo
dy t
o e
nab
le
mo
vem
ent,
pro
vid
e su
pp
ort
, an
d
dem
onst
rate
pro
tect
ion o
f vit
al
org
ans?
What
are
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d
dif
fere
nce
s in
str
uct
ure
and
fu
nct
ion
bet
wee
n a
hu
man s
kel
eto
n a
nd
oth
er
ver
teb
rate
s?
Ho
w d
o d
iffe
rent
bo
dy p
arts
resp
ond
to
vis
ual
, aud
ito
ry,
and
tact
ile
stim
uli
?
What
co
mm
on d
isea
ses
or
pro
ble
ms
of
the
mu
scu
lar
and
skele
tal
syst
em
s
affe
ct
our
bo
die
s?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Stu
dent
Resp
onse
Shee
ts
Sci
ence
Jo
urn
als
FO
SS
sto
ry “
Aft
er t
he
Sto
ry”
com
pre
hensi
on
ques
tio
ns
and
tas
ks
Co
mp
are
and
Co
ntr
asts
Inte
rdis
cip
linar
y
Exte
nsi
on
s
Su
gg
este
d
Su
mm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Rub
rics
/Chec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
Pro
ject
H - 26
001298
2
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le h
ave
inven
ted
new
tec
hno
logie
s to
solv
e p
rob
lem
s
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d T
wo
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d B
.
When
bal
ance
d f
orc
es a
ct o
n a
n o
bje
ct i
t
wil
l re
mai
n a
t re
st,
but
if u
nb
ala
nce
d f
orc
es a
ct o
n t
he
obje
ct i
t w
ill
beg
in t
o m
ove.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/ F
un
ctio
n R
ela
tio
nsh
ips
Su
bst
ran
d B
. E
ach p
lant
or
anim
al h
as
dif
fere
nt
stru
cture
s th
at s
erve
dif
fere
nt
funct
ions
in g
row
th,
surv
ival
and
rep
rod
uct
ion
Su
bst
ran
d C
. I
n a
nim
als
the
skel
etal-
mu
scula
r sy
stem
pro
vid
es s
truct
ure
, su
pp
ort
an
d e
nab
les
mo
vem
ent.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Reg
ula
tio
n a
nd
Beh
av
ior
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
ense
s help
hu
man
s an
d o
ther
org
anis
ms
det
ect
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cu
es
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
he
bra
in r
ecei
ves
sig
nal
s fr
om
par
ts o
f th
e
bo
dy v
ia t
he
sense
s.
In r
esp
on
se,
the
bra
in s
end
s si
gnal
s to
par
ts o
f th
e b
od
y t
o i
nfl
uence
rea
ctio
ns.
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Lif
e P
roce
sses
an
d T
ech
no
log
y A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Liv
ing s
yst
em
s, s
uch
as
the
mu
scula
r an
d s
kel
etal
syst
em
s,
dem
onst
rate
the
com
ple
menta
ry
nat
ure
of
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion.
The
Hu
man B
od
y r
esp
ond
s to
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cues,
wh
ich
allo
w t
hem
to
surv
ive.
Sti
mulu
s re
spo
nse
enab
les
the
hu
man b
od
y t
o
inte
rpre
t an
d r
eact
to
a g
iven
situ
ati
on.
What
are
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d
dif
fere
nce
s in
the
skele
ton o
f an
infa
nt
to t
hat
of
an a
dult
hu
man?
Ho
w c
an t
he
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion
of
the
skel
etal
syst
em
be
use
d t
o
gro
up
ver
teb
rate
s?
Ho
w d
o m
usc
les
mo
ve
bo
nes
in
resp
onse
to
sig
nal
s fr
om
the
bra
in?
Ho
w d
o d
iffe
rent
bo
dy p
arts
resp
ond
to
vis
ual
, aud
ito
ry,
and
tact
ile
stim
uli
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Iden
tify
dif
fere
nt
typ
es o
f jo
ints
and
des
crib
e ho
w e
ach h
elp
s th
e b
od
y t
o
mo
ve.
Lis
t th
ree
ways
the
skel
eto
n h
elp
s a
per
son t
o s
urv
ive.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
bo
nes
, m
usc
les,
and
jo
ints
change
thro
ugho
ut
the
hu
man l
ife
cycl
e.
Exam
ine
a p
ictu
re o
f an
art
ific
ial
join
t, i
den
tify
the
typ
e o
f jo
int
and
ho
w t
his
jo
int
funct
ions.
Des
crib
e si
mil
arit
ies
and
dif
fere
nce
s
bet
wee
n s
kel
eto
ns
of
oth
er a
nim
als.
Des
crib
e ho
w m
usc
les
allo
w b
ones
to m
ove.
H - 27
001299
3
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d B
. H
um
ans
use
devic
es a
nd
sp
ecia
lize
d
equip
ment
to e
nsu
re s
afe
ty a
nd
to
im
pro
ve
thei
r q
ual
ity o
f
life
(e.
g.,
go
ggle
s, g
lass
es,
hea
ring a
ids,
and
whee
lchai
rs).
Sta
nd
ard
Sev
en
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Liv
ing
Th
ing
s
Str
an
d O
ne
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
an
d D
evel
op
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and
anim
als
rese
mb
le t
he
par
ents
(i.
e.,
a tr
ee s
eed
lin
g r
esem
ble
s a
mat
ure
tre
e).
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
bo
nes
, m
usc
les,
and
bra
in f
unct
ion t
oget
her
.
Un
it T
wo
: E
art
h M
ate
ria
ls
Tim
elin
e :
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
Pro
per
ties
and
Fu
nct
ion
s
Invest
igati
on
s
Big
Id
eas
Ro
cks
and
min
eral
s hav
e
ob
serv
able
pro
per
ties
. T
hes
e
pro
per
ties
can
be
use
d t
o
com
par
e, s
ort
, an
d c
lass
ify t
he
rock
s an
d m
iner
als.
Sim
ple
to
ols
are
use
d t
o
det
erm
ine
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
rock
s an
d m
iner
als.
Peo
ple
use
ro
cks
and
min
eral
s to
mee
t th
eir
wan
ts a
nd
nee
ds.
Oft
en
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w a
re p
rop
erti
es u
sed
to
id
enti
fy,
sort
, an
d c
lass
ify r
ock
s an
d
min
eral
s?
What
kin
d o
f si
mp
le t
oo
ls a
re u
sed
to h
elp
det
erm
ine
the
pro
per
ties
and
ho
w a
re t
he
too
ls u
sed
?
Ho
w d
oes
aci
d r
ain a
ffec
t ro
cks
that
conta
in c
alci
te? W
hat
kin
ds
of
rock
s
wo
uld
be
a go
od
cho
ice
for
buil
din
g
mat
eria
l? W
hy?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Exp
lain
the
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n a
rock
and
a m
iner
al.
Sep
arat
e ro
cks
fro
m m
iner
als
acco
rdin
g t
o t
hei
r ap
pea
rance
.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ear
th M
ater
ials
’
Ass
essm
ents
onli
ne
Inte
ract
ive
Stu
dent
No
teb
oo
ks
Invest
igati
on
s
Ear
th M
ater
ials
Stu
dents
No
teb
oo
ks
Su
gg
este
d
Su
mm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Invest
igati
on
s
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
H - 28
001300
4
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le h
ave
inven
ted
new
tec
hno
logie
s to
solv
e p
rob
lem
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p g
ather
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Sta
nd
ard
Fiv
e
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
Str
an
d O
ne
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
Su
bst
ran
d A
. C
om
po
nents
of
Ear
th’s
syst
em
incl
ud
e
min
eral
s, r
ock
s, s
oil
, w
ater
an
d a
ir.
Thes
e m
ater
ials
can b
e
ob
serv
ed,
sort
ed a
nd
/or
clas
sifi
ed b
ased
on t
hei
r p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. R
ock
s ar
e nat
ura
l co
mb
inat
ion
s o
f m
iner
als.
Min
eral
s ca
n b
e cl
assi
fied
acc
ord
ing t
o t
hei
r p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.
e.,
lust
er,
colo
r an
d h
ard
nes
s).
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
. E
arth
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e o
bse
rved
and
des
crib
ed u
sin
g s
imp
le t
oo
ls (
e.g.,
han
d l
ens
and
bal
ance
s).
the
use
of
the
rock
or
min
era
ls i
s
det
erm
ined
by i
ts p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Iden
tify
to
ols
and
des
crib
e ho
w t
he
too
ls a
re u
sed
to
id
enti
fy t
he
ingre
die
nts
in r
ock
s.
Ob
serv
e an
d d
escr
ibe
the
colo
r,
lust
er,
textu
re,
har
dnes
s, a
nd
reac
tio
n t
o a
cid
of
min
eral
s.
Co
nd
uct
the
scra
tch t
est.
Rec
ord
dat
a in
a t
able
or
char
t.
Per
form
the
vin
egar
tes
t. I
den
tify
rock
s th
at c
on
tain
cal
cit
e.
Det
erm
ine
wh
ich r
ock
sam
ple
wo
uld
make
a go
od
outs
ide
stat
ue.
H - 29
001301
5
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it T
hre
e:
Wa
ter
Tim
elin
e: 8
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
wh
ether
co
nd
uct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
invo
lve
askin
g
a q
ues
tio
n a
bo
ut
the
natu
ral
wo
rld
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
to
ols
to
en
hance
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o
ob
tain
mo
re e
vid
ence
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
sts
use
ob
serv
atio
ns
fro
m i
nvest
igat
ions
and
kno
wle
dge
that
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
to
dev
elo
p a
n e
xp
lanat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to
shar
e ev
iden
ce a
nd
concl
usi
on
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r
invest
igat
ions
to o
ther
s.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
math
em
atic
s,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
eop
le h
ave
inven
ted
new
tec
hno
logie
s to
solv
e p
rob
lem
s.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
oo
ls a
re u
sefu
l in
sci
ence
to
hel
p g
ather
dat
a fo
r o
bse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts a
nd
pro
vid
e a
safe
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
Invest
igati
on
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls
Chan
ge
Pro
cess
es
Cycl
es
Big
Id
eas
Wat
er h
as o
bse
rvab
le p
rop
erti
es
and
inte
ract
s d
iffe
rentl
y w
ith
dif
fere
nt
mat
eria
ls.
Wat
er f
low
s d
ow
nhil
l.
Wat
er c
an b
e a
liq
uid
, so
lid
, or
gas
.
So
lid
wat
er (
ice)
flo
ats
on l
iqu
id
wat
er a
nd
has
a d
efin
ite
shap
e.
War
mer
wat
er r
ises
ab
ove
cold
er
wat
er.
Liq
uid
wat
er c
han
ges
to
wat
er
vap
or
in t
he
air
thro
ug
h t
he
pro
cess
of
evap
ora
tio
n.
Wat
er v
apo
r ch
anges
to
liq
uid
wat
er t
hro
ug
h t
he
pro
cess
of
cond
ensa
tio
n.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
oes
the
pro
per
ty o
f a
mat
eria
l
det
erm
ine
the
way i
n w
hic
h i
t
inte
ract
s w
ith w
ater
?
Ho
w d
oes
the
slo
pe
of
the
lan
d
det
erm
ine
the
rate
at
whic
h w
ater
flo
ws?
What
hap
pen
s w
hen h
ot
wat
er a
nd
cold
wat
er i
nte
ract
? W
hic
h w
ay
do
es t
he
ener
gy f
low
? H
ow
do
yo
u
kno
w?
What
hap
pen
s to
liq
uid
wate
r w
hen
it f
reez
es?
Do
es t
he
mas
s o
f th
e w
ate
r
incr
ease
?
Ho
w d
oes
air
tem
per
ature
and
surf
ace
area
aff
ect
the
rate
of
evap
ora
tio
n?
Wher
e d
oes
co
nd
ensa
tio
n c
om
e
fro
m? W
hat
is
cond
ensa
tio
n?
Do
all
ear
th m
ater
ials
inte
ract
wit
h
wat
er i
n t
he
sam
e w
ay? E
xp
lain
.
What
fac
tors
aff
ect
the
abil
ity o
f
wat
er t
o t
ran
sfer
ener
gy t
o o
ther
obje
cts?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Lis
t p
rop
erti
es o
f li
quid
wat
er,
wat
er
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Invest
igati
on
s
Wo
rksh
eets
Stu
dent
dra
win
gs
of
the
wat
er c
ycl
e
Char
ts/O
bse
rvati
on
s/P
r
edic
tio
ns
“Putt
ing W
ater
to
Wo
rk”
and
“Wat
erw
ork
s”-
stud
ents
cre
ate
step
by
step
pla
ns
Su
gg
este
d
Su
mm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Wat
er A
ssess
ment
Rub
rics
fo
r
Per
form
ance
and
tran
sfer
tas
ks
H - 30
001302
6
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
mea
ns
of
cond
uct
ing a
n i
nvest
igat
ion.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d B
. M
ater
ials
exis
t in
one
of
thre
e st
ates
– s
oli
d,
liq
uid
, o
r gas
. S
oli
ds
and
liq
uid
s hav
e ea
sily
ob
serv
able
pro
per
ties
and
may c
han
ge
fro
m o
ne
form
to
the
oth
er.
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d O
ne
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
. O
bje
cts
that
mo
ve
(i.e
., m
ovin
g a
ir,
mo
vin
g
wat
er)
have
ener
gy b
ecause
of
thei
r m
oti
on.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. H
eat
ener
gy i
s a
form
of
ener
gy t
hat
makes
thin
gs
war
mer
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d C
. E
ner
gy o
f a
mo
vin
g o
bje
ct c
an b
e
tran
sfer
red
to
oth
er o
bje
cts
(i.e
., t
he
ener
gy o
f m
ovin
g
wat
er c
an b
e use
d t
o t
urn
a w
ate
rwhee
l).
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Th
e P
rod
uct
ion
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n a
nd
A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ovin
g a
ir,
mo
vin
g w
ater
, an
d s
un
lig
ht
conta
in e
ner
gy t
hat
can
be
put
to o
ur
use
.
Sta
nd
ard
Fiv
e
vap
or,
and
ice
.
Des
crib
e ho
w e
ner
gy c
an c
ause
wat
er t
o c
han
ge
stat
e fr
om
a s
oli
d
(ice
) to
a l
iquid
.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
ener
gy c
om
es
fro
m
the
Sun.
Des
crib
e ho
w e
ner
gy c
an c
ause
wat
er t
o c
han
ge
stat
e fo
rm a
liq
uid
to w
ater
vap
or.
Mak
e a
sim
ple
pla
n t
o i
nves
tigat
e
the
chan
ge
of
stat
e o
f w
ater
.
Des
crib
e ho
w m
ovin
g w
ater
tran
sfer
s en
erg
y.
Des
crib
e ho
w l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
dep
end
up
on w
ater
and
co
nse
quen
ces
of
a
dro
ught
up
on l
ivin
g t
hin
gs.
H - 31
001303
7
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
2011
by
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
Str
an
d O
ne
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
Su
bst
ran
d A
. C
om
po
nents
of
Ear
th’s
syst
em
incl
ud
e
min
eral
s, r
ock
s, s
oil
, w
ater
an
d a
ir.
Thes
e m
ater
ials
can b
e
ob
serv
ed,
sort
ed a
nd
/or
clas
sifi
ed b
ased
on t
hei
r p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. W
ater
can
exis
t as
a s
oli
d,
liq
uid
or
gas
and
in d
iffe
ren
t fo
rms
such
as
rain
, sn
ow
and
ice
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
Ea
rth
’s S
yst
em
s
Su
bst
ran
d C
. W
ater
fro
m r
ain,
lakes,
and
und
ergro
und
, is
nee
ded
by p
lan
ts,
anim
als
and
peo
ple
fo
r th
eir
ever
yd
ay
acti
vit
ies.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
. E
arth
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e o
bse
rved
and
des
crib
ed u
sin
g s
imp
le t
oo
ls (
e.g.,
han
d l
ens
and
bal
ance
s).
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
. A
n i
nte
rco
nnect
ednes
s exis
ts a
mo
ng t
he
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
an e
nvir
on
ment.
T
his
inte
rco
nnec
ted
ness
can b
e o
bse
rved
by t
he
chan
ges
mad
e
by p
lants
and
anim
als
in t
hei
r en
vir
on
ment.
H - 32
001304
1
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 4
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it T
wo
: L
an
d a
nd
Wa
ter
Tim
elin
e: 8
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it
is n
ot
po
ssib
le t
o k
no
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l have
an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
:
Ob
serv
e th
e fa
cto
rs (
hu
ma
n a
nd
na
tura
l) t
hat
aff
ect
ero
sio
n a
nd
dep
osi
tio
n o
f se
dim
ents
.
Use
a m
od
el t
o o
bse
rve
the
wate
r
cycl
e in
clu
din
g e
vap
ora
tio
n,
cond
ensa
tio
n,
and
pre
cip
itat
ion
that
aff
ects
the
shap
e o
f th
e la
nd
.
Inte
ract
ion o
f sc
ience
and
tech
no
log
y t
hro
ugh t
he
des
ign
,
mo
del
ing a
nd
co
nst
ruct
ion o
f d
ams
in a
str
eam
tab
le.
Inte
ract
ion o
f (l
and
and
wate
r ca
n
chan
ge
the
land
scap
e) d
iffe
ren
t
elem
ents
of
eart
h t
hat
char
acte
rize
the
land
and
wat
er l
and
scap
e.
Chan
ge:
Ob
serv
e ho
w w
ater
bri
ng
s
abo
ut
chan
ge
to t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace.
Invest
igate
the
pro
per
ties
of
soil
s
and
the
flo
w c
har
acte
rist
ics
of
wat
er t
hat
det
erm
ine
the
nat
ure
of
ero
sio
n a
nd
dep
osi
tio
n.
Invest
igate
the
aff
ect
of
land
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
oes
und
erst
and
ing t
he
pro
per
ties
of
Ear
th m
ate
rial
s
and
the
ph
ysi
cal
law
s th
at
go
ver
n t
hei
r b
ehavio
r le
ad t
o
pre
dic
tio
n o
f E
arth
events
?
Ho
w d
o c
han
ges
in o
ne
par
t o
f
Ear
th s
yst
em
s aff
ect
oth
er p
arts
of
the
syst
em
?
In w
hat
ways
can E
arth
’s
pro
cess
es b
e ex
pla
ined
as
inte
ract
ion
s am
ong c
ycl
es?
Ho
w d
o t
he
syst
em
s in
tera
ct
and
all
ow
us
to e
xp
lain
ob
serv
atio
ns
or
events
and
mak
e p
red
icti
on
s?
Ho
w d
oes
hu
man
inte
ract
ion
affe
ct
changes
in t
he
land
scap
e?
Ho
w c
an w
e use
a m
od
el t
o
pre
dic
t nat
ure
?
Ho
w d
oes
the
wat
er c
ycl
e af
fect
the
land
?
Ho
w w
ou
ld l
and
shap
e and
so
il
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Pre
-ass
essm
ents
Stu
dent
Journ
als
Dra
win
gs
and
des
crip
tio
ns
Gra
phic
org
aniz
ers
T-c
har
ts
Sel
f ass
essm
ents
Invest
igati
on
s
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
Rub
rics
Wri
tten
Su
mm
arie
s
Mo
del
s
Po
st-U
nit
ass
ess
ment
H - 33
001305
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hno
log
y p
rovid
es t
he
too
ls n
eed
ed f
or
scie
nce
to
invest
igat
e q
uest
ion
s an
d m
ay p
rovid
e so
luti
ons
to
soci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wants
, o
r nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
no
logic
al s
olu
tio
ns
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lab
le t
o e
ver
yo
ne.
Sta
nd
ard
Fiv
e
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
Str
an
d O
ne
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
Su
bst
ran
d A
. W
ater
exis
ts i
n t
hre
e st
ates
(so
lid
, li
quid
and
gas
) th
at a
re d
epen
dent
up
on t
he
surr
ound
ing
tem
per
ature
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. R
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
are
bro
ken
do
wn
over
tim
e to
cla
y a
nd
san
d s
ized
par
ticl
es.
Thes
e
par
ticl
es c
om
bin
e w
ith p
lan
t re
mai
ns
to f
orm
so
il.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. T
he
abil
ity o
f w
ater
to
pas
s th
rou
gh s
oil
dep
end
s o
n t
he
rela
tive
am
oun
ts o
f cl
ay a
nd
sand
in t
he
soil
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
Ea
rth
’s S
yst
em
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. E
arth
is
a d
ynam
ic s
yst
em
res
ult
ing
fro
m i
nte
ract
ion
s am
ong t
he
geo
spher
e, h
yd
rosp
her
e,
atm
osp
her
e and
bio
spher
e.
form
atio
ns
on e
rosi
on a
nd
ero
sio
n
on l
and
fo
rmati
on
s (e
.g.,
can
yo
ns
and
del
tas)
.
Big
Id
eas
Flo
w o
f w
ater
and
slo
pe
of
lan
d
shap
es a
nd
aff
ects
am
ou
nt
of
ero
sio
n.
So
il c
an b
e b
roken
do
wn i
nto
ind
ivid
ual
co
mp
onents
that
have
ob
serv
able
mea
sura
ble
pro
per
ties
.
Ear
th’s
co
mp
onents
fo
rm s
yst
em
s.
Thes
e sy
stem
s co
nti
nual
ly i
nte
ract
at d
iffe
rent
rate
s o
f ti
me,
aff
ecti
ng
the
Ear
th l
oca
lly a
nd
glo
bal
ly.
Tec
hno
log
y e
nab
les
us
to b
ette
r
und
erst
and
Ear
th’s
syst
em
s. I
t al
so
allo
ws
us
to a
nal
yze
the
imp
act
of
hu
man a
ctiv
itie
s o
n E
arth
’s
syst
em
s an
d t
he
imp
act
of
Ear
th’s
syst
em
s o
n h
um
an a
ctiv
ity
Mo
del
s ca
n b
e use
d t
o i
nves
tigat
e
and
pre
dic
t la
rger
inte
ract
ions
(ero
sio
n,
dep
osi
tio
n,
and
wat
er
cycl
e)
Hu
man
s m
ust
tak
e in
to a
cco
unt
nat
ura
l in
tera
ctio
ns
bet
wee
n l
and
and
wat
er w
hen d
esig
nin
g
land
scap
es.
The
wat
er c
ycl
e ca
use
s chang
es t
o
the
land
com
po
siti
on a
ffec
t ho
w t
he
land
can
be
use
d?
Ho
w w
ou
ld l
and
shap
e and
so
il
com
po
siti
on a
ffec
t er
osi
on?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Lab
el t
he
pro
cess
es
of
evap
ora
tio
n,
cond
ensa
tio
n,
and
pre
cip
itat
ion o
n a
dra
win
g o
f
the
wat
er c
ycl
e.
Exp
lain
pat
h w
ater
mig
ht
ravel
in t
he
wate
r cycl
e.
Des
crib
e ho
w w
ater
is
imp
ort
ant
to t
he
geo
spher
e,
hyd
rosp
her
e, b
iosp
her
e, a
nd
atm
osp
her
e.
Des
crib
e th
e p
rop
erti
es o
f w
ater
as a
so
lid
, li
quid
and
wate
r
vap
or.
Des
crib
e ho
w m
iner
als
bre
ak
do
wn o
ver
tim
e to
fo
rm p
arts
of
soil
.
soil
and
ho
w t
hey a
re d
iffe
ren
t.
Des
crib
e ho
w w
ater
inte
ract
s
wit
h d
iffe
rent
soil
co
mp
onents
dif
fere
ntl
y.
Exp
lain
ho
w p
arti
cle
size
and
po
re s
pac
e af
fect
wate
r
per
mea
bil
ity.
Des
crib
e ho
w a
str
eam
dep
osi
ts
H - 34
001306
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d B
. W
ater
res
hap
es E
arth
’s l
and
surf
ace
by
ero
din
g r
ock
and
so
il i
n s
om
e ar
eas
and
dep
osi
ting
them
in o
ther
are
as.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. T
he
flo
w o
f w
ater
can
be
affe
cted
by
hu
man a
ctiv
itie
s, g
rou
nd
co
ver
and
the
slo
pe
of
the
land
aff
ecte
d.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. W
ater
in r
iver
s an
d s
trea
ms
tran
spo
rts
mat
eria
ls.
As
a gener
al r
ule
, w
hen a
str
eam
ente
rs a
larg
er b
od
y o
f w
ater
, le
ss m
ass
ive
mat
eria
ls i
n
susp
ensi
on w
ill
travel
far
ther
than
mo
re m
assi
ve
mat
eria
ls b
efo
re s
ettl
ing.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. T
he
surf
ace
of
Ear
th c
hanges
const
antl
y.
So
me
of
thes
e chan
ges
hap
pen
slo
wly
and
are
dif
ficult
to d
etec
t o
n a
dai
ly b
asis
. O
ther
chan
ges
hap
pen
quic
kly
and
res
ult
fro
m e
vents
(i.
e.,
maj
or
sto
rms
and
vo
lcan
oes
).
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
om
e sa
tell
ites
all
ow
sci
enti
sts
to
ob
serv
e, o
ver
tim
e, l
arge-s
cale
chan
ges
in t
he
geo
spher
e as
wel
l as
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
sho
rt t
erm
wea
ther
events
.
its
load
in t
erm
s o
f th
e m
ass
of
the
dif
fere
nt
eart
h c
om
po
nents
.
Hyp
oth
esiz
e o
n t
he
cause
s o
f
mud
dy r
un
-off
.
Un
it F
ive:
Ele
ctri
city
an
d M
ag
net
ism
Tim
elin
e: 5
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
:
Ob
serv
e th
e chan
ges
in t
he
forc
e o
f
attr
acti
on.
Pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls:
Co
nd
uct
ors
vs.
In
sula
tors
; M
agnet
ic v
s. N
on
-
Mag
neti
c.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Exp
lain
wh
at i
s nee
ded
to
com
ple
te a
sim
ple
cir
cuit
and
wh
y?
Des
crib
e an
d e
xp
lain
the
pat
h
of
elec
tric
ity t
hro
ug
h a
giv
en
circ
uit
.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Stu
dent
Shee
ts f
rom
Invest
igati
on
s
Invest
igati
on
s
FO
SS
sto
ries
and
“A
fter
the
H - 35
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t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it
is n
ot
po
ssib
le t
o k
no
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l have
an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
. O
bse
rvab
le p
hy
sica
l p
rop
erti
es c
an b
e
use
d t
o c
lass
ify m
ate
rial
s.
Thes
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
may i
ncl
ud
e so
lub
ilit
y,
mas
s, m
agnet
ism
, an
d e
lect
rica
l
cond
uct
ivit
y.
To
ols
such a
s gra
duat
ed c
yli
nd
ers,
bal
ance
s, r
ule
rs,
mag
nif
iers
, si
mp
le c
ircu
its,
and
mag
net
s ar
e use
d t
o s
tud
y t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Pro
cess
es t
o c
reat
e a
circ
uit
syst
em
.
Ap
pli
cati
on o
f el
ectr
icit
y a
nd
mag
net
ism
in t
he
inte
ract
ion o
f
scie
nce
and
tec
hno
log
y
(ap
pli
cati
on i
s co
ver
ed i
n r
ead
ing
s
but
no
t th
roug
h i
nvest
igat
ive
acti
vit
ies
wit
hin
kit
)
Invest
igate
the
forc
e o
f m
ag
neti
sm
and
the
cond
itio
ns
that
may a
ffec
t
mag
net
ism
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion:
Co
mp
arin
g/c
on
tras
ting d
iffe
rent
typ
es o
f ci
rcuit
s.
Inte
ract
ions
bet
wee
n e
lect
rici
ty
and
mat
eria
ls.
Acc
ura
te d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o c
om
par
e w
ith
the
pre
dic
tio
n.
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
usi
ng
ob
serv
atio
ns,
sim
ple
to
ols
and
equip
ment
Big
Id
eas
A s
erie
s ci
rcuit
has
only
one
pat
hw
ay f
or
elec
tric
ity t
o f
low
thro
ugh.
A p
aral
lel
circ
uit
has
two
or
mo
re
pat
hw
ays
for
elec
tric
ity t
o f
low
thro
ugh.
What
hap
pen
s to
a l
igh
t b
ulb
wh
en c
onnec
ted
to
a c
om
ple
te
circ
uit
and
exp
lain
wh
y?
Giv
en m
etall
ic a
nd
no
n-
met
alli
c o
bje
cts,
exp
lain
wh
ich
yo
u w
ou
ld u
se t
o c
om
ple
te a
circ
uit
and
wh
y?
Ho
w i
s th
e fl
ow
of
elec
tric
ity
the
sam
e an
d d
iffe
rent
in a
seri
es v
ersu
s p
aral
lel
circ
uit
?
Ho
w w
ou
ld y
ou t
ell?
Giv
en c
erta
in m
ater
ials
, ho
w
wo
uld
yo
u c
lass
ify t
hem
as
mag
net
ic/n
on-m
ag
net
ic?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Co
nst
ruct
a s
imp
le c
ircu
it.
Dra
w a
co
mp
lete
cir
cuit
.
Rec
og
niz
e key c
om
po
nents
of
an e
lect
ric
circ
uit
.
Tra
ce t
he
pat
h o
f el
ectr
icit
y
thro
ugh a
co
mp
lete
cir
cuit
.
Man
ipula
te s
elec
ted
mate
rial
s
such a
s w
ires
, cl
ips,
a b
atte
ry,
and
a b
ulb
.
Und
erst
and
the
funct
ion o
f a
swit
ch.
Dis
ting
uis
h c
ond
uct
ors
fro
m
Sto
ries
” q
ues
tio
ns
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
-of-
unit
Su
mm
ativ
e
Ass
essm
ent
Rub
rics
H - 36
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op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d O
ne
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d F
. T
he
ener
gy o
bta
ined
fro
m e
lect
rica
l
outl
ets
is e
lect
rica
l en
erg
y t
hat
was
pro
duce
d a
t an
elec
tric
al p
ow
er p
lant.
Ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy
can
be
gener
ated
and
then
tra
nsm
itte
d
over
gre
at d
ista
nce
s.
Bat
teri
es a
re p
ort
able
so
urc
es o
f
elec
tric
al e
ner
gy.
Str
an
d T
wo
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
. F
orc
e is
an
y p
ush
or
pull
exer
ted
by
one
ob
ject
on a
no
ther
. S
om
e fo
rces
(e.
g.,
mag
net
ic
forc
es a
nd
gra
vit
y)
can m
ake
thin
gs
mo
ve
wit
ho
ut
touch
ing t
hem
.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. T
he
ener
gy o
f el
ectr
icit
y i
s tr
ansf
erre
d
to e
lect
rica
l d
evic
es t
hro
ug
h s
imp
le c
lose
d c
ircu
its
(sim
ple
ser
ies
or
sim
ple
par
alle
l ci
rcuit
s).
Su
bst
ran
d G
. S
om
e m
ate
rial
s al
low
ele
ctri
city
to
flo
w
free
ly (
cond
uct
ors
), w
hil
e o
ther
mate
rial
s in
hib
it t
he
flo
w o
f el
ectr
icit
y (
insu
lato
rs).
Str
an
d T
hre
e
En
erg
y I
nte
ract
ing
wit
h M
ate
ria
ls;
Th
e
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d C
. E
lect
rica
l en
erg
y i
n c
ircuit
s ca
n b
e
chan
ged
(tr
ansf
orm
ed)
into
lig
ht,
hea
t, s
ound
, an
d t
he
ener
gy o
f m
oti
on.
The
stre
ngth
of
an e
lect
rica
l
curr
ent
can b
e var
ied
dep
end
ent
on
the
nu
mb
er o
f el
ectr
ical
so
urc
es
and
the
dis
tance
ele
ctri
city
tra
vel
s.
Met
al m
ater
ials
co
nd
uct
ele
ctri
city
and
no
n-m
etal
mat
eria
ls a
re
insu
lato
rs a
nd
do
no
t co
nd
uct
elec
tric
ity.
Mag
nets
wil
l at
trac
t ir
on a
nd
ste
el,
Mag
neti
c fo
rces
can a
ttra
ct o
r re
pel
each
oth
er,
We
use
tro
ub
le-s
ho
oti
ng s
trat
egie
s
or
reas
onab
le e
vid
ence
to
co
mp
lete
an i
nco
mp
lete
cir
cuit
,
Ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy i
n c
ircuit
s ca
n b
e
chan
ged
(tr
ansf
orm
ed)
into
lig
ht,
hea
t, s
ou
nd
(te
legra
ph)
and
th
e
ener
gy o
f m
oti
on.
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce i
n
the
form
of
a d
ata
char
t, l
ine
and
bar
gra
ph t
o c
om
par
e w
ith t
heir
pre
dic
tio
n.
Fai
r te
st d
esig
n s
up
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigat
ion.
So
met
imes
it
is n
ot
po
ssib
le t
o
kno
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l hav
e an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r
contr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns
thro
ugh t
he
com
par
iso
n o
f in
vest
igat
ion r
esu
lts
wit
h o
ther
s.
insu
lato
rs.
Tro
ub
lesh
oo
t a
pro
ble
m i
n a
n
elec
tric
cir
cuit
.
H - 37
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yri
gh
t ©
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Pro
du
ctio
n,
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n a
nd
th
e A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
pro
duct
ion o
f m
ost
of
the
ener
gy
that
we
use
in o
ur
dai
ly l
ives
co
mes
fro
m e
ner
gy
sto
red
in n
atura
l re
sourc
es.
T
he
quan
tity
of
thes
e re
sourc
es
is
lim
ited
, so
it
is i
mp
ort
ant
to c
onse
rve
our
nat
ura
l
reso
urc
es b
y u
sing t
hem
wis
ely
.
Un
it T
hre
e:
Sk
y W
atc
her
s
Tim
elin
e: 5
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it
is n
ot
po
ssib
le t
o k
no
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l have
an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
e th
e cycl
es o
r p
red
icta
ble
pat
tern
of
the
mo
on p
hase
s.
Use
of
techno
log
y t
o g
ather
pla
net
ary d
ata
for
com
par
iso
n.
Invest
igate
the
pat
tern
of
the
sun
’s
mo
vem
ent
acro
ss t
he
sky a
nd
its
effe
cts
.
Ob
serv
e d
iffe
rent
ob
ject
s in
th
e
day
tim
e and
nig
htt
ime
sky.
Usi
ng m
od
els
to d
em
onst
rate
that
rota
tio
n,
revo
luti
on
s, d
ay,
nig
ht,
and
sea
son
s ar
e re
pea
ting
pre
dic
tab
le p
atte
rns.
Big
Id
eas
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y i
nvo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w h
ave
pas
t sc
ien
tifi
c
contr
ibuti
on
s in
fluence
d c
urr
ent
scie
nti
fic
und
erst
and
ing o
f th
e
wo
rld
?
What
pre
dic
tab
le,
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s o
ccur
as a
res
ult
of
the
inte
ract
ion b
etw
een t
he
Ear
th,
Mo
on,
and
Su
n? W
hat
cau
ses
thes
e p
atte
rns?
What
is
Ear
th’s
pla
ce i
n t
he
So
lar
Syst
em
?
Ho
w h
as t
echno
log
y e
xp
and
ed
our
kno
wle
dge
of
the
Ear
th,
Mo
on,
and
Su
n S
yst
em
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Mea
sure
and
rec
ord
tem
per
ature
Mea
sure
and
rec
ord
hei
ght
of
shad
ow
s
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Act
ivit
y S
hee
ts
Invest
igati
on
s
Exp
erim
ents
Ob
serv
atio
n
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
-of-
unit
Su
mm
ativ
e
asse
ssm
ent
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
H - 38
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gh
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201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hno
log
y p
rovid
es t
he
too
ls n
eed
ed f
or
scie
nce
to
invest
igat
e q
uest
ion
s an
d m
ay p
rovid
e so
luti
ons
to
soci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wants
, o
r nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
no
logic
al s
olu
tio
ns
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lab
le t
o e
ver
yo
ne.
Sta
nd
ard
Fo
ur
Ea
rth
in
Sp
ace
Str
an
d O
ne
Th
e E
art
h/M
oo
n/S
un
Sy
stem
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
app
aren
t pat
h o
f th
e S
un,
as s
een
fro
m E
arth
, is
fro
m e
ast
to
west
. O
ver
the
cours
e o
f a
day
, hal
f o
f th
e E
arth
is
alw
ay
s il
lum
inat
ed b
y t
he
Sun
causi
ng d
ay,
and
the
hal
f no
t il
lum
inat
ed b
y t
he
Su
n
exp
erie
nce
s nig
htt
ime.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
he
cycl
e fr
om
day
to
nig
ht
is c
ause
d b
y
the
Ear
th’s
ro
tati
on.
Ear
th u
nd
ergo
es o
ne
com
ple
te
rota
tio
n a
bo
ut
ever
y 2
4 h
ours
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. T
he
Mo
on o
rbit
s th
e E
arth
. T
he
app
eara
nce
of
the
Mo
on c
han
ges
as
it m
oves
thro
ug
h
its
orb
it.
Thes
e ch
anges
are
call
ed p
has
es.
com
mu
nic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
Und
erst
and
ing p
ast
pro
cess
es a
nd
contr
ibuti
on
s is
ess
enti
al i
n
buil
din
g s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Ther
e ar
e o
bse
rvab
le,
pre
dic
tab
le
pat
tern
s o
f m
ovem
ent
in t
he
Ear
th,
Mo
on,
and
Su
n s
yst
em
that
acco
unt
for
day
and
nig
ht.
Tec
hno
log
y e
xp
and
s o
ur
kno
wle
dge
of
the
Ear
th,
Mo
on
, an
d
Su
n S
yst
em
.
Ear
th i
s p
art
of
a sy
stem
that
incl
ud
es o
ther
pla
net
s.
Use
sim
ple
to
ols
to
tak
e
mea
sure
ments
inclu
din
g
tem
per
ature
and
hei
ght,
Use
mo
del
s to
dem
onst
rate
an
d
des
crib
e ro
tati
on a
nd
revo
luti
on,
day a
nd
nig
ht,
and
seas
onal
chan
ge,
Illu
stra
te m
oo
n p
has
es,
shad
ow
trac
ing
s, a
nd
fea
ture
s in
the
day
and
nig
ht
sky,
Co
nd
uct
sim
ple
exp
erim
ents
and
dra
w c
oncl
usi
ons
fro
m t
he
resu
lts,
Mak
e p
red
icti
ons
abo
ut
the
suns
po
siti
on i
n t
he
sky,
tem
per
ature
s in
su
nli
ght
and
shad
e, a
nd
phas
es
of
the
mo
on
,
Co
mm
unic
ate
id
eas,
ob
serv
atio
ns,
and
exp
erie
nce
s
thro
ugh d
iscuss
ion,
wri
tin
g,
and
dra
win
gs,
Ob
serv
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s o
f th
e
pla
net
s,
Cre
ate
a m
od
el o
f th
e so
lar
syst
em
,
Ob
serv
e th
e si
ze o
f th
e su
n a
nd
mo
on i
n t
he
sky
Use
mo
del
s to
ill
ust
rate
the
app
roxim
ate
siz
e an
d d
ista
nce
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een t
he
sun
and
the
mo
on
H - 39
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d D
. T
he
Sun i
s m
uch l
arger
than t
he
Mo
on.
Alt
ho
ug
h t
he
Mo
on i
s cl
ose
r to
Ear
th t
han
the
Sun,
the
two
ap
pea
r to
be
the
sam
e si
ze w
hen
vie
wed
fro
m
Ear
th.
This
is
bec
ause
ob
ject
s ap
pea
r sm
alle
r as
the
dis
tance
fro
m t
he
vie
wer
incr
eas
es.
Str
an
d T
wo
Th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em
Su
bst
ran
d A
. E
arth
is
one
of
the
pla
net
s in
our
So
lar
Syst
em
that
orb
its
the
Su
n.
The
Sun w
e se
e d
uri
ng t
he
day
is
our
nea
rest
sta
r.
Sta
rs w
e se
e at
nig
ht
lie
outs
ide
our
So
lar
Syst
em
Str
an
d F
ou
r
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
. H
um
anit
y’s
vie
w o
f th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em
has
exp
and
ed e
no
rmo
usl
y a
s a r
esult
of
our
exp
lora
tio
n
of
oute
r sp
ace.
T
he
Hub
ble
tel
esco
pe
giv
es
us
a b
ette
r
vie
w o
f th
e m
any p
lanet
s th
an t
he
vie
w w
e have
fro
m
the
Ear
th.
Ro
bo
t p
rob
es,
sent
to p
lanet
s, s
end
bac
k
clo
se-u
p p
ictu
res
of
thei
r su
rface
s.
Exp
lain
wh
y t
he
sun a
nd
mo
on
app
ear
to b
e si
mil
ar i
n s
ize
wh
en o
bse
rved
in t
he
sky
Use
pho
tos
gat
her
ed f
rom
terr
estr
ial
tele
sco
pes
, ro
bo
t
pro
bes
, th
e H
ub
ble
tel
esco
pe
and
manned
exp
lora
tio
n o
f th
e
mo
on t
o e
xam
ine
pic
ture
s
of
the
pla
nets
and
mo
on
Un
it F
ou
r: S
tru
ctu
res
of
Lif
e
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
:
Ob
serv
e th
e d
iffe
rent
pro
per
ties
of
seed
s
Pro
cess
es t
o o
bse
rve
the
life
cycl
e
of
org
anis
ms
Des
crib
e o
rgan
ism
s in
ter
ms
of
thei
r p
hysi
cal
stru
cture
s and
funct
ions
Acc
ura
te d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
oes
str
uctu
re r
elat
e to
funct
ion i
n l
ivin
g s
yst
em
s?
Ho
w d
o r
esp
onse
s to
in
tern
al
and
exte
rnal
cues
aid
in a
n
org
anis
m’s
surv
ival
?
Ho
w d
o o
rgan
ism
s change
as
they g
o t
hro
ug
h t
heir
lif
e
cycl
es?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Invest
igati
on
s
Exp
erim
ents
Ob
serv
atio
ns
and
rec
ord
ed
dat
a
FO
SS
Scie
nce
Sto
ries
and
afte
r re
adin
g q
ues
tio
ns
H - 40
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C
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t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it
is n
ot
po
ssib
le t
o k
no
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l have
an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hno
log
y p
rovid
es t
he
too
ls n
eed
ed f
or
scie
nce
to
invest
igat
e q
uest
ion
s an
d m
ay p
rovid
e so
luti
ons
to
soci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wants
, o
r nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
no
logic
al s
olu
tio
ns
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lab
le t
o e
ver
yo
ne.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o c
om
par
e w
ith
the
pre
dic
tio
n
Chan
ge:
Ob
serv
e ho
w w
ater
bri
ng
s
abo
ut
chan
ge
in a
see
d
Co
ntr
ol
and
Co
nd
itio
ns:
Invest
igate
the
eff
ects
of
wate
r,
lig
ht
and
nutr
ients
on t
he
gro
wth
of
seed
s an
d p
lants
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
usi
ng
ob
serv
atio
ns,
sim
ple
to
ols
, an
d
equip
ment.
Dis
pla
y a
nd
org
aniz
e
dat
a in
tab
les,
char
ts,
dia
gra
ms,
and
bar
gra
phs.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n
resu
lts
wit
h a
nd
fro
m o
ther
s.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
the
beh
avio
r
of
dif
fere
nt
org
anis
ms
Iden
tify
and
des
crib
e th
e st
ructu
res
of
an o
rganis
m t
hat
all
ow
it
to
surv
ive
in i
ts e
nvir
on
men
t/hab
itat
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion:
Co
mp
arin
g/c
on
tras
ting d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
org
anis
ms
and
thei
r
stru
cture
s/fu
nct
ions
Big
Id
eas
See
ds
have
spec
ific
str
uctu
res
and
funct
ions.
A s
eed
is
a (d
orm
an
t) l
ivin
g
org
anis
m.
See
ds
und
ergo
changes
in t
he
Ho
w a
re o
rgan
ism
s o
f th
e sa
me
kin
d a
like
and
dif
fere
nt
fro
m
each
oth
er?
Ho
w d
oes
an o
rganis
m d
epen
d
on i
ts b
asic
nee
ds
for
its
surv
ival
and
gro
wth
.
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Ob
serv
e d
ry s
eed
s an
d e
xp
lain
wh
at s
eed
s nee
d t
o g
erm
inat
e.
Ob
serv
e so
aked
see
ds.
Desc
rib
e
chan
ges
bet
wee
n t
he
dry
and
soak
ed b
ean s
eed
s u
sing c
orr
ect
term
ino
log
y f
or
the
seed
par
ts.
Lab
el s
truct
ure
s o
n a
bea
n s
eed
.
Des
crib
e th
e fu
nct
ion o
f th
e
seed
co
at,
coty
led
on,
and
em
bry
o.
Anal
yze
a b
ar g
rap
h t
o d
escr
ibe
pan
t gro
wth
usi
ng e
vid
ence
fro
m t
he
bar
gra
ph.
Iden
tify
and
des
crib
e th
e
funct
ion o
f th
e le
af,
stem
,
flo
wer
, ro
ot
and
see
d.
Rec
og
niz
e th
e S
un a
s th
e
sourc
e o
f en
erg
y f
or
pla
nts
.
Iden
tify
str
uct
ure
s th
at a
llo
w
pla
nt
seed
s to
dis
per
se.
Co
mp
are
life
cycl
es o
f p
lants
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Po
st s
um
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent
H - 41
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C
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gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
truct
ure
s th
at f
unct
ion f
or
sim
ilar
purp
ose
s in
liv
ing t
hin
gs
may h
ave
dif
fere
nt
app
eara
nce
s.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. O
rgan
ism
s ca
n b
e gro
up
ed b
ased
on
sim
ilar
itie
s and
dif
fere
nce
s in
thei
r st
ruct
ure
s an
d
funct
ions.
T
hes
e m
ay i
ncl
ud
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s su
ch a
s
app
end
ages
, ro
ots
and
lea
ves
of
pla
nts
, o
r th
e p
rese
nce
or
lack
of
a b
ackb
one
Str
an
d T
wo
Ma
tter
an
d E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
lants
nee
d t
he S
un’s
ener
gy t
o g
row
and
surv
ive.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
nim
als
nee
d f
oo
d t
o p
rovid
e m
ater
ials
and
ener
gy f
or
life
wh
ich t
hey
der
ive
dir
ectl
y o
r
ind
irec
tly f
rom
pla
nts
.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Reg
ula
tio
n a
nd
Beh
av
ior
Su
bst
ran
d A
. A
n o
rganis
m d
isp
lays
beh
avio
rs i
n
resp
onse
to
inte
rnal
cues,
such
as
hu
nger
, an
d e
xte
rnal
cues
, su
ch a
s li
ght,
tem
per
ature
, o
r in
tera
ctio
n w
ith
livin
g t
hin
gs.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
her
e ar
e si
mil
arit
ies
and
dif
fere
nce
s in
ho
w o
rganis
ms
resp
ond
to
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cues.
Thes
e b
ehav
iors
may i
ncl
ud
e st
rate
gie
s fo
r ac
quir
ing
foo
d,
buil
din
g s
hel
ters
, o
r ev
adin
g p
red
ato
rs.
Sta
nd
ard
Sev
en
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Liv
ing
Th
ing
s
Str
an
d O
ne
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
an
d D
evel
op
men
t
pre
sence
of
wat
er.
Pla
nts
nee
d w
ater
, li
ght,
and
nutr
ients
to
gro
w.
Ind
ivid
ual
org
anis
ms
beh
ave
and
use
thei
r st
ructu
res
to r
esp
ond
to
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
sti
mu
li t
o
imp
rove
their
chan
ces
of
surv
ival
.
Sim
ilar
str
uct
ure
s fo
und
on
dif
fere
nt
org
anis
ms
(e.g
., e
yes
,
ears
, m
outh
s) h
ave
sim
ilar
funct
ions
and
enab
le t
ho
se
org
anis
ms
to s
urv
ive
and
rep
rod
uce
in d
iffe
rent
envir
on
ments
.
Ther
e ar
e si
mil
arit
ies
and
dif
fere
nce
s w
ith r
egar
ds
to t
he l
ife
cycl
es o
f d
iffe
rent
org
anis
ms.
Pla
nts
can
be
gro
wn u
sin
g
hyd
rop
onic
s.
Org
anis
ms
nee
d w
ater
, fo
od
, ai
r,
and
sp
ace
to s
urv
ive.
An o
rgan
ism
’s s
truct
ure
is
shap
ed
by i
ts f
unct
ion.
and
anim
als.
Mea
sure
length
in c
enti
met
ers.
Des
crib
e th
e ro
le o
f m
olt
ing i
n
a cr
ayfi
sh.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
abil
ity o
f a
cray
fish
to
surv
ive
is a
ffec
ted
by i
ts p
hysi
cal
stru
cture
s,
beh
avio
rs a
nd
phase
in t
he
life
cycl
e.
Exp
lain
the
terr
ito
rial
nat
ure
of
cray
fish
and
thei
r b
ehavio
rs.
Exp
lain
ho
w s
tructu
res
on
anim
als
allo
w f
or
them
to
surv
ive.
H - 42
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
hysi
cal
char
acte
rist
ics
are
pas
sed
on
fro
m p
aren
t to
off
spri
ng.
Org
anis
ms
wit
h t
wo
par
ents
inher
it c
har
acte
rist
ics
of
bo
th.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
n o
rgan
ism
’s p
hysi
cal
app
eara
nce
can
chan
ge
wit
ho
ut
the
chan
ge
bei
ng p
asse
d o
n t
o i
ts
off
spri
ng (
e.g.,
dyed
hai
r, l
oss
of
a cl
aw
).
Su
bst
ran
d C
. M
ost
pla
nts
go
thro
ug
h a
lif
e cycl
e o
f
ger
min
atio
n,
gro
wth
, d
evelo
pm
ent,
rep
rod
uct
ion,
and
dea
th.
Str
an
d T
wo
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Ev
olu
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
. O
rganis
ms
of
the
sam
e ty
pe
var
y i
n
app
eara
nce
. T
hes
e var
iati
on
s m
ay p
rovid
e an
advan
tage
in r
epro
duct
ion a
nd
surv
ival
.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
hro
ugh t
he
use
of
bio
tech
no
log
y,
scie
nti
sts
engin
eer
pla
nts
and
man
ipula
te g
row
ing
cond
itio
ns
to m
eet
hu
man
nee
ds
and
wants
(e.
g.,
fru
its
wit
ho
ut
seed
s, h
yd
rop
onic
s).
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
ll l
ivin
g o
rganis
ms
inte
ract
wit
h t
he
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
thei
r su
rro
und
ing
s to
mee
t
thei
r nee
ds
for
surv
ival
. T
hes
e in
tera
ctio
ns
lead
to
a
const
ant
exchange
of
mat
ter.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. A
dap
tati
on
s in
org
anis
ms
enab
le t
hem
H - 43
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
to l
ive
and
rep
rod
uce
in c
erta
in e
nvir
on
ments
. T
ho
se
org
anis
ms
that
are
bes
t su
ited
fo
r a
par
ticu
lar
envir
on
ment
hav
e ad
apta
tio
ns
that
all
ow
them
to
com
pet
e fo
r av
aila
ble
res
ourc
es a
nd
co
pe
wit
h t
he
ph
ysi
cal
cond
itio
ns
of
thei
r im
med
iate
surr
ound
ing
s.
H - 44
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1 b
y
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 5
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Mo
tio
ns
an
d D
esig
ns
Tim
elin
e :
10
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
s a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on
. S
om
eti
mes
it i
s no
t p
oss
ible
to
kno
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l hav
e an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
e an
ob
ject
’s m
ovem
ent
and
des
crib
e th
e ch
anges
in m
oti
on.
Co
nst
ruct
mo
del
s to
ob
serv
e
pat
tern
s o
f m
oti
on.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
to
reco
gniz
e th
at f
orc
e ca
n c
han
ge
the
spee
d o
f an
ob
ject
.
Ener
gy m
ay b
e st
ore
d i
n m
ateri
als
wit
h e
last
ic p
rop
erti
es.
Inte
ract
ions
of
mat
eria
ls a
ffec
t th
e
mo
tio
n o
f an o
bje
ct.
Des
ign i
nvest
igat
ion
s th
at m
od
ify
a co
ntr
ol
to m
eet
spec
ific
cond
itio
ns.
Big
Id
eas
Mo
vin
g o
bje
cts
hav
e en
erg
y.
Fas
ter
mo
vin
g o
bje
cts
hav
e m
ore
ener
gy t
han s
low
er m
ovin
g
obje
cts.
Ener
gy c
an b
e st
ore
d i
n a
tw
iste
d
rub
ber
ban
d. T
his
ener
gy c
an m
ake
thin
gs
mo
ve.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
hap
pen
s to
the
ener
gy i
n
a sy
stem
— w
her
e d
oes
this
ener
gy c
om
e fr
om
, ho
w i
s it
chan
ged
wit
hin
the
syst
em
,
and
wher
e d
oes
it u
ltim
atel
y g
o?
Ho
w d
oes
the
flo
w o
f ener
gy
affe
ct
the
mat
eria
ls i
n t
he
syst
em
?
Ho
w d
o w
e kno
w t
hat
thin
gs
hav
e ener
gy?
Ho
w c
an e
ner
gy b
e tr
ansf
erre
d
fro
m o
ne
mat
eria
l to
ano
ther
?
What
hap
pen
s to
a m
ater
ial
wh
en e
ner
gy i
s tr
ansf
erre
d t
o
it?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Iden
tify
the
sto
red
ener
gy i
n a
twis
ted
rub
ber
ban
d a
s th
e
sourc
e o
f en
erg
y t
hat
can
cause
a v
ehic
le t
o m
ove.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
mo
tio
n o
f a
veh
icle
is
aff
ecte
d b
y m
ore
twis
ts o
f th
e ru
bb
er b
and
(gre
ater
sto
red
ela
stic
ener
gy)
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Stu
dent
Wo
rksh
eets
Sel
f ass
essm
ent
and
ref
lect
ion
Ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ents
and
dis
cuss
ion
s
Veh
icle
Dra
win
gs
Veh
icle
mo
del
s fr
om
tec
hnic
al
dra
win
gs
Pre
dic
tio
ns
Rec
ord
ed o
bse
rvat
ions
and
dat
a
coll
ecti
ons
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
-of-
Unit
Su
mm
ativ
e
asse
ssm
ent
Per
form
ance
tas
k
Tra
nsf
er t
ask
s
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
H - 45
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hno
log
y p
rovid
es t
he
too
ls n
eed
ed f
or
scie
nce
to
invest
igat
e q
uest
ion
s an
d m
ay p
rovid
e so
luti
ons
to
soci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wants
, o
r n
eed
s.
No
t al
l
tech
no
logic
al s
olu
tio
ns
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lab
le t
o e
ver
yo
ne.
Sta
nd
ard
Th
ree
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d O
ne
Fo
rm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
he
ener
gy o
f a m
ovin
g o
bje
ct d
epen
ds
on i
ts s
pee
d.
Fas
ter
mo
vin
g o
bje
cts
hav
e m
ore
ener
gy
than
slo
wer
mo
vin
g o
bje
cts
Su
bst
ran
d C
. E
ner
gy c
an b
e st
ore
d i
n a
n e
last
ic
mat
eria
l w
hen
it
is s
tret
ched
.
Str
an
d T
wo
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
. F
orc
e is
an
y p
ush
or
pull
exer
ted
by
one
ob
ject
on a
no
ther
. S
om
e fo
rces
(e.
g.,
mag
net
ic
forc
es a
nd
gra
vit
y)
can m
ake
thin
gs
mo
ve
wit
ho
ut
touch
ing t
hem
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
he
spee
ds
of
two
or
mo
re o
bje
cts
can
be
com
par
ed (
i.e.
, fa
ster
, sl
ow
er)
by m
easu
rin
g t
he
dis
tance
tra
vele
d i
n a
giv
en u
nit
of
tim
e, o
r b
y
mea
suri
ng t
he
tim
e nee
ded
to
tra
vel
a f
ixed
dis
tance
.
Chan
ges
in t
he
mo
tio
n o
f an
ob
ject
can b
e p
rod
uce
d b
y d
iffe
rent
size
d
forc
es.
Chan
ges
in t
he
mo
tio
n o
f an
ob
ject
can b
e p
rod
uce
d b
y f
orc
es f
rom
dif
fere
nt
dir
ecti
ons.
Sp
eed
is
the
am
oun
t o
f d
ista
nce
trav
eled
over
a c
erta
in a
mo
unt
of
tim
e.
Sp
eed
s o
f o
bje
cts
can b
e co
mp
ared
(fas
ter,
slo
wer
) th
rou
gh k
no
win
g
the
dis
tance
and
tim
e.
or
incr
ease
d
load
(do
wn
war
d a
ctin
g f
orc
e).
Inte
rpre
t d
ata
and
det
erm
ine
wh
ich d
ata
set
bes
t m
eets
the
esta
bli
shed
cri
teri
a.
H - 46
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gh
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1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d C
. A
fo
rce
must
be
app
lied
to
chan
ge
the
spee
d o
f a
mo
vin
g o
bje
ct o
r ch
ange
its
dir
ecti
on o
f
mo
tio
n.
Lar
ger
fo
rces
wil
l cr
eate
gre
ater
chan
ges
in
an o
bje
ct’s
sp
eed
in a
giv
en u
nit
of
tim
e.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. P
ush
ing a
nd
pu
llin
g f
orc
es c
an b
e use
d
to t
ransf
er e
ner
gy f
rom
one
ob
ject
to
ano
ther
.
Un
it T
wo
: M
ixtu
res
an
d S
olu
tio
ns
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
s a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it i
s no
t p
oss
ible
to
kno
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l hav
e an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
Co
nce
pts
Mat
eria
ls h
ave
ob
serv
able
and
mea
sura
ble
pro
per
ties
that
can
be
chan
ged
.
Mat
eria
ls h
ave
use
s b
ased
on t
hei
r
stru
cture
and
pro
per
ties
.
So
luti
on
s ar
e d
efin
ed t
hro
ugh
ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
ev
iden
ce.
Big
Id
eas
The
stru
cture
s o
f m
ater
ials
det
erm
ine
thei
r p
rop
erti
es.
The
pro
per
ties
of
a m
ixtu
re a
re
bas
ed o
n t
he
pro
per
ties
of
its
com
po
nents
.
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y i
nvo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly-o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
com
mu
nic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
The
pro
per
ties
of
a so
luti
on a
re
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
makes
a q
uest
ion
scie
nti
fic?
What
co
nst
itute
s ev
idence
?
When
do
yo
u k
no
w y
ou h
ave
eno
ugh e
vid
ence
?
Wh
y i
s it
nec
essa
ry t
o j
ust
ify
and
co
mm
unic
ate
an
exp
lanat
ion?
Ho
w d
o t
he
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls d
eter
min
e th
eir
use
?
Ho
w c
an t
he
pro
per
ties
of
the
com
po
nents
of
a m
ixtu
re b
e
use
d t
o s
epar
ate
the
mix
ture
?
Ho
w d
o t
he
com
po
nents
det
erm
ine
the
pro
per
ties
of
mix
ture
s?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Pre
dic
t th
e co
mp
on
ents
of
a
mix
ture
.
Wei
gh a
mix
ture
to
det
erm
ine
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Res
po
nse
shee
ts
Tea
cher
Ob
serv
atio
ns
End
of
Mo
dule
Ass
ess
ment
FO
SS
Scie
nce
Sto
ries
Sel
f ass
essm
ent
and
ref
lect
ion
s
Pro
ced
ure
s S
hee
ts
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
-of-
unit
Su
mm
ativ
e
asse
ssm
ent
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Tra
nsf
er T
asks
Rub
rics
/chec
kli
sts
H - 47
001319
4
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
Tw
o
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir P
rop
erti
es
Str
an
d O
ne
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
. O
bse
rvab
le p
hy
sica
l p
rop
erti
es c
an b
e
use
d t
o c
lass
ify m
ate
rial
s.
Thes
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
may i
ncl
ud
e so
lub
ilit
y,
mas
s, m
agnet
ism
, an
d
elec
tric
al c
ond
uct
ivit
y.
To
ols
such a
s gra
duat
ed
cyli
nd
ers,
bal
ance
s, r
ule
rs,
magnif
iers
, si
mp
le c
ircuit
s,
and
magnet
s ar
e use
d t
o s
tud
y t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
Su
bst
ran
d B
. H
eati
ng a
nd
co
oli
ng o
f m
ater
ials
may
pro
duce
chan
ges
in t
he
state
of
soli
ds,
liq
uid
s an
d
gas
es.
Str
an
d T
wo
Mix
ture
s a
nd
So
luti
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. M
ost
mat
eria
ls a
re p
hysi
cal
mix
ture
s.
Ph
ysi
cal
mix
ture
s ca
n b
e co
mp
ose
d o
f d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
mat
eria
ls,
each
hav
ing d
isti
nct
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Thes
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ty d
iffe
rence
s ca
n b
e use
d t
o
sep
arat
e, s
ort
, an
d g
roup
the
mat
eria
ls o
f th
e m
ixtu
re.
Su
bst
an
da
rd B
. M
ixtu
res
can
co
nsi
st o
f d
iffe
rent
com
bin
atio
ns
of
soli
ds
and
/or
liq
uid
s.
The
char
acte
rist
ics
of
thes
e re
sult
ing m
ixtu
res
dep
end
on
the
rela
tive
am
ou
nts
and
pro
per
ties
of
the
com
po
nen
ts
Su
bst
ran
d C
. P
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
can
be
use
d t
o
sep
arat
e m
ixtu
res
thro
ug
h t
echniq
ues
such a
s fi
ltra
tio
n
bas
ed o
n t
he
pro
per
ties
of
its
com
po
nents
.
A s
olu
tio
n i
s a
mix
ture
, b
ut
a
mix
ture
is
no
t al
ways
a so
luti
on.
its
mass
and
co
rrec
tly r
eco
rd
the
mass
wit
h i
ts u
nit
s
(gra
ms)
.
Mak
e a
pla
n t
o s
epar
ate
the
mix
ture
usi
ng t
hre
e d
iffe
rent
too
ls.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
too
ls
wil
l se
par
ate
the
mix
ture
.
Des
crib
e ho
w e
vap
ora
tio
n c
an
be
use
d t
o d
eter
min
e if
an
y
sub
stance
s ar
e d
isso
lved
in t
he
liq
uid
.
Iden
tify
that
the
mas
s o
f th
e
tota
l m
ixtu
re w
ould
be
equal
to t
he
sum
of
the
mas
s o
f th
e
ind
ivid
ual
par
ts.
Ob
serv
e an
d r
eco
rd t
wo
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
fo
r ea
ch o
f
thre
e li
quid
s.
Co
nd
uct
a c
oat
ing t
est
on e
ach
liq
uid
.
Co
nd
uct
the
smea
r te
st o
n
each
of
thre
e li
quid
s.
Ob
serv
e an
d r
eco
rd c
han
ges
to
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
liq
uid
s w
hen
wat
er i
s ad
ded
.
Org
aniz
e d
ata
in a
bar
gra
ph.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
dil
uti
on
dec
reas
es t
he
mas
s o
f a
sub
stance
.
H - 48
001320
5
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
and
evap
ora
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d D
. W
hen
a s
oli
d i
s d
isso
lved
in a
liq
uid
, a
solu
tio
n i
s fo
rmed
that
can b
e se
par
ated
thro
ug
h t
he
pro
cess
of
evap
ora
tio
n.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Co
nse
rv
ati
on
of
Ma
tter
Su
bst
ran
d A
. T
he
mas
s o
f an
obje
ct r
emai
ns
unchanged
wh
en b
roken i
nto
par
ts.
The
sum
of
the
par
ts e
qual
s th
e w
ho
le.
Anal
yze
dat
a, r
eco
gniz
e a
tren
d,
and
make
a p
red
icti
on.
Use
dat
a to
id
enti
fy a
so
lven
t
that
dis
solv
es t
he
mo
st
solv
ent.
Und
erst
and
that
a c
lear
liq
uid
may c
onta
in d
isso
lved
sub
stance
s th
at c
anno
t b
e se
en
.
Un
it T
hre
e:
Eco
syst
em
s
Tim
elin
e: 1
0 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
On
e
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
s a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d O
ne
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cienti
fic
ques
tio
n.
Invest
igat
ion
s d
iffe
r d
epen
din
g u
po
n t
he
ques
tio
n b
eing a
sked
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: F
air
test
des
ign
sup
po
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigati
on.
So
meti
mes
it i
s no
t p
oss
ible
to
kno
w e
ver
yth
ing t
hat
wil
l hav
e an
effe
ct
on t
he
inves
tigat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
cond
itio
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o
com
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d D
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
gro
ws
as s
cienti
sts
ask q
uest
ion
s, c
ond
uct
invest
igat
ions,
dev
elo
p e
xp
lan
atio
ns
and
co
mp
are
Co
nce
pts
Mo
del
s ar
e use
d t
o d
up
lica
te,
invest
igat
e, a
nd
anal
yze
aq
uati
c
and
ter
rest
rial
eco
syst
em
s
Mo
del
s ar
e use
d t
o o
bse
rve
inte
ract
ion
s w
ithin
an e
cosy
stem
Mo
del
s ar
e use
d t
o i
nvest
igat
e t
he
imp
act
of
hu
mans
on t
he
envir
on
ment
Ener
gy a
nd
matt
er c
ycl
e th
rou
gh
an e
cosy
stem
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
exp
lanat
ions
off
ers
solu
tio
ns
to e
nvir
on
menta
l
pro
ble
ms
Big
Id
eas
Org
anis
ms
and
thei
r en
vir
on
men
ts
are
inte
rco
nnec
ted
.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w c
an c
hange
in o
ne
par
t o
f
an e
cosy
stem
aff
ect
chan
ge
in
oth
er p
arts
of
the
eco
syst
em
?
Ho
w d
oes
mat
ter
and
ener
gy
lin
k o
rgan
ism
s to
eac
h o
ther
and
thei
r en
vir
on
ment?
Wh
y i
s
sunli
gh
t es
senti
al t
o l
ife
on
Ear
th?
Ho
w d
o h
um
ans
hav
e an
imp
act
on t
he
div
ersi
ty a
nd
stab
ilit
y o
f ec
osy
stem
s?
Ho
w i
s m
atte
r and
ener
gy
tran
sfer
red
/tra
nsf
orm
ed i
n
livin
g s
yst
em
s?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Iden
tify
liv
ing t
hin
gs
in a
n
eco
-co
lum
n.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
des
igned
pre
-
asse
ssm
ent
Dra
win
gs
Sci
ence
Jo
urn
als
Les
son a
s an a
sses
sment
Sel
f ass
essm
ent
and
ref
lect
ion
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Rub
rics
/Chec
kli
sts
Tea
cher
des
igned
po
st u
nit
asse
ssm
ent
H - 49
001321
6
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
resu
lts
wit
h w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
Su
bst
ran
d E
. U
nd
erst
and
that:
The
purp
ose
of
com
mu
nic
atin
g i
s to
shar
e and
just
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
mu
nic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
ud
ing t
he
det
ails
that
allo
w o
ther
s to
rep
lica
te t
he
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
. U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y a
re
imp
ort
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cienti
fic i
nq
uir
ies.
Str
an
d T
wo
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y a
nd
So
ciet
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
. S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hno
log
y p
rovid
es t
he
too
ls n
eed
ed f
or
scie
nce
to
invest
igat
e q
uest
ion
s an
d m
ay p
rovid
e so
luti
ons
to
soci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wants
, o
r nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
no
logic
al s
olu
tio
ns
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lab
le t
o e
ver
yo
ne.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
. C
ontr
ibuti
on
s b
y i
nd
ivid
ual
s have
bee
n
esse
nti
al i
n a
dvan
cin
g t
he
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
Six
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d O
ne
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
Su
bst
ran
d B
. T
he
dig
esti
ve
syst
em
has
maj
or
stru
cture
s th
at f
unct
ion t
o b
reak
do
wn f
oo
d f
or
use
in
the
bo
dy.
The
maj
or
par
ts o
f th
e d
iges
tive
syst
em
incl
ud
e th
e m
outh
, es
op
hagu
s, s
tom
ach,
small
Chan
ges
in o
ne
par
t o
f th
e sy
stem
wil
l af
fect
oth
er p
arts
of
the
syst
em
.
Mat
ter
nee
ded
to
sust
ain l
ife
is
conti
nual
ly r
ecycl
ed a
mo
ng a
nd
bet
wee
n o
rgan
ism
s and
the
envir
on
ment.
Hu
man
s ca
n a
lter
the
livin
g a
nd
no
n-l
ivin
g f
acto
rs w
ithin
an
eco
syst
em
, th
ereb
y c
reat
ing
chan
ges
to
the
over
all
syst
em
.
The
life
pro
cess
es o
f o
rgan
ism
s ar
e
affe
cte
d b
y t
hei
r in
tera
ctio
ns
wit
h
each
oth
er a
nd
thei
r en
vir
on
men
t
and
may b
e al
tere
d b
y h
um
an
man
ipula
tio
n.
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y i
nvo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly-o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
com
mu
nic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
Iden
tify
no
n-l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
in
an e
co-c
olu
mn
.
Iden
tify
bas
ic n
eed
s o
f fi
sh t
o
surv
ive
in a
n e
cosy
stem
and
wh
y t
hese
nee
ds
are
esse
nti
al.
Iden
tify
bas
ic n
eed
s o
f p
lants
to s
urv
ive
in a
n e
cosy
stem
an
d
wh
y t
hese
nee
ds
are
esse
nti
al.
Des
crib
e p
lausi
ble
conse
quence
s to
over
cro
wd
ing
of
fish
in a
n e
cosy
stem
.
Iden
tify
the
Su
n a
s th
e so
urc
e
of
ener
gy i
n a
n e
cosy
stem
.
Des
crib
e th
e p
ath o
f ener
gy
fro
m t
he
Sun t
o p
rod
uce
rs t
o
com
po
sers
.
Giv
en a
pic
ture
, co
mp
lete
a
sim
ple
fo
od
chai
n.
Des
crib
e ho
w p
op
ula
tio
ns
wit
hin
a w
etla
nd
eco
syst
em
may b
e aff
ecte
d i
f an
org
anis
m
is r
em
oved
.
Iden
tify
chan
ges
in p
op
ula
tio
n
dat
a o
ver
tim
e.
Iden
tify
a c
ause
fo
r ch
anges
in
po
pula
tio
n d
ata
over
tim
e.
Rea
d a
gra
ph a
nd
id
enti
fy a
tren
d.
H - 50
001322
7
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
inte
stin
e, a
nd
lar
ge
inte
stin
e.
Str
an
d T
wo
Ma
tter
an
d E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
. P
lants
nee
d t
he S
un’s
ener
gy t
o g
row
and
surv
ive.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
nim
als
nee
d f
oo
d t
o p
rovid
e
mat
eria
ls a
nd
ener
gy f
or
life
wh
ich t
hey d
eriv
e
dir
ectl
y o
r in
dir
ectl
y f
rom
pla
nts
.
Sta
nd
ard
Eig
ht
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d O
ne
Inte
ract
ion
s W
ith
in t
he
En
vir
on
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
ll l
ivin
g o
rganis
ms
inte
ract
wit
h t
he
livin
g a
nd
no
nli
vin
g p
arts
of
thei
r su
rro
und
ing
s to
mee
t th
eir
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
. T
hes
e in
tera
ctio
ns
lead
to a
co
nst
ant
exch
an
ge
of
mat
ter
Su
bst
ran
d C
. A
dap
tati
on
s in
org
anis
ms
enab
le t
hem
to l
ive
and
rep
rod
uce
in c
erta
in e
nvir
on
ments
. T
ho
se
org
anis
ms
that
are
bes
t su
ited
fo
r a
par
ticu
lar
envir
on
ment
hav
e ad
apta
tio
ns
that
all
ow
them
to
com
pet
e fo
r av
aila
ble
res
ourc
es a
nd
co
pe
wit
h t
he
ph
ysi
cal
cond
itio
ns
of
thei
r im
med
iate
surr
ound
ing
s
Su
bst
ran
d D
. C
han
ges
in a
n o
rgan
ism
’s e
nvir
on
men
t
may b
e ei
ther
ben
efic
ial
or
har
mfu
l.
Org
anis
ms
may
be
affe
cted
by o
ther
org
anis
ms,
by v
ario
us
ph
ysi
cal
fact
ors
(e.
g.,
rai
nfa
ll,
tem
per
ature
), b
y p
hysi
cal
forc
es
(e.g
., s
torm
s, e
arth
quak
es)
, an
d b
y d
aily
, se
aso
nal
, and
ann
ual
cycl
es.
Str
an
d T
wo
En
erg
y F
low
an
d M
ate
ria
l C
ycl
es i
n t
he
Ob
serv
e a
wat
er s
am
ple
and
reco
rd o
bse
rvat
ions.
Mea
sure
pH
.
Inte
rpre
t a
pH
tes
t.
Rel
ate
dat
a fr
om
sev
eral
sourc
es t
o a
wate
r sa
mp
le.
Just
ify a
po
siti
on u
sin
g
evid
ence
.
H - 51
001323
8
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
En
vir
on
men
t S
ub
stra
nd
A.
Pla
nts
nee
d e
ner
gy f
rom
the
Su
n,
wat
er
and
nutr
ients
fo
r gro
wth
and
surv
ival
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. A
nim
als
eat
pla
nts
or
oth
er a
nim
als
that
have
eate
n p
lants
. A
nim
als
ob
tain
ener
gy a
nd
mat
eria
ls f
or
bo
dy r
epai
r an
d g
row
th f
rom
fo
od
Su
bst
ran
d C
. D
ead
pla
nts
an
d a
nim
als
are
bro
ken
do
wn b
y d
eco
mp
ose
rs.
Str
an
d T
hre
e
Hu
ma
n I
mp
act
Su
bst
ran
d A
.
Hu
man
act
ivit
ies
may c
ause
po
lluti
on
of
air,
wat
er a
nd
so
il.
Su
bst
ran
d B
. D
iffe
rent
techn
olo
gie
s ar
e use
d t
o
acce
ss r
eso
urc
es t
o m
eet
hu
man w
ants
and
nee
ds.
In
man
y c
ases
the
en
vir
on
men
t is
aff
ecte
d a
nd
res
ourc
es
bec
om
e li
mit
ed.
So
me
acti
vit
ies
may i
nclu
de
burn
ing
of
foss
il f
uel
s, l
og
gin
g,
buil
din
g o
f hig
hw
ays,
sho
pp
ing c
ente
rs,
and
dam
s, i
ntr
od
uct
ion o
f o
ne
spec
ies
to c
ontr
ol
ano
ther
sp
ecie
s, s
pra
yin
g o
f in
sect
s,
as w
ell
as
som
e as
pec
ts o
f fa
rmin
g.
H - 52
001324
1
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er S
cho
ol
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 6
T
each
er:
__
__
__
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
My
Bo
dy
an
d M
e
Tim
elin
e :
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s. T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Be
able
to
: F
ram
e an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tio
ns
that
can
be
invest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
Su
bst
ran
d B
U
nd
erst
and
that
: A
val
id i
nves
tigati
on
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e q
ues
tio
n.
Be
able
to
: D
esig
n a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ions
wit
h
contr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t h
yp
oth
eses
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
U
nd
erst
and
that
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Be
able
to
: A
ccura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tec
hniq
ues
app
rop
riat
e to
the
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sho
win
g
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
and
dis
pla
y a
nd
faci
lita
te a
nal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s
wit
h a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stu
dents
.
Un
it C
on
cep
ts:
Syst
em
s- t
he
hu
man b
od
y h
as
inte
rrel
ated
syst
em
s th
at a
re
com
po
sed
of
rela
ted
org
ans
and
oth
er c
om
po
nen
ts.
Syst
em
s an
d
org
ans
are
par
t o
f th
e w
ay p
eop
le
org
aniz
e li
vin
g s
yst
em
s fr
om
cel
ls,
to t
issu
es,
org
ans,
to
org
an s
yst
em
s
to o
rgan
ism
s. (
Dis
cu
ss f
urt
her
).
Invest
igati
on
s –
Ther
e ar
e m
ult
iple
met
ho
ds
of
solv
ing p
rob
lem
s in
scie
nce
. T
her
e ar
e tr
ade-
off
s
asso
ciat
ed w
ith v
ario
us
met
ho
ds
of
coll
ecti
ng d
ata.
Evid
ence
- P
eop
le u
se o
bse
rvat
ions
and
dat
a to
sup
po
rt s
cien
tifi
c
exp
lanat
ions.
Mo
del
s- M
od
els
are
use
d t
o s
tud
y
bo
dy s
yst
em
s and
und
erst
and
ho
w
they f
uncti
on.
Str
uct
ure
and
fu
nct
ion
- T
he
stru
cture
of
bo
dy s
yst
em
s and
org
ans
is r
elat
ed t
o t
he
functi
on i
n a
com
ple
menta
ry m
anner
.
Big
Id
eas:
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
makes
a q
uest
ion
scie
nti
fic?
What
co
nst
itu
tes
evid
ence
? W
hen
do
yo
u k
no
w
yo
u h
ave
eno
ugh e
vid
ence
?
Wh
y i
s it
nec
essa
ry t
o j
ust
ify
and
co
mm
unic
ate
an
exp
lanat
ion? W
hat
eth
ical
issu
es a
rise
wh
en s
tud
yin
g
peo
ple
sci
enti
fica
lly?
Ho
w d
o s
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y
infl
uence
eac
h o
ther
in s
tud
yin
g
peo
ple
sci
enti
fica
lly?
Ho
w h
ave
pas
t sc
ien
tifi
c
contr
ibuti
on
s in
fluence
d c
urr
ent
scie
nti
fic
und
erst
and
ing o
f th
e
wo
rld
?
Ho
w d
oes
str
uctu
re r
elat
e to
funct
ion i
n h
um
an b
od
y o
rgan
s
and
syst
em
s?
Ho
w d
o r
esp
onse
s to
in
tern
al
and
exte
rnal
cues
aid
in a
n
org
anis
m’s
surv
ival
?
What
can
we
do
to
ben
efit
the
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Invest
igati
on
s
Stu
dent
journ
als
Sel
f ass
essm
ents
/refl
ecti
on
s
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Per
form
ance
tas
k
Rub
rics
Po
st-i
nst
ruct
ion a
sses
sments
H - 53
001325
2
C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d D
U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
her
e is
much e
xp
erim
enta
l
and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at s
up
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f
kno
wle
dge.
The
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
info
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l ev
iden
ce a
rise
s th
at
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting e
xp
lanat
ion
s. T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Be
able
to
: F
orm
exp
lanati
on
s b
ased
on a
ccura
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
idence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sin
g
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
so
urc
es a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
U
nd
erst
and
that
: E
val
uati
ng t
he
exp
lanat
ion
s
pro
po
sed
by o
ther
s in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g
evid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
beyo
nd
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
uggest
ing
alte
rnat
ive
exp
lanat
ion
s fo
r th
e sa
me o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e
dat
a su
ggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
inves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nued
invest
igat
ion c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
reso
luti
on o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to
: C
om
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s. U
se
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
co
mm
unic
ati
ng t
hes
e
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c hab
its
of
min
d
and
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dg
e an
d s
kil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
enness
to
new
id
eas,
and
obje
ctiv
ity.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y.
Be
able
to
: U
se m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tech
no
log
y w
hen c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y o
f hu
man b
od
y
syst
em
s in
vo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly-o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to p
rio
r sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
com
mu
nic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
Ther
e ar
e m
any w
ays
to p
rob
lem
solv
e in
sci
ence
, no
t ju
st o
ne
scie
nti
fic
met
ho
d.
Sci
ence
and
tec
hno
log
y d
rive
each
oth
er f
orw
ard
.
Und
erst
and
ing p
ast
contr
ibuti
ons
is
esse
nti
al i
n b
uil
din
g s
cien
tifi
c
kno
wle
dge.
Hu
man
bo
dy s
yst
em
s, f
rom
tis
sues
to o
rgan
syst
em
s, d
em
onst
rate
the
com
ple
menta
ry n
ature
of
stru
ctu
re
and
funct
ion.
Org
anis
ms
resp
ond
to
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
cues
, w
hic
h a
ids
in t
hei
r
surv
ival
.
The
life
pro
cess
es o
f o
rgan
ism
s ar
e
affe
cte
d b
y t
hei
r in
tera
ctio
ns
wit
h
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s an
d w
ith t
heir
envir
on
ment.
They a
nd
may
be
alte
red
by h
um
an m
anip
ula
tio
n.
Lif
e st
yle
dec
isio
ns
imp
act
the
hea
lth o
f h
um
ans
and
oth
er
org
anis
ms?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Des
crib
e an
d u
se s
cien
tifi
c
pro
ble
m s
olv
ing a
nd
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
n.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
dif
fere
nt
ways
scie
nce
is
use
d t
o s
tud
y
peo
ple
.
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
an
invest
igat
ion u
sin
g e
lem
ents
of
go
od
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
n.
Use
a v
arie
ty o
f m
od
els
to
illu
stra
te t
he
com
po
nen
ts,
funct
ions,
and
inte
ract
ion
s o
f
the
circ
ula
tory
, d
iges
tive,
and
resp
irat
ory
syst
em
s.
Eval
uate
a n
utr
itio
nal
lab
el t
o
det
erm
ine
the
nutr
itio
nal
valu
e
of
the
sourc
e o
f fo
od
as
a p
art
of
a b
alan
ced
die
t.
Eval
uate
and
use
qual
itat
ive
and
quan
tita
tive
dat
a to
fo
rm
exp
lanat
ions
and
make
dec
isio
ns.
Cho
ices
can t
hen b
e
mad
e k
no
w t
hat
are
ap
pro
pri
ate
to v
ario
us
situ
atio
ns.
Use
sp
ecif
ic e
quip
ment
to
mea
sure
var
iou
s ci
rcula
tory
and
resp
irat
ory
fu
nct
ions
H - 54
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d 2
Sci
ence
, T
ech
no
log
y,
an
d S
oci
ety
Su
bst
ran
d A
A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy
of
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le. T
echno
log
y e
nhance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
al,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l,
soci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
Incre
ased
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e chan
ges
that
can
be
ben
efi
cial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h i
mp
act
on
hu
man h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
men
t.
Str
an
d 3
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t p
eop
le
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s. S
tud
yin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
6
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d 1
Str
uct
ure
/Fu
nct
ion
Rela
tio
nsh
ip
Su
bst
ran
d B
L
ivin
g s
yst
em
s in
all
kin
gd
om
s d
em
on
stra
te
the
com
ple
men
tary
nat
ure
of
stru
cture
and
funct
ion.
Imp
ort
ant
level
s o
f o
rganiz
atio
n f
or
stru
cture
and
fu
nct
ion
incl
ud
e ce
lls,
tis
sues,
org
ans,
org
an s
yst
em
s, a
nd
org
anis
ms.
Su
bst
ran
d F
T
he
hu
man
bo
dy h
as
syst
em
s th
at p
erfo
rm
hea
lth o
f th
e b
od
y.
Use
kno
wle
dge
of
hu
man b
od
y
syst
em
s to
synth
esiz
e re
sear
ch
dat
a an
d m
ake
info
rmed
dec
isio
ns
regar
din
g p
erso
nal
and
pub
lic
hea
lth.
Res
earc
h a
nd
rep
ort
on h
ow
bo
dy s
yst
em
s ar
e aff
ecte
d b
y
life
style
cho
ices
such a
s d
iet
or
exer
cise
(fo
r ex
am
ple
lac
k o
f
exer
cise
lea
ds
to c
ard
iovas
cula
r
dis
ease
).
Exp
lain
that
hu
man b
od
y
syst
em
s ar
e co
mp
rise
d o
f
org
ans
(e.g
., t
he
hea
rt,
the
sto
mac
h,
and
the
lung
s) t
hat
per
form
sp
ecif
ic f
unct
ions
wit
hin
one
or
mo
re s
yst
em
s.
Lab
el a
nd
des
crib
e th
e
funct
ions
of
the
bas
ic p
arts
of
the
circ
ula
tory
syst
em
incl
ud
ing
the
hea
rt,
arte
ries
, vein
s an
d
cap
illa
ries
.
Lab
el a
nd
des
crib
e th
e
funct
ions
of
the
bas
ic p
arts
of
the
male
and
fem
ale
rep
rod
uct
ive
syst
em
s.
Lab
el a
nd
des
crib
e th
e
funct
ions
of
the
bas
ic p
arts
of
the
resp
irat
ory
syst
em
incl
ud
ing
the
trac
hea
, b
ronch
i and
lu
ngs.
Lab
el a
nd
des
crib
e th
e
H - 55
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
funct
ions
nec
essa
ry f
or
life
. M
ajo
r sy
stem
s o
f th
e hu
man
bo
dy i
ncl
ud
e th
e d
iges
tive,
res
pir
ato
ry,
rep
rod
uct
ive,
and
circ
ula
tory
syst
em
s.
Str
an
d 3
Reg
ula
tio
n a
nd
Beh
av
ior
Su
bst
ran
d A
R
egula
tio
n o
f an o
rgan
ism
’s i
nte
rnal
envir
on
ment
invo
lves
sen
sing e
xte
rnal
changes
in t
he
envir
on
ment
and
res
po
nd
ing
ph
ysi
olo
gic
ally
to
kee
p
cond
itio
ns
wit
hin
the
ran
ge
req
uir
ed f
or
surv
ival
(e.
g.
incr
easi
ng h
eart
rat
e w
ith e
xer
tio
n)
Str
an
d 4
Lif
e P
roce
sses
an
d T
ech
no
log
y A
pp
lica
tio
n
Su
bst
ran
d A
T
echno
logic
al a
dvan
ces
in m
edic
ine
and
imp
rovem
ents
in h
ygie
ne
hav
e hel
ped
in t
he
pre
venti
on a
nd
trea
tment
of
illn
ess.
Su
bst
ran
d B
T
he
funct
ionin
g a
nd
hea
lth o
f o
rgan
ism
s ar
e
infl
uence
d b
y m
any f
acto
rs (
i.e.
, her
edit
y,
die
t, l
ifes
tyle
,
bac
teri
a, v
iruse
s, p
aras
ites,
an
d t
he
env
iro
nm
ent)
. C
erta
in
bo
dy s
truct
ure
s an
d s
yst
em
s fu
nct
ion t
o p
rote
ct a
gai
nst
dis
ease
and
inju
ry.
funct
ions
of
the
bas
ic p
arts
of
the
dig
est
ive
trac
t in
clud
ing t
he
mo
uth
, es
op
hagu
s, s
tom
ach,
smal
l in
test
ine,
liv
er,
larg
e
inte
stin
e (c
olo
n),
rec
tum
and
anu
s.
Exp
ress
ho
w t
he
hu
man
circ
ula
tory
, re
spir
ato
ry,
and
dig
esti
ve
syst
em
s w
ork
to
get
her
to c
arry
out
life
pro
cess
es.
Tra
ce h
ow
the
circ
ula
tory
,
resp
irat
ory
, an
d d
igest
ive
syst
em
s in
tera
ct t
o t
ransp
ort
th
e
foo
d a
nd
ox
ygen r
equir
ed t
o
pro
vid
e en
erg
y f
or
life
pro
cess
es.
Co
nd
uct
sim
ple
in
ves
tigat
ions
(ho
w t
he
bo
dy r
eact
s to
exer
cise
, ch
an
ges
in
tem
per
ature
, et
c.)
to d
eter
min
e
ho
w t
he
syst
em
s in
12
the
hu
man o
rgan
ism
res
po
nd
to
var
ious
exte
rnal
stim
uli
to
mai
nta
in s
tab
le i
nte
rnal
cond
itio
ns.
Use
kno
wle
dge
of
hu
man b
od
y
syst
em
s to
synth
esiz
e re
sear
ch
dat
a an
d m
ake
info
rmed
dec
isio
ns
regar
din
g p
erso
nal
and
pub
lic
hea
lth.
Res
earc
h a
nd
rep
ort
on h
ow
bo
dy s
yst
em
s ar
e aff
ecte
d b
y
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gh
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
life
style
cho
ices
such a
s d
iet
or
exer
cise
, fo
r ex
am
ple
lac
k o
f
exer
cise
lea
ds
to c
ard
iovas
cula
r
dis
ease
.
Un
it T
wo
: F
orc
e a
nd
Mo
tio
n
Tim
elin
e:
8 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Be
able
to
: F
ram
e an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tio
ns
that
can
be
invest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
Su
bst
ran
d C
U
nd
erst
and
that
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tec
hniq
ues
ap
pro
pri
ate
to t
he
inves
tigat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sho
win
g
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
fac
ilit
ate
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s w
ith a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stu
den
ts.
Su
bst
ran
d D
U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
her
e is
much e
xp
erim
enta
l
and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at s
up
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f
kno
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
info
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l ev
iden
ce a
rise
s th
at
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting e
xp
lanat
ion
s.
This
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Un
it C
on
cep
ts:
Mo
tio
n c
an b
e ch
arac
teri
zed
by a
n
obje
ct’s
sp
eed
and
dir
ecti
on o
f
trav
el.
An o
bje
ct’s
aver
age
spee
d
can b
e ca
lcula
ted
fro
m k
no
wle
dge
of
dis
tance
and
tim
e.
Bal
ance
d f
orc
es d
o n
ot
cause
a
chan
ge
in t
he
mo
tio
n o
f an
ob
ject
;
unb
alance
d f
orc
es d
o c
ause
a
chan
ge
in t
he
mo
tio
n o
f an
ob
ject
.
The
imp
act
of
forc
es o
n t
he
mo
tio
n
(or
chan
ge
in m
oti
on)
of
an o
bje
ct
can b
e d
isp
layed
and
anal
yze
d u
sing
gra
phic
al m
ean
s.
Gra
vit
y i
s a
forc
e th
at
acts
bet
wee
n
mas
ses
over
lar
ge
dis
tance
s an
d c
an
infl
uence
the
mo
tio
n (
or
chan
ge
in
mo
tio
n)
of
an o
bje
ct.
Gra
vit
y a
cts
ver
tica
lly d
ow
nw
ard
on t
he
loca
l
scal
e an
d v
erti
call
y i
nw
ard
on t
he
glo
bal
sca
le.
Fo
rces
that
infl
uence
the
mo
tio
n (
or
chan
ge
in m
oti
on)
of
ob
ject
s ca
n b
e
iden
tifi
ed a
nd
co
mb
ined
to
det
erm
ine
the
over
all
eff
ect
of
thes
e fo
rces
.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w s
pee
d i
s m
easu
red
and
wh
y i
s sp
eed
im
po
rtan
t?
Ho
w c
an d
ot
pat
tern
s an
d
gra
phs
be
use
d t
o d
eter
min
e is
som
ethin
g i
s m
ovin
g a
t
const
ant
spee
d o
r no
t co
nst
ant
spee
d?
What
is
gra
vit
y a
nd
wh
at
fact
ors
aff
ect
the
stre
ng
th o
f th
e
pull
of
gra
vit
y?
Ho
w a
re m
ass
and
wei
ght
dif
fere
nt?
Ho
w c
an y
ou u
se t
he
dir
ecti
on
of
mo
tio
n t
o h
elp
det
erm
ine
the
dir
ecti
on o
f a
forc
e su
ch a
s ai
r
resi
stance
and
fri
ctio
n?
Wh
y i
s th
e d
irec
tio
n o
f fo
rce
imp
ort
ant?
Ho
w c
an y
ou d
eter
min
e th
e
tota
l fo
rce?
What
aff
ect
do
fo
rces
have
on
the
mo
tio
n o
f o
bje
cts?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Stu
dent
Journ
als
Act
ivit
y p
ages
Sel
f ass
essm
ent
and
ref
lect
ion
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Per
form
ance
tas
ks
rub
rics
H - 57
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Be
able
to
: F
orm
exp
lanati
on
s b
ased
on a
ccura
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
idence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sin
g
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
so
urc
es a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
U
nd
erst
and
that
: E
val
uati
ng t
he
exp
lanat
ion
s
pro
po
sed
by o
ther
s in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g
evid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
beyo
nd
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
uggest
ing
alte
rnat
ive
exp
lanat
ion
s fo
r th
e sa
me
ob
serv
atio
ns.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e
dat
a su
ggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
inves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nued
invest
igat
ion c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
reso
luti
on o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to
: C
om
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s. U
se
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
co
mm
unic
ati
ng t
hes
e
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d
and
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dg
e an
d s
kil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
enness
to
new
id
eas,
and
obje
ctiv
ity.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y.
Be
able
to
: U
se m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tech
no
log
y w
hen c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d 2
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
Su
bst
ran
d A
A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy
of
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
Big
Id
eas
Ener
gy t
akes
man
y f
orm
s. T
hes
e
form
s ca
n b
e gro
up
ed i
nto
typ
es o
f
ener
gy t
hat
are
asso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he
mo
tio
n o
f m
ass
(kin
etic
ener
gy),
and
typ
es o
f ener
gy a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
the
po
siti
on o
f m
ass
and
wit
h
ener
gy f
ield
s (p
ote
nti
al e
ner
gy
).
Chan
ges
take
pla
ce b
ecau
se o
f th
e
tran
sfer
of
ener
gy.
Ener
gy i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
mat
ter
thro
ugh t
he
acti
on o
f fo
rces
. D
iffe
rent
forc
es a
re
resp
onsi
ble
fo
r th
e tr
ansf
er o
f th
e
dif
fere
nt
form
s o
f ener
gy.
Ener
gy r
ead
ily t
ran
sfo
rms
fro
m o
ne
form
to
ano
ther
, b
ut
these
tran
sfo
rmat
ions
are
no
t al
way
s
rever
sib
le.
The
det
ails
of
these
tran
sfo
rmat
ions
dep
end
up
on t
he
init
ial
form
of
the
ener
gy a
nd
the
pro
per
ties
of
the
mat
eria
ls i
nv
olv
ed.
Ener
gy m
ay t
ran
sfer
into
or
out
of
a
syst
em
and
it
may c
han
ge
form
s,
but
the
tota
l ener
gy c
anno
t ch
ange.
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
an
exp
erim
ent
to d
eter
min
e th
e
spee
d o
f a
mo
vin
g o
bje
ct.
Co
mp
are
the
spee
ds
of
two
mo
vin
g o
bje
cts
qual
itat
ivel
y
(whic
h i
s fa
ster
, w
hic
h i
s
slo
wer
) an
d q
uanti
tati
vely
(ho
w
much f
aste
r).
Mea
sure
tim
e (i
n s
eco
nd
s) a
nd
dis
tance
(in
centi
met
ers)
.
Co
llec
t d
ata
fro
m m
ult
iple
tri
als
Cal
cula
te a
ver
age
spee
d
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
to
com
par
e co
nst
ant
spee
d a
nd
no
n-c
on
stan
t sp
eed
.
Mak
e d
ista
nce
ver
sus
tim
e
gra
phs
usi
ng a
do
t ca
r an
d
usi
ng a
mo
tio
n d
etec
tor.
Anal
yze
gra
ph
s to
des
crib
e ho
w
the
spee
d o
f an
ob
ject
chan
ges.
Use
mo
del
s to
ill
ust
rate
the
dir
ecti
on g
ravit
y a
cts
at
dif
fere
nt
po
ints
on E
arth
.
Iden
tify
the
forc
es o
f gra
vit
y,
sup
po
rtin
g f
orc
es,
air
resi
stance
, el
asti
c fo
rces
and
tensi
on f
orc
es.
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
be
po
ssib
le. T
echno
log
y e
nhance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
al,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l,
soci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
Incre
ased
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e chan
ges
that
can
be
ben
efi
cial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h i
mp
act
on
hu
man h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
men
t.
Str
an
d 3
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t p
eop
le
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s. S
tud
yin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
3
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d 1
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
M
echan
ical
en
erg
y c
om
es
fro
m t
he
mo
tio
n
(kin
etic
ener
gy)
and
po
siti
on (
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy)
of
ob
ject
s.
Gra
vit
atio
nal
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy
and
ela
stic
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy
are
imp
ort
ant
form
s o
f p
ote
nti
al e
ner
gy t
hat
contr
ibute
to
the
mec
hanic
al e
ner
gy o
f o
bje
cts.
Str
an
d 2
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
W
hen
the
forc
es a
ctin
g o
n a
n o
bje
ct a
re
bal
ance
d,
its
mo
tio
n w
ill
no
t ch
ange.
Unb
alan
ced
fo
rces
wil
l ca
use
the
ob
ject
’s m
oti
on t
o c
han
ge.
Chan
ges
in m
oti
on
Iden
tify
the
forc
e, w
het
her
it
is
a p
ush
or
pull
fo
rce,
the
dir
ecti
on o
f fo
rce
and
just
ify
the
cho
ice
usi
ng e
vid
ence
.
Cre
ate
forc
e d
iagra
ms
usi
ng
arro
ws
to i
llu
stra
te t
he
dir
ecti
on
and
am
ou
nt
of
forc
e.
Lis
t, a
s b
asic
fo
rms
of
ener
gy,
lig
ht,
hea
t, s
ound
, el
ectr
ical
,
and
ener
gy o
f m
oti
on.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
on a
mo
vin
g o
bje
ct a
nd
make
mea
sure
ments
of
tim
e an
d
dis
tance
tra
vele
d a
nd
det
erm
ine
the
aver
age
spee
d o
f m
ovin
g
obje
cts.
Gra
ph a
nd
inte
rpre
t d
ista
nce
ver
sus
tim
e gra
ph
s fo
r co
nst
ant
spee
d.
Use
the
gra
phs
to d
escr
ibe
ho
w
the
po
siti
on o
f an o
bje
ct
chan
ges
in a
tim
e in
terv
al.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
spee
d o
f an
obje
ct d
epen
ds
on t
he
dis
tance
trav
eled
and
the
travel
tim
e.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
mo
tio
n o
f an
obje
ct c
an b
e d
escr
ibed
by i
ts
po
siti
on,
spee
d,
and
dir
ecti
on o
f
mo
tio
n.
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gh
t ©
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
dep
end
up
on t
he
size
and
dir
ecti
on o
f th
e to
tal
unb
alan
ced
forc
e ex
erte
d o
n t
he
ob
ject
Su
bst
ran
d B
G
ravit
y i
s a
forc
e th
at a
cts
bet
wee
n m
ass
es
over
ver
y l
arge
dis
tance
s. N
ear
the
Ear
th’s
surf
ace,
gra
vit
y
pull
s o
bje
cts
and
sub
stance
s v
erti
call
y d
ow
nw
ard
Giv
e ex
am
ple
s o
f o
bje
cts
at
rest
, an
d i
den
tify
the
forc
es t
hat
act
on a
n o
bje
ct w
hil
e it
rem
ain
s at
res
t (g
ravit
y,
sup
po
rtiv
e fo
rces
, fr
icti
on,
oth
er p
ush
ing o
r p
ull
ing
forc
es).
Exp
lain
that
if
the
ob
ject
is
no
t
mo
vin
g,
it m
ust
have
at l
east
two
fo
rces
act
ing o
n i
t th
at a
re
bal
ance
d.
Giv
e ex
am
ple
s o
f m
ovin
g
obje
cts
and
id
enti
fy t
he
forc
es
that
act
on t
hes
e o
bje
cts.
Sel
ect
exam
ple
s w
her
e o
nly
one
forc
e
acts
on t
he
ob
ject
and
exam
ple
s
wh
ere
two
or
mo
re f
orc
es a
ct
on t
he
ob
ject
.
Exp
lain
that
unb
alance
d f
orc
es
acti
ng o
n a
n o
bje
ct w
ill
chan
ge
its
spee
d,
dir
ecti
on o
f m
oti
on,
or
bo
th.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
to
des
crib
e ho
w t
he
rela
tive
dir
ecti
ons
of
forc
es
sim
ult
aneo
usl
y a
cti
ng o
n a
n
obje
ct (
rein
forc
e o
r ca
nce
l ea
ch
oth
er)
wil
l d
eter
min
e ho
w
stro
ng
ly t
he
com
bin
atio
n o
f
thes
e fo
rces
in
fluence
s th
e
mo
tio
n o
f th
e o
bje
ct.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
and
H - 60
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
des
crib
e ho
w a
fo
rce
can b
e
dir
ecte
d t
o i
ncr
ease
the
spee
d o
f
an o
bje
ct, d
ecre
ase
the
spee
d o
f
the
ob
ject
or
chan
ge
the
dir
ecti
on i
n w
hic
h t
he
ob
ject
mo
ves.
Exp
lain
that
an o
bje
ct t
hat
fee
ls
the
effe
cts
of
bal
ance
d f
orc
es
may b
e at
res
t o
r m
ay b
e
mo
vin
g i
n a
str
aig
ht
line
wit
h a
spee
d t
hat
do
es n
ot
change.
Exp
lain
that
the
eart
h w
ill
pull
on a
ll o
bje
cts
wit
h a
fo
rce
call
ed g
ravit
y t
hat
is
dir
ecte
d
inw
ard
to
war
d t
he
cente
r o
f th
e
Ear
th.
Un
it T
hre
e:
Ele
ctri
cal
En
erg
y
Tim
elin
e: 8
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
1
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d t
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Be
able
to
: F
ram
e an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tio
ns
that
can
be
invest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
Su
bst
ran
d B
U
nd
erst
and
that
: A
val
id i
nves
tigati
on
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e q
ues
tio
n.
Un
it C
on
cep
ts:
Fo
r en
erg
y t
o f
low
in a
cir
cuit
, th
e
circ
uit
mu
st b
e a
clo
sed
lo
op
.
When
tw
o o
r m
ore
dev
ices
are
incl
ud
ed i
n a
cir
cuit
thei
r
per
form
ance
wil
l d
epen
d u
po
n h
ow
they a
re c
on
nec
ted
to
the
ener
gy
sourc
e (s
erie
s/p
aral
lel)
and
there
fore
the
am
oun
t o
f en
erg
y d
eliv
ered
to
each
dev
ice.
Ther
e ar
e tw
o t
yp
es o
f el
ectr
ical
char
ge,
po
siti
ve
and
negat
ive.
Ob
ject
s ca
n b
eco
me
“char
ged
” an
d
as a
res
ult
can a
ttra
ct o
r
rep
el o
ther
obje
cts.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o w
e kno
w t
hat
thin
gs
hav
e ener
gy?
Ho
w c
an e
ner
gy b
e tr
ansf
erre
d
fro
m o
ne
mat
eria
l to
ano
ther
?
What
hap
pen
s to
a m
ater
ial
wh
en e
ner
gy i
s tr
ansf
erre
d t
o
it?
What
hap
pen
s to
this
ener
gy i
n
a sy
stem
-wh
ere
do
es t
his
ener
gy c
om
e fr
om
, ho
w i
s it
chan
ged
wit
hin
the
syst
em
, an
d
wh
ere
do
es i
t ult
imat
ely g
o?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Stu
dent
journ
als
KW
L
Stu
dent
Sel
f as
sess
ment
and
refl
ecti
on
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Cre
ate
dia
gra
ms
of
elec
tric
circ
uit
s
Co
nst
ruct
ele
ctri
c ci
rcu
its
Rub
rics
H - 61
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gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Be
able
to
: D
esig
n a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ion
s w
ith c
ontr
oll
ed
var
iab
les
to t
est
hyp
oth
ese
s.
Su
bst
ran
d C
U
nd
erst
and
that
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Be
able
to
: A
ccura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tec
hniq
ues
app
rop
riat
e to
the
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sho
win
g
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
fac
ilit
ate
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s w
ith a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stu
den
ts.
Su
bst
ran
d D
U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
her
e is
much e
xp
erim
enta
l
and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at s
up
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f
kno
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
info
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l ev
iden
ce a
rise
s th
at
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting e
xp
lanat
ion
s.
This
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Be
able
to
: F
orm
exp
lanati
ons
bas
ed o
n a
ccura
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
idence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sin
g
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
so
urc
es a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
U
nd
erst
and
that
: E
val
uati
ng t
he
exp
lanat
ion
s
pro
po
sed
by o
ther
s in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
ev
iden
ce,
iden
tify
ing f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
ug
ges
tin
g a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanat
ions
for
the
sam
e o
bse
rvat
ions.
C
on
flic
tin
g d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng i
nte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sug
ges
t th
e nee
d
for
furt
her
in
vest
igati
on.
Co
nti
nued
invest
igat
ion c
an l
ead
to g
reat
er u
nd
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to
: C
om
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s. U
se
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
co
mm
unic
ati
ng t
hes
e
Neg
ativ
e ch
arges
mo
ve
free
ly
thro
ugh t
he
circ
uit
and
car
ry e
ner
gy
fro
m t
he
ener
gy s
ourc
e to
the
dev
ice(
s) i
n t
he
circ
uit
. T
he
char
ges
are
nev
er u
sed
up
, no
r
chan
ged
in a
ny w
ay.
Big
Id
eas:
Ener
gy t
akes
man
y f
orm
s. T
hes
e
form
s ca
n b
e gro
up
ed i
nto
typ
es o
f
ener
gy t
hat
are
asso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he
mo
tio
n o
f m
ass
(kin
etic
ener
gy),
and
typ
es o
f ener
gy a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
the
po
siti
on o
f m
ass
and
wit
h
ener
gy f
ield
s (p
ote
nti
al e
ner
gy
).
Chan
ges
take
pla
ce b
ecau
se o
f th
e
tran
sfer
of
ener
gy.
Ener
gy i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
mat
ter
thro
ugh t
he
acti
on o
f fo
rces
. D
iffe
rent
forc
es a
re
resp
onsi
ble
fo
r th
e tr
ansf
er o
f th
e
dif
fere
nt
form
s o
f ener
gy.
Ener
gy r
ead
ily t
ran
sfo
rms
fro
m o
ne
form
to
ano
ther
, b
ut
these
tran
sfo
rmat
ions
are
no
t al
way
s
rever
sib
le.
The
det
ails
of
these
tran
sfo
rmat
ions
dep
end
up
on t
he
init
ial
form
of
the
ener
gy a
nd
the
pro
per
ties
of
the
mat
eria
ls i
nv
olv
ed.
Ener
gy m
ay t
ran
sfer
into
or
out
of
a
syst
em
and
it
may c
han
ge
form
s,
but
the
tota
l ener
gy c
anno
t ch
ange.
Peo
ple
uti
lize
a v
arie
ty o
f re
sourc
es
to m
eet
the
bas
ic a
nd
sp
ecif
ic n
eed
s
Ho
w d
oes
the
flo
w o
f ener
gy
affe
ct
the
mat
eria
ls i
n t
he
syst
em
?
What
is
a “r
esp
onsi
ble
” use
of
ener
gy? A
re t
her
e al
tern
ati
ve
form
s o
f en
erg
y t
hat
wil
l se
rve
our
nee
ds,
or
bet
ter
ways
of
usi
ng t
rad
itio
nal
fo
rms
of
ener
gy?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Cla
ssif
y c
ircuit
dia
gra
ms
as
com
ple
te o
r in
com
ple
te a
nd
just
ify t
he
clas
sifi
cati
on.
Des
crib
e b
asic
ser
ies
and
par
alle
l ci
rcuit
s an
d t
hei
r
com
po
nents
.
Cre
ate
dra
win
gs
of
seri
es
and
par
alle
l ci
rcuit
s in
clud
ing
tho
se w
ith m
ult
iple
dev
ices
.
Co
nst
ruct
ser
ies
and
par
alle
l
circ
uit
s th
at c
onta
in t
wo
or
thre
e d
evic
es.
Use
evid
ence
to
pro
ve
that
the
dev
ices
are
par
t
of
the
wo
rkin
g c
ircu
it.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
par
alle
l
and
ser
ies
circ
uit
s in
ter
ms
of
ener
gy.
Tro
ub
lesh
oo
t an
inco
mp
lete
circ
uit
.
H - 62
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yri
gh
t ©
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y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c h
abit
s o
f m
ind
and
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dg
e an
d s
kil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
enness
to
new
id
eas,
and
obje
ctiv
ity.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y.
Be
able
to
: U
se m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tech
no
log
y w
hen c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d 2
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
Su
bst
ran
d A
A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy
of
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le. T
echno
log
y e
nhance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
al,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l,
soci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
Incre
ased
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e chan
ges
that
can
be
ben
efi
cial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h i
mp
act
on
hu
man h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
men
t.
Str
an
d 3
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t p
eop
le
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
ons
and
ho
w t
hey c
am
e
abo
ut
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the e
xp
ansi
on o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
of
life
. S
om
e o
f th
ese
reso
urc
es
canno
t b
e re
pla
ced
. O
ther
res
ourc
es
can b
e re
ple
nis
hed
or
exis
t in
such
vas
t q
uanti
ties
they a
re i
n n
o d
anger
of
bec
om
ing d
eple
ted
.
Oft
en t
he
ener
gy s
tore
d i
n r
eso
urc
es
mu
st b
e tr
ansf
orm
ed i
nto
mo
re
use
ful
form
s an
d t
ransp
ort
ed o
ver
gre
at d
ista
nce
s b
efo
re i
t ca
n b
e
hel
pfu
l to
us.
Co
mp
are
the
po
wer
usa
ge
in
an i
nca
nd
esce
nt
and
fluo
resc
ent
lig
ht
bulb
. D
iscuss
wh
ich d
evic
e re
quir
es l
ess
ener
gy a
nd
wh
ich w
ould
be
the
bet
ter
bu
y.
Des
crib
e el
ectr
ic c
har
ges
and
the
forc
es t
hat
char
ges
exer
t o
n
each
oth
er.
Des
crib
e th
e d
iffe
rence
bet
wee
n e
lect
rica
lly n
eutr
al
and
ele
ctri
call
y c
har
ged
obje
cts
and
des
crib
e ho
w
forc
es a
ct o
n o
bje
cts
to m
ove
char
ges
fro
m o
ne
ob
ject
to t
he
oth
er.
Use
a m
od
el t
o e
xp
lain
the
imp
ort
ance
of
elec
tric
char
ge,
bat
teri
es,
and
ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy
in c
ircu
its.
Exp
lain
the
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n
an e
lect
rica
l co
nd
uct
or
and
an
insu
lato
r.
Pre
dic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
the
per
form
ance
of
lig
ht
bulb
s an
d
mo
tors
in s
erie
s an
d p
aral
lel
circ
uit
s.
Lis
t, a
s b
asic
fo
rms
of
ener
gy,
lig
ht,
hea
t, s
ound
, el
ectr
ical
,
and
ener
gy o
f m
oti
on.
H - 63
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
3
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d 1
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d E
E
lect
rica
l en
erg
y i
s a
form
of
ener
gy t
hat
can
be
tran
sfer
red
by m
ovin
g c
har
ges
thro
ugh a
co
mp
lete
circ
uit
.
Str
an
d 2
Fo
rces
an
d T
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d H
E
lect
rica
l sy
stem
s ca
n b
e d
esig
ned
to
per
form
a v
arie
ty o
f ta
sks.
Ser
ies
or
par
alle
l ci
rcuit
s ca
n b
e
use
d t
o t
ransf
er e
lect
rica
l en
erg
y t
o d
evic
es.
Ele
ctri
cal
circ
uit
s re
quir
e a
com
ple
te l
oo
p t
hro
ug
h w
hic
h t
he
elec
tric
al
char
ges
can p
ass.
Str
an
d 3
En
erg
y I
nte
ract
ing
wit
h M
ate
ria
ls:
the
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
E
ner
gy c
an b
e tr
ansf
orm
ed f
rom
one
form
into
ano
ther
. E
ner
gy t
ran
sfo
rmat
ion
s o
ften t
ake
pla
ce w
hil
e
ener
gy i
s b
ein
g t
ransf
erre
d t
o a
no
ther
ob
ject
or
sub
stan
ce.
Ener
gy t
ransf
orm
ati
on
s an
d e
ner
gy t
ran
sfer
s ca
n b
e use
d t
o
exp
lain
ho
w e
ner
gy f
low
s th
roug
h a
ph
ysi
cal
syst
em
(e.
g.,
pho
tosy
nth
esi
s, w
eath
erin
g,
and
ele
ctri
cal
circ
uit
s).
Exp
lain
that
ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy
is a
fo
rm o
f en
erg
y t
hat
is
tran
sfer
red
thro
ug
h c
ircu
its
to
dev
ices
that
are
des
igned
to
mak
e use
of
this
fo
rm o
f
ener
gy (
e.g.,
lam
ps,
fan
s,
com
pute
rs,
etc.
).
Des
crib
e th
e ro
le o
f el
ectr
ical
char
ge
in c
ircu
its
by u
sing a
mo
del
of
elec
tric
al c
ircu
its.
Rel
ate
that
ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy
carr
ied
by c
har
ges
in a
cir
cuit
is t
ransf
erre
d t
o d
evic
es i
n t
he
circ
uit
and
is
usu
ally
chan
ged
into
(tr
ansf
orm
ed)
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
ener
gy b
y t
hese
dev
ices
(e.
g.,
lig
ht
bu
lbs
chan
ge
elec
tric
al e
ner
gy i
nto
lig
ht
and
hea
t en
erg
y,
mo
tors
turn
the
elec
tric
al e
ner
gy i
nto
ener
gy o
f m
oti
on).
Tra
ce t
he
flo
w o
f ener
gy f
rom
ele
ctr
ical
ener
gy t
o o
ther
fo
rms
of
ener
gy,
such
as
lig
ht.
Exp
ress
wh
ether
ener
gy w
as
tran
sfer
red
, tr
ansf
orm
ed o
r
bo
th.
Co
nst
ruct
bo
th s
erie
s and
par
alle
l ci
rcuit
s to
in
ves
tigate
and
des
crib
e ho
w m
ult
iple
dev
ices
in s
erie
s o
r p
aral
lel
(bulb
s, m
oto
rs)
per
form
(d
im
ver
sus
bri
ght,
fast
ver
sus
slo
w).
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
way
H - 64
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
the
dev
ices
are
connec
ted
affe
cts
the
funct
ionin
g (
i.e.
,
dim
ver
sus
bri
ght)
of
the
dev
ice,
and
rel
ate
this
to
ho
w
much e
lect
rica
l ener
gy i
s
rece
ived
.
Mo
vin
g e
lect
ric
char
ges
pro
duce
magneti
c fi
eld
s.
Sho
w h
ow
ele
ctri
cal
ener
gy
carr
ied
by c
urr
ents
in w
ires
can b
e use
d t
o c
reat
e m
agnet
ic
fiel
ds.
Un
it F
ou
r: S
imp
le M
ach
ines
Tim
elin
e:
6 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1
Na
ture
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f S
cien
ce a
nd
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c In
qu
iry
Su
bst
ran
d A
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s. T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Be
able
to
: F
ram
e an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tio
ns
that
can
be
invest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
Su
bst
ran
d B
U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
in
vest
igat
ion
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e q
ues
tio
n.
Be
able
to
: D
esig
n a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ions
wit
h
contr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t h
yp
oth
eses
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
U
nd
erst
and
that
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion,
Un
it C
on
cep
ts:
Sim
ple
mac
hin
es
are
use
d t
o
tran
sfer
ener
gy i
n o
rder
to
com
ple
te
a ta
sk.
Sim
ple
mac
hin
es
may c
han
ge
the
dir
ecti
on o
f an
ap
pli
ed f
orc
e
(dir
ecti
onal
ad
van
tage)
or
the
size
of
the
forc
e th
at i
s ap
pli
ed
(mec
hanic
al a
dvanta
ge)
but
that
the
am
ou
nt
of
ener
gy t
ran
sfer
red
by
the
sim
ple
mac
hin
e is
eq
ual
to
the
am
ou
nt
of
ener
gy
tran
sfer
red
to
the
sim
ple
mac
hin
e
The
effo
rt f
orc
e an
d t
he
eff
ort
dis
tance
fo
rm a
n i
nver
se
rela
tio
nsh
ip (
som
etim
es
des
crib
ed
in t
erm
s o
f “t
rad
e-o
ff”)
. T
his
rela
tio
nsh
ip s
tem
s fr
om
the
fact
that
it t
akes
a s
pec
ific
am
ou
nt
of
ener
gy
to c
om
ple
te a
giv
en t
ask.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
makes
a q
uest
ion
scie
nti
fic?
What
co
nst
itute
s ev
idence
?
When
do
yo
u k
no
w y
ou h
ave
eno
ugh e
vid
ence
?
Wh
y i
s it
nec
essa
ry t
o j
ust
ify
and
co
mm
unic
ate
an
exp
lanat
ion?
Ho
w c
an e
ner
gy b
e tr
ansf
erre
d
fro
m o
ne
mat
eria
l to
ano
ther
?
What
hap
pen
s to
a m
ater
ial
wh
en e
ner
gy i
s tr
ansf
erre
d t
o
it?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Det
erm
ine
wher
e to
pla
ce t
he
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Invest
igati
on r
efle
ctio
ns
Stu
dent
journ
als
Sel
f ass
essm
ents
and
ref
lect
ions
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
of
unit
ass
essm
ent
H - 65
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Be
able
to
: A
ccura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tec
hniq
ues
app
rop
riat
e to
the i
nvest
igat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sho
win
g
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
faci
lita
te a
nal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s
wit
h a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stu
dents
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
her
e is
much e
xp
erim
enta
l
and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at s
up
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f
kno
wle
dge.
The
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
info
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l ev
iden
ce a
rise
s th
at
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting
exp
lanat
ion
s. T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Be
able
to
: F
orm
exp
lanati
on
s b
ased
on a
ccura
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
idence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sin
g
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
so
urc
es a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
U
nd
erst
and
that
: E
val
uati
ng t
he
exp
lanat
ion
s
pro
po
sed
by o
ther
s in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g
evid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
beyo
nd
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
uggest
ing
alte
rnat
ive
exp
lanat
ion
s fo
r th
e sa
me o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e
dat
a su
ggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
inves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nued
invest
igat
ion c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
reso
luti
on o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to
: C
om
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s. U
se
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
co
mm
unic
ati
ng t
hes
e
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Big
Id
eas:
Chan
ges
take
pla
ce b
ecau
se o
f th
e
tran
sfer
of
ener
gy.
Ener
gy i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
mat
ter
thro
ugh t
he
acti
on o
f fo
rces
. D
iffe
rent
forc
es
are
resp
onsi
ble
fo
r th
e tr
ansf
er o
f
the
dif
fere
nt
form
s o
f ener
gy.
effo
rt f
orc
e an
d f
ulc
rum
in
ord
er t
o l
ift
an o
bje
ct w
ith t
he
leas
t am
oun
t o
f ef
fort
fo
rce.
Rea
d a
sp
ring s
cale
to
mea
sure
the
am
oun
t o
f ef
fort
fo
rce.
Rec
og
niz
e an
d d
escr
ibe
ho
w
lever
s u
sed
in d
aily
lif
e.
Des
crib
e th
e re
lati
on
ship
bet
wee
n t
he
eff
ort
fo
rce
and
the
effo
rt d
ista
nce
.
Co
llec
t d
ata
in a
sin
gle
and
a
do
ub
le p
ull
ey s
yst
em
.
Mak
e o
bse
rvat
ion
s o
f p
ull
ey
syst
em
s an
d d
raw
co
ncl
usi
on
s
usi
ng d
ata.
Use
mult
ipli
cati
on s
kil
ls t
o
com
ple
te a
dat
a ta
ble
.
Dra
w c
oncl
usi
ons
abo
ut
dat
a
fro
m p
revio
us
inq
uir
ies
to u
se
wit
h p
rese
nt
inves
tigati
ons.
Iden
tify
the
eff
ort
fo
rce
and
effo
rt d
ista
nce
in a
n i
ncl
ined
pla
ne
syst
em
.
Mak
e o
bse
rvat
ion
s ab
out
incl
ined
pla
ne
syst
em
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a in
an i
ncl
ined
pla
ne
syst
em
, and
dra
w c
oncl
usi
ons.
Ap
ply
kno
wle
dge
of
incl
ined
H - 66
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d F
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c hab
its
of
min
d
and
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dg
e an
d s
kil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
enness
to
new
id
eas,
and
obje
ctiv
ity.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y.
Be
able
to
: U
se m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tech
no
log
y w
hen c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sta
nd
ard
3
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d 2
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
W
hen
the
forc
es a
ctin
g o
n a
n o
bje
ct a
re
bal
ance
d,
its
mo
tio
n w
ill
no
t ch
ange.
Unb
alan
ced
fo
rces
wil
l ca
use
the
ob
ject
’s m
oti
on
to
chan
ge.
Chan
ges
in m
oti
on
dep
end
up
on t
he
size
and
dir
ecti
on o
f th
e to
tal
unb
ala
nce
d
forc
e ex
erte
d o
n t
he
ob
ject
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
G
ravit
y i
s a
forc
e th
at a
cts
bet
wee
n m
ass
es
over
ver
y l
arge
dis
tance
s. N
ear
the
Ear
th’s
surf
ace,
gra
vit
y
pull
s o
bje
cts
and
sub
stance
s ver
tica
lly d
ow
nw
ard
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
F
orc
es c
an b
e u
sed
to
tra
nsf
er e
ner
gy
fro
m
one
ob
ject
to
ano
ther
. S
imp
le m
ach
ines
are
use
d t
o t
ransf
er
ener
gy i
n o
rder
to
sim
pli
fy d
iffi
cult
tas
ks.
pla
ne
syst
em
s to
pra
ctic
al
app
lica
tio
ns.
Iden
tify
ho
w t
he
scre
w i
s an
exam
ple
of
an i
ncl
ined
pla
ne.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
usi
ng
sim
ple
mac
hin
es
to d
em
on
stra
te
ho
w f
orc
es t
ran
sfer
ener
gy.
Exp
lain
that
sim
ple
mac
hin
es
may c
hange
the
dir
ecti
on o
f an
app
lied
fo
rce
(dir
ecti
onal
advan
tage)
or
the
size
of
the
forc
e th
at i
s ap
pli
ed
(mec
hanic
al a
dvanta
ge)
but
that
the
am
ount
of
ener
gy
tran
sfer
red
by
the
sim
ple
mac
hin
e is
eq
ual
to
the
am
ou
nt
of
ener
gy t
ran
sfer
red
to
the
sim
ple
mac
hin
e.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
usi
ng
sim
ple
mac
hin
es
to d
em
on
stra
te
ho
w f
orc
es t
ran
sfer
ener
gy.
Exp
lain
that
sim
ple
mac
hin
e
may c
hange
the
dir
ecti
on o
f an
app
lied
fo
rce
(dir
ecti
onal
advan
tage)
or
the
size
of
the
forc
e th
at i
s ap
pli
ed
(mec
hanic
al a
dvanta
ge)
but
that
the
am
oun
t o
f en
erg
y
tran
sfer
red
by t
he
sim
ple
mac
hin
e is
eq
ual
to
the
am
ou
nt
of
ener
gy t
ran
sfer
red
to
the
sim
ple
mac
hin
e.
H - 67
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gh
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201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Des
ign a
dev
ice
that
rel
ies
on
the
dir
ecti
onal
and
/or
mec
hanic
al a
dvan
tage
of
a
sim
ple
mac
hin
e to
per
form
a
task
(e.
g.,
lif
t a
wei
gh
t, m
ove
a
hea
vy o
bje
ct).
Iden
tify
the
forc
es a
nd
mo
tio
ns
invo
lved
, th
e so
urc
e o
f th
e
ener
gy u
sed
to
co
mp
lete
the
task
, and
ho
w t
he
ener
gy i
s
use
d b
y t
he
sim
ple
mac
hin
e.
Un
it F
ive:
Ea
rth
His
tory
Tim
elin
e: 6
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
1
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d 1
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
s a
nd
Ab
ilit
ies
of
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Be
able
to
: F
ram
e an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tio
ns
that
can
be
invest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
Su
bst
ran
d B
U
nd
erst
and
that
: A
val
id i
nves
tigati
on
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e q
ues
tio
n.
Be
able
to
: D
esig
n a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ions
wit
h
contr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t h
yp
oth
eses
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
U
nd
erst
and
that
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
Un
it C
on
cep
ts:
Ob
serv
atio
ns
of
pre
sen
t p
roce
sses
(wea
ther
ing,
ero
sio
n,
and
dep
osi
tio
n)
and
evid
ence
of
thes
e
pro
cess
es (
ex.,
gra
in s
ize
and
shap
e, l
and
form
s, l
ayer
ing).
Usi
ng p
rese
nt
ob
serv
atio
ns
and
evid
ence
to
make
infe
rence
s.
Chan
ge
over
tim
e o
f E
arth
’s c
rust
.
Pro
cess
es t
hat
shap
e th
e E
arth
.
The
Ear
th a
s in
tera
ctin
g s
yst
em
s.
Thes
e sy
stem
s co
nti
nual
ly i
nte
ract
at d
iffe
rent
rate
s o
f ti
me,
aff
ecti
ng
the
Ear
th l
oca
lly a
nd
glo
bal
ly.
Cycl
ing o
f ro
ck m
ater
ial.
Usi
ng a
mo
del
to
und
erst
and
even
ts
of
the
pas
t.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w a
re o
bse
rvat
ion
s an
d
infe
rence
s ess
enti
al i
n
und
erst
and
ing E
arth
’s h
isto
ry
tod
ay a
nd
in t
he
pas
t?
Ho
w c
an o
bse
rvat
ion
s o
f
sed
imenta
ry r
ock
s le
ad t
o
infe
rence
s ab
out
the
envir
on
ment
in w
hic
h t
he
sed
iments
wer
e d
epo
site
d?
Ho
w d
o t
hes
e o
bse
rvat
ions
lead
to i
nfe
rence
s o
n h
ow
pre
sent
pro
cess
es o
f w
eath
erin
g a
nd
ero
sio
n w
ill
affe
ct t
he
sed
imenta
ry r
ock
s?
Ho
w i
s E
arth
’s t
imel
ine
sim
ilar
and
dif
fere
nt
than
yo
ur
ow
n
per
sonal
tim
elin
e?
Can
ind
ex f
oss
ils
pro
vid
e a
com
ple
te p
ictu
re o
f E
arth
’s
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
stud
ent
lab
shee
ts
quic
k w
rite
s
ob
serv
atio
n o
f st
ud
ent
no
tes
stud
ent
self
ass
essm
ent
and
refl
ecti
on
s
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
End
of
unit
ass
essm
ent
Rub
rics
Per
form
ance
tas
k
H - 68
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op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
exp
erim
ent.
Be
able
to
: A
ccura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tec
hniq
ues
app
rop
riat
e to
the
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sho
win
g
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
fac
ilit
ate
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s w
ith a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stu
den
ts.
Su
bst
ran
d D
U
nd
erst
and
that
: T
her
e is
much e
xp
erim
enta
l
and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at s
up
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f
kno
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
info
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l ev
iden
ce a
rise
s th
at
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting e
xp
lanat
ion
s.
This
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Be
able
to
: F
orm
exp
lanati
on
s b
ased
on a
ccura
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
idence
. R
evis
e t
he
exp
lanat
ion u
sin
g
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
so
urc
es a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Su
bst
ran
d E
U
nd
erst
and
that
: E
val
uati
ng t
he
exp
lanat
ion
s
pro
po
sed
by o
ther
s in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g
evid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
beyo
nd
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
uggest
ing
alte
rnat
ive
exp
lanat
ion
s fo
r th
e sa
me
ob
serv
atio
ns.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e
dat
a su
ggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
inves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nued
invest
igat
ion c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
reso
luti
on o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to
: C
om
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s. U
se
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
co
mm
unic
ati
ng t
hes
e
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Su
bst
ran
d F
U
nd
erst
and
that
: S
cien
tifi
c hab
its
of
min
d
and
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dg
e an
d s
kil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o
Usi
ng p
atte
rns
to i
nfe
r ch
anges
over
geo
logic
tim
e.
Big
Id
eas:
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y i
nvo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly-o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
co
mm
un
icat
ing a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
The
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
techno
log
y
and
ad
van
cem
ent
in s
cience
infl
uence
and
dri
ve
each
oth
er
forw
ard
and
co
ntr
ibuti
on
s ar
e
esse
nti
al i
n b
uil
din
g s
cien
tifi
c
kno
wle
dge.
Ear
th’s
syst
em
s ca
n b
e b
roken
do
wn
into
ind
ivid
ual
co
mp
onen
ts w
hic
h
hav
e o
bse
rvab
le m
easu
rab
le
pro
per
ties
.
Ear
th’s
co
mp
onents
fo
rm s
yst
em
s.
his
tory
?
Are
the
conti
nen
ts i
n f
ixed
po
siti
ons?
Ho
w d
o y
ou k
no
w?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
M
akin
g o
bse
rvat
ions
Gen
erat
ing e
vid
ence
Co
mm
unic
ati
ng r
esult
s
Co
nd
uct
ing a
cri
tica
l re
vie
w
Co
mp
arin
g o
bse
rvat
ions
Co
nd
uct
ing t
ests
fo
r ca
lciu
m
carb
onat
e
Iden
tify
sand
sto
ne,
shal
e, a
nd
lim
est
one
Co
rrel
ate
rock
layer
s
ho
rizo
nta
lly a
cro
ss l
oca
tio
n
Exp
lain
ho
w d
iffe
renti
al
ero
sio
n c
han
ges
a la
nd
scap
e
Exp
lain
ho
w p
hysi
cal
and
chem
ical
wea
ther
ing a
ct o
n
rock
s to
fo
rm s
edim
ents
.
Iden
tify
the
sed
iments
that
form
sand
sto
ne,
shal
e, a
nd
lim
est
one.
H - 69
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y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
scie
nti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
enness
to
new
id
eas,
and
obje
ctiv
ity.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e
mat
hem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y.
Be
able
to
: U
se m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tech
no
log
y w
hen c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Str
an
d 2
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
Su
bst
ran
d A
A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy
of
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le. T
echno
log
y e
nhance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
S
cien
ce a
nd
tec
hno
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
al,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l,
soci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
Incre
ased
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e chan
ges
that
can
be
ben
efi
cial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h i
mp
act
on
hu
man h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
men
t.
Str
an
d 3
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t p
eop
le
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s. S
tud
yin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
5
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
Str
an
d 1
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
Mo
del
the
form
atio
n o
f
sand
sto
ne,
shale
, an
d
lim
est
one.
Cre
ate
a geo
logic
tim
elin
e o
f
Ear
th’s
his
tory
.
Use
ind
ex f
oss
ils
to c
orr
elat
e
rock
layer
s.
Iden
tify
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
the
theo
ry t
hat
the
conti
nents
wer
e o
nce
to
geth
er a
nd
hav
e
mo
ved
to
thei
r p
rese
nt
po
siti
ons.
Des
crib
e th
e ro
ck c
ycl
e.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
surf
ace
of
the
Ear
th i
s co
nst
antl
y
chan
gin
g t
hro
ug
h t
he
pro
cess
es o
f w
eath
erin
g,
ero
sio
n,
and
dep
osi
tio
n.
Cit
e th
ree
lines
of
evid
ence
such a
s th
e fi
t o
f co
astl
ines
, th
e
sim
ilar
ity o
f ro
ck t
yp
e an
d
conti
guo
usn
ess
of
bed
din
g
area
s, a
nd
sim
ilar
ity o
f
foss
iliz
ed r
em
ains
that
ind
icat
e
that
the
conti
nen
ts w
ere
once
a
larg
e la
nd
mas
s.
H - 70
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d C
T
he
form
atio
n o
f se
dim
ent
and
so
il r
equir
es a
long p
erio
d o
f ti
me
as r
ock
s ar
e w
eath
ered
, er
od
ed a
nd
dep
osi
ted
.
Str
an
d 2
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
Ea
rth
’s S
yst
em
s
Su
bst
ran
d D
C
on
stru
ctiv
e p
roce
sses
that
buil
d u
p t
he
land
and
the
des
tructi
ve
pro
cess
es
of
wea
ther
ing a
nd
ero
sio
n
shap
e an
d r
eshap
e th
e la
nd
surf
ace.
The
hei
ght
of
Ear
th
land
form
s is
a r
esult
of
the
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n t
he
rate
of
up
lift
and
the
rate
of
ero
sio
n a
t a
par
ticu
lar
loca
tio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d K
P
ast
geo
logic
al e
ven
ts a
nd
en
vir
on
ments
can
be
reco
nst
ruct
ed b
y i
nte
rpre
tin
g f
oss
iliz
ed r
em
ain
s an
d
succ
ess
ive
layer
ing o
f se
dim
enta
ry r
ock
s.
Su
bst
ran
d L
T
he
fit
of
conti
nen
tal
coas
tlin
es,
the
sim
ilar
ity o
f ro
ck t
yp
es a
nd
fo
ssil
ized
rem
ain
s p
rovid
e
evid
ence
that
to
day’s
co
nti
nen
ts w
ere
once
a s
ingle
land
mas
s. T
he
conti
nents
mo
ved
to
thei
r cu
rren
t p
osi
tio
ns
on
pla
tes
dri
ven
by e
ner
gy f
rom
Ear
th’s
inte
rio
r.
H - 71
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1
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 7
th G
rad
e
Tea
cher
: _
__
___
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Ou
r G
enes
Ou
r S
elv
es
Tim
elin
e :
6 w
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
in
vest
igat
ion
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a
larg
e b
od
y o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y
sup
po
rts
kno
wn i
nfo
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l
evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting
exp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e
scie
nti
fic
bo
dy o
f kno
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
com
par
ing e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, and
suggest
ing a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanati
ons
for
the
sam
e
ob
serv
atio
ns.
C
onfl
icti
ng d
ata o
r co
nfl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
suggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
in
ves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nu
ed i
nves
tigati
on c
an l
ead
to g
reat
er u
nd
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re
Big
Id
eas
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
sta
nd
tha
t…
Org
anis
ms
rep
rod
uce
, d
evel
op
,
hav
e p
red
icta
ble
lif
e cycl
es,
and
pas
s o
n h
erit
able
tra
its
to t
hei
r
off
spri
ng.
All
in
her
ited
tra
its
are
pas
sed
alo
ng b
y D
NA
Ther
e ar
e in
her
itab
le
trai
ts a
nd
tra
its
that
are
alte
red
by e
nvir
on
menta
l
fact
ors
.
Ase
xual
and
sex
ual
rep
rod
uct
ion i
s tw
o
succ
ess
ful
stra
teg
ies
in
rep
rod
uct
ion.
Punnett
sq
uar
es a
nd
ped
igre
es c
an b
e use
d t
o
pre
dic
t in
her
ited
tra
its
The
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
techno
log
y
has
all
ow
ed u
s to
ap
ply
our
kno
wle
dge
of
genet
ics,
rep
rod
uct
ion,
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
evo
luti
on t
o m
eet
hu
man n
eed
s
and
wants
.
Co
nce
pts
Ob
serv
ati
on
an
d
Ev
iden
ce (
inher
ited
trai
ts a
re i
ntr
od
uce
d a
nd
invest
igat
ed)
Pa
tter
ns
(Punnet
t
squar
es a
re u
sed
to
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
are
the
advanta
ges
and
dis
advan
tages
of
dif
fere
nt
rep
rod
uct
ive
stra
tegie
s?
W
hat
is
the
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n
sex
ual
and
ase
xual
rep
rod
uct
ion?
H
ow
are
in
her
ited
tra
its
pas
sed
do
wn f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o
gen
erat
ion?
W
hat
cau
ses
var
iati
on a
mo
ng
hu
mans?
What
are
exam
ple
s o
f
inher
ited
tra
its?
H
ow
do
es t
he
size
of
the
sam
ple
dat
a co
llec
ted
co
mp
are
to t
he
theo
reti
cal
pro
bab
ilit
y?
H
ow
do
es a
pro
bab
ilit
y o
f in
her
ited
trai
ts p
assi
ng f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o
gen
erat
ion d
iffe
r in
a s
imula
tio
n
ver
sus
the
theo
reti
cal
pro
bab
ilit
y?
H
ow
is
a P
unnett
sq
uar
e use
ful
in
pre
dic
ting p
atte
rns
of
inher
itance
?
H
ow
is
a p
edig
ree
use
ful
in
stud
yin
g t
rait
s?
W
hy i
s th
e w
ork
of
Gre
go
r M
end
el
imp
ort
ant
in t
he
fiel
d o
f gen
etic
s?
H
ow
are
chro
mo
som
es r
elat
ed t
o
inher
itan
ce o
f tr
aits
?
C
an t
he
envir
on
ment
aff
ect
inher
ited
tra
its?
Ho
w d
oes
the
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
man
ipula
tio
n o
f gen
etic
s, r
epro
duct
ion,
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
evo
luti
on a
ffec
t th
e
qual
ity o
f h
um
an l
ife?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
Journ
al e
ntr
ies
Ob
serv
atio
ns
No
te t
akin
g
KW
Ls
Co
nce
pt
Map
s
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Op
en e
nd
ed r
esp
onse
s
Tes
ts/q
uiz
zes
Lab
rep
ort
s
Mo
del
of
key i
dea
s
H - 72
001344
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
esse
nti
al t
o s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e
tole
rance
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
idea
s, a
nd
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls
incl
ud
e m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
T
echno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w
peo
ple
to
ob
serv
e o
bje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t b
e p
oss
ible
. T
echn
olo
gy e
nhance
s th
e
qual
ity,
accura
cy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
, p
oli
tica
l,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
In
crea
sed
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e ch
anges
that
can b
e
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
in
div
idual
s o
r so
ciet
y
thro
ugh i
mp
act
on h
um
an
hea
lth a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Str
an
d:
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
: S
ub
stra
nd
A:
Over
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
7:
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Co
nti
nu
ity
of
Liv
ing
Th
ing
s
Str
an
d:
Rep
rod
uct
ion
, H
ered
ity
an
d D
evel
op
men
t
Su
bst
ran
d A
: R
epro
duct
ion i
s a
char
acte
rist
ic o
f al
l
livin
g s
yst
em
s and
is
esse
nti
al
to t
he
conti
nuat
ion o
f
ever
y s
pec
ies.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
om
e o
rganis
ms
rep
rod
uce
ase
xual
ly
invo
lvin
g o
ne
par
ent.
A
sex
ual
rep
rod
uct
ion r
esu
lts
in
off
spri
ng t
hat
are
genet
ical
ly i
den
tica
l to
the
par
ent
org
anis
m (
clo
nes)
. T
his
pro
cess
is
advanta
geo
us
in
mai
nta
inin
g t
he
genet
ic m
ake-u
p o
f o
rgan
ism
s th
at a
re
succ
ess
ful
in a
sp
ecif
ic e
nvir
on
ment.
Stu
dents
sho
uld
be
able
to
:
Su
bst
ran
d C
: S
om
e o
rganis
ms
rep
rod
uce
sex
ual
ly
invo
lvin
g t
wo
par
ents
. S
exual
rep
rod
uct
ion r
esult
s in
off
spri
ng t
hat
hav
e gre
ater
gen
etic
div
ersi
ty t
han t
ho
se
pre
dic
t tr
aits
am
on
g
off
spri
ng:
ped
igre
es a
re
use
d t
o t
rack
pat
tern
s
acro
ss g
ener
atio
ns)
Mo
del
s (s
tud
ents
per
form
sim
ula
ted
DN
A
finger
pri
nti
ng t
o a
ssess
par
enta
ge;
stu
den
ts
des
ign c
ritt
er o
ffsp
rin
g
to m
od
el p
atte
rns
of
inher
itan
ce,
incl
ud
ing
do
min
ance
, re
cess
ive
and
in
her
itan
ce o
f se
x-
lin
ked
tra
its)
Rea
son
ing
an
d
exp
lan
ati
on
s (s
tud
ents
use
the
Mar
fan s
cenar
io
to m
ake
evid
ence
bas
ed
dec
isio
ns
regar
din
g t
he
ben
efit
s an
d t
rad
eoff
s o
f
gen
etic
tes
tin
g)
Str
uct
ure
an
d f
un
ctio
n
(stu
den
ts i
nvest
igat
e th
e
role
of
DN
A,
gen
es,
and
chro
mo
som
es
in
rep
rod
uct
ion)
W
hat
tra
de-
off
s exis
t in
kno
win
g
wh
ether
an i
nd
ivid
ual
car
ries
a
gen
etic
ab
no
rmal
ity? H
ow
are
gen
etic
dis
ease
s p
red
icte
d?
What
are
so
ciet
al a
nd
eth
ical
issu
es
invo
lved
in g
eneti
c te
stin
g a
nd
gen
etic
finger
pri
nti
ng?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
dents
wil
l:
Mak
e o
bse
rvat
ion
s.
Co
llec
t an
d o
rgan
ize
dat
a. (
Mak
e
and
anal
yze
a d
ata
tab
le i
nd
icat
ing c
lass
resu
lts
of
a o
bse
rved
tra
its.
)
Co
nst
ruct
a b
ar g
rap
h.
Co
nd
uct
an i
nvest
igat
ion a
nd
mak
e
pre
dic
tio
ns.
(G
row
Nic
oti
ana
pla
nts
.
Pre
dic
t an
d i
nves
tigat
e th
e in
her
ited
trai
ts.)
Giv
en v
arie
d s
cenar
ios,
cla
ssif
y
off
spri
ng a
s se
xuall
y o
r as
exu
ally
pro
duce
d a
nd
just
ify y
our
resp
onse
.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
sex
ual
and
asex
ual
rep
rod
uct
ion i
n t
erm
s o
f
var
iati
on a
nd
ad
apta
tio
n t
o a
sta
tic
or
chan
gin
g e
nvir
on
men
t.
Mak
e a
sim
ple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f
hu
man r
epro
duct
ive
cell
s, i
nd
icat
ing
the
sex c
ells
(sp
erm
and
eg
g)
wit
h
hal
f th
e chro
mo
som
al n
um
ber
(2
3)
as t
he
fert
iliz
ed e
gg (
46
).
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
dif
fere
nt
org
an
ism
s
may h
ave
dif
fere
nt
nu
mb
ers
of
chro
mo
som
es
and
that
the
nu
mb
er o
f
chro
mo
som
es
do
es n
ot
rela
te t
o t
he
com
ple
xit
y o
f th
e o
rgan
ism
.
Mak
e a
sim
ple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f
asex
ual
rep
rod
uct
ion a
s it
occ
urs
in
H - 73
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
resu
ltin
g f
rom
ase
xual
rep
rod
uct
ion.
One-h
alf
of
the
off
spri
ng’s
genet
ic i
nfo
rmat
ion c
om
es f
rom
the
“mal
e”
par
ent
and
one-
hal
f co
mes
fro
m t
he
“fem
ale”
par
ent.
Thes
e gen
etic
dif
fere
nce
s hel
p t
o e
nsu
re t
he
surv
ival
of
off
spri
ng i
n v
arie
d e
nv
iro
nm
ents
.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: In
sexual
rep
rod
uct
ion a
fter
the
egg i
s
fert
iliz
ed,
each
of
the
new
cell
s in
the
dev
elo
pin
g
org
anis
m r
ecei
ves
an e
xac
t co
py o
f th
e gen
eti
c
info
rmat
ion c
onta
ined
in t
he
nucl
eus
of
a fe
rtil
ized
eg
g.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: C
hro
mo
som
es a
re f
ound
in t
he
nucle
us
of
the
cell
and
co
nta
in g
enes
that
are
mad
e o
f D
NA
.
Inher
ited
tra
its
of
ind
ivid
ual
s ar
e co
ntr
oll
ed b
y g
enes
.
Su
bst
ran
d G
: C
hro
mo
som
es c
an b
e ar
ranged
in p
airs
(one-
hal
f o
f ea
ch p
air
fro
m e
ach
par
ent)
.
Thes
e p
airs
are
ap
pro
xim
atel
y t
he
sam
e si
ze a
nd
shap
e,
and
hav
e si
mil
ar s
equence
s o
f gen
es.
Hu
man
s have
23
pai
rs (
46
) o
f ch
rom
oso
mes.
O
ther
org
anis
ms
may h
ave
dif
fere
nt
nu
mb
ers
of
chro
mo
som
es.
Su
bst
ran
d H
: In
hu
mans,
gen
der
is
det
erm
ined
by a
pai
r o
f se
x c
hro
mo
som
es.
F
emal
es p
oss
ess
tw
o X
chro
mo
som
es;
mal
es a
n X
and
a Y
chro
mo
som
e.
The
sex o
f an e
mb
ryo
is
det
erm
ined
by t
he
sex c
hro
mo
som
e
fou
nd
in t
he
sper
m c
ell.
Su
bst
ran
d I
: A
lter
nati
ve
ver
sio
ns
of
gen
es
(dif
fere
nt
alle
les)
acc
oun
t fo
r var
iati
ons
in i
nher
ited
char
acte
rist
ics
(i.e
., f
low
er c
olo
r).
Pai
rs o
f ch
rom
oso
mes
that
have
the
sam
e al
lele
pre
sent
on b
oth
ch
rom
oso
mes
are
ho
mo
zygo
us.
P
airs
of
chro
mo
som
es w
ith d
iffe
rent
alle
les
are
het
ero
zygo
us.
Su
bst
ran
d J
: A
do
min
ant
trai
t w
ill
be
exp
ress
ed i
f th
e
org
anis
m i
s het
ero
zygo
us
or
ho
mo
zygo
us
for
the
trai
t.
A r
eces
sive
trai
t w
ill
only
be
exp
ress
ed i
f th
e o
rganis
m
is h
om
ozygo
us
for
the
trai
t.
Su
bst
ran
d K
:. M
end
elia
n g
enet
ics
can b
e u
sed
to
pre
dic
t gen
oty
pes
and
phen
oty
pes
of
off
spri
ng r
esu
ltin
g
fro
m s
ex
ual
rep
rod
uct
ion.
sex
ual
ly p
rod
uce
d o
rganis
ms
(i.e
.,
skin
cel
ls).
In
dic
ate
that
the
resu
ltin
g c
ells
co
nta
in a
n i
den
tica
l
cop
y o
f th
e genet
ic i
nfo
rmat
ion f
rom
the
par
ent
cell
.
Dis
cuss
the
advanta
ges
and
dis
advan
tages
to
clo
nin
g.
Des
crib
e th
e re
lati
on
ship
bet
wee
n
gen
es,
chro
mo
som
es,
and
DN
A i
n t
erm
s
of
loca
tio
n a
nd
siz
e.
Mo
del
ing t
he
pas
sin
g a
lon
g o
f a
sim
ple
tra
it f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o
gen
erat
ion.
Dis
cuss
tra
de-
off
s th
at e
xis
t w
hen
mo
del
ing t
he
pas
sing o
f genes
fo
rm o
ne
gen
erat
ion t
o t
he
nex
t.
Sim
ula
te p
atte
rns
of
inher
itan
ce
usi
ng a
co
in t
oss
.
Exp
lain
rat
ios
of
phen
oty
pes
in
off
spri
ng u
sin
g k
no
wle
dge
of
gen
etic
s.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
bo
dy o
f sc
ien
tifi
c
info
rmat
ion i
n g
enet
ics
chan
ges
over
tim
e as
cri
tica
l re
vie
w o
f re
sult
s is
invest
igat
ed a
nd
new
ques
tio
ns
and
tech
no
logie
s em
erge.
Use
a s
ingle
tra
it P
un
net
t sq
uare
to
pre
dic
t th
e o
utc
om
e o
f a
genet
ic
cro
ss w
hen t
he
par
ents
’ geno
typ
es
are
kno
wn.
Ind
icat
e w
hic
h
ind
ivid
ual
s w
ill
exp
ress
a d
om
inan
t
or
rece
ssiv
e tr
ait.
Just
ify t
he
ind
icat
ion b
y r
elat
ing t
hat
do
min
ant
alle
les
app
eari
ng h
eter
ozygo
us
or
ho
mo
zygo
us
are
exp
ress
ed o
r th
at
two
rec
essi
ve
alle
les
(ho
mo
zy
go
us)
are
req
uir
ed f
or
an o
ffsp
rin
g t
o
exp
ress
a r
eces
sive
trai
t.
Use
a p
edig
ree
to d
eter
min
e th
e
pat
tern
of
inher
itance
of
do
min
ant
and
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
rece
ssiv
e al
lele
s o
ver
sever
al g
ener
atio
ns.
Dis
cuss
the
pro
s an
d c
ons
of
gen
etic
test
ing.
Use
genet
ic i
nfo
rmat
ion t
o m
atc
h
par
ents
to
off
spri
ng.
Res
earc
h a
nd
rep
ort
on s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g.
Sel
ect
an o
rganis
m (
i.e.
, ra
ce
ho
rses
, p
edig
ree
do
gs)
and
tra
ce i
ts
his
tory
of
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
th
e tr
aits
of
the
anim
al (
or
pla
nt)
that
wer
e e
nhance
d
by s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g.
Un
it T
wo
: P
rop
erti
es o
f M
att
er
Tim
elin
e: 7
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
in
vest
igat
ion
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a
larg
e b
od
y o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y
sup
po
rts
kno
wn i
nfo
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l
evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting
exp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e
scie
nti
fic
bo
dy o
f kno
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
com
par
ing e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
Big
Id
eas:
Sci
enti
fic
inq
uir
y
invo
lves
ask
ing
scie
nti
fica
lly-o
rien
ted
ques
tio
ns,
co
llec
tin
g
evid
ence
, fo
rmin
g
exp
lanat
ions,
co
nnec
tin
g
exp
lanat
ions
to s
cienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
theo
ry,
and
co
mm
unic
atin
g a
nd
just
ifyin
g t
he
exp
lanat
ion.
The
stru
cture
s o
f
mat
eria
ls d
eter
min
e th
eir
pro
per
ties
. T
he
pro
per
ties
of
the
mix
ture
are
bas
ed o
n t
he
pro
per
ties
of
its
com
po
nents
.
When
mat
eria
ls i
nte
ract
wit
hin
a c
lose
d s
yst
em
,
the
tota
l m
ass
of
the
syst
em
rem
ains
the
sam
e.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
makes
a q
uest
ion s
cien
tifi
c?
What
co
nst
itute
s ev
idence
? W
hen
do
yo
u k
no
w y
ou h
ave
eno
ugh
evid
ence
?
Wh
y i
s it
nec
essa
ry t
o j
ust
ify a
nd
com
mu
nic
ate
an e
xp
lanati
on?
Ho
w h
ave
pas
t sc
ien
tifi
c
contr
ibuti
on
s in
fluence
d c
urr
ent
scie
nti
fic
und
erst
and
ing o
f th
e
wo
rld
?
Ho
w d
o t
he
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eri
als
det
erm
ine
thei
r u
se?
Ho
w c
an t
he
pro
per
ties
of
the
com
po
nents
of
a m
ixtu
re b
e u
sed
to
sep
arat
e th
e m
ixtu
re? H
ow
do
the
com
po
nents
det
erm
ine
the
pro
per
ties
of
mix
ture
s?
Ho
w d
oes
co
nse
rvat
ion o
f m
ass
app
ly t
o t
he
inte
ract
ion o
f m
ater
ials
in a
clo
sed
syst
em
?
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
Pre
-Tes
ts
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
Par
tici
pat
ion i
n L
ab w
ork
No
te T
akin
g
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tes
t/ Q
uiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, and
suggest
ing a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanati
ons
for
the
sam
e
ob
serv
atio
ns.
C
onfl
icti
ng d
ata o
r co
nfl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
suggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
in
ves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nu
ed i
nves
tigati
on c
an l
ead
to g
reat
er u
nd
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re
esse
nti
al t
o s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e
tole
rance
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
idea
s, a
nd
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls
incl
ud
e m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
T
echno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w
peo
ple
to
ob
serv
e o
bje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t b
e p
oss
ible
. T
echn
olo
gy e
nhance
s th
e
qual
ity,
accura
cy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
, p
oli
tica
l,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
In
crea
sed
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e ch
anges
that
can b
e
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
in
div
idual
s o
r so
ciet
y
thro
ugh i
mp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Str
an
d :
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
: O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
2:
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d:
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
re o
f M
ate
ria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
ll m
att
er c
onsi
sts
of
par
ticl
es
too
sm
all
to b
e se
en w
ith t
he
naked
eye.
T
he a
rran
gem
ent,
mo
tio
n,
and
inte
ract
ion o
f th
ese
par
ticl
es d
eter
min
e th
e
thre
e st
ates
of
matt
er (
soli
d,
liq
uid
, an
d g
as).
Par
ticl
es i
n
all
thre
e st
ates
are
in c
on
stan
t m
oti
on.
In t
he
soli
d s
tate
,
Co
nce
pts
Inte
ract
ions
The
thre
e p
has
es o
f m
atte
r (s
oli
d,
liq
uid
, gas
) ar
e d
eter
min
ed b
y
the
arra
ngem
ent,
mo
tio
n a
nd
inte
ract
ion o
f m
ole
cule
s
Mo
del
s
The
par
ticl
e m
od
el o
f m
atte
r is
a
conce
ptu
al t
oo
l use
ful
in
und
erst
and
ing t
he
pro
per
ties
and
beh
avio
r o
f m
atte
r th
at i
s
of
too
sm
all
a sc
ale
to o
bse
rve
dir
ectl
y
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
T
he
ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
mea
sure
ment
of
char
acte
rist
ic
pro
per
ties
, su
ch a
s d
ensi
ty,
bo
ilin
g a
nd
mel
tin
g p
oin
ts,
an
d
solu
bil
ity,
of
pure
sub
stance
s ar
e
use
ful
in d
isti
ng
uis
hin
g a
nd
sep
arat
ing o
ne
sub
stan
ce f
rom
ano
ther
.
Chan
ges
An i
ncr
ease
or
dec
reas
e in
energ
y
alte
rs t
he
beh
avio
r o
f th
e p
arti
cles
and
th
us
the
mate
rial
.
Co
nst
ancy
The
law
of
con
serv
atio
n o
f m
att
er
app
lies
to
ph
ysi
cal
chan
ges.
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls
The
pro
per
ties
of
mat
ter
det
erm
ine
the
reas
onab
le u
se o
f
mat
eria
ls.
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
dents
wil
l:
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ions
wit
h c
ontr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t
hyp
oth
eses
.
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tech
niq
ues
ap
pro
pri
ate
to t
he
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d
gra
phs,
sho
win
g r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y
and
fac
ilit
ate
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata.
Co
mp
are
and
ques
tio
n r
esult
s w
ith
and
fro
m o
ther
stu
dents
.
Fo
rm e
xp
lanat
ion
s b
ased
on a
ccura
te
and
lo
gic
al a
naly
sis
of
evid
en
ce.
Co
mm
unic
ate
sci
enti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s,
dat
a, a
nd
exp
lan
atio
ns
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s.
Anal
yze
res
ult
s and
dis
cuss
natu
re
and
so
urc
e o
f ex
per
imen
tal
erro
r.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
all
mat
ter
consi
sts
of
par
ticl
es a
nd
ho
w t
he
par
ticl
es
are
arra
nged
det
erm
ines
the
ph
ysi
cal
stat
e.
Use
the
par
ticl
e m
od
el t
o
des
crib
e so
lid
s, l
iquid
s, a
nd
gase
s in
term
s o
f th
e p
ackin
g a
nd
mo
tio
n o
f
par
ticl
es.
Mea
sure
and
rec
ord
the
tem
pera
ture
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nd
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lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
tig
htl
y p
acked
par
ticl
es h
ave
a l
imit
ed r
ange
of
mo
tio
n.
In t
he
liq
uid
sta
te,
par
ticl
es a
re l
oo
sely
pac
ked
and
mo
ve
pas
t ea
ch o
ther
.
In t
he
gas
eous
stat
e, p
arti
cles
are
fre
e
to m
ove.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: A
phas
e change m
ay o
ccur
wh
en a
mat
eria
l ab
sorb
s o
r re
leas
es h
eat
ener
gy.
Chan
ges
in
phas
e d
o n
ot
chan
ge
the
par
ticl
es b
ut
do
chan
ge
ho
w
they a
re a
rran
ged
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
:So
me
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
, su
ch a
s m
ass
and
vo
lum
e, d
epen
d u
po
n t
he
am
ou
nt
of
mat
eria
l.
Oth
er
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
, su
ch a
s d
ensi
ty a
nd
mel
tin
g p
oin
t,
are
ind
epen
den
t o
f th
e q
uanti
ty o
f m
ater
ial.
D
ensi
ty a
nd
mel
tin
g p
oin
t ar
e u
niq
ue
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
fo
r a
mat
eria
l.
To
ols
such
as
mic
rosc
op
es,
scal
es,
bea
ker
s,
gra
duat
ed c
yli
nd
ers,
Cel
sius
ther
mo
met
ers,
and
met
ric
rule
rs a
re u
sed
to
mea
sure
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: E
xp
osu
re t
o e
ner
gy,
such a
s li
ght
and
hea
t, m
ay c
han
ge
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls.
Str
an
d:
Mix
ture
s a
nd
So
luti
on
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
: M
ixtu
res
can b
e ho
mo
geneo
us
or
het
ero
geneo
us.
M
ixtu
res
may
be
soli
ds,
liq
uid
s,
and
/or
gas
es.
Mo
st m
ater
ials
are
ph
ysi
cal
mix
ture
s
consi
stin
g o
f d
iffe
rent
com
po
nen
ts i
n v
aryin
g
conce
ntr
atio
ns.
T
he
ind
ivid
ual
com
po
nents
can
be
sep
arat
ed u
sin
g t
he
com
po
nen
ts’
uniq
ue
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
olu
tio
ns
are
ho
mo
gen
ous
mix
ture
s o
f
two
or
mo
re c
om
po
nen
ts.
The
pro
per
ties
of
a so
luti
on
dep
end
on t
he
nat
ure
and
co
ncen
trat
ion o
f th
e so
lute
(s)
and
the
natu
re o
f th
e so
lven
t(s)
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: T
he
rate
of
solu
bil
ity i
s in
fluence
d b
y
tem
per
ature
and
the
surf
ace
area
of
the
solu
te.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: T
emp
erat
ure
of
the
solv
ent
can a
ffec
t th
e
satu
rati
on p
oin
t o
f th
e so
luti
on
.
Str
an
d:
Co
nse
rv
ati
on
of
Matt
er
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
tota
l m
ass
of
the
mix
ture
is
equal
to
the
sum
of
the
mass
es o
f th
e co
mp
onen
ts.
To
tal
mas
s is
conse
rved
wh
en d
iffe
rent
sub
stan
ces
are
mix
ed.
o
f ic
e w
ate
r as
it
is h
eate
d.
Plo
t th
e
gra
ph o
f m
easu
rem
ents
tak
en a
nd
inte
rpre
t th
e ch
an
ge
of
phase
gra
ph
usi
ng t
he
par
ticl
e m
od
el,
iden
tify
wh
ere
wat
er i
s a
soli
d,
liq
uid
or
gas
,
is f
reez
ing
/melt
ing o
r
evap
ora
ting
/co
nd
ensi
ng.
Rel
ate
the
stat
es o
f m
atte
r to
the
changes
(incr
ease
, d
ecre
ase)
of
ener
gy i
n t
he
syst
em
.
Des
ign a
n i
nq
uir
y t
o t
est
pre
dic
tio
ns
abo
ut
what
hap
pen
s to
the
mass
of
wat
er w
hen
it
free
zes
and
dis
cuss
the
resu
lts.
Beg
in t
o d
isti
ng
uis
h b
etw
een a
“pure
” su
bst
ance
and
a m
ixtu
re.
Dis
cuss
that
wh
en a
so
luti
on i
s
mad
e, t
he
solu
te a
nd
so
lven
t
par
ticl
es i
nte
rmin
gle
and
that
mas
s is
conse
rved
.
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
an e
xp
erim
ent
to a
pp
roxim
atel
y m
easu
re s
olu
bil
ity
of
two
dif
fere
nt
sub
stance
s.
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
an e
xp
erim
ent
to d
eter
min
e ho
w s
olu
bil
ity i
s
affe
cte
d b
y c
hanges
in t
em
per
ature
.
Des
crib
e so
lub
ilit
y a
nd
sat
ura
tio
n
po
int
usi
ng t
he
par
ticl
e m
od
el.
Use
ter
ms
such
as
dis
solv
e, s
olu
ble
,
inso
lub
le,
solu
tio
n,
solv
ent,
an
d
solu
te t
o d
escr
ibe
the
pro
cess
of
dis
solv
ing.
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d:
Ma
teria
ls T
ech
no
log
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: S
ynth
etic
mat
eri
als
and
/or
mo
dif
ied
nat
ura
l m
ater
ials
are
pro
duce
d t
o m
ake
pro
duct
s u
sed
in
ever
yd
ay l
ife.
Det
erm
ine
wheth
er a
sub
stance
is
solu
ble
or
inso
lub
le.
Dis
cuss
ho
w s
olu
bil
ity c
an b
e use
d
to h
elp
id
enti
fy s
ub
stance
s.
Det
erm
ine
the
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een
par
ticl
e si
ze a
nd
tem
per
ature
of
the
solv
ent
to t
he
rate
of
solu
bil
ity
.
Use
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
to
dis
tin
guis
h a
nd
sep
arat
e o
ne
sub
stance
or
mat
eria
l fr
om
an
oth
er.
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
an i
nq
uir
y t
o
ob
tain
a c
lean
sam
ple
of
salt
fro
m
crush
ed r
ock
sal
t.
Ob
serv
e th
e eff
ect
of
conce
ntr
atio
n
on p
rop
erti
es o
f so
luti
on (
colo
r,
den
sity
, b
oil
ing p
oin
t, m
elti
ng
po
int)
.
Ap
ply
chro
mat
ogra
ph
y t
o p
erfo
rm a
com
par
ativ
e an
alysi
s o
f so
luti
ons.
Cal
cula
te t
he
den
sity
of
var
iou
s so
lid
mat
eria
ls.
Use
den
sity
to
pre
dic
t
wh
ether
an o
bje
ct w
ill
sin
k o
r fl
oat
in w
ater
. G
iven t
he
den
sity
of
var
ious
soli
ds
and
liq
uid
s, c
reat
e a
den
sity
co
lum
n a
nd
exp
lain
th
e
arra
ngem
ent
in t
erm
s o
f d
ensi
ty.
Sel
ect
a m
anu
fact
ure
d i
tem
an
d
iden
tify
its
co
mp
onent
mat
eria
ls.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
the
mat
eria
ls c
ontr
ibute
to
the
funct
ion o
f th
e it
em
.
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nd
ard
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lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it T
hre
e:
Del
aw
are
Wa
ters
hed
s
Tim
elin
e: 8
wee
ks
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cien
tifi
c
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
inves
tigat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
est
able
ques
tio
ns.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tio
ns
sug
gest
dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ion
s.
The
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
in
vest
igat
ion
contr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
stra
tegie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
op
ed t
o a
nsw
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g p
reci
se
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te r
eco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a
larg
e b
od
y o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y
sup
po
rts
kno
wn i
nfo
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l
evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es n
ot
mat
ch e
xis
ting
exp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e
scie
nti
fic
bo
dy o
f kno
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
com
par
ing e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, and
suggest
ing a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanati
ons
for
the
sam
e
ob
serv
atio
ns.
C
onfl
icti
ng d
ata o
r co
nfl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
suggest
the
nee
d f
or
furt
her
in
ves
tigati
on.
Co
nti
nu
ed i
nves
tigati
on c
an l
ead
Big
Id
eas:
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
sta
nd
th
at…
Po
tab
le w
ater
is
a li
mit
ed
reso
urc
e
Hu
man
s u
se a
nd
ab
use
wat
er r
eso
urc
es
reg
ula
rly
Wat
er c
onse
rvat
ion
pra
ctic
es c
an h
elp
en
sure
a so
urc
e o
f p
ota
ble
wat
er
for
the
futu
re
Wat
er i
s re
cycl
ed
thro
ugh E
arth
’s s
yst
em
as e
ner
gy f
rom
the
sun
dri
ves
phas
e chan
ges
that
all
ow
wat
er t
o t
ravel
fro
m o
ne
rese
rvo
ir t
o
ano
ther
The
poro
sity
of
an E
arth
mat
eria
l ca
n a
ffec
t w
ater
flo
w t
hro
ug
h t
hat
mat
eria
l…la
rger
po
re
spac
es a
llo
w f
ast
er w
ate
r
flo
w.
Wat
er a
lways
flo
ws
do
wn
hil
l and
pic
ks
up
and
/or
dis
solv
es
mat
eria
ls a
s it
go
es.
The
bo
und
arie
s o
f a
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
1.
Ho
w d
o h
um
ans
use
wat
er?
2.
Wher
e is
wate
r fo
und
on t
he
Ear
th?
3.
What
is
the
role
of
wat
er i
n t
he
Ear
th S
yst
em
?
4.
Ho
w i
s a
safe
and
use
able
wat
er
sup
ply
ensu
red
fo
r hu
man
po
pula
tio
ns?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
ab
le t
o:
Fra
me
and
ref
ine
quest
ion
s th
at
can b
e in
vest
igat
ed s
cienti
fica
lly,
and
gen
erat
e te
stab
le h
yp
oth
ese
s.
Des
ign a
nd
co
nd
uct
invest
igat
ions
wit
h c
ontr
oll
ed
var
iab
les
to t
est
hyp
oth
ese
s.
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
thro
ug
h
the
sele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
too
ls a
nd
tech
niq
ues
ap
pro
pri
ate
to t
he
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Ob
serv
atio
ns
KW
Ls
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
Pre
-Tes
ts
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tes
ts a
nd
Quiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Mo
del
of
key I
dea
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
H - 79
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201
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y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
to g
reat
er u
nd
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es o
f k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re
esse
nti
al t
o s
cienti
fic
inq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e
tole
rance
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
idea
s, a
nd
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er k
no
wle
dge
and
skil
ls
incl
ud
e m
athem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an e
xp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
T
echno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w
peo
ple
to
ob
serv
e o
bje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t b
e p
oss
ible
. T
echn
olo
gy e
nhance
s th
e
qual
ity,
accura
cy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety a
re
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
eco
no
mic
, p
oli
tica
l,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
en
vir
on
men
tal.
In
crea
sed
sci
enti
fic
kno
wle
dge
and
tec
hno
log
y c
reat
e ch
anges
that
can b
e
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
in
div
idual
s o
r so
ciet
y
thro
ugh i
mp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Str
an
d :
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
Su
bst
ran
d A
: O
ver
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
ren
t
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g s
om
e o
f th
ese
contr
ibuti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e ab
out
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
exp
ansi
on o
f sc
ien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
2:
Ma
teria
ls a
nd
Th
eir
Pro
per
ties
Str
an
d:
Pro
per
ties
an
d S
tru
ctu
res
of
Ma
teria
ls
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
ll m
att
er c
onsi
sts
of
par
ticl
es
too
sm
all
to b
e se
en w
ith t
he
naked
eye.
T
he
arra
ngem
ent,
mo
tio
n,
and
inte
ract
ion o
f th
ese
par
ticl
es d
eter
min
e th
e
thre
e st
ates
of
matt
er (
soli
d,
liq
uid
, an
d g
as).
Par
ticl
es i
n
all
thre
e st
ates
are
in c
on
stan
t m
oti
on.
In t
he
soli
d s
tate
,
tig
htl
y p
acked
par
ticl
es h
ave
a l
imit
ed r
ange
of
mo
tio
n.
In t
he
liq
uid
sta
te,
par
ticl
es a
re l
oo
sely
pac
ked
and
mo
ve
pas
t ea
ch o
ther
.
In t
he
gas
eous
stat
e, p
arti
cles
are
fre
e
to m
ove.
Sta
nd
: M
ixtu
res
an
d S
olu
tio
ns
wat
ersh
ed c
an b
e
iden
tifi
ed b
y f
ind
ing t
he
hig
hest
po
ints
aro
und
a
giv
en b
od
y o
f w
ater
Land
use
aff
ects
wat
er
qual
ity b
ecause
wat
er t
he
flo
ws
over
the
land
and
into
a g
iven
bo
dy o
f
wat
er w
ill
pic
k u
p a
nd
/or
dis
solv
e m
ater
ials
left
beh
ind
by h
um
an
acti
vit
y
Wat
er c
hem
istr
y c
an b
e
test
ed t
o e
val
uate
the
over
all
hea
lth o
f a
giv
en
wat
ersh
ed
Rip
aria
n b
uff
ers
and
wet
land
s ar
e
use
ful
lines
of
def
en
se a
round
bo
die
s o
f w
ater
.
Co
nce
pts
:
Ob
serv
atio
n a
nd
Evid
ence
(to
id
enti
fy
var
iab
les
that
affe
ct a
giv
en w
ater
shed
)
Rea
sonin
g a
nd
Exp
lanat
ion (
of
ob
serv
atio
ns
to s
up
po
rt
pre
dic
tio
ns
abo
ut
wat
ersh
ed h
ealt
h)
Invest
igati
on (
var
iab
les
that
aff
ect
wate
rshed
s)
Pro
cess
Skil
ls (
in
sele
ctin
g t
oo
ls a
nd
pro
cess
es t
hat
can b
e
use
d t
o c
oll
ect
wate
r
qual
ity d
ata)
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls
(par
ticl
e m
od
el,
solu
tio
ns,
mix
ture
s)
invest
igat
ion
Co
nst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d
gra
phs,
sho
win
g r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
fac
ilit
ate
anal
ysi
s o
f
dat
a.
Co
mp
are
and
quest
ion
resu
lts
wit
h a
nd
fro
m o
ther
stud
ents
.
Fo
rm e
xp
lanat
ion
s b
ased
on
accu
rate
and
lo
gic
al a
nal
ysi
s o
f
evid
ence
. R
evis
e th
e
exp
lanat
ion u
sing a
lter
nat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tio
ns,
mo
del
s
and
kno
wle
dge
fro
m o
ther
sourc
es a
s w
ell
as r
esu
lts
of
furt
her
in
ves
tigati
on.
Co
mm
unic
ate
sci
enti
fic
pro
ced
ure
s, d
ata,
and
exp
lanat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
rep
lica
tio
n o
f re
sult
s.
Use
com
pute
r te
chno
log
y t
o a
ssis
t in
com
mu
nic
atin
g t
hese
res
ult
s.
Cri
tica
l re
vie
w i
s im
po
rtant
in
the
anal
ysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
ead
ing,
wri
tin
g,
and
tec
hno
log
y w
hen
cond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Cre
ate
mo
del
s th
at s
imu
late
th
e
am
ou
nt
of
salt
, fr
oze
n,
fres
h,
and
po
tab
le w
ater
avai
lab
le o
n
Ear
th’s
surf
ace.
Co
mp
are
tota
l
wat
er s
up
ply
on E
arth
to
the
am
ou
nt
of
po
tab
le w
ate
r
avai
lab
le f
or
hu
man
use
.
Cal
cula
te t
he
rati
o/p
erce
nt
of
wat
er g
ener
ally
fo
und
in s
oli
d,
liq
uid
and
gase
ous
form
on o
r
H - 80
001352
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C
op
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
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Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
: M
ixtu
res
can b
e ho
mo
geneo
us
or
het
ero
geneo
us.
M
ixtu
res
may
be
soli
ds,
liq
uid
s, a
nd
/or
gas
es.
M
ost
mat
eria
ls a
re p
hysi
cal
mix
ture
s co
nsi
stin
g
of
dif
fere
nt
com
po
nents
in v
aryin
g c
once
ntr
atio
ns.
T
he
ind
ivid
ual
co
mp
onents
can
be
sep
arat
ed u
sin
g t
he
com
po
nents
’ u
niq
ue
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
olu
tio
ns
are
ho
mo
gen
ous
mix
ture
s o
f
two
or
mo
re c
om
po
nen
ts.
The
pro
per
ties
of
a so
luti
on
dep
end
on t
he
nat
ure
and
co
ncen
trat
ion o
f th
e so
lute
(s)
and
the
natu
re o
f th
e so
lven
t(s)
.
Sta
nd
ard
5:
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
Str
an
d:
Co
mp
on
ents
of
the
Ea
rth
S
ub
stra
nd
A:
Wat
er e
xis
ts o
n t
he
Ear
th i
n r
eser
vo
irs
(on o
r w
ith
in t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
and
atm
osp
her
e).
The
tota
l am
ou
nt
of
wat
er i
n t
hese
res
ervo
irs
do
es n
ot
chan
ge,
ho
wever
, th
e ra
tio
of
wat
er i
n s
oli
d,
liq
uid
, o
r
gas
eou
s fo
rm v
arie
s o
ver
tim
e a
nd
lo
cati
on.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
he
mo
vem
ent
of
wate
r am
on
g t
he
geo
spher
e, h
yd
rosp
her
e an
d a
tmo
spher
e aff
ects
such
thin
gs
as w
eath
er s
yst
em
s, o
cean
curr
ents
, an
d g
lob
al
clim
ate.
Str
an
d:
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
Ea
rth
’s S
yst
em
s
Su
bst
ran
d A
: W
ater
cycl
es
fro
m o
ne
rese
rvo
ir t
o
ano
ther
thro
ug
h t
he
pro
cess
es o
f ev
apo
rati
on,
tran
spir
atio
n,
cond
ensa
tio
n a
nd
pre
cip
itat
ion.
Ener
gy
tran
sfer
s an
d/o
r tr
ansf
orm
ati
ons
are
asso
ciat
ed w
ith e
ach
of
these
pro
cess
es.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
ater
wit
hin
a w
ater
shed
tra
vel
s o
ver
and
thro
ugh t
he
land
at
var
ious
spee
ds
bas
ed o
n t
he
rate
of
chan
ge
in e
levat
ion a
nd
the
per
mea
bil
ity a
nd
po
rosi
ty o
f
the
soil
. W
ater
car
ries
wit
h i
t p
rod
uct
s o
f hu
man
acti
vit
y.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: S
urf
ace
wat
er a
lways
flo
ws
do
wn
hil
l.
Are
as o
f hig
her
ele
vat
ion s
epara
te w
ater
shed
s.
In
Del
aw
are,
this
wat
er e
ven
tual
ly r
each
es t
he
Del
aw
are
Riv
er,
the
Del
aw
are
Bay,
the
Atl
anti
c O
cean o
r th
e
Chesa
pea
ke
Bay.
Str
an
d:
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d B
:Wat
er f
rom
so
me
nat
ura
l so
urc
es i
s u
nfi
t
to d
rink a
nd
req
uir
es t
he
use
of
spec
iali
zed
tec
hno
log
y t
o
Co
mp
aris
on o
f d
ata
and
ob
serv
atio
ns
to s
up
po
rt
pre
dic
tio
ns
on a
lar
ge
scal
e (n
ot
just
ind
ivid
ual
resu
lts)
Dat
a O
rgan
izat
ion t
o
vis
ual
ly
rep
rese
nt/
pre
sent
resu
lts
(dat
a ta
ble
s, g
rap
hin
g,
pro
ject
rep
ort
s)
wit
hin
the
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
and
use
this
rat
io t
o c
om
par
e th
e
am
ou
nts
of
wat
er s
tore
d i
n
dif
fere
nt
stat
es
Use
dia
gra
ms
of
the
hyd
rolo
gic
cycl
e to
sho
w a
nd
des
crib
e th
e
circ
ula
tio
n o
f w
ater
thro
ug
h t
he
Ear
th’s
cru
st,
oce
ans,
and
atm
osp
her
e.
Use
the
par
ticl
e m
od
el t
o
des
crib
e so
lid
s, l
iquid
s, a
nd
gas
es
in t
erm
s o
f th
e p
ackin
g,
mo
tio
n o
f p
arti
cles,
and
ener
gy
gai
n o
r lo
ss.
Ap
ply
this
to
the
pro
cess
es o
f ev
apo
rati
on,
cond
ensa
tio
n,
and
pre
cip
itat
ion
in t
he
wate
r cycl
e. E
xp
lain
ho
w
hea
t en
erg
y d
rives
the
wat
er
cycl
e.
Use
mo
del
s o
r d
iagra
ms
to
exp
lain
ho
w w
ater
sto
red
und
ergro
und
(gro
und
wat
er a
nd
aquif
ers)
and
wat
er s
tore
d a
bove
gro
und
(la
kes
, ri
ver
s, a
ir,
etc.
)
inte
ract
to
fo
rm a
co
nti
nuo
us
cycl
e.
Invest
igate
, th
rou
gh t
he
use
of
mo
del
s, h
ow
wat
er a
cts
as
a
solv
ent
and
as
it p
asse
s th
rou
gh
the
wat
er c
ycl
e it
dis
solv
es
min
eral
s, g
ase
s, a
nd
po
lluta
nts
and
car
ries
them
to
surf
ace
wate
r
and
gro
und
wat
er s
up
pli
es.
Co
nd
uct
in
ves
tigat
ions
and
use
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e th
e ex
tent
to
H - 81
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
anal
yze
and
puri
fy i
t.
Sta
nd
ard
6:
Lif
e P
roce
sses
Str
an
d:
Ma
tter
an
d E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
Su
bst
ran
d B
: P
lants
use
the
ener
gy f
rom
sunli
ght,
carb
on d
ioxid
e, a
nd
wat
er t
o p
rod
uce
sugar
s
(pho
tosy
nth
esi
s).
Pla
nts
can u
se t
he
foo
d (
sugar
)
imm
edia
tely
or
sto
re i
t fo
r la
ter
use
.
Sta
nd
ard
8:
Eco
log
y
Str
an
d:
Hu
ma
n I
mp
act
Su
bst
ran
d A
: H
um
ans
can a
lter
the
bio
tic
and
ab
ioti
c
fact
ors
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
th
ereb
y c
reat
ing c
han
ges
to
the
over
all
syst
em
.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: In
div
idual
s and
po
licy
maker
s m
ake
dec
isio
ns
regar
din
g t
he
use
of
reso
urc
es b
ased
on
esti
mat
ed p
erso
nal
and
so
ciet
al
ben
efit
s an
d r
isks.
Imp
acts
on e
nvir
on
menta
l sy
stem
s re
sult
fro
m t
hes
e
dec
isio
ns.
wh
ich t
he
per
mea
bil
ity a
nd
po
rosi
ty o
f a
soil
sam
ple
aff
ect
the
rate
of
wat
er p
erco
lati
on.
Des
crib
e th
e ro
le o
f w
etl
and
s
and
str
eam
sid
e fo
rest
s (r
ipar
ian)
in f
ilte
rin
g w
ater
as
it r
un
s o
ff
into
lo
cal
stre
am
s, r
iver
s, a
nd
bay
s o
r se
eps
into
gro
und
wat
er
Use
to
po
gra
phic
map
s to
lo
cate
Del
aw
are
wat
ersh
eds
and
to
iden
tify
the
bo
die
s o
f w
ater
in
to
wh
ich t
hey d
rain
. A
nal
yze
and
des
crib
e th
e re
lati
onsh
ip
bet
wee
n e
levat
ion o
f la
nd
and
the
flo
w r
ate
of
wate
r in
a
wat
ersh
ed.
Co
nd
uct
test
s in
clud
ing
tem
per
ature
, p
H,
sali
nit
y,
dis
solv
ed o
xygen,
turb
idit
y,
nit
rate
, an
d p
ho
sphate
to
det
erm
ine
the
po
tab
ilit
y o
f lo
cal
wat
er s
am
ple
s.
Iden
tify
mac
ro-i
nver
teb
rate
s in
a
loca
l st
ream
and
ap
ply
this
iden
tifi
cati
on i
n d
eter
min
ing t
he
stre
am
’s e
colo
gic
al
hea
lth.
Exp
lain
the
imp
act
of
hu
man
acti
vit
ies
(e.g
., b
uil
din
g r
oad
s,
fert
iliz
ing g
olf
co
urs
es,
etc.
) o
n
the
qual
ity o
f D
ela
war
e’s
wat
ers
.
Res
earc
h a
nd
rep
ort
on t
he
pro
cess
es u
sed
by m
unic
ipal
itie
s
to e
nsu
re w
ater
taken
fro
m l
ocal
rese
rvo
irs
is s
afe
to
ret
urn
to
the
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nd
ard
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lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
envir
on
ment.
Invest
igate
and
rep
ort
on
legis
lati
on s
uch a
s th
e C
lean
Wat
er A
ct a
nd
its
im
pac
t o
n t
he
qual
ity o
f D
elaw
are
wat
er
Lis
t w
ays
in w
hic
h h
um
an
inte
rventi
on c
an h
elp
mai
nta
in
an a
deq
uat
e su
pp
ly o
f fr
esh
wat
er f
or
hu
man c
onsu
mp
tio
n.
Ap
ply
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls
lear
ned
ab
out
wat
er a
s a
reso
urc
e
to s
tud
y l
oca
l so
urc
es o
f
dri
nkin
g w
ate
r an
d d
evis
e a
wat
er q
ual
ity s
tew
ard
ship
pla
n.
H - 83
001355
1
Cu
rric
ulu
m F
ram
ewo
rk S
cien
ce
Sch
oo
l: T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
Ch
art
er
Sch
oo
l
Cu
rric
ula
r T
oo
l: D
E S
cien
ce C
oa
liti
on
G
rad
e: 8
th G
rad
e
Tea
cher
: _
__
___
___
___
___
__
__
__
_
S
tan
da
rds
Ali
gn
men
t
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Un
it O
ne:
Pla
net
ary
Sci
ence
Tim
elin
e :
9 W
eek
s
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
esta
ble
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
quest
ion
s su
gges
t d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions.
T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
invest
igat
ion c
ontr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
str
ateg
ies
can b
e
dev
elo
ped
to
answ
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g
pre
cise
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te
reco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
in
form
ati
on
unti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es
no
t m
atch e
xis
tin
g e
xp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g
fau
lty r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
ug
ges
tin
g a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanat
ions
for
the
sam
e o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sug
ges
t th
e nee
d f
or
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nti
nued
in
vest
igati
on c
an l
ead
to
Big
Id
eas:
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
sta
nd
th
at…
Ob
serv
able
, p
red
icta
ble
pat
tern
s o
f
mo
vem
ent
in t
he
Su
n,
Ear
th,
and
Mo
on
syst
em
occ
ur
bec
ause
of
gra
vit
atio
nal
inte
ract
ion a
nd
ener
gy f
rom
th
e S
un.
Mo
st o
bje
cts
in t
he
So
lar
Syst
em
orb
it
the
Sun a
nd
have
dis
tinct
ive
ph
ysi
cal
char
acte
rist
ics
and
ord
erly
mo
tio
n
Tec
hno
log
y e
xp
and
s o
ur
kno
wle
dge
of
the
So
lar
Syst
em
Co
nce
pts
:
The
use
of
mo
del
ing t
o
dem
onst
rate
Ear
th,
Su
n a
nd
Mo
on m
ovem
ents
cre
atin
g
Mo
on p
has
es,
Day/n
ight,
seas
on
s an
d t
he
am
ou
nt
of
conce
ntr
ated
ener
gy i
n
par
ticu
lar
loca
tio
ns
aro
und
the
Ear
th.
Stu
dents
ob
serv
e p
atte
rns
in
Mo
on p
has
es,
Sunri
se a
nd
Su
nse
t and
tid
es w
ith t
he
use
of
dai
ly d
ata
coll
ecti
on o
f th
is
info
rmat
ion f
rom
the
inte
rnet
.
Stu
dents
ob
serv
e th
e cycl
e o
f
Mo
on p
has
es a
nd
Su
nri
se a
nd
Su
nse
t th
rou
gho
ut
the
unit
and
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
What
pre
dic
tab
le,
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s o
ccur
as a
res
ult
of
the
inte
ract
ion b
etw
een t
he
Ear
th,
Mo
on,
and
Su
n? W
hat
cause
s th
ese
pat
tern
s?
Ho
w d
oes
Ear
th’s
ph
ysi
cal
char
acte
rist
ics
and
mo
tio
n
com
par
e to
oth
er b
od
ies
in t
he
So
lar
Syst
em
?
Ho
w h
as t
echno
log
y e
xp
and
ed
our
kno
wle
dge
of
the
So
lar
Syst
em
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
ab
le t
o…
Des
crib
e ho
w s
cienti
sts
have
his
tori
call
y c
on
firm
ed t
hat
the
Ear
th i
s ro
und
, no
t fl
at.
Anal
yze
dat
a o
n s
unri
se a
nd
sunse
t ti
mes
(in t
erm
s o
f
leng
th o
f d
ayli
gh
t) a
nd
des
crib
e p
atte
rns.
Exp
lain
the
reas
on f
or
the
pat
tern
s b
y
usi
ng m
od
els
or
com
pute
r
sim
ula
tio
ns
of
the
Ear
th a
nd
Su
n.
Usi
ng i
nte
rnet
, new
spap
er,
and
actu
al o
bse
rvat
ions
of
the
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
KW
Ls
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
Pre
-Tes
ts
Tic
ket
s in
/ou
t th
e d
oo
r
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tes
ts a
nd
Quiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
H - 84
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gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e
confl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es
of
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o s
cienti
fic i
nq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
id
eas,
and
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e m
athem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an
exp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le.
T
echno
log
y e
nh
ance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety
are
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
act
ors
: ec
ono
mic
,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
envir
on
menta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dg
e an
d t
echno
log
y
crea
te c
han
ges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h
imp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Str
an
d:
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
: S
ub
stra
nd
A:
Over
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by
dif
fere
nt
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g
som
e o
f th
ese
con
trib
uti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e
abo
ut
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the e
xp
ansi
on o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
4 :
Ea
rth
in
Sp
ace
Str
an
d:
Th
e E
art
h/S
un
/Mo
on
Sy
stem
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
Sun i
s a
star
that
giv
es o
ff
rad
iant
ener
gy t
hat
dri
ves
Ear
th s
yst
em
s and
is
esse
nti
al f
or
life
. T
he
am
ou
nt
of
rad
iant
ener
gy
Ear
th r
ecei
ves
fro
m t
he
Sun t
hro
ugho
ut
the
yea
r
is n
earl
y c
onst
ant.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
he
tilt
of
Ear
th’s
ax
is o
f ro
tati
on
reco
rd t
his
info
rmat
ion i
n
journ
als.
The
use
of
scie
nti
fic
invest
igat
ions
allo
ws
stud
ents
to e
xp
lain
the
cau
ses
of
seas
on
s o
n E
arth
and
in
fluen
ce
of
gra
vit
y o
n w
eig
ht
and
ju
mp
hei
ght
on d
iffe
rent
pla
net
s.
Inte
ract
ions
bet
wee
n t
he
Su
n,
Mo
on a
nd
Ear
th a
re o
bse
rved
thro
ugh p
heno
men
a su
ch a
s
tid
es,
seas
on
s, M
oo
n p
has
es,
day
/nig
ht
and
ecl
ipse
s.
Gre
at a
dvan
ces
in i
nfo
rmat
ion
abo
ut
So
lar
Syst
em
ob
ject
s
hav
e b
een o
bta
ined
thro
ugh
the
use
of
scie
nce
and
tech
no
log
y.
nig
ht
sky f
or
at l
east
tw
o
mo
nth
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a o
n t
he
Mo
on’s
ap
pea
rance
, an
d
mo
onri
se a
nd
mo
onse
t ti
mes
.
Anal
yze
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e
the
ob
serv
able
pat
tern
s
(phas
es).
Exp
lain
wh
y t
he
Mo
on’s
ap
pea
rance
chan
ges
in
a re
pea
ting c
ycli
cal
pat
tern
.
Use
mo
del
s to
des
crib
e ho
w
the
rela
tive
po
siti
ons
of
the
Su
n,
Mo
on,
and
Ear
th a
cco
unt
for
Mo
on p
has
es,
ecli
pse
s, a
nd
tid
es.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
rela
tive
po
siti
ons
of
the
Ear
th,
Mo
on
and
Su
n c
an c
ause
hig
h a
nd
low
tid
es,
and
un
usu
ally
hig
h
or
low
tid
es
Dem
on
stra
te a
n u
nd
erst
and
ing
of
the
com
po
nents
of
our
So
lar
Syst
em
and
thei
r
char
acte
rist
ics,
incl
ud
ing t
he
Mo
on,
the
Su
n,
the
pla
net
s an
d
thei
r m
oo
ns,
extr
a-s
ola
r
pla
net
s, a
nd
sm
alle
r o
bje
cts
such a
s as
tero
ids
and
co
met
s.
Co
nst
ruct
sca
le m
od
els
of
the
So
lar
Syst
em
in o
rder
to
des
crib
e th
e re
lati
ve
size
s o
f
pla
net
s and
thei
r d
ista
nce
s
fro
m t
he
Sun.
Use
a v
arie
ty o
f re
sourc
es
(e.g
., N
AS
A p
ho
togra
ph
s,
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nm
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U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
as i
t o
rbit
s th
e S
un p
oin
ts i
n t
he
sam
e d
irec
tio
n
wit
h r
esp
ect
to t
he
star
s. T
he
tilt
and
the
orb
ital
mo
tio
n o
f E
arth
aro
und
the
Su
n c
ause
var
iati
on i
n
the
am
oun
t o
f so
lar
rad
iati
on s
trik
ing a
lo
cati
on
on t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
wh
ich r
esult
s in
var
iati
on
in t
he
len
gth
of
day/n
igh
t an
d s
easo
ns.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: M
oo
n p
has
es o
ccur
bec
ause
the
rela
tive
po
siti
on
s o
f E
arth
, M
oo
n,
and
Su
n
chan
ge,
ther
eby e
nab
ling u
s to
see
dif
fere
nt
am
ou
nts
of
the
Mo
on
’s s
urf
ace.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: T
he
Mo
on i
s a
nat
ura
l sa
tell
ite
of
Ear
th a
nd
is
dif
fere
nt
than t
he
Ear
th i
n s
ize,
atm
osp
her
e, g
ravit
y,
and
surf
ace
fea
ture
s.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: T
ides
are
cau
sed
by t
he
gra
vit
ati
onal
inte
ract
ion
s o
f th
e S
un,
Mo
on a
nd
Ear
th.
The
Mo
on h
as a
gre
ater
imp
act
on t
ides
bec
ause
of
its
pro
xim
ity t
o E
art
h
Str
an
d:
Th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
he
Sun i
s b
y f
ar t
he
mo
st m
assi
ve
obje
ct i
n t
he
So
lar
Syst
em
, th
ere
fore
gra
vit
ati
onal
ly d
om
inat
ing a
ll o
ther
mem
ber
s o
f
the
So
lar
Syst
em
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
he
So
lar
Syst
em
co
nsi
sts
of
com
ets
, as
tero
ids,
pla
net
s, a
nd
thei
r re
spec
tive
sate
llit
es,
mo
st o
f w
hic
h o
rbit
the
Sun o
n a
pla
ne
call
ed t
he
ecli
pti
c. T
he
pla
net
s in
our
So
lar
Syst
em
revo
lve
in t
he
sam
e d
irec
tio
n a
round
the
Su
n i
n e
llip
tica
l o
rbit
s th
at a
re v
ery c
lose
to
bei
ng
in t
he
sam
e p
lane.
Mo
st p
lanet
s ro
tate
in t
he
sam
e
dir
ecti
on w
ith r
esp
ect
to t
he
Sun.
Su
bst
ran
d C
: P
lanet
s ca
n b
e ca
tego
rize
d a
s in
ner
or
oute
r p
lanet
s ac
cord
ing t
o d
ensi
ty,
dia
met
er a
nd
surf
ace
feat
ure
s.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: P
lanet
s an
d t
heir
mo
ons
hav
e b
een
shap
ed o
ver
tim
e b
y c
om
mo
n p
roce
sses
such a
s
crat
erin
g,
vo
lcanis
m,
ero
sio
n,
and
tec
tonic
s. T
he
pre
sence
of
life
on a
pla
net
can c
ontr
ibute
to
its
uniq
ue
dev
elo
pm
ent.
Str
an
d:
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
n
com
pute
r si
mu
lati
on
s) t
o
com
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.
e.,
tem
per
ature
, si
ze,
com
po
siti
on,
surf
ace
feat
ure
s)
of
pla
net
s.
Dem
on
stra
te a
n u
nd
erst
and
ing
of
the
mo
tio
n o
f th
e b
od
ies
in
our
So
lar
Syst
em
. U
se m
od
els,
char
ts,
illu
stra
tio
ns,
and
oth
er
suit
able
rep
rese
nta
tio
ns
to
pre
dic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
regula
r
pat
tern
s o
f m
oti
on f
or
mo
st
obje
cts
in t
he
So
lar
Syst
em
.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
Su
n i
s th
e
centr
al a
nd
lar
gest
bo
dy i
n o
ur
So
lar
Syst
em
and
the
sourc
e o
f
the
light
ener
gy t
hat
hit
s o
ur
pla
net
. U
se m
od
els
to e
xp
lain
ho
w v
aria
tio
ns
in t
he
am
ou
nt
of
Su
n’s
ener
gy h
itti
ng t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
resu
lts
in
seas
on
s.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
the
forc
e o
f
gra
vit
y k
eep
s p
lanet
s in
orb
it
aro
und
the
sun a
nd
infl
uence
s
obje
cts
on E
arth
and
oth
er
pla
net
s (i
.e.,
tid
es,
abil
ity o
f
hu
mans
to m
ove
and
funct
ion).
Dif
fere
nti
ate
bet
wee
n a
n o
bje
ct’s
mass
and
wei
ght
Des
crib
e ho
w s
cienti
sts
have
acq
uir
ed k
no
wle
dge
abo
ut
com
po
nents
of
our
So
lar
Syst
em
. R
eco
gniz
e th
e
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nd
ard
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lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d A
: T
echno
log
y,
incl
ud
ing h
um
ans
land
ing o
n t
he
Mo
on,
rob
ot
Lan
der
s an
d o
ther
spac
e p
rob
es,
sate
llit
es,
and
rad
io t
eles
cop
es,
allo
w s
cie
nti
sts
to i
nves
tigat
e co
nd
itio
ns
on E
arth
and
on o
ther
ob
ject
s in
the
So
lar
Syst
em
.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: T
he
tech
no
log
y u
sed
in s
pac
e
exp
lora
tio
n e
xp
and
s o
ur
kno
wle
dge
of
the
Univ
erse
and
has
man
y s
pin
-off
s re
late
d t
o
ever
yd
ay a
pp
lica
tio
ns.
imp
ort
ance
of
peo
ple
and
tech
no
logie
s th
at h
ave
led
to
our
curr
ent
und
erst
and
ing o
f
spac
e.
Rec
og
niz
e th
at
spin
-off
s ar
e
pro
duct
s w
hic
h h
ave
und
ergo
ne
a te
chno
log
y
tran
sfer
pro
cess
fro
m r
esea
rch
to p
ub
lic
use
.
Res
earc
h a
nd
rep
ort
on s
pin
-
off
s fr
om
the
spac
e p
rogra
m
that
have
aff
ecte
d o
ur
ever
yd
ay l
ives
(i.e
., V
elcr
o,
smo
ke
det
ecto
rs,
cord
less
too
ls).
Un
it T
wo
: E
ner
gy
Tra
nsf
ers
an
d T
ran
sfo
rm
ati
on
s
Tim
elin
e: 7
wee
ks
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nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g
pre
cise
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te
reco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
in
form
ati
on
unti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es
no
t m
atch e
xis
tin
g e
xp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an
exp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le.
T
echno
log
y e
nh
ance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety
are
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
act
ors
: ec
ono
mic
,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
envir
on
menta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dg
e an
d t
echno
log
y
crea
te c
han
ges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h
imp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Str
an
d:
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
: S
ub
stra
nd
A:
Over
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by
dif
fere
nt
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g
som
e o
f th
ese
con
trib
uti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e
abo
ut
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the e
xp
ansi
on o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
3 E
ner
gy
an
d I
ts E
ffec
ts
Big
Id
eas:
Ener
gy t
akes
man
y f
orm
s. T
hes
e fo
rms
can b
e gro
up
ed i
nto
typ
es o
f en
erg
y
that
are
ass
oci
ated
wit
h t
he
mo
tio
n o
f
mas
s (k
inet
ic e
ner
gy)
and
typ
es
of
ener
gy a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he
po
siti
on o
f
mas
s (p
ote
nti
al e
ner
gy).
Ener
gy m
ay t
ran
sfer
into
or
out
of
a
syst
em
and
it
may c
han
ge
form
s
(tra
nsf
orm
) b
ut
the
tota
l ener
gy c
anno
t
chan
ge.
Co
nce
pts
Ener
gy c
om
es i
n d
iffe
rent
form
s,
and
can
chan
ge
fro
m o
ne
form
to
ano
ther
.
Ener
gy c
an b
e tr
ansf
erre
d f
rom
one
obje
ct t
o a
no
ther
.
Ener
gy c
an
no
t b
e cr
eate
d o
r
des
tro
yed
.
Ter
ms:
T
ransf
er
Tra
nsf
orm
Kin
etic
Ener
gy
Po
tenti
al E
ner
gy
Law
of
Co
nse
rvat
ion o
f
Ener
gy
Ener
gy c
hai
n
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o w
e kno
w t
hat
thin
gs
hav
e en
erg
y?
Ho
w c
an e
ner
gy b
e tr
ansf
erre
d f
rom
one
mat
eria
l to
ano
ther
?
What
hap
pen
s to
a m
ater
ial
when
ener
gy i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
it?
What
hap
pen
s to
the
ener
gy i
n a
syst
em
?
Wher
e d
oes
this
ener
gy c
om
e fr
om
, ho
w i
s
it c
han
ged
wit
hin
the
syst
em
, an
d w
her
e
do
es i
t ult
imat
ely g
o?
Ho
w d
oes
the
flo
w o
f ener
gy a
ffec
t th
e
mat
eria
ls i
n t
he
syst
em
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
dents
wil
l…
Exp
lain
that
kin
etic
ener
gy i
s th
e en
erg
y a
n
obje
ct h
as b
ecau
se o
f it
s m
oti
on a
nd
iden
tify
that
kin
etic
ener
gy d
ep
end
s up
on
the
ob
ject
’s s
pee
d a
nd
mas
s.
Des
ign a
nd
car
ry o
ut
inves
tigati
ons
to
det
erm
ine
ho
w c
hang
ing t
he
mas
s o
f an
obje
ct o
r ch
angin
g i
ts s
pee
d c
han
ges
its
kin
eti
c en
erg
y.
Exp
lain
that
gra
vit
atio
nal
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy
(GP
E)
is t
he
ener
gy o
f p
osi
tio
n (
abo
ve
the
Ear
th’s
surf
ace)
and
that
it
dep
end
s o
n t
he
obje
ct’s
mass
and
hei
gh
t ab
ove
the
gro
und
.
Rel
ate
that
lif
ted
ob
ject
s hav
e G
PE
and
that
the
size
of
an o
bje
ct’s
GP
E d
epen
ds
on i
ts m
ass
and
the
ver
tica
l d
ista
nce
it
was
lift
ed.
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
KW
Ls
Pre
-Tes
ts
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Quic
kw
rite
s
Tic
ket
s in
/ou
t o
f th
e d
oo
r
Par
tici
pat
ion i
n l
ab w
ork
No
teta
kin
g
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e A
sses
smen
ts:
Tes
t an
d Q
uiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Rub
rics
H - 88
001360
6
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Str
an
d:
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
: E
ner
gy f
rom
th
e S
un t
akes
the
form
of
elec
tro
mag
net
ic w
aves
such a
s in
frar
ed,
vis
ible
, and
ult
rav
iole
t el
ectr
om
agnet
ic w
aves.
The
rad
iati
on f
rom
the
sun c
onsi
sts
of
a ra
nge
of
ener
gie
s in
the
elec
tro
mag
net
ic s
pec
tru
m.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: M
echanic
al e
ner
gy c
om
es f
rom
the
mo
tio
n a
nd
po
siti
on o
f o
bje
cts.
G
ravit
atio
nal
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy a
nd
ela
stic
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy a
re
imp
ort
ant
form
s o
f p
ote
nti
al e
ner
gy t
hat
contr
ibute
to
the
mec
hanic
al e
ner
gy o
f o
bje
cts.
Sta
nd
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d A
: W
hen
the
forc
es
acti
ng o
n a
n
obje
ct a
re b
alan
ced
, it
s m
oti
on
wil
l no
t ch
an
ge.
Unb
alan
ced
fo
rces
wil
l ca
use
the
ob
ject
’s m
oti
on
to c
han
ge.
C
han
ges
in m
oti
on
dep
end
up
on t
he
size
and
dir
ecti
on o
f th
e to
tal
unb
alance
d f
orc
e
exer
ted
on t
he
ob
ject
.
Su
bst
an
da
rd C
: F
orc
es c
an b
e use
d t
o t
ransf
er
ener
gy f
rom
one
ob
ject
to
anoth
er.
Sim
ple
mac
hin
es
are
use
d t
o t
ransf
er e
ner
gy i
n o
rder
to
sim
pli
fy d
iffi
cult
task
s.
Su
bst
an
da
rd D
: W
hen
ener
gy f
rom
the
sun i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
obje
cts
and
sub
stan
ces,
it
can b
e
tran
sfo
rmed
into
a v
arie
ty o
f ener
gy f
orm
s.
Sta
nd
: E
ner
gy
In
tera
ctin
g w
ith
Ma
teria
ls;
the
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d A
: E
ner
gy c
an b
e tr
ansf
orm
ed f
rom
one
form
into
ano
ther
. E
ner
gy t
ran
sfo
rmati
on
s
oft
en t
ake
pla
ce w
hil
e en
erg
y i
s b
ein
g t
ransf
erre
d
to a
no
ther
ob
ject
or
sub
stan
ce.
Ener
gy
tran
sfo
rmat
ions
and
ener
gy t
ransf
ers
can b
e use
d
to e
xp
lain
ho
w e
ner
gy f
low
s th
roug
h a
ph
ysi
cal
syst
em
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
hen
a s
ub
stan
ce a
bso
rbs
hea
t
ener
gy,
or
when
a d
iffe
rent
form
of
ener
gy i
s
abso
rbed
by t
he
sub
stance
and
is
tran
sfo
rmed
into
Exp
lain
that
the
mec
hanic
al e
ner
gy o
f an
obje
ct i
s th
e su
m o
f it
s kin
etic
ener
gy a
nd
its
po
tenti
al e
ner
gy a
t an
y p
oin
t in
tim
e.
Acc
ura
tely
co
nst
ruct
, in
terp
ret,
and
anal
yze
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
and
gra
phs,
sho
win
g r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo
var
iab
les
rela
ting t
o e
ner
gy.
H - 89
001361
7
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
hea
t en
erg
y,
the
sub
stance
usu
ally
exp
and
s.
The
par
ticl
es w
ithin
the
sub
stance
do
no
t ex
pan
d b
ut
the
spac
e b
etw
een t
he
par
ticl
es
incr
ease
s.
Un
it T
hre
e:
Hea
t E
ner
gy
Tim
elin
e:
4 W
eek
s
H - 90
001362
8
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
esta
ble
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
quest
ion
s su
gges
t d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions.
T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
invest
igat
ion c
ontr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
str
ateg
ies
can b
e
dev
elo
ped
to
answ
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g
pre
cise
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te
reco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
in
form
ati
on
unti
l new
exp
erim
en
tal
evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es
no
t m
atch e
xis
tin
g e
xp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g
fau
lty r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
ug
ges
tin
g a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanat
ions
for
the
sam
e o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sug
ges
t th
e nee
d f
or
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nti
nued
in
vest
igati
on c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e
confl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es
of
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o s
cienti
fic i
nq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
Big
Id
eas
The
par
ticl
e m
od
el i
s a
rep
rese
nta
tio
n
of
the
arra
ngem
ent
and
mo
tio
n o
f
par
ticl
es i
n d
iffe
rent
stat
es
of
mat
ter.
Hea
t en
erg
y t
ran
sfer
s b
y c
ond
uct
ion,
rad
iati
on,
or
convec
tio
n a
nd
fro
m a
reas
of
hig
her
tem
per
ature
(en
erg
y)
to a
reas
of
low
er t
em
per
ature
(en
erg
y).
Co
nce
pts
The
par
ticl
es t
hat
make
up
mat
eria
ls a
re i
n c
onst
ant
bu
t
rand
om
mo
tio
n.
The
com
bin
ed r
and
om
kin
eti
c
ener
gy o
f p
arti
cles
is
call
ed
hea
t en
erg
y.
Tem
per
ature
is
the
mea
sure
of
the
aver
age
mo
tio
n e
ner
gy o
f
the
par
ticl
es i
n a
mat
eria
l o
r
sub
stance
.
Hea
t en
erg
y t
ran
sfer
s b
y
cond
uct
ion,
con
vec
tio
n a
nd
rad
iati
on.
Hea
t en
erg
y t
ran
sfer
s fr
om
war
mer
sub
stan
ces
to c
oo
ler
sub
stance
s u
nti
l it
rea
ches
sam
e te
mp
erat
ure
(eq
uil
ibri
um
).
When
par
ticl
es a
bso
rb e
ner
gy
they i
ncr
ease
the
am
ou
nt
of
spac
e b
etw
een t
he
par
ticl
es
but
do
no
t ch
ange
in s
ize.
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o w
e kno
w t
hat
thin
gs
hav
e en
erg
y?
Ho
w c
an e
ner
gy b
e tr
ansf
erre
d f
rom
one
mat
eria
l to
ano
ther
?
What
hap
pen
s to
a m
ater
ial
when
ener
gy i
s
tran
sfer
red
to
it?
What
hap
pen
s to
the
ener
gy i
n a
syst
em
—
wh
ere
do
es t
his
ener
gy c
om
e fr
om
, ho
w i
s
it c
han
ged
wit
hin
the
syst
em
, an
d w
her
e
do
es i
t ult
imat
ely g
o?
Ho
w d
oes
the
flo
w o
f ener
gy a
ffec
t th
e
mat
eria
ls i
n t
he
syst
em
?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
dents
wil
l
Use
the
par
ticl
e m
od
el t
o e
xp
lain
hea
t
ener
gy a
s th
e co
mb
ined
ran
do
m k
inet
ic
ener
gy o
f p
arti
cles
that
mak
e up
an o
bje
ct
and
whil
e th
e hea
t en
erg
y a
nd
tem
per
ature
of
an o
bje
ct a
re r
elat
ed,
they a
re d
iffe
rent
quan
titi
es.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
mo
tio
n o
f w
ater
par
ticl
es
in a
gla
ss o
f co
ld w
ater
is
dif
fere
nt
fro
m
the
mo
tio
n o
f w
ater
par
ticl
es i
n a
gla
ss o
f
ho
t w
ater
.
Exp
lain
ho
w t
he
add
itio
n o
r re
mo
val
of
hea
t en
erg
y c
an c
han
ge
an o
bje
ct’s
tem
per
ature
and
or
its
ph
ysi
cal
stat
e.
Co
nd
uct
sim
ple
in
ves
tigat
ions
invo
lvin
g
chan
ges
of
ph
ysi
cal
stat
e an
d t
em
per
ature
.
Rel
ate
that
ther
e is
no
change
in
tem
per
ature
wh
en t
he
sub
stan
ce i
s
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
KW
Ls
Pre
-Tes
ts
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Quic
kw
rite
s
Tic
ket
s in
/ou
t o
f th
e d
oo
r
Par
tici
pat
ion i
n l
ab w
ork
No
teta
kin
g
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e A
sses
smen
ts:
Tes
t an
d Q
uiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Rub
rics
H - 91
001363
9
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
id
eas,
and
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e m
athem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an
exp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le.
T
echno
log
y e
nh
ance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety
are
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
act
ors
: ec
ono
mic
,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
envir
on
menta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dg
e an
d t
echno
log
y
crea
te c
han
ges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h
imp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the e
nvir
on
ment.
Str
an
d:
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
: S
ub
stra
nd
A:
Over
the
cours
e o
f hu
man h
isto
ry,
contr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
have
bee
n m
ade
by
dif
fere
nt
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s.
Stu
dyin
g
som
e o
f th
ese
con
trib
uti
on
s an
d h
ow
they c
am
e
abo
ut
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the e
xp
ansi
on o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
3.
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Str
an
d:
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
So
urc
es o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d D
: H
eat
ener
gy c
om
es f
rom
the
rand
om
mo
tio
n o
f th
e p
arti
cles
in a
n o
bje
ct o
r
sub
stance
. T
emp
erat
ure
is
a m
easu
re o
f th
e
mo
tio
n o
f th
e p
arti
cles
. T
he
hig
her
the
tem
per
ature
of
the
mate
rial
, th
e gre
ater
the
mo
tio
n
of
the
par
ticl
es.
Str
an
d:
Fo
rces
an
d t
he
Tra
nsf
er o
f E
ner
gy
Su
bst
ran
d F
: T
he
add
itio
n o
r re
mo
val
of
hea
t
ener
gy f
rom
a m
ater
ial
chan
ges
its
tem
per
ature
or
its
ph
ysi
cal
stat
e.
Ener
gy c
an r
aise
the
tem
per
ature
of
mat
ter
or
chan
ce i
ts s
tate
.
Ter
ms:
Co
nd
uct
ion
Rad
iati
on
Co
nvec
tio
n
Hea
t E
ner
gy
Par
ticl
e M
od
el
Eq
uil
ibri
um
chan
gin
g s
tate
.
H - 92
001364
10
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Su
bst
ran
d G
: H
eat
ener
gy i
s tr
ansp
ort
ed b
y
cond
uct
ion,
con
vec
tio
n,
and
rad
iati
on.
Hea
t
ener
gy t
ran
sfer
s fr
om
war
mer
sub
stance
s to
coo
ler
sub
stan
ces
unti
l th
ey r
eac
h t
he
sam
e
tem
per
ature
.
Str
an
d:
En
erg
y I
nte
ract
ing
wit
h M
ate
ria
ls;
the
Tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
of
En
erg
y
Su
bst
ran
d B
: W
hen
a s
ub
stan
ce a
bso
rbs
hea
t
ener
gy,
or
when
a d
iffe
rent
form
of
ener
gy i
s
abso
rbed
by a
sub
stance
and
is
tran
sfo
rmed
into
hea
t en
erg
y,
the
sub
stance
usu
ally
exp
and
s.
The
par
ticl
es w
ithin
a s
ub
stance
do
no
t ex
pan
d b
ut
the
spac
e b
etw
een t
he
par
ticl
es i
ncr
ease
.
Un
it F
ou
r: G
lob
al
Wea
ther
Tim
elin
e:
6 W
eek
s
H - 93
001365
11
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
esta
ble
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
quest
ion
s su
gges
t d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions.
T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
invest
igat
ion c
ontr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
str
ateg
ies
can b
e
dev
elo
ped
to
answ
er t
he s
am
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g
pre
cise
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te
reco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
that
sup
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
in
form
ati
on
unti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es
no
t m
atch e
xis
tin
g e
xp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lead
s to
the
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g
fau
lty r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
ug
ges
tin
g a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanat
ions
for
the
sam
e o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sug
ges
t th
e nee
d f
or
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nti
nued
in
vest
igati
on c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e
confl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es
of
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o s
cienti
fic i
nq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
Big
Id
eas
The
uneq
ual
hea
ting o
f th
e ea
rth i
s
wh
at s
ets
the
atm
osp
her
e in
mo
tio
n a
nd
crea
tes
wea
ther
pat
tern
s.
Co
nce
pts
Wea
ther
pat
tern
s ar
e b
ased
on
glo
bal
air
mas
ses
and
fro
nta
l
syst
em
s an
d g
ener
ally
mo
ve
fro
m w
est
to e
ast.
Sto
rms
dis
trib
ute
ener
gy t
hat
effe
ct
wea
ther
pat
tern
s.
Ter
ms
iso
bar
s
air
mas
ses
fro
nts
cycl
ones
torn
ado
es
no
r’ea
ster
thu
nd
erst
orm
h
urr
ican
e
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o c
han
ges
in o
ne
par
t o
f th
e E
arth
syst
em
aff
ect
oth
er p
arts
of
the
syst
em
?
In w
hat
ways
can E
arth
pro
cess
es b
e
exp
lain
ed a
s in
tera
ctio
ns
am
ong s
pher
es?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
Stu
dents
wil
l
Invest
igate
the
rate
at
wh
ich d
iffe
rent
Ear
th m
ater
ials
ab
sorb
hea
t. E
xp
lain
ho
w
thes
e d
iffe
rence
s in
hea
t ab
sorp
tio
n c
ause
s
air
pre
ssure
dif
fere
nce
s th
at r
esu
lt i
n
convec
tio
n c
urr
ents
(i.
e.,
loca
l la
nd
and
sea
bre
ezes
).
Use
a v
arie
ty o
f m
od
els,
char
ts,
dia
gra
ms,
or
sim
ple
in
ves
tigat
ions
to e
xp
lain
ho
w t
he
Su
n’s
ener
gy d
rives
the
cycl
ing o
f w
ater
thro
ugh t
he
Ear
th’s
cru
st,
oce
ans,
and
atm
osp
her
e.
Co
mp
are
and
co
ntr
ast
dif
fere
nt
sto
rm
syst
em
s in
ter
ms
of
size
, fo
rmat
ion,
and
asso
ciat
ed w
eath
er
Exam
ine
iso
bar
s o
n w
eath
er m
aps
to
des
crib
e ho
w w
ind
(m
ovin
g a
ir)
trav
els
fro
m a
reg
ion o
f hig
h p
ress
ure
to
a r
egio
n
of
low
pre
ssure
.
Co
nst
ruct
and
use
surf
ace
stat
ion m
od
els
to r
epre
sent
atm
osp
her
ic d
ata
and
inte
rpre
t
wea
ther
pat
tern
s o
n m
eteo
rolo
gic
al m
aps.
Use
wea
ther
map
s to
des
crib
e th
e
mo
vem
ent
of
fro
nts
and
sto
rms
to p
red
ict
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
KW
Ls
Pre
-Tes
ts
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Quic
kw
rite
s
Tic
ket
s in
/ou
t o
f th
e d
oo
r
Par
tici
pat
ion i
n l
ab w
ork
No
teta
kin
g
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e A
sses
smen
ts:
Tes
t an
d Q
uiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Rub
rics
H - 94
001366
12
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
op
ennes
s to
new
id
eas,
and
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e m
athem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hno
log
y
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an
exp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le.
T
echno
log
y e
nh
ance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety
are
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
act
ors
: ec
ono
mic
,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
envir
on
menta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dg
e an
d t
echno
log
y
crea
te c
han
ges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h
imp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Sta
nd
ard
5 E
art
h’s
Dy
na
mic
Sy
stem
s
Str
an
d:
Inte
ract
ion
s th
rou
gh
ou
t E
art
h’s
Sy
stem
s
Su
bst
ran
d I
: O
cean
curr
ents
, glo
bal
win
ds,
and
sto
rm s
yst
em
s, r
edis
trib
ute
heat
ener
gy o
n E
arth
’s
surf
ace
and
ther
efo
re a
ffec
t w
eath
er a
nd
lo
ng
-
term
cli
mat
ic p
atte
rns
of
a re
gio
n.
Su
bst
ran
d J
: U
nev
en h
eati
ng a
nd
co
oli
ng o
f th
e
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
pro
duce
air
mass
es t
hat
dif
fer
in
den
sity
, h
um
idit
y a
nd
tem
per
atu
re.
The
inte
ract
ion o
f th
ese
air
mas
ses
resu
lts
in
sig
nif
icant
wea
ther
changes.
Str
an
d:
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d A
pp
lica
tio
ns
Su
bst
ran
d A
: G
lob
al w
eath
er
dat
a fr
om
gro
und
mea
sure
ments
, sa
tell
ites
and
rad
ar a
re r
eco
rded
on m
aps,
analy
zed
, an
d u
sed
to
pre
dic
t lo
cal
wea
ther
.
thei
r in
fluence
on w
eath
er.
Un
it F
ive:
C
lim
ate
Tim
elin
e:
4 W
eek
s
H - 95
001367
13
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
no
log
y
Str
an
d U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f
Sci
enti
fic
Inq
uir
y:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ions
invo
lve
askin
g t
esta
ble
ques
tio
ns.
Dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
quest
ion
s su
gges
t d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions.
T
he
curr
ent
bo
dy o
f
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge
guid
es t
he
invest
igat
ion..
Su
bst
ran
d B
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
A v
alid
invest
igat
ion c
ontr
ols
var
iab
les.
Dif
fere
nt
exp
erim
enta
l d
esig
ns
and
str
ateg
ies
can b
e
dev
elo
ped
to
answ
er t
he
sam
e
Su
bst
ran
d C
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
In a
sci
enti
fic
invest
igat
ion,
dat
a co
llec
tio
n i
nvo
lves
makin
g
pre
cise
mea
sure
ments
and
kee
pin
g a
ccura
te
reco
rds
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exp
erim
ent.
Su
bst
ran
d D
: U
nd
erst
and
th
at:
Ther
e is
much
exp
erim
enta
l and
ob
serv
atio
nal
evid
ence
th
at
sup
po
rts
a la
rge
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
com
mu
nit
y s
up
po
rts
kno
wn
in
form
ati
on
unti
l new
exp
erim
enta
l evid
ence
ari
ses
that
do
es
no
t m
atch e
xis
tin
g e
xp
lanat
ions.
T
his
lea
ds
to t
he
evo
luti
on o
f th
e sc
ienti
fic
bo
dy o
f k
no
wle
dge.
Su
bst
ran
d E
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Eval
uat
ing t
he
exp
lanat
ions
pro
po
sed
by o
thers
in
vo
lves
exam
inin
g a
nd
co
mp
arin
g e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g
fau
lty r
easo
nin
g,
po
inti
ng o
ut
stat
em
ents
that
go
bey
ond
the
evid
ence
, an
d s
ug
ges
tin
g a
lter
nat
ive
exp
lanat
ions
for
the
sam
e o
bse
rvat
ions.
Co
nfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
confl
icti
ng
inte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sug
ges
t th
e nee
d f
or
furt
her
invest
igat
ion.
Co
nti
nued
in
vest
igati
on c
an l
ead
to
gre
ater
und
erst
and
ing a
nd
res
olu
tio
n o
f th
e
confl
ict.
Su
bst
ran
d F
: U
nd
erst
and
that:
Sci
enti
fic
hab
its
of
min
d a
nd
oth
er s
ourc
es
of
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls a
re e
ssenti
al t
o s
cienti
fic i
nq
uir
y.
Hab
its
of
Big
Id
eas
Cli
mat
e is
the
aver
age
wea
ther
occ
urr
ing o
ver
a s
pec
ific
lo
cati
on o
ver
tim
e.
Co
nce
pts
:
Cli
mat
e o
n e
arth
is
affe
cted
by
circ
ula
tio
n p
atte
rns
in t
he
oce
ans,
glo
bal
win
ds,
sto
rm
syst
em
s, a
nd
lo
cati
on o
n e
arth
.
Ter
ms
Lat
itud
e
Oce
an c
urr
ents
Cli
mat
e
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns:
Ho
w d
o c
han
ges
in o
ne
par
t o
f th
e E
arth
syst
em
aff
ect
oth
er p
arts
of
the
syst
em
?
In w
hat
ways
can E
arth
pro
cess
es b
e
exp
lain
ed a
s in
tera
ctio
ns
am
ong s
pher
es?
Lea
rnin
g T
arg
ets:
S
tud
ents
wil
l
Dif
fere
nti
ate
bet
wee
n w
eath
er,
whic
h i
s
the
cond
itio
n o
f th
e at
mo
spher
e at
a g
iven
tim
e, a
nd
cli
mat
e, w
hic
h i
s th
e w
eath
er
aver
aged
over
a l
ong p
erio
d o
f ti
me.
Des
crib
e ho
w a
ir t
em
per
ature
and
pre
ssure
chan
ge
wit
h i
ncr
easi
ng a
ltit
ud
e an
d
lati
tud
e.
Exam
ine
map
s o
f o
cean
curr
ents
and
tra
ce
the
ori
gin
and
flo
w o
f su
ch c
urr
ents
to
exp
lain
the
tran
sfer
of
hea
t en
erg
y.
Iden
tify
wh
ich c
urr
ents
have
do
min
ant
infl
uence
on t
he
Del
aw
are
coas
t
Su
gg
este
d F
orm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
en
ts:
Tea
cher
ob
serv
atio
ns
Gra
phic
Org
aniz
ers
Journ
al E
ntr
ies
KW
Ls
Pre
-Tes
ts
Ob
serv
atio
ns
Quic
kw
rite
s
Tic
ket
s in
/ou
t o
f th
e d
oo
r
Par
tici
pat
ion i
n l
ab w
ork
No
teta
kin
g
Su
gg
este
d S
um
ma
tiv
e A
sses
smen
ts:
Tes
t an
d Q
uiz
zes
Wri
tten
Rep
ort
s
Lab
Rep
ort
s
Pro
ject
s
Pre
senta
tio
ns
Mo
del
of
Key i
dea
s
Rub
rics
H - 96
001368
14
Cop
yri
gh
t ©
201
1 b
y
1
Sta
nd
ard
s A
lig
nm
ent
U
nit
C
on
cep
t
Big
Id
eas
Ess
en
tia
l Q
ues
tio
ns
Stu
den
t L
earn
ing
Ta
rget
s
Ass
essm
en
ts
min
d i
ncl
ud
e to
lera
nce
of
am
big
uit
y,
skep
tici
sm,
op
ennes
s to
new
id
eas,
and
ob
ject
ivit
y.
Oth
er
kno
wle
dge
and
skil
ls i
ncl
ud
e m
athem
ati
cs,
read
ing,
wri
ting,
and
tec
hn
olo
gy
Str
an
d:
Sci
ence
Tec
hn
olo
gy
an
d S
oci
ety
:
Su
bst
ran
d A
: A
dvan
ces
in t
ech
no
log
y c
an
exp
and
the
bo
dy o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Tec
hno
logic
al t
oo
ls a
llo
w p
eop
le t
o o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
wo
uld
no
t
be
po
ssib
le.
T
echno
log
y e
nh
ance
s th
e q
ual
ity,
accu
racy,
spee
d a
nd
anal
ysi
s o
f d
ata
gat
her
ed.
Su
bst
ran
d B
: S
cien
ce a
nd
tech
no
log
y i
n s
oci
ety
are
dri
ven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
act
ors
: ec
ono
mic
,
po
liti
cal,
cult
ura
l, s
oci
al,
and
envir
on
menta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dg
e an
d t
echno
log
y
crea
te c
han
ges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
ind
ivid
ual
s o
r so
ciet
y t
hro
ug
h
imp
act
on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd
the
envir
on
ment.
Sta
nd
ard
5:
Ea
rth
’s D
yn
am
ic S
yst
em
s
Str
an
d:
Inte
ract
ion
s T
hro
ug
ho
ut
eart
h’s
Sy
stem
s
Su
bst
ran
d G
: T
he
clim
ate
at
a lo
cati
on o
n E
arth
is t
he
resu
lt o
f se
ver
al i
nte
ract
ing v
aria
ble
s su
ch
as l
atit
ud
e, a
ltit
ud
e an
d /
or
pro
xim
ity t
o w
ater
.
Su
bst
ran
d M
: H
eat
ener
gy s
tore
d i
n t
he
oce
ans
and
tra
nsf
erre
d b
y c
urr
ents
in
fluen
ce c
lim
ate
. A
dis
rup
tio
n o
f th
e ci
rcula
tio
n a
nd
tem
per
ature
of
the
wo
rld
’s o
cean
s w
ould
fo
ster
cli
mat
e ch
an
ge
and
hav
e en
vir
on
men
tal
and
eco
no
mic
conse
quence
s.
H - 97
001369
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
, D
ela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
1
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coali
tio
n
Gra
de
K W
oo
d a
nd
Pa
per
Un
it T
emp
late
Copyr
igh
t 2008D
elaw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
H - 98
001370
Pa
ge 2
of
13
Ch
ar
ter
Sc
ho
ol
Un
it M
od
ific
ati
on
T
he
foll
ow
ing
qu
esti
on
s h
av
e b
een
dev
elo
ped
to
ass
ist
in t
he
refi
nem
ent
of
the
req
uir
ed s
cop
e a
nd
se
qu
ence
do
cum
ents
an
d a
cco
mp
an
yin
g u
nit
s o
f in
stru
ctio
n f
or
the
cha
rte
r sc
ho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
ren
ew
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ver
let
ter
form
at
thes
e q
ue
stio
ns
sho
uld
be
ad
dre
ssed
to
ass
ist
mem
ber
s o
f th
e D
ela
wa
re D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
em
ent
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
W
hy
wa
s th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
sel
ecte
d a
s p
art
of
yo
ur
sch
oo
ls’ c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed
as
pa
rt o
f T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
’s c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n b
eca
use
it
emp
ha
size
s th
e d
evel
op
men
t o
f o
bse
rva
tio
n a
nd
de
scri
pti
on
sk
ills
, sk
ills
th
at
kin
der
ga
rten
ers
wil
l h
av
e b
een
w
ork
ing
on
yea
r lo
ng
. I
t a
lso
ser
ves
as
an
in
tro
du
ctio
n t
o t
he
idea
of
recy
clin
g a
nd
th
e k
no
wle
dg
e th
at
on
e m
ate
ria
l ca
n b
e ch
an
ge
d i
nto
or
use
d f
or
an
oth
er.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
, so
th
e n
eed
s o
f a
ll l
earn
ers
can
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tr
ain
ing
so
th
ey a
re c
on
fid
ent
in t
hei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le
to y
ou
r sc
ho
ol?
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
un
it.
H - 99
001371
Pa
ge 3
of
13
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. I
t is
by
no
mea
ns
inte
nd
ed t
o b
e in
clu
sive
; ra
ther
it i
s m
ean
t to
be
a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r te
ach
er t
ho
ug
ht
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e U
nd
erst
an
din
g b
y D
esig
n f
ram
ewo
rk a
nd
ph
ilo
sop
hy.
Un
it S
um
mary
: B
y u
sing t
he
FO
SS
Woo
d a
nd
Paper
mod
ule
stu
den
ts w
ill
obse
rve
the
pro
per
ties
of
wood a
nd p
aper
and d
isco
ver
what
hap
pen
s w
hen
they
are
subje
cted
to a
num
ber
of
test
s an
d i
nte
ract
ions
wit
h o
ther
mat
eria
ls. S
tuden
ts l
earn
that
wood a
nd p
aper
can
be
recycl
ed t
o c
reat
e n
ew
form
s of
pap
er a
nd w
ood
that
hav
e new
pro
per
ties
. S
tuden
ts w
ill
use
this
know
ledge
about
the
pro
per
ties
of
wood a
nd p
aper
as
they
chan
ge
wood a
nd p
aper
into
a v
arie
ty o
f pro
duct
s. T
hro
ughout
the
module
, ap
pro
xim
atel
y 9
-12 w
eeks,
stu
den
ts w
ill
hav
e am
ple
op
port
unit
ies
to
mak
e co
mpar
isons
bet
wee
n d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
woo
d, dif
fere
nt
types
of
pap
er, an
d w
ood a
nd p
aper
. T
he
Wood a
nd P
aper
mod
ule
em
phas
izes
the
dev
elopm
ent
of
obse
rvat
ion a
nd d
escr
ipti
on s
kil
ls a
nd b
uil
din
g e
xpla
nat
ions
bas
ed o
n e
xper
ience
.
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
da
rds
DE
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Co
nte
nt
Sta
nd
ard
s an
d G
rad
e L
evel
Exp
ecta
tion
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1, 2, an
d 8
fou
nd
on
th
e
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12
.de.
us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_a
reas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1-
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
Under
stan
din
g a
nd A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
whet
her
conduct
ed b
y s
tuden
ts o
r sc
ienti
sts,
involv
e as
kin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l
worl
d.
Be
able
to:
Gen
erat
e qu
esti
ons
and p
redic
tions
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
3. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
obse
rvat
ions
and d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce.
Sci
enti
sts
use
tools
to e
nhan
ce
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o o
bta
in m
ore
evid
ence
.
B
e ab
le t
o:
Coll
ect
dat
a u
sing o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
ecord
dat
a in
tab
les,
char
ts, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
Com
par
e dat
a w
ith o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
4. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tist
s use
obse
rvat
ions
from
inves
tigat
ion
s an
d k
now
ledge
that
is
alre
ady k
now
n t
o d
evel
op a
n e
xpla
nat
ion.
B
e ab
le t
o:
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ional
dat
a.
Rev
ise
the
expla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew
evid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m o
ther
res
ourc
es o
r fr
om
furt
her
inves
tigat
ion.
5. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to s
har
e ev
iden
ce a
nd c
oncl
usi
ons.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigat
ions
to o
ther
s.
H - 100
001372
Pa
ge 4
of
13
B
e ab
le t
o:
Shar
e si
mple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and
just
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inves
tigat
ion.
6. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng,
and t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mport
ant
in c
ond
uct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
condu
ctin
g a
n i
nv
esti
gat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
Sci
ence
, T
echn
olo
gy, an
d S
oci
ety
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. P
eople
hav
e in
ven
ted n
ew t
echnolo
gie
s to
solv
e pro
ble
ms.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
O
bse
rve
how
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e m
odif
ied f
or
dif
fere
nt
use
s (e
.g., p
aper
and w
ood c
an b
e m
odif
ied t
o h
ave
new
pro
per
ties
).
2.
Tools
are
use
ful
in s
cien
ce t
o h
elp g
ather
dat
a fo
r obse
rvat
ions
and m
easu
rem
ents
and p
rovid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
conduct
ing a
n
inves
tigat
ion.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
se a
han
d l
ens
(mag
nif
ier)
to i
nsp
ect
a v
arie
ty o
f non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
and
dem
onst
rate
thro
ugh d
iscu
ssio
n o
r dra
win
gs
how
the
lens
exte
nds
the
sense
of
sight.
His
tory
and C
onte
xt
of
Sci
ence
1. P
eople
fro
m a
ll p
arts
of
the
worl
d p
ract
ice
scie
nce
and m
ake
man
y i
mport
ant
scie
nti
fic
contr
ibuti
ons.
2. M
uch
has
bee
n l
earn
ed a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d b
ut
ther
e is
sti
ll m
uch
to u
nder
stan
d.
Sta
nd
ard
2:
Mate
rials
an
d T
hei
r P
rop
erti
es
Pro
per
ties
and S
tru
cture
s of
Mat
eria
ls
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. M
ater
ials
can
be
des
crib
ed a
nd c
lass
ifie
d a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
foll
ow
ing p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
: si
ze, sh
ape,
mas
s, t
extu
re, co
lor,
and m
ater
ial
com
posi
tion. S
tuden
ts c
an o
bse
rve
mat
eria
ls’
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
by u
sin
g t
ools
that
incl
ude
rule
rs, bal
ance
s, t
her
mom
eter
s an
d h
and
lense
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
O
bse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
the
pro
per
ties
of
a var
iety
of
non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
usi
ng t
he
sense
s (i
.e., s
ight,
touch
, sm
ell,
hea
rin
g).
U
se t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
(e.
g., t
extu
re, si
ze, sh
ape,
colo
r) t
o d
escr
ibe
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces.
S
ort
, gro
up, an
d r
egro
up a
var
iety
of
fam
ilia
r non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
bas
ed o
n t
hei
r ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(e.
g., s
hap
e, c
olo
r,
tex
ture
, si
ze).
U
se a
han
d l
ens
(mag
nif
ier)
to i
nsp
ect
a v
arie
ty o
f non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
and
dem
onst
rate
thro
ugh d
iscu
ssio
n o
r dra
win
gs
how
the
lens
exte
nds
the
sense
of
sight.
C
onst
ruct
sim
ple
cla
ss g
raphs
(e.g
., p
icto
gra
phs,
ph
ysi
cal
gra
phs)
to o
rgan
ize
info
rmat
ion.
H - 101
001373
Pa
ge 5
of
13
3. P
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e ch
anged
by e
xposu
re t
o w
ater
, hea
t, l
ight,
or
by c
utt
ing, m
ixin
g, an
d g
rindin
g.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
O
bse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
chan
ges
in t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
obje
cts
that
occ
ur
when
they a
re e
xpose
d t
o a
var
iety
of
trea
tmen
ts
(i.e
., t
emper
ature
, su
nli
ght,
wat
er).
Mat
eria
l T
echnolo
gy
1. T
he
pro
per
ties
of
mat
eria
ls i
nfl
uen
ce t
hei
r use
. S
om
e m
ater
ials
are
mo
re s
uit
able
for
mak
ing a
par
ticu
lar
pro
duct
or
dev
ice.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
O
bse
rve
how
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e m
odif
ied f
or
dif
fere
nt
use
s (e
.g., p
aper
and w
ood c
an b
e m
odif
ied t
o h
ave
new
pro
per
ties
).
2. T
echnolo
gy h
as c
reat
ed n
ew m
ater
ials
that
can
hel
p p
eople
solv
e pro
ble
ms.
Sta
nd
ard
8:
Eco
logy
Hum
an I
mpac
t
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Man
y n
atura
l re
sourc
es a
re l
imit
ed. T
he
amount
avai
lable
can
be
mad
e to
las
t lo
nger
by d
ecre
asin
g t
he
use
of
som
e re
sourc
es o
r b
y
reusi
ng o
r re
cycl
ing c
erta
in m
ater
ials
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
R
ecogniz
e th
at t
rees
are
rep
lante
d i
n a
n a
ttem
pt
to r
epla
ce t
hose
that
are
cut
dow
n.
Big
Id
eas
Obse
rvat
ion (
studen
ts o
bse
rve
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood t
o i
den
tify
thei
r ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
)
Pro
per
ties
of
Mat
eria
ls (
studen
ts o
bse
rve
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood a
nd i
den
tify
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
such
as
colo
r, t
extu
re, an
d
buo
yan
cy)
Inv
esti
gat
ion (
studen
ts p
lace
dif
fere
nt
woods
into
conta
iner
s of
wat
er t
o o
bse
rve
sinkin
g a
nd f
loat
ing)
Pro
cess
skil
ls (
com
bin
ing m
ater
ials
to c
han
ge
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
woods)
Sci
ence
, te
chnolo
gy a
nd S
oci
ety (
explo
rati
on o
f te
chnolo
gy u
sed t
o m
ake
pap
er p
rodu
cts)
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Enduri
ng U
nd
erst
andin
gs:
Tools
an
d s
ense
s ar
e u
sed
to
ask
qu
esti
ons,
mak
e pre
dic
tions,
obse
rve,
des
crib
e an
d c
om
munic
ate
resu
lts
abou
t th
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
wo
od
and p
aper
.
Dif
fere
nt
typ
es o
f w
oo
d e
xh
ibit
dif
fere
nt
physi
cal
pro
per
ties
(e.
g.
abso
rben
cy,
float
abil
ity,
and/o
r si
nkin
g)
H - 102
001374
Pa
ge 6
of
13
Pap
er h
as m
any o
bse
rvab
le p
rop
erti
es (
e.g.
ben
din
g,
crea
sing,
thic
knes
s, s
tren
gth
etc
.)
Wood i
s a
reso
urc
e th
at c
om
es f
rom
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
tree
s.
Som
e w
oods
are
pro
cess
ed a
nd t
ran
sfo
rmed
for
hu
man
use
.
Rec
ycl
ing c
an e
xte
nd
th
e use
of
tree
s.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
1.
How
can
the
shap
e of
wo
od b
e ch
anged
for
hum
an u
se?
2.
How
do t
he
pro
per
ties
of
dif
fere
nt
woo
ds
and/o
r p
aper
s m
ake
them
use
ful
for
dif
fere
nt
purp
ose
s?
3.
How
can
wood a
nd p
aper
pro
duct
s be
reuse
d f
or
oth
er p
urp
ose
s?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Know
led
ge:
Wo
od
has
pro
per
ties
of
wei
gh
t, t
extu
re,
colo
r, a
nd
ab
ilit
y t
o a
bso
rb w
ater
that
all
ow
s it
to
be
ob
serv
ed a
nd
des
crib
ed.
Pap
er h
as p
rop
erti
es o
f te
xtu
re,
and
ab
ilit
y t
o a
bso
rb w
ate
r th
at a
llo
w i
t to
be
ob
serv
ed a
nd
des
crib
ed.
Sim
ple
to
ols
such a
s a
hand
lens
and
eye
dro
pp
er c
an b
e use
d t
o c
oll
ect
dat
a.
Sen
se o
f to
uch i
s u
sed
to
co
mp
are
the
rela
tive
wei
ght
of
wo
od
sam
ple
s an
d t
extu
re o
f d
iffe
rent
wo
od
sam
ple
s an
d p
aper
.
Sen
se o
f si
gh
t is
use
d t
o c
om
par
e th
e co
lors
of
wo
od
sam
ple
s.
Man
y u
sefu
l o
bje
cts
such
as
furn
iture
and
bo
xes
are
mad
e fr
om
wo
od
or
pap
er.
So
me
ob
ject
s su
ch a
s tr
ees
occ
ur
in n
ature
wh
erea
s o
ther
s are
mad
e b
y p
eop
le s
uch a
s p
arti
cle
bo
ard
and
ply
wo
od
.
San
din
g c
han
ges
the
shap
e an
d t
extu
re o
f w
oo
d a
nd
pro
duce
s sa
wd
ust
.
Par
ticl
e b
oar
d, p
lyw
oo
d,
and
pap
er a
re m
ade
fro
m s
mal
ler
pie
ces
of
wo
od
. S
kil
ls:
Gen
erat
e ques
tions
and p
redic
tions
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
Gen
erat
e an
d f
oll
ow
sim
ple
pla
ns
usi
ng s
yst
emat
ic o
bse
rvat
ions
to e
xplo
re q
ues
tions
and p
redic
tion
s.
Use
sim
ple
mate
rials
to m
ak
e p
ap
er a
nd
pap
ier-
mâch
é.
Coll
ect
dat
a usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
ecord
dat
a in
tab
les,
char
ts, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
C
om
par
e d
ata
wit
h o
ther
s to
exam
ine
and q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
Use
sim
ple
gra
ph
s to
co
mm
un
icate
th
eir
fin
din
g.
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ional
dat
a. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew e
vid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion g
ained
from
oth
er r
esourc
es o
r fr
om
furt
her
inves
tigat
ion
.
Use
pap
er c
lip
s, r
ub
ber
ban
ds,
an
d w
ate
r b
asi
ns
to s
ink
sam
ple
s of
wood
.
Shar
e si
mple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and j
ust
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inves
tigat
ion
.
H - 103
001375
Pa
ge 7
of
13
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
conduct
ing a
n i
nves
tigat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
Use
cra
yon
s an
d m
ark
ers
to o
bse
rve
inte
racti
on
s w
ith
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
pap
er.
Obse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
the
pro
per
ties
of
a var
iety
of
non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
usi
ng t
he
sense
s (i
.e., s
ight,
touch
, sm
ell,
hea
rin
g).
Ob
serv
e an
d d
escr
ibe
sam
ple
s of
wood
, sa
wd
ust
, sh
avin
gs,
an
d p
ap
er.
Des
crib
e th
e si
mil
ari
ties
an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
in w
ood
an
d p
ap
er s
am
ple
s u
sin
g t
he
sen
se o
f to
uch
an
d s
igh
t.
Use
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
(e.
g., t
extu
re, si
ze, sh
ape,
colo
r) t
o d
escr
ibe
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces.
Fold
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
pap
er a
nd
sort
th
em
base
d o
n e
ase
of
fold
ing.
Tak
e b
oxes
ap
art
, tr
ace
th
e ou
tlin
e of
boxes
, an
d r
eass
em
ble
boxes
.
Sort
, gro
up, an
d r
egro
up a
var
iety
of
fam
ilia
r non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
bas
ed o
n t
hei
r ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(e.
g., s
hap
e, c
olo
r, t
extu
re, si
ze).
Matc
h l
ike
sam
ple
s of
wood
.
Use
a h
and l
ens
(mag
nif
ier)
to i
nsp
ect
a v
arie
ty o
f non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
and
dem
onst
rate
thro
ugh d
iscu
ssio
n o
r dra
win
gs
how
the
lens
exte
nds
the
sense
of
sight.
Pra
ctic
e sa
fe h
an
dli
ng o
f sc
ien
ce m
ate
rials
.
Const
ruct
sim
ple
cla
ss g
raphs
(e.g
., p
icto
gra
phs,
ph
ysi
cal
gra
phs)
to o
rgan
ize
info
rmat
ion.
Use
sim
ple
gra
ph
s to
co
mm
un
icate
th
eir
fin
din
g.
Use
non
-sta
ndar
d u
nit
s of
mea
sure
(e.
g., s
trin
g, pap
er c
lips)
to c
om
par
e th
e si
ze a
nd w
eight
of
non
-liv
ing m
ater
ials
.
Obse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
chan
ges
in t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
obje
cts
that
occ
ur
when
they a
re e
xpose
d t
o a
var
iety
of
trea
tmen
ts (
i.e.
,
tem
per
ature
, su
nli
ght,
wat
er).
Use
eye
dro
pp
ers,
basi
ns
of
wate
r, a
nd
scr
een
s to
ob
serv
e th
e in
tera
ctio
n o
f w
ood
, sa
wd
ust
an
d s
havin
gs
in w
ate
r.
Use
san
dp
ap
er t
o s
an
d a
nd
sh
ap
e a p
iece
of
wood
.
Obse
rve
how
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e m
odif
ied f
or
dif
fere
nt
use
s (e
.g., p
aper
and w
ood c
an b
e m
odif
ied t
o h
ave
new
pro
per
ties
).
Iden
tify
ob
ject
s m
ad
e fr
om
wood
an
d p
ap
er.
Use
cra
ft s
tick
s to
mix
saw
du
st a
nd
corn
starc
h m
atr
ix t
o m
ak
e p
arti
cle b
oard
.
Glu
e to
geth
er t
hin
layer
s of
thin
wood
to f
orm
ply
wood
.
Wea
ve
stri
ps
of
pap
er.
Mak
e an
ori
gin
al
wood
an
d p
ap
er s
culp
ture
.
Rec
ogniz
e th
at t
rees
are
rep
lante
d i
n a
n a
ttem
pt
to r
epla
ce t
hose
that
are
cut
dow
n.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
Su
gges
ted
Perf
orm
an
ce T
ask
(s)
Form
ati
ve
ass
essm
ent
task
s are
id
enti
fied
bel
ow
.
1.
Ass
essm
ent
is u
sed a
fter
Act
ivit
y O
ne,
Par
t 5. I
t co
mes
fro
m t
he
“Hom
e an
d S
chool
Ex
tensi
ons”
, pag
e 35,
exte
nsi
on n
um
ber
sev
en.
Dir
ecti
ons:
H - 104
001376
Pa
ge 8
of
13
Use
tw
o s
ample
s of
each
kin
d o
f w
ood p
rovid
ed i
n t
he
kit
, an
d t
en p
aper
cu
ps,
lar
ge
enou
gh t
o c
ov
er t
he
pie
ces
of
wood s
o
that
can
not
be
see
n.
Cover
eac
h w
ood p
iece
wit
h a
pap
er c
up.
Mix
the
cups
around b
efore
beg
innin
g t
he
asse
ssm
ent.
Conduct
the
Wood M
emory
by a
llow
ing s
tuden
ts t
o l
ift
two c
ups
at a
tim
e to
fin
d a
mat
ch (
the
sam
e kin
d o
f w
ood).
W
hen
findin
g a
mat
ch, st
uden
ts m
ust
tel
l w
hy t
he
pie
ces
mat
ch b
ased
on a
pro
per
ty.
Ex
ample
: “T
he
two p
iece
s ar
e re
d.”
“T
he
two
pie
ces
are
the
red a
nd s
mooth
”.
When
a m
atch
is
found, th
e st
uden
t get
s to
coll
ect
the
pie
ces.
If t
he
pie
ces
do n
ot
mat
ch, co
ver
them
agai
n a
nd m
ove
on t
o t
he
nex
t per
son’s
turn
.
Pla
y t
he
gam
e unti
l al
l pie
ces
are
mat
ched
.
Sco
ring G
uid
e:
Tea
cher
rec
ord
s on a
chec
kli
st a
s to
whet
her
stu
den
t is
able
to m
atch
pie
ces
of
wood
bas
ed o
n a
pro
per
ty o
f w
ood.
2.
What
is
mad
e fr
om
wood?
Form
ativ
e as
sess
men
t to
be
use
d a
fter
Inves
tigat
ion 1
, par
t 2. T
his
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
ity
to d
escr
ibe
(thro
ugh d
raw
ing)
obje
cts
mad
e fr
om
wood.
Stu
den
t N
am
e
Ma
tch
es
wood
pie
ces
ba
sed
on
colo
r,
textu
re,
or
oth
er
pro
pert
y.
1.
2.
Th
is i
s m
ad
e
of
wood
.
H - 105
001377
Pa
ge 9
of
13
D
irec
tions:
Pre
par
e st
uden
t pap
ers
as s
how
n a
bove.
In
the
mid
dle
of
the
web
, pla
ce t
he
word
s, “
This
is
mad
e o
f w
ood.”
Stu
den
ts d
raw
pic
ture
s of
thin
gs
mad
e fr
om
wood t
hen
shar
e th
eir
web
wit
h t
he
clas
s an
d e
xpla
in e
ach p
ictu
re. S
tuden
ts
may
wri
te t
he
nam
e o
f th
e obje
ct b
elow
eac
h p
ictu
re.
Sco
ring G
uid
e: T
each
er u
ses
a co
nte
nt
chec
kli
st t
o r
ecord
whet
her
stu
den
ts under
stan
d c
once
pt
thro
ugh c
orr
ectl
y d
raw
ing
obje
cts
mad
e fr
om
wood.
3.
Gues
s m
y r
ule
! F
orm
ativ
e as
sess
men
t. T
his
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
ity t
o i
den
tify
a p
roper
ty o
f w
ood a
nd s
ort
by t
hat
pro
per
ty. T
his
ass
essm
ent
is u
sed a
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
, par
t 2.
Dir
ecti
ons:
The
teac
her
tak
es a
ll t
he
sam
ple
s of
wood a
nd p
lace
s th
em n
ext
to a
cir
cle.
Th
e te
acher
pic
ks
pie
ces
of
wood o
ut
of
the
pil
e an
d p
lace
s th
em i
n t
he
circ
le,
bas
ed o
n a
pro
per
ty k
no
wn o
nly
to t
he
teac
her
. E
xam
ple
: T
he
teac
her
pla
ces
all
red s
ample
s in
the
circ
le. T
hre
e st
uden
ts a
re a
llow
ed t
o g
ues
s th
e pro
per
ty u
sed t
o s
ort
the
wood p
iece
s.
Nex
t, t
he
studen
t th
inks
of
a pro
per
ty o
f w
ood. T
he
studen
t pic
ks
out
pie
ces
of
wood f
rom
the
pil
e an
d p
lace
s th
em i
n t
he c
ircl
e.
Anoth
er s
tuden
t te
lls
the
pro
per
ty t
hat
was
use
d t
o s
ort
the
wood p
iece
s.
To a
sses
s m
ore
stu
den
ts,
allo
w t
he
per
son w
ho g
ues
ses
the
pro
per
ty c
hoose
the
nex
t per
son.
Sco
ring G
uid
e: T
each
er u
ses
a co
nte
nt
chec
kli
st t
o a
sses
s w
het
her
stu
den
ts a
re a
ble
to s
ort
wood p
iece
s bas
ed o
n p
roper
ties
of
wood.
4.
Was
it
mad
e b
y n
ature
or
by p
eople
? F
orm
ativ
e as
sess
men
t. T
his
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
ity t
o i
den
tify
a p
iece
of
wood
(ply
wood o
r par
ticl
e bo
ard)
mad
e b
y p
eople
and d
escr
ibe
how
th
e w
ood w
as m
ade.
T
his
ass
essm
ent
is t
o b
e use
d a
fter
Act
ivit
y 2
,
par
t 4.
Dir
ecti
ons:
Pre
sent
studen
ts w
ith s
ever
al s
ample
s of
wood, in
cludin
g p
arti
cle
boar
d a
nd
ply
wood. A
sk s
tuden
t to
pic
k o
ut
a sa
mple
of
wood m
ade
by p
eople
and t
ell
you h
ow
it
was
mad
e. E
xam
ple
: S
tuden
t id
enti
fies
the
par
ticl
e bo
ard s
ample
and t
ells
that
it
is
mad
e fr
om
sev
eral
sm
all
pie
ces
of
wood t
hat
has
bee
n g
lued
to
get
her
.
Sco
ring G
uid
e: T
each
er u
ses
a co
nte
nt
chec
kli
st t
o a
sses
s st
uden
t ab
ilit
y t
o i
den
tify
a p
iece
of
wood m
ade
by p
eople
and d
escr
ibe
how
the
wood w
as m
ade.
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
See
form
ati
ve
pie
ces
ab
ove.
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Form
ativ
e A
sses
smen
t E
vid
ence
:
1.
Wood M
emory
Ass
essm
ent-
This
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
ts a
bil
ity t
o a
bil
ity t
o u
nd
erst
and t
hat
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood h
ave
H - 106
001378
Pa
ge 1
0 o
f 13
iden
tifi
able
char
acte
rist
ic t
hat
set
apar
t fr
om
eac
h o
ther
.
2.
What
is
mad
e fr
om
wood?
This
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
ity t
o d
escr
ibe
(thro
ugh d
raw
ing)
obje
cts
mad
e fr
om
wood.
3.
Gues
s m
y r
ule
! T
his
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
ity t
o i
den
tify
a p
roper
ty o
f w
oo
d a
nd s
ort
by t
hat
pro
per
ty.
4.
Was
it
mad
e b
y n
ature
or
peo
ple
? T
his
ass
essm
ent
mea
sure
s st
uden
t’s
abil
itie
s to
iden
tify
a p
iece
of
wood (
ply
wood o
r par
ticle
boar
d)
mad
e b
y p
eople
and d
escr
ibe
how
th
e w
oo
d w
as m
ade.
Stu
den
t S
elf-
Ass
essm
ent
an
d R
efle
ctio
n
Pre
and P
ost
ques
tions:
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
-Par
t 1:
Wher
e does
wood c
om
e fr
om
? H
ow
do w
ood s
ample
s dif
fer?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
-Par
t 2:
What
is
mad
e of
Wood?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
-Par
t 3:
What
hap
pen
s w
hen
woo
d g
ets
wet
?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
-Par
t 4:
How
can
you s
ink w
ood?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
-Par
t 5:
Do a
ll k
inds
of
wood t
ake
the
sam
e num
ber
of
pap
er c
lips
to s
ink?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
-Par
t 1:
How
can
the
shap
e of
woo
d b
e ch
anged
?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
-Par
t 2:
How
are
wood s
hav
ings
and s
awdust
dif
fere
nt?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
-Par
t 3:
How
is
par
ticl
ebo
ard m
ade?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
-Par
t 4:
How
is
Ply
wood m
ade?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 3
-Par
t 1:
How
are
pap
ers
dif
fere
nt?
W
hat
is
mad
e of
pap
er?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 3
-Par
t 2:
Are
all
pap
ers
goo
d t
o w
rite
/dra
w o
n?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 3
-Par
t 3:
Do a
ll p
aper
s fo
ld e
asil
y?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 3
-Par
t 4:
What
hap
pen
s w
hen
pap
er g
ets
wet
?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 4
-Par
t 1:
How
can
new
pap
er b
e m
ade
from
old
?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 4
-Par
t 2:
How
can
pap
er b
e ch
anged
so i
t w
ill
be
stif
f an
d h
old
its
shap
e?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
-Par
t 1:
How
are
pap
er b
ox
es m
ade?
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
-Par
t 2:
Can
we
use
pap
er t
o w
eav
e? H
ow
can
pap
er b
e w
oven
?
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
H - 107
001379
Pa
ge 1
1 o
f 13
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
: G
etti
ng t
o K
now
Wood
Stu
den
ts g
ain e
xper
ience
wit
h a
co
mm
on m
ater
ial,
wood, an
d o
bse
rve
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood. S
tuden
ts c
om
par
e p
roper
ties
of
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood f
ound i
n t
he
clas
sroom
en
vir
onm
ent
and c
om
munic
ate
obse
rvat
ions
mad
e ab
out
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood.
They
lea
rn t
hat
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
wood c
om
e fr
om
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
tree
s; s
om
e kin
ds
of
wood a
re p
roce
ssed
and t
ransf
orm
ed b
y
peo
ple
. S
tuden
ts o
bse
rve
how
wood i
nte
ract
s w
ith w
ater
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
: C
han
gin
g W
ood
Stu
den
ts t
ransf
orm
the
shap
e of
wood u
sin
g s
andp
aper
, cr
eate
par
ticl
eboar
d f
rom
saw
du
st a
nd w
ood s
hav
ings
and c
om
par
e it
to
com
mer
cial
par
ticl
eboar
d. S
tuden
ts c
reat
e ply
wo
od f
rom
thin
pie
ces
of
wood a
nd c
om
par
e it
to c
om
mer
cial
ply
wood. T
hey e
xplo
re
the
tech
nolo
gy o
f m
akin
g w
ood p
roduct
s.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 3
: G
etti
ng t
o K
now
Pap
er
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
pro
per
ties
of
sever
al d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pap
er, la
bel
the
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
pap
ers
fou
nd i
n t
he
school
envir
on
men
t,
and c
om
par
e dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
pap
er a
s th
ey a
re c
ut
or
torn
. S
tuden
ts d
eter
min
e th
e use
fuln
ess
of
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
pap
er f
or
wri
ting
and d
raw
ing,
com
par
e an
d c
om
munic
ate
the
num
ber
of
tim
es d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pap
er c
an b
e fo
lded
in h
alf
and h
ow
pap
er i
nte
racts
wit
h w
ater
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 4
: C
han
gin
g P
aper
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
how
pap
er p
roduct
s ch
ange
when
soak
ed i
n w
ater
, use
a t
echniq
ue
to m
ake
a sm
all
pie
ce o
f re
cycl
ed p
aper
, an
d u
se
pap
er-m
ache’
tec
hniq
ue
to m
ake
pap
er s
tiff
and h
old
its
shap
e.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
: C
onst
ruct
ions
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
how
pap
er c
onta
iner
s ar
e co
nst
ruct
ed b
y t
akin
g t
hem
apar
t an
d r
eass
embli
ng t
hem
. S
tuden
ts w
eave
pap
er t
o m
ake
a pap
er m
at, th
ey a
ssem
ble
pap
er a
nd w
ood i
nto
scu
lptu
res
and u
se t
hei
r k
now
ledge
of
the
pro
per
ties
of
pap
er a
nd w
ood t
o c
reate
use
ful
and o
r es
thet
ic m
ater
ials
.
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
esou
rces
bes
t su
pp
ort
th
is u
nit
?
ww
w.u
nit
edst
ream
ing.c
om
ww
w.f
oss
web
.com
Th
e F
OS
S W
ood a
nd P
aper
Mod
el
o
Wh
at
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
un
it c
an
you
off
er a
bou
t li
kel
y r
ou
gh
sp
ots
/stu
den
t m
isu
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d p
erfo
rman
ce
H - 108
001380
Pa
ge 1
2 o
f 13
wea
kn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rou
ble
sho
ot
those
iss
ues
?
Wo
rd W
all-
ob
ject
id
enti
fica
tio
n
Sen
tence
sta
rter
s in
corp
ora
ting n
ew
vo
cab
ula
ry
As
stud
ents
en
gag
e in
scie
nce
act
ivit
ies,
rec
ord
thei
r d
isco
ver
ies
and
ob
serv
atio
ns
by w
riti
ng s
ingle
wo
rds
and
sho
rt p
hra
ses
on t
he
pap
er. T
his
hel
ps
stud
ents
mak
e th
e co
nnec
tio
n b
etw
een s
po
ken l
ang
uag
e and
pri
nte
d l
ang
uage.
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips
1. A
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
, par
t 2-H
om
ewo
rk i
dea
. H
ave
studen
ts d
raw
a w
ood p
roduct
fro
m h
om
e an
d w
rite
a s
ente
nce
about
its
funct
ion a
nd
use
.
2. A
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
, par
t 2
- B
rin
g i
n d
iffe
rent
types
of
wood f
or
studen
ts t
o e
xplo
re (
i.e.
Wal
nut,
cher
ry, lo
cust
, o
ak, hic
ko
ry).
3. A
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 1
, par
t 2
-Gues
t S
pea
ker
-Inv
ite
a co
nst
ruct
ion/w
ood w
ork
er i
n t
o s
how
dif
fere
nt
tools
they
use
for
buil
din
g i
n t
hei
r
trad
e.
4. A
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
, P
art
1-B
rin
g i
n d
iffe
rent
gra
des
of
sand p
aper
so s
tuden
ts c
an s
ee h
ow
they r
eact
to t
he
wood
and t
hen
try
th
e sa
nd
pap
er w
ith d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
wood .
5. A
fter
Inv
esti
gat
ion 2
, P
art
4-A
noth
er w
ay t
o s
how
san
dw
ich w
ood, st
ud
ents
can
tak
e gra
ham
cra
cker
s an
d m
arsh
mal
low
flu
ff a
nd l
ayer
it.
6. I
nv
esti
gat
ion 2
, P
art
1-
Inst
ead o
f ju
st m
akin
g p
aper
ex
actl
y f
rom
the
man
ual
, te
acher
s ca
n u
se c
ookie
mold
s to
mak
e hom
emad
e pap
er.
Stu
den
ts r
ecycl
e p
aper
to
wel
s, a
nd p
lace
in a
ble
nder
. A
dd e
nou
gh w
ater
so t
he
pap
er t
ow
els
bec
om
e a
pulp
mix
ture
. P
ress
the
pulp
mix
ture
into
the
cookie
mold
s. H
ave
studen
ts p
ress
out
the
exce
ss w
ater
out
of
the
mold
. Y
ou c
an d
ry n
atura
lly o
r pla
ce i
n a
mic
row
ave
for
about
1
min
ute
. Y
ou c
an a
dd t
extu
re (
Sen
ses
kit
) w
ith f
low
ers
and h
erbs,
nat
ura
l d
yes
or
food c
olo
rin
g. Y
ou c
an a
dd c
onst
ruct
ion p
aper
to a
dd a
dif
fere
nt
tex
ture
and c
olo
r.
7. I
nv
esti
gat
ion 2
, P
art
2-S
ubst
itute
new
spap
er w
ith t
issu
e pap
er o
r co
lorf
ul
pri
nte
d p
aper
nap
kin
s (n
o l
ight
colo
rs o
r re
d)
to m
ake p
apie
r-
mâc
hé.
Als
o,
you c
an p
urc
has
e or
coll
ect
“cool
wh
ip”
type
conta
iner
s, s
o t
he
studen
ts c
ould
kee
p t
he
pap
ier-
mâc
hé
the
on t
he
conta
iner
s.
Aft
er t
hey d
ry,
inver
t an
d p
lant
a fl
ow
er. T
his
mak
es a
gre
at p
rese
nt
for
som
eone!
8. I
nv
esti
gat
ion 5
, P
art
2-
Stu
den
ts c
an m
ake
spri
ng b
ask
ets
inst
ead o
f ju
st m
akin
g m
ats.
9. A
sses
smen
t #2
- In
stea
d o
f hav
ing s
tuden
ts d
raw
pic
ture
s of
obje
cts
fro
m w
ood, cu
t pic
ture
s of
wood a
nd o
ther
obje
cts
from
mag
azin
es
for
studen
ts t
o s
elec
t ap
pro
pri
ate
choose
s.
H - 109
001381
Pa
ge 1
3 o
f 13
10. E
xte
nsi
on:
Hav
e st
uden
ts s
et u
p e
xper
imen
tal
des
igns
wh
ere
they m
igh
t ex
tend t
he
pro
per
ties
of
wood. (i
.e. H
ardnes
s, p
laci
ng a
nai
l
into
the
wood,
dif
fere
nt
use
s of
wood, w
ater
abso
rpti
on)
H - 110
001382
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coa
liti
on
Gra
de
1 O
rga
nis
ms
Un
it T
emp
late
Cop
yrig
ht
2008
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on
1
H - 111
001383
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 2
of
13
C
ha
rte
r S
ch
oo
l U
nit
Mo
dif
ica
tio
n
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
re
new
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ve
r le
tter
fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
esti
on
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o a
ssis
t m
emb
ers
of
the
Del
aw
are
De
pa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
eme
nt
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
Wh
y w
as
this
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n s
elec
ted
as
pa
rt o
f y
ou
r sc
ho
ols
’ cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed a
s p
art
of
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
bec
au
se t
hey
are
a p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n a
nd
th
is u
nit
en
ga
ges
stu
den
ts i
n a
n e
xp
lora
tio
n o
f th
e w
orl
d a
rou
nd
th
em a
nd
all
ow
s th
em t
o u
nd
erst
an
d
the
rela
tio
nsh
ip b
etw
een
an
org
an
ism
an
d i
ts h
ab
ita
t. T
hey
rec
eiv
e h
an
ds
on
, in
cla
ssro
om
ex
per
ien
ces
wit
h a
n a
qu
ari
um
an
d
a t
erra
riu
m t
ha
t a
llo
ws
them
to
in
ves
tig
ate
ch
an
ges
in
ha
bit
ats
ov
er t
ime.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
,
so t
he
nee
ds
of
all
lea
rne
rs c
an
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tra
inin
g s
o t
hey
are
co
nfi
den
t in
thei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le t
o
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
.
H - 112
001384
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 3
of
13
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. It
is
by
no m
ean
s in
ten
ded
to
be
incl
usi
ve;
rath
er
it i
s m
ea
nt
to b
e a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r te
ach
er t
ho
ug
ht
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e U
nd
erst
an
din
g b
y D
esi
gn
fra
mew
ork
an
d p
hil
oso
ph
y.
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
Th
is u
nit
is
a s
tud
y o
f co
mp
ari
son
s b
etw
een
pla
nts
an
d a
nim
als
an
d t
hei
r b
asi
c n
eed
s fo
r su
rviv
al
wit
hin
ter
rari
um
an
d a
qu
ari
um
ha
bit
ats
. S
tud
ents
ob
serv
e org
an
ism
s w
ith
in t
hei
r h
ab
itats
to d
eter
min
e ch
an
ges
ov
er t
ime.
Del
aw
are
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s a
nd
Grad
e L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1, 6,7
, an
d 8
fou
nd
on
the
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_are
as/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1-
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nder
stan
din
g a
nd A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
whet
her
conduct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
involv
e as
kin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l
worl
d.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Gen
erat
e qu
esti
ons
and p
redic
tions
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
3.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
obse
rvat
ions
and d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce. S
cien
tist
s use
tools
to e
nhan
ce
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o o
bta
in m
ore
evid
ence
.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Coll
ect
dat
a u
sing o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
eco
rd d
ata
in t
able
s, c
har
ts, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
Com
par
e dat
a w
ith o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
4.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tist
s use
obse
rvat
ions
from
inv
esti
gat
ions
and k
now
ledge
that
is
alre
ady k
now
n t
o d
evel
op a
n e
xpla
nat
ion.
•
Be
able
to:
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ion
al d
ata.
R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew
evid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m o
ther
res
ou
rces
or
from
furt
her
inv
esti
gat
ion.
5.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to s
har
e ev
iden
ce a
nd c
oncl
usi
ons.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigat
ions
to o
ther
s.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Sh
are
sim
ple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and j
ust
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion.
6.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mpo
rtan
t in
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
H - 113
001385
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 4
of
13
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g,
wri
tin
g, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g a
n i
nv
esti
gat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
Sta
nd
ard
6:
Lif
e P
roce
sses
S
truct
ure
/Funct
ion R
elat
ionsh
ip
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Pla
nts
and a
nim
als
are
sim
ilar
to a
nd d
iffe
rent
from
eac
h o
ther
in o
bse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s an
d b
ehav
ior.
T
hes
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s
dis
tin
guis
h t
hem
fro
m e
ach o
ther
and f
rom
nonli
vin
g t
hin
gs.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• S
elec
t th
e han
d l
ens
as a
n a
ppro
pri
ate
inst
rum
ent
for
obse
rvin
g t
he
stru
cture
of
aquat
ic a
nd t
erre
stri
al o
rgan
ism
s in
gre
ater
det
ail.
• O
bse
rve
indiv
idu
als
of
the
sam
e pla
nt
or
anim
al g
roup. D
escr
ibe
ph
ysi
cal
dif
fere
nce
s (e
.g., s
ize,
colo
r, s
hap
e, m
arkin
gs)
.
2.
Eac
h p
lant
or
anim
al h
as d
iffe
rent
stru
cture
s th
at s
erve
dif
fere
nt
fun
ctio
ns
in g
row
th, su
rviv
al a
nd r
epro
du
ctio
n.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy a
nd d
escr
ibe
stru
cture
s of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
that
hel
p t
hem
su
rviv
e in
aquat
ic a
nd t
erre
stri
al e
nvir
onm
ents
.
• S
ort
and g
roup p
lants
an
d a
nim
als
bas
ed o
n t
he
stru
cture
s th
at e
nab
le t
hem
to f
un
ctio
n i
n t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., a
nim
als
that
hav
e fi
ns
for
swim
min
g v
ersu
s an
imal
s th
at h
ave
legs
for
mov
emen
t on l
and).
• C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
obse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s o
f hum
ans
to t
hose
of
oth
er a
nim
als
and p
lants
. R
eco
rd a
nd c
om
munic
ate
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
in t
hei
r st
ruct
ure
s.
Mat
ter
and E
ner
gy T
ransf
orm
atio
ns
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. P
lants
and a
nim
als
are
livin
g t
hin
gs.
A
ll l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
in
cludin
g a
ir, w
ater
, fo
od
(nutr
ients
), s
pac
e,
shel
ter,
and l
ight.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• O
bse
rve
a var
iety
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
and i
den
tify
bas
ic n
eeds
that
are
co
mm
on t
o p
lants
or
anim
als
of
the
sam
e gro
up, su
ch
as f
ood, w
ater
, ai
r, s
hel
ter,
sp
ace
and l
ight.
2.
In a
ddit
ion t
o b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
, li
vin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e nee
ds
spec
ific
to t
he
org
anis
m s
uch
as
tem
per
ature
ran
ge
and f
oo
d
requir
emen
ts.
Reg
ula
tion a
nd B
ehav
ior
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
that
:
1. S
ense
s h
elp h
um
ans
and o
ther
org
anis
ms
det
ect
inte
rnal
and e
xte
rnal
cu
es.
H - 114
001386
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 5
of
13
Lif
e P
roce
sses
and T
ech
nolo
gy A
ppli
cati
on
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
2.
The
abil
ity o
f an
org
anis
m t
o m
eet
its
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
is
dep
enden
t up
on i
ts e
nvir
onm
ent.
M
anip
ula
tion o
f th
e en
vir
onm
ent
can
posi
tiv
ely o
r neg
ativ
ely a
ffec
t th
e w
ell
bei
ng o
f v
ario
us
org
anis
ms
that
liv
e th
ere.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• D
esig
n t
erre
stri
al a
nd a
qu
atic
hab
itat
s th
at p
rovid
e hea
lth
y e
nvir
onm
ents
for
the
pla
nt
and a
nim
al i
nh
abit
ants
.
• P
ropose
chan
ges
to
an a
quat
ic o
r te
rres
tria
l h
abit
at t
hat
in
crea
se t
he
hea
lth o
f org
anis
ms
(i.e
., m
ois
ten
the
soil
in a
ter
rari
um
,
add w
ater
to a
n a
quar
ium
).
Sta
nd
ard
7:
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Con
tin
uit
y o
f L
ife
Rep
rodu
ctio
n,
Her
edit
y a
nd D
evel
opm
ent
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
The
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
rese
mble
the
par
ents
(i.
e., a
tree
see
dli
ng r
esem
ble
s a
mat
ure
tre
e).
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• D
escr
ibe
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
bet
wee
n p
aren
ts a
nd o
ffsp
rin
g, su
ch a
s si
ze a
nd c
olo
r.
3.
All
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
go t
hro
ugh a
lif
e cycl
e of
bir
th,
gro
wth
, d
evel
opm
ent,
rep
roduct
ion,
and d
eath
. T
his
cyc
le i
s p
redic
table
and
des
crib
able
, but
dif
fers
fro
m o
rgan
ism
to o
rgan
ism
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at o
rgan
ism
s ch
ange
ov
er t
ime.
R
ecord
and c
om
munic
ate
chan
ges
obse
rved
in l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
ov
er t
ime.
• C
onst
ruct
, th
rough t
he
use
of
pic
tori
als,
the
life
cycl
e of
guppie
s.
Des
crib
e th
e gupp
y i
n d
iffe
rent
stag
es o
f it
s li
fe c
ycl
e.
Div
ersi
ty a
nd E
volu
tion
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
1. M
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
an
d a
nim
als
live
thro
ughout
the
worl
d. T
hes
e pla
nts
and a
nim
als
can b
e gro
uped
acc
ord
ing t
o t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
they s
har
e.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
her
e ar
e m
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
in t
he
worl
d. S
ort
ter
rest
rial
an
imal
s fr
om
aquat
ic
anim
als.
Id
enti
fy t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
use
d t
o s
epar
ate
the
terr
estr
ial
from
aq
uat
ic a
nim
als.
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at s
om
e pla
nts
and a
nim
als
are
mai
nta
ined
in a
rtif
icia
l en
vir
on
men
ts t
o m
eet
hum
an w
ants
and n
eeds
(i.e
.,
scie
nti
fic
stud
y, e
duca
tio
n,
food).
Sta
nd
ard
8:
Eco
logy
Inte
ract
ions
wit
hin
the
Envir
onm
ent
H - 115
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 5
of
13
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
An i
nte
rconnec
tednes
s ex
ists
am
ong t
he
livin
g a
nd n
onli
vin
g p
arts
of
an e
nvir
onm
ent.
T
his
inte
rconnec
tedn
ess
can b
e obse
rved
by
the
chan
ges
mad
e b
y p
lants
and a
nim
als
in t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy a
nd d
escr
ibe
the
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
in a
n a
qu
atic
or
terr
estr
ial
envir
onm
ent.
R
ecogniz
e th
at l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
coex
ist
in t
hes
e en
vir
onm
ents
.
• D
escr
ibe
ho
w a
quat
ic p
lants
and a
nim
als
inte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., f
ish u
se p
lants
for
food a
nd
shel
ter)
.
• D
escr
ibe
ho
w t
erre
stri
al p
lants
and a
nim
als
inte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., m
illi
ped
es e
at d
ecayi
ng b
ark
).
2. P
lants
and a
nim
als
nee
d e
nou
gh s
pac
e an
d r
eso
urc
es t
o s
urv
ive.
O
ver
crow
din
g l
eads
to a
n i
ncr
ease
d n
eed f
or
reso
urc
es.
Ener
gy F
low
and M
ater
ial
Cycl
es i
n t
he
Env
iron
men
t
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. A
ll a
nim
als
dep
end o
n p
lants
. S
om
e an
imal
s ea
t pla
nts
for
food. O
ther
anim
als
eat
anim
als
that
hav
e ea
ten p
lants
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at e
ner
gy n
eeded
by a
ll l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
ori
gin
ates
fro
m t
he
Sun.
• Id
enti
fy a
nd g
ive
exam
ple
s sh
ow
ing t
hat
anim
als
eat
pla
nts
or
oth
er a
nim
als
for
ener
gy, an
d t
hat
pla
nts
get
en
erg
y f
rom
the
Sun.
Big
Id
eas
Obse
rvat
ion o
f li
vin
g o
rgan
ism
s an
d t
hei
r in
tera
ctio
ns
wit
h t
hei
r hab
itat
Chan
ge
of
hab
itat
and l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s ov
er t
ime
Obse
rvat
ions
of
the
stru
cture
s of
livin
g o
rgan
ism
s an
d h
ow
they f
un
ctio
n i
n t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ents
Stu
dy o
f L
ife
Cycl
es o
f p
lants
and a
nim
als
in a
ter
rari
um
and a
qu
ariu
m h
abit
at
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
und
erst
and
that…
L
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s h
ave
bas
ic n
eeds
for
surv
ival
E
ach p
lant
or
anim
al h
as d
iffe
rent
stru
cture
s th
at h
ave
dif
fere
nt
fun
ctio
ns
that
in
flu
ence
thei
r gro
wth
and s
urv
ival
.
H - 116
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Copyri
gh
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 6
of
13
P
lants
and a
nim
als
hav
e li
fe c
ycl
es t
hat
dif
fer
from
org
anis
m t
o o
rgan
ism
.
A
ll o
rgan
ism
ch
ange
the
envir
onm
ent
wher
e th
ey l
ive,
som
e ch
anges
are
har
mfu
l an
d s
om
e ar
e b
enef
icia
l.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
How
do o
rgan
ism’s
str
uct
ure
s h
elp t
hem
su
rviv
e in
th
eir
envir
onm
ent?
How
do o
rgan
ism
s ch
ange
thei
r en
vir
onm
ent
ov
er t
ime?
What
do l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s n
eed f
or
surv
ival
?
What
are
the
stag
es t
hat
liv
ing o
rgan
ism
s go t
hro
ugh i
n t
hei
r li
fe c
ycl
es?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Know
led
ge:
•
how
to u
se t
hei
r se
nse
s to
obse
rve
livin
g o
rgan
ism
s.
•
that
org
anis
ms
hav
e bas
ic n
eeds
for
surv
ival
.
•
org
anis
ms
go t
hro
ugh a
lif
e cycl
e th
at i
ncl
ud
es, bir
th,
gro
wth
and d
eath
•
fres
hw
ater
and w
oodla
nd p
lants
hav
e si
mil
ar n
eeds
(nutr
ients
, w
ater
, su
nli
ght,
sp
ace
and
air
).
•
fres
hw
ater
and w
oodla
nd a
nim
als
hav
e si
mil
ar n
eeds
(food, w
ater
, sp
ace,
sh
elte
r, a
nd a
ir).
•
that
hum
ans
are
sim
ilar
to m
any o
ther
org
anis
ms
in r
egar
ds
to n
eeds
and l
ife
cycl
e.
Skil
l:
•
Gen
erat
e ques
tions
and p
redic
tion
s usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
•
Gen
erat
e an
d f
oll
ow
sim
ple
pla
ns
usi
ng s
yst
emat
ic o
bse
rvat
ions
to e
xplo
re q
ues
tions
and p
redic
tio
ns.
•
Coll
ect
dat
a usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
ecord
dat
a in
tab
les,
ch
arts
, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
•
Com
par
e dat
a w
ith o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
•
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzin
g o
bse
rvat
ion
al d
ata.
R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew e
vid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m o
ther
res
ou
rces
or
from
furt
her
inv
esti
gat
ion.
•
Shar
e si
mple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and j
ust
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion.
H - 117
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 7
of
13
•
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
conduct
ing a
n i
nves
tigat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
•
Sel
ect
the
han
d l
ens
as a
n a
ppro
pri
ate
inst
rum
ent
for
obse
rvin
g t
he
stru
ctu
re o
f aq
uat
ic a
nd t
erre
stri
al o
rgan
ism
s in
gre
ater
det
ail.
•
Obse
rve
indiv
idu
als
of
the
sam
e pla
nt
or
anim
al g
roup. D
escr
ibe
ph
ysic
al d
iffe
ren
ces
(e.g
., s
ize,
colo
r, s
hap
e, m
arkin
gs)
.
•
Iden
tify
and d
escr
ibe
stru
cture
s of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
that
hel
p t
hem
su
rviv
e in
aquat
ic a
nd t
erre
stri
al e
nvir
onm
ents
.
•
Sort
and g
roup p
lants
an
d a
nim
als
bas
ed o
n t
he
stru
ctu
res
that
en
able
th
em t
o f
unct
ion i
n t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., a
nim
als
that
hav
e
fins
for
swim
min
g v
ersu
s an
imal
s th
at h
ave
legs
for
mov
emen
t on l
and
).
•
Com
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
obse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s o
f hum
ans
to t
hose
of
oth
er a
nim
als
and p
lants
. R
ecord
an
d c
om
munic
ate
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
in t
hei
r st
ruct
ure
s.
•
Obse
rve
a var
iety
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
and i
den
tify
bas
ic n
eeds
that
are
co
mm
on t
o p
lants
or
anim
als
of
the
sam
e gro
up, su
ch a
s
food, w
ater
, ai
r, s
hel
ter,
spac
e an
d l
ight.
•
Des
ign t
erre
stri
al a
nd a
quat
ic h
abit
ats
that
pro
vid
e hea
lth
y e
nvir
onm
ents
for
the
pla
nt
and a
nim
al i
nhab
itan
ts.
•
Pro
pose
chan
ges
to
an a
quat
ic o
r te
rres
tria
l h
abit
at t
hat
in
crea
se t
he
hea
lth o
f org
anis
ms
(i.e
., m
ois
ten t
he
soil
in a
ter
rari
um
, ad
d
wat
er t
o a
n a
quar
ium
).
•
Rec
ogn
ize
that
org
anis
ms
chan
ge
over
tim
e. R
ecord
and c
om
munic
ate
chan
ges
obse
rved
in l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
ov
er t
ime.
•
Const
ruct
, th
rough t
he
use
of
pic
tori
als,
the
life
cycl
e of
guppie
s.
Des
crib
e th
e gupp
y i
n d
iffe
rent
stag
es o
f it
s li
fe c
ycle
.
•
Des
crib
e si
mil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
ren
ces
bet
wee
n p
aren
ts a
nd o
ffsp
rin
g, su
ch a
s si
ze a
nd c
olo
r.
•
Rec
ogn
ize
that
th
ere
are
man
y d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
in t
he
worl
d. S
ort
ter
rest
rial
anim
als
from
aquat
ic a
nim
als.
Iden
tify
th
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s use
d t
o s
epar
ate
the
terr
estr
ial
from
aqu
atic
anim
als.
•
Rec
ogn
ize
that
som
e pla
nts
and a
nim
als
are
mai
nta
ined
in a
rtif
icia
l en
vir
onm
ents
to m
eet
hum
an w
ants
and n
eeds
(i.e
., s
cien
tifi
c
stu
dy,
edu
cati
on,
food).
•
Iden
tify
and d
escr
ibe
the
dif
fere
nt
kin
ds
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
in a
n a
qu
atic
or
terr
estr
ial
envir
onm
ent.
R
ecogniz
e th
at l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
coex
ist
in t
hes
e en
vir
onm
ents
.
•
Des
crib
e ho
w a
quat
ic p
lants
and a
nim
als
inte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., f
ish u
se p
lants
for
food a
nd s
hel
ter)
.
•
Des
crib
e ho
w t
erre
stri
al p
lants
and a
nim
als
inte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
(e.g
., m
illi
ped
es e
at d
ecayin
g b
ark
).
•
Rec
ogn
ize
that
en
erg
y n
eeded
by a
ll l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
ori
gin
ates
fro
m t
he
Sun.
•
Iden
tify
and g
ive
exam
ple
s sh
ow
ing t
hat
anim
als
eat
pla
nts
or
oth
er a
nim
als
for
ener
gy, an
d t
hat
pla
nts
get
en
erg
y f
rom
the
Sun.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(D
esig
n A
ssess
men
ts T
o G
uid
e I
nst
ru
cti
on
)
Su
gges
ted
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
(s)
H - 118
001390
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 8
of
13
Org
an
ism
s ass
essm
ent
for
Gra
de
On
e ca
n b
e fo
un
d a
t
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
ass
ess/
def
au
lt.s
htm
l
Key
Tra
nsf
er I
dea
s
1. T
her
e is
a w
ide
vari
ety o
f li
vin
g t
hin
gs
on
Eart
h t
hat
have
basi
c n
eed
s su
ch a
s fo
od
, li
gh
t, w
ate
r, a
ir, sp
ace
, an
d s
hel
ter.
2. O
rgan
ism
s g
row
an
d d
evel
op
, ch
an
ge,
an
d d
ie o
ver
tim
e.
3. E
ach
typ
e of
org
an
ism
s h
as
spec
ific
nee
ds
such
as
typ
e of
food
, am
ou
nt
of
wate
r, a
mou
nt
of
ligh
t, a
mou
nt
of
space
, an
d t
yp
e
of
shel
ter.
4. H
um
an
s a
re a
lso s
imil
ar
to o
ther
org
an
ism
s p
erfo
rmin
g s
imil
ar
life
pro
cess
es f
or
exa
mp
le, g
row
th a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent,
mo
tio
n,
dig
esti
on
, ex
cret
ion
, re
spir
ati
on
, a
nd
rep
rod
uct
ion
.
Stu
den
ts a
re e
xp
ecte
d t
o:
• O
bse
rve
a t
erra
riu
m a
nd
dra
w a
pic
ture
of
it, la
bel
ing t
he
livin
g o
rgan
ism
s.
• Id
enti
fy n
on
-liv
ing c
om
pon
ents
of
the
terr
ari
um
.
• O
bse
rve
an
d r
elate
ch
an
ges
to a
ter
rari
um
over
tim
e.
• Id
enti
fy b
asi
c n
eed
s of
org
an
ism
s in
th
e te
rra
riu
m.
• D
isti
ngu
ish
bet
wee
n l
ivin
g a
nd
non
-liv
ing t
hin
gs.
• S
equ
ence
pic
ture
s of
the
life
cycl
e of
a p
lan
t fr
om
see
d t
o m
atu
re p
lan
t.
• C
om
pare
hu
man
s w
ith
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s in
ter
ms
of
basi
c n
eed
s a
nd
fu
nct
ion
s.
• R
ecogn
ize
the
chara
cte
rist
ics
of
a l
ivin
g p
lan
t.
• R
elate
th
at
org
an
ism
s h
ave
spec
ific
nee
ds
to s
urv
ive.
• D
escr
ibe
the c
han
ge
to o
rga
nis
ms
if t
her
e w
ere n
o s
un
ligh
t.
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
Org
an
ism
s ass
essm
ent
for
Gra
de
On
e ca
n b
e fo
un
d a
t
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
ass
ess/
def
au
lt.s
htm
l
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Fo
rm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
ent
#1 (
adm
inis
ter
afte
r L
esso
n 4
):
Use
one
of
the
pla
nts
fro
m L
esso
n 2
and a
noth
er p
lant
of
you
r ch
oic
e. T
ell
stud
ents
to c
om
ple
te t
he
Ven
n D
iagra
m b
y t
elli
ng h
ow
the
two
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 9
of
13
pla
nts
are
ali
ke
and d
iffe
rent.
(*Y
ou m
ay r
ead t
he
ques
tions
to t
he
clas
s.)
Sco
rin
g G
uid
e:
2-
Stu
den
t co
mple
tes
Ven
n D
iagra
m w
ith
4 w
ays
the
two p
lants
are
ali
ke
AN
D 4
ways
th
ey a
re d
iffe
rent.
(e.
g. li
ken
esse
s m
ight
be,
gre
en,
has
ste
m, le
aves
, gro
ws,
nee
d a
ir,
etc.
; dif
fere
nce
s w
ould
dep
end o
n t
he
two p
lants
.
1 –
Stu
den
t par
tial
ly c
om
ple
tes
dia
gra
m w
ith 6
-4 l
iken
esse
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces.
0 –
Stu
den
t giv
es l
ess
than
4 c
om
par
isons.
Fo
rm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
ent
#2 (
adm
inis
ter
afte
r L
esso
n 7
):
Focu
s st
ud
ents’
atte
nti
on
on a
ter
rari
um
. R
ead t
he
ques
tion a
nd s
tud
ents
lis
t 1 l
ivin
g a
nd 1
non-l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
. R
epea
t p
roce
dure
for
#2.
Sco
rin
g G
uid
e:
2 –
Stu
den
t giv
es c
orr
ect
resp
onse
s.
1-
Stu
den
t giv
es o
nly
1 c
orr
ect
resp
onse
.
0 –
Stu
den
t fa
ils
to g
ive
a co
rrec
t re
sponse
.
Fo
rm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
ent
#3 (
adm
inis
ter
afte
r L
esso
n 1
2)
Pla
ce a
ter
rari
um
in a
pro
min
ent
pla
ce i
n t
he
clas
sroom
. R
ead t
he
ques
tions
mak
ing s
ure
chil
dre
n u
nder
stan
d t
hey a
re t
o t
hin
k o
f how
the
terr
ariu
m h
as c
han
ged
sin
ce t
hey f
irst
mad
e it
. R
epea
t p
roce
dure
usi
ng a
n a
quar
ium
for
ques
tion #
2.
S
cori
ng G
uid
e:
2-
Stu
den
ts g
ive
corr
ect
resp
onse
s fo
r te
rrar
ium
an
d a
quar
ium
.
1-
Stu
den
ts g
ive
at l
east
1 c
orr
ect
chan
ge
for
the
terr
ariu
m a
nd t
he
aqu
ariu
m.
0-
Res
ponse
s ar
e in
corr
ect.
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
0 o
f 13
Res
ou
rce:
ST
C O
rgan
ism
s, N
atio
nal
Sci
ence
Res
ourc
e C
ente
r, W
ashin
gto
n D
C
Les
son
1:
Pre
-un
it A
ssess
men
t: S
hari
ng W
hat
We
Kn
ow
Ab
ou
t O
rgan
ism
s
Stu
den
ts m
ak
e a l
ist
ab
ou
t w
hat
they
kn
ow
ab
ou
t li
vin
g o
rgan
ism
s a
nd
wh
at
they
nee
d t
o s
urv
ive.
Les
son
2:
Ob
serv
ing a
nd
Des
crib
ing S
eed
s
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d c
om
pa
re f
ou
r d
iffe
ren
t se
eds.
Les
son
3:
Pla
nti
ng O
ur
See
ds
Stu
den
ts p
lan
t th
e se
eds
that
they
ob
serv
ed i
n L
esso
n 2
.
Les
son
4:
Ob
serv
ing W
ood
lan
d P
lan
ts
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d c
om
pa
re m
oss
an
d a
n e
ver
gre
en s
eed
lin
g, w
hic
h a
re e
ven
tuall
y p
lace
d i
nto
th
eir
terr
ari
um
s.
L
esso
n 5
: O
bse
rvin
g F
resh
Wate
r P
lan
ts
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d c
om
pa
re f
resh
wa
ter
pla
nts
wh
ich
are
even
tuall
y p
lace
d i
nto
th
eir
aq
uari
um
s.
Les
son
6:
How
Have
Ou
r S
eed
s C
ha
nged
?
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d r
ecord
ch
an
ges
ab
ou
t th
eir
pla
nte
d s
eed
s.
Les
son
7:
Ob
serv
ing F
resh
Wate
r S
nail
s
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d d
escr
ibe
the
stru
ctu
res
of
the
fres
h w
ate
r sn
ail
s an
d o
bse
rve
the
inte
ract
ion
s b
etw
een
th
e sn
ail
an
d i
ts
envir
on
men
t.
Les
son
8:
Ob
serv
ing G
up
pie
s: H
ow
Do T
hey
Com
pa
re W
ith
th
e S
nail
s?
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d d
escr
ibe
the
stru
ctu
res
of
a g
up
py a
nd
ob
serv
e th
e in
tera
ctio
ns
bet
wee
n t
he
gu
pp
y a
nd
its
en
vir
on
men
t.
Les
son
9:
Ob
serv
ing P
ill
Bu
gs
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d d
escr
ibe
the
stru
ctu
res
of
a P
ill
Bu
g a
nd
exp
lore
th
e n
eed
s of
this
la
nd
an
imal.
Les
son
10:
Ob
serv
ing B
ess
Bee
tles
or
Mil
lip
edes
: H
ow
Do T
hey
Com
pare
Wit
h t
he
Pil
l B
ugs?
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d c
om
pa
re t
he
Bes
s B
eetl
e or
Mil
lip
ede
to t
he
oth
er l
an
d a
nim
al,
th
e P
ill
Bu
g, l
oo
kin
g f
or
sim
ilari
ties
an
d
dif
fere
nce
s. T
hes
e are
rec
ord
ed o
n a
Ven
n d
iagra
m.
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Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
1 o
f 13
Les
son
11:
Wh
at
is H
ap
pen
ing i
n t
he
Aq
uari
um
?
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d r
ecord
ch
an
ges
th
at
ha
ve
tak
en p
lace
in
th
eir
aq
uari
um
s, d
iscu
ssin
g t
he
nee
ds
of
the
org
an
ism
s a
nd
how
th
ey
have
bee
n m
et.
L
esso
n 1
2:
Wh
at
is H
ap
pen
ing i
n t
he
Ter
rari
um
?
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d r
ecord
ch
an
ges
th
at
ha
ve
tak
en p
lace
in
th
eir
terr
ari
um
s, d
iscu
ssin
g t
he
nee
ds
of
the
org
an
ism
s a
nd
how
th
ey
have
bee
n m
et.
Les
son
13:
Fre
sh W
ate
r an
d W
ood
lan
d P
lan
ts:
How
Do T
hey
Com
pare
?
Stu
den
ts u
se a
Ven
n d
iagra
m t
o c
om
pa
re t
he
cha
ract
eris
tics
of
fres
hw
ate
r an
d w
ood
lan
d p
lan
ts.
Les
son
14:
Fre
sh W
ate
r an
d W
ood
lan
d A
nim
als
: H
ow
Do T
hey
Co
mp
are
?
Stu
den
ts u
se a
Ven
n d
iagra
m t
o c
om
pa
re t
he
cha
ract
eris
tics
of
fres
hw
ate
r an
d w
ood
lan
d a
nim
als
.
Les
son
15:
How
Are
Ou
r P
lan
ts a
nd
An
imals
Ali
ke
an
d D
iffe
ren
t?
Stu
den
ts u
se a
Ven
n d
iagra
m t
o c
om
pa
re f
resh
wate
r an
d w
ood
lan
d p
lan
ts a
nd
an
imals
. T
his
is
a l
esso
n t
o s
um
mari
ze
cha
ract
eris
tics
ob
serv
ed o
f li
vin
g o
rgan
ism
s th
rou
gh
ou
t th
e u
nit
.
Les
son
16:
Tak
ing a
Look
at
Ou
rsel
ves
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
an
d d
escr
ibe
chara
cter
isti
cs o
f h
um
an
s, a
nd
com
pare t
hei
r ch
ara
cter
isti
cs t
o t
he
pla
nts
an
d a
nim
als
th
at
they
have
ob
serv
ed.
Les
son
17:
ST
C P
ost
Un
it A
sses
smen
t
Stu
den
ts d
raw
a l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
an
d e
xp
lain
wh
at
it n
eed
s to
su
rviv
e.
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
(Co
nsi
der
the
two
quest
ions
bel
ow
wh
en c
om
ple
tin
g t
his
sec
tio
n.)
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
esou
rces
bes
t su
pp
ort
th
is u
nit
?
- S
tori
es i
ncl
ud
ed i
n t
he
Org
anis
ms
Tea
cher’s
Gu
ide
Four
Am
azin
g P
lants
(L
esso
n 1
3)
A C
roco
dil
e C
om
es t
o t
he
Zoo (
Les
son 1
5)
o
Wh
at
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
un
it c
an
you
off
er a
bou
t li
kel
y r
ou
gh
sp
ots
/stu
den
t m
isu
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d p
erfo
rman
ce
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ela
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Dep
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men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
2 o
f 13
wea
kn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rou
ble
shoot
those
iss
ues
?
Les
son
2
Mak
e an
over
hea
d o
f “O
bse
rvin
g a
nd D
escr
ibin
g S
eeds”
. D
o t
he
gre
en s
eed o
bse
rvat
ion t
oget
her
.
Les
son
3
Pla
nt
seed
s on a
Thurs
day
or
Fri
day. G
erm
inat
ion t
akes
about
4 d
ays
.
In t
he
Pla
nti
ng C
ard
Boo
kle
t, a
dd e
xtr
a obse
rvat
ion s
hee
ts f
or
each
pla
nti
ng c
ard.
Les
son
4
It i
s our
sugges
tion t
hat
this
les
son b
e sp
lit
ov
er 2
days.
M
ake
the
terr
ariu
m o
n o
ne
day, an
d d
o o
bse
rvat
ions
on t
he
nex
t.
Stu
den
ts c
an b
uil
d t
he
terr
ariu
ms
wit
h t
each
er g
uid
ance
. M
ake
an o
ver
hea
d o
f re
cord
ing s
hee
t 4
-B. T
each
er a
ssem
ble
s an
ex
ample
terr
ariu
m,
and r
ecord
s ea
ch s
tep o
n t
he
over
hea
d (
dra
ws
gra
vel
, le
af l
itte
r, s
oil
). S
tud
ents
dra
w a
nd l
abel
this
in
form
atio
n o
n t
hei
r co
pie
s of
shee
t 4
-B. S
tud
ents
use
this
tec
hnic
a l d
raw
ing t
o a
ssem
ble
th
eir
ow
n g
rou
p t
erra
rium
s.
The
layo
ut
on t
he
bac
k o
f re
cord
ing s
hee
t 4
-A i
s co
nfu
sing f
or
the
stud
ent.
U
se t
he
bac
k o
f pla
nti
ng c
ard 1
and 2
as
the
bac
k o
f sh
eet
4-A
.
This
wil
l h
elp t
he
stud
ents
tra
ck w
her
e to
conti
nue
wri
ting t
hei
r obse
rvat
ion
s on t
he
bac
k o
f th
e sh
eet.
Les
son
5
Use
sam
e id
eas
list
ed i
n L
esso
n 4
.for
buil
din
g t
he
aquar
ium
s.
Les
son
7
It i
s dif
ficu
lt f
or
the
stud
ents
to a
ctual
ly s
ee t
he
par
ts o
f th
e sn
ail.
S
o m
ake
an o
ver
hea
d a
nd h
ard c
op
y o
f fi
gu
re 7
-1 s
o t
hat
stu
den
ts c
an
label
the
par
ts w
ith t
each
er g
uid
ance
, an
d s
o t
hat
conver
sati
ons
about
stru
cture
/funct
ion c
an t
ake
pla
ce. T
hen
giv
e th
e st
ud
ents
the
snai
l to
obse
rve.
The
layo
ut
of
reco
rdin
g s
hee
t is
confu
sin
g. S
o u
se t
he
idea
s fr
om
les
son 4
.
Les
son
8
Use
fig
ure
8-1
and u
se t
he
sam
e pro
cedure
s d
escr
ibed
in l
esso
n 7
.
Les
son
9
Use
fig
ure
9-1
and u
se s
ame
pro
cedu
res
des
crib
ed i
n l
esso
n 7
.
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
3 o
f 13
R
ecord
ing 9
-A c
an b
e ad
just
ed a
s d
escr
ibed
in
Less
on 4
.
Les
son
10
Use
fig
ure
10
-1 a
nd 1
0-2
as
des
crib
ed i
n l
esso
n 7
.
Les
son
15 a
nd
16
Mak
e V
enn d
iagra
m b
igger
and a
dd l
ines
.
For
obse
rvin
g a
ll o
f th
e d
iffe
rent
org
anis
ms,
red
uce
the
sense
s pic
ture
s fr
om
les
son 1
, to
mak
e a
reco
rdin
g s
hee
ts s
imil
ar t
o f
igure
2-1
. T
his
wil
l re
min
d s
tud
ents
to u
se a
ll o
f th
eir
sen
ses
in t
hei
r obse
rvat
ions.
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips
H - 124
001396
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coa
liti
on
Gra
de
2 I
nse
cts
Un
it T
emp
late
Cop
yrig
ht
2008
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on
1
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 2
of
10
Ch
ar
ter
Sc
ho
ol
Un
it M
od
ific
ati
on
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
re
new
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ve
r le
tter
fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
esti
on
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o a
ssis
t m
emb
ers
of
the
Del
aw
are
De
pa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
eme
nt
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
Wh
y w
as
this
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n s
elec
ted
as
pa
rt o
f y
ou
r sc
ho
ols
’ cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed a
s p
art
of
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
bec
au
se t
hey
are
a p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n a
nd
th
is u
nit
en
ga
ges
stu
den
ts i
n a
n e
xp
lora
tio
n o
f th
e w
orl
d o
f in
sect
s, i
den
tify
ing
asp
ects
of
thei
r li
fe c
ycl
e
an
d t
he
div
ersi
ty t
ha
t ex
ists
am
on
g i
nse
cts.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
,
so t
he
nee
ds
of
all
lea
rne
rs c
an
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tra
inin
g s
o t
hey
are
co
nfi
den
t in
thei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le t
o
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
.
H - 126
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gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 3
of
10
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. It
is
by
no m
ean
s in
ten
ded
to
be
incl
usi
ve;
rath
er
it i
s m
ea
nt
to b
e a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r te
ach
er t
ho
ug
ht
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e U
nd
erst
an
din
g b
y D
esi
gn
fra
mew
ork
an
d p
hil
oso
ph
y.
Un
it S
um
mary
This
un
it p
rovid
es i
nv
esti
gat
ions
that
ex
pan
d s
tud
ent
awar
enes
s of
inse
cts
and t
hei
r div
ersi
ty. A
str
uct
ure
d c
om
par
ison o
f li
fe c
ycl
es a
nd
stag
es o
f m
etam
orp
hosi
s al
low
stu
den
ts t
o i
den
tify
sim
ilar
itie
s in
str
uct
ure
s, g
row
th, su
rviv
al a
nd r
epro
duct
ion a
mong d
iffe
ren
t in
sect
s.
Addit
ion
ally
, st
ud
ents
pro
vid
e fo
r th
e nee
ds
of
the
inse
cts
gen
eral
ly a
nd s
pec
ific
ally
and a
cquir
e th
e nec
essa
ry v
oca
bula
ry a
ssoci
ated
wit
h
inse
ct l
ife.
Del
aw
are
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s a
nd
Grad
e L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1, 3, 5,
an
d 8
fou
nd
on
the
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_are
as/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1-
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nder
stan
din
g a
nd A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
whet
her
conduct
ed b
y s
tud
ents
or
scie
nti
sts,
involv
e as
kin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l
worl
d.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Gen
erat
e qu
esti
ons
and p
redic
tions
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
3.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
obse
rvat
ions
and d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce. S
cien
tist
s use
tools
to e
nhan
ce
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o o
bta
in m
ore
evid
ence
.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Coll
ect
dat
a u
sing o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
eco
rd d
ata
in t
able
s, c
har
ts, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
Com
par
e dat
a w
ith o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
4.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tist
s use
obse
rvat
ions
from
inv
esti
gat
ions
and k
now
ledge
that
is
alre
ady k
now
n t
o d
evel
op a
n e
xpla
nat
ion.
•
Be
able
to:
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ion
al d
ata.
R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew
evid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m o
ther
res
ou
rces
or
from
furt
her
inv
esti
gat
ion.
5.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to s
har
e ev
iden
ce a
nd c
oncl
usi
ons.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
thei
r in
ves
tigat
ions
to o
ther
s.
H - 127
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Copyri
gh
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08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 4
of
10
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Sh
are
sim
ple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and j
ust
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion.
6.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mpo
rtan
t in
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g,
wri
tin
g, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g a
n i
nv
esti
gat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
Sta
nd
ard
6:
Lif
e P
roce
sses
S
truct
ure
/Funct
ion R
elat
ionsh
ip
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Pla
nts
and a
nim
als
are
sim
ilar
to a
nd d
iffe
rent
from
eac
h o
ther
in o
bse
rvab
le s
truct
ure
s an
d b
ehav
ior.
T
hes
e ch
arac
teri
stic
s
dis
tin
guis
h t
hem
fr o
m e
ach o
ther
and f
rom
nonli
vin
g t
hin
gs.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy a
nd d
escr
ibe
the
stru
cture
s of
inse
cts
and v
ario
us
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s th
at e
nab
le t
hem
to f
un
ctio
n i
n t
hei
r
envir
onm
ent.
2.
Eac
h p
lant
or
anim
al h
as d
iffe
rent
stru
cture
s th
at s
erve
dif
fere
nt
fun
ctio
ns
in g
row
th, su
rviv
al a
nd r
epro
du
ctio
n.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
stru
cture
s on d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
inse
cts
at d
iffe
rent
stag
es o
f dev
elopm
ent.
• G
iven
sev
eral
pic
ture
s of
adult
org
anis
ms,
id
enti
fy a
nd e
xpla
in w
hic
h o
rgan
ism
s ar
e in
sect
s an
d w
hic
h a
re n
ot.
• O
bse
rve
com
mon s
truct
ure
s of
dif
fere
nt
inse
cts
(e.g
., m
outh
par
ts o
r le
gs)
. D
escr
ibe
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
rence
s am
on
g
the
stru
cture
s. R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
he
stru
cture
is
rela
ted t
o t
he
funct
ion
it
per
form
s (e
.g., a
cat
erpil
lar
mouth
for
chom
pin
g
leav
es d
iffe
rs f
rom
a b
utt
erfl
y p
robosc
is f
or
obta
inin
g n
ecta
r).
Mat
ter
and E
ner
gy T
ransf
orm
atio
ns
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Pla
nts
and a
nim
als
are
livin
g t
hin
gs.
A
ll l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
in
cludin
g a
ir,
wat
er, fo
od (
nutr
ients
), s
pac
e,
shel
ter,
and l
ight.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy t
he
bas
ic n
eeds
of
all
inse
cts
for
surv
ival
. T
hes
e in
clude
food, w
ater
, ai
r, s
pac
e, l
ight,
and s
hel
ter.
R
eco
gniz
e th
at
inse
cts
also
hav
e sp
ecif
ic n
eeds
acco
rdin
g t
o t
hei
r kin
d,
(i.e
., s
pec
ific
food s
uch
as
nec
tar
or
mulb
erry
lea
ves
).
2.
In a
ddit
ion t
o b
asic
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
, li
vin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e nee
ds
spec
ific
to t
he
org
anis
m s
uch
as
tem
per
ature
ran
ge
and f
ood
requir
emen
ts.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• O
bse
rve
a var
iety
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als.
Com
par
e sp
ecif
ic n
eeds
that
are
co
mm
on t
o p
lants
or
anim
als
of
the
sam
e gro
up (
i.e.
,
all
fish
nee
d w
ater
but
som
e fi
sh n
eed c
old
wat
er t
o l
ive
and s
om
e nee
d w
arm
wat
er t
o l
ive,
all
pla
nts
nee
d w
ater
but
som
e
H - 128
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gh
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 4
of
10
nee
d a
hum
id e
nvir
onm
ent
and s
om
e nee
d a
dry
envir
onm
ent)
.
• C
ondu
ct s
imple
inv
esti
gat
ions
to d
eter
min
e an
d d
escr
ibe
how
inse
cts
and v
ario
us
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s re
spond t
o d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
stim
uli
, (e
. g., l
ight
ver
sus
dar
k e
nvir
onm
ent)
.
Lif
e P
roce
sses
and T
ech
nolo
gy A
ppli
cati
on
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
3.
The
abil
ity o
f an
org
anis
m t
o m
eet
its
nee
ds
for
surv
ival
is
dep
enden
t up
on i
ts e
nvir
onm
ent.
M
anip
ula
tion o
f th
e en
vir
onm
ent
can
posi
tiv
ely o
r neg
ativ
ely a
ffec
t th
e w
ell
bei
ng o
f v
ario
us
org
anis
ms
that
liv
e th
ere.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• In
ves
tigat
e an
d e
val
uat
e how
pla
nt
gro
wth
is
affe
cted
by v
aryin
g a
mounts
of
dif
fere
nt
soil
com
ponen
ts.
• C
ondu
ct s
imple
inv
esti
gat
ions
usi
ng a
rtif
icia
l h
abit
ats
to d
escr
ibe
how
the
surv
ival
of
inse
cts
is a
ffec
ted b
y t
he
envir
onm
ent.
Sta
nd
ard
7:
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Con
tin
uit
y o
f L
ife
Rep
rodu
ctio
n,
Her
edit
y, a
nd D
evel
opm
ent
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. T
he
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
rese
mble
the
par
ents
(i.
e., a
tree
see
dli
ng r
esem
ble
s a
mat
ure
tre
e).
2. T
he
off
spri
ng o
f so
me
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
do n
ot
rese
mble
the
par
ents
. S
imil
arit
ies
bet
wee
n p
aren
ts a
nd t
hei
r off
spri
ng b
ecom
e m
ore
appar
ent
as t
hei
r li
fe c
ycle
conti
nu
es (
i.e.
, ca
terp
illa
rs b
ecom
e butt
erfl
ies)
.
3. A
ll p
lants
and a
nim
als
go t
hro
ugh
a l
ife
cycl
e o
f bir
th,
gro
wth
, d
evel
op
men
t, r
epro
duct
ion,
and d
eath
. T
his
cyc
le i
s p
redic
table
and
des
crib
able
, but
dif
fers
fro
m o
rgan
ism
to o
rgan
ism
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• O
bse
rve
the
life
cycl
e of
a se
lect
ed o
rgan
ism
(e.
g., p
lant,
butt
erfl
y, f
rog,
etc.
) an
d r
eco
gniz
e th
at t
he
stag
es o
f th
e li
fe c
ycl
e ar
e
pre
dic
table
and d
escr
ibab
le.
• Id
enti
fy t
he
stag
es i
n a
lif
e cycl
e o
f an
org
anis
m t
hat
go
es t
hro
ugh c
om
ple
te m
etam
orp
hosi
s (e
.g., b
utt
erfl
y, m
ealw
orm
).
Des
crib
e th
e si
mil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
rence
s in
the
stru
cture
s an
d b
ehav
iors
of
the
egg, la
rvae
, pup
ae, an
d a
dult
inse
ct.
• Id
enti
fy t
he
stag
es i
n t
he
life
cycl
e o
f an
org
anis
m t
hat
goes
th
rou
gh s
imple
(in
com
ple
te)
met
amorp
hosi
s (e
.g., g
rass
hopp
er,
cric
ket
).
Des
crib
e th
e si
mil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
rence
s in
the
stru
cture
s an
d b
ehav
iors
of
the
egg, n
ym
ph,
and a
dult
inse
ct.
Div
ersi
ty a
nd E
volu
tion
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. M
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
pla
nts
and
anim
als
live
thro
ughout
the
worl
d. T
hes
e pla
nts
and
anim
als
can b
e gro
up
ed a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
they s
har
e.
H - 129
001401
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 5
of
10
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
her
e ar
e m
any d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
anim
als
in t
he
worl
d, of
whic
h i
nse
cts
are
on
e gro
upin
g. S
ort
inse
cts
from
anim
als
that
are
not
inse
cts.
Id
enti
fy t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
use
d t
o s
ort
the
inse
cts
(i.e
., t
hre
e bod
y p
arts
, si
x l
egs)
.
Tec
hnolo
gy A
ppli
cati
ons
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Peo
ple
use
the
var
iety
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
found t
hro
ughout
the
wo
rld f
or
food, cl
oth
ing, an
d s
hel
ter
(e.g
., s
ilk f
or
cloth
ing,
wood
for
buil
din
g s
hel
ters
).
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at s
om
e in
sect
s ar
e co
nsi
der
ed h
arm
ful
to h
um
ans,
pla
nts
, an
d o
ther
anim
als
whil
e oth
er i
nse
cts
can b
e ben
efic
ial.
Tec
hnolo
gy a
llow
s us
to h
elp c
ontr
ol
the
har
mfu
l in
sect
s (i
.e., c
ontr
ol
of
mosq
uit
oes
, te
rmit
es, ti
cks,
etc
.).
Sta
nd
ard
8:
Eco
logy
Inte
ract
ions
wit
hin
the
Envir
onm
ent
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
2.
Pla
nts
and a
nim
als
nee
d e
nough s
pac
e an
d r
esou
rces
to s
urv
ive.
O
ver
cro
wdin
g l
eads
to a
n i
ncr
ease
d n
eed f
or
reso
urc
es.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• D
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
that
res
ult
fro
m p
lants
, in
sect
s, a
nd o
ther
anim
als
chan
gin
g t
he
envir
onm
ent
in w
hic
h t
hey l
ive
(e.g
.,
worm
s m
ake
tunn
els
in t
he
eart
h,
cric
ket
s ea
t th
e gra
ss).
• O
bse
rve
the
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
livin
g i
n a
n e
nvir
onm
ent.
Id
enti
fy w
ays
in w
hic
h p
lants
and a
nim
als
ben
efit
fro
m e
ach o
ther
(e.g
., a
nim
als
use
pla
nts
for
food a
nd s
hel
ter,
and p
lants
nee
d i
nse
cts
to s
pre
ad p
oll
en).
• O
bse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
the
effe
cts
of
pla
nt
and a
nim
al o
ver
crow
din
g i
n a
giv
en s
pac
e (i
.e., m
any g
upp
ies
in a
n a
quar
ium
, m
any
bee
tles
in a
hab
itat
). R
ecogniz
e th
at t
his
ov
ercr
ow
din
g r
esult
s in
an i
ncr
ease
d n
eed f
or
bas
ic r
esou
rces
. B
ig I
dea
s O
bse
rvat
ion a
nd E
vid
ence
: to
obse
rve
var
ious
inse
ct l
ife
cyc
les
and g
ath
erin
g e
vid
ence
th
at l
ife
cyc
les
are
sim
ilar
am
ong s
ever
al d
iver
se
org
anis
ms.
Str
uct
ure
and F
unct
ion:
to c
om
par
e si
mil
ar s
truct
ure
s in
dif
fere
nt
org
anis
ms
and i
den
tify
th
e fu
nct
ions
per
form
ed b
y e
ach.
Inte
ract
ions:
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
wit
h t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ents
and o
ne
anoth
er.
Cycl
es:
to o
bse
rve
the
cycl
ic n
ature
of
life
(bir
th, gro
wth
, re
pro
du
ctio
n, d
eath
)
H - 130
001402
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 6
of
10
Beh
avio
r/R
egula
tion:
of
org
anis
ms
as t
hey r
eact
to t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
and e
ach o
ther
.
Chan
ge
over
tim
e: a
s st
uden
ts o
bse
rve
the
stru
ctura
l an
d b
ehav
iora
l ch
anges
th
at o
ccur
du
ring t
he
life
cycl
es o
f v
ario
us
inse
cts.
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
und
erst
and
that…
L
ivin
g t
hin
gs
hav
e pre
dic
table
and o
bse
rvab
le s
tages
in t
hei
r li
fe c
ycle
s.
All
liv
ing t
hin
gs
nee
d s
hel
ter,
food, w
ater
, li
ght,
and a
ir.
Sp
ecif
ic i
nse
cts
hav
e sp
ecif
ic n
eeds
at d
iffe
rent
tim
es i
n t
hei
r li
fe c
ycle
.
P
hysi
cal
stru
cture
s, f
unct
ions
and n
eeds
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
chan
ge
thro
ughout
thei
r li
fe c
ycle
s.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
1.
What
are
som
e si
mil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
ren
ces
in t
he
larv
ae, pup
ae, an
d a
dult
s of
inse
cts
that
go t
hro
ugh m
etam
orp
hosi
s (c
om
ple
te o
r
inco
mple
te)?
2.
What
are
the
beh
avio
rs o
f in
sect
s at
dif
fere
nt
stag
es o
f th
eir
life
cycl
e?
3.
How
do s
pec
ific
str
uct
ure
s ai
d i
n t
he
surv
ival
of
inse
cts
thro
ughout
thei
r li
fe c
ycle
?
4.
How
are
inse
ct l
ife
cycl
es r
elat
ed t
o t
he
life
cycl
es o
f oth
er l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Know
led
ge:
•
All
inse
cts
hav
e th
ree
bo
dy p
arts—
hea
d, th
ora
x a
nd a
bdom
en.
•
All
liv
ing t
hin
gs
nee
d a
ir, fo
od, w
ater
, an
d s
pac
e to
su
rviv
e. S
pec
ific
inse
cts
hav
e sp
ecif
ic n
eeds.
•
The
stru
cture
s o
f so
me
inse
cts
chan
ge
as t
he
inse
cts
gro
w.
H - 131
001403
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 7
of
10
•
All
inse
cts
hav
e st
ruct
ure
s th
at a
re s
imil
ar t
o o
ne
anoth
er a
nd t
hat
car
ry o
ut
sim
ilar
funct
ions
thro
ugh
out
thei
r li
fe c
ycle
s.
Skil
l:
•
Gen
erat
e ques
tion
s an
d p
red
icti
ons
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on
about
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
•
Gen
erat
e an
d f
oll
ow
sim
ple
pla
ns
usi
ng s
yst
emat
ic o
bse
rvat
ions
to e
xplo
re q
ues
tions
and p
redic
tion
s.
•
Coll
ect
dat
a usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ion
s, s
imp
le t
ools
and e
quip
men
t.
Rec
ord
dat
a in
tab
les,
char
ts, an
d b
ar g
rap
hs.
C
om
par
e d
ata
wit
h o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e
and q
ues
tio
n r
esult
s.
•
Const
ruct
a s
imp
le e
xpla
nat
ion
by a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ional
dat
a. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew e
vid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m
oth
er r
eso
urc
es o
r fr
om
fu
rth
er i
nves
tigat
ion.
•
Shar
e si
mple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd
ex
pla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and
just
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inves
tigat
ion.
•
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng,
and t
echnolo
gy w
hen
conduct
ing a
n i
nves
tigat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
•
Iden
tify
th
e bas
ic n
eeds
of
all
inse
cts
for
surv
ival
.
•
Condu
ct s
imple
inves
tigat
ions
to d
eter
min
e an
d d
escr
ibe
how
inse
cts
and v
ario
us
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s re
spond t
o d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
stim
uli
.
•
Condu
ct s
imple
inves
tigat
ions
usi
ng a
rtif
icia
l h
abit
ats
to d
escr
ibe
how
the
surv
ival
of
inse
cts
is a
ffec
ted b
y t
he
envir
onm
ent.
•
Iden
tify
and d
escr
ibe
the
stru
cture
s of
inse
cts
and v
ario
us
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s th
at e
nab
le t
hem
to f
un
ctio
n i
n t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent.
•
Com
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
stru
cture
s on d
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
inse
cts
at d
iffe
rent
stag
es o
f dev
elopm
ent.
•
Obse
rve
com
mon s
truct
ure
s of
dif
fere
nt
inse
cts.
D
escr
ibe
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
rence
s am
on
g t
he
stru
ctu
res.
R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
he
stru
cture
is
rela
ted t
o t
he
funct
ion i
t p
erfo
rms.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
Su
gges
ted
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
(s)
Lif
e cycl
es a
sses
smen
t fo
r G
rad
e T
wo c
an b
e fo
und a
t:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe
.k1
2.d
e.u
s/p
rog
ra
ms/s
ci_
assess/d
efa
ult
.sh
tml
Key
Tra
nsf
er I
dea
s:
• Id
enti
fy t
he
nee
ds
of
livin
g t
hin
gs
such
as
air,
foo
d, w
ater
, an
d s
pac
e.
• C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
life
cyc
les
of
a v
arie
ty o
f li
vin
g t
hin
gs.
• E
xpla
in h
ow
the
stru
cture
of
livin
g o
rgan
ism
s re
late
s to
the
funct
ion o
f th
e org
anis
m’s
par
ts.
H - 132
001404
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 8
of
10
• D
escr
ibe
the
nee
ds,
str
uct
ure
s, a
nd i
nte
ract
ions
of
how
liv
ing o
rgan
ism
s ch
ange
over
tim
e.
• C
om
par
e th
e par
ent
and t
hei
r off
spri
ng. D
escr
ibe
thei
r si
mil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
rence
s.
Stu
den
ts a
re e
xp
ecte
d t
o:
• C
lass
ify t
hin
gs
as l
ivin
g o
r non
-liv
ing.
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
he
stru
cture
of
bod
y p
arts
aff
ects
the
par
t’s
fun
ctio
n.
• S
tate
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
an i
nse
ct.
• E
val
uat
e hab
itat
s fo
r m
eeti
ng b
asic
nee
ds.
• C
om
par
e li
fe c
ycl
es o
f in
sect
s an
d d
escr
ibe
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
rence
s.
• R
ead a
nd a
nal
yze
a g
rap
h.
• P
redic
t li
fe c
ycl
e st
ages
.
• C
om
par
e th
e st
ages
in t
he
life
cyc
le o
f a
tree
.
• D
escr
ibe
chan
ge
over
tim
e of
a li
vin
g o
rgan
ism
.
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
Lif
e cycl
es r
ub
rics
fo
r G
rade
Tw
o c
an b
e fo
und a
t:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe
.k1
2.d
e.u
s/p
rog
ra
ms/s
ci_
assess/d
efa
ult
.sh
tml
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Fo
rm
ati
ve
Ass
essm
ent:
Aft
er I
nves
tig
ati
on
3:
Hav
e st
ud
ents
com
ple
te q
ues
tions
1 a
nd 2
on t
he
End o
f M
odule
Ass
essm
ent
from
the
Tea
cher’s
Man
ual
.
Aft
er I
nves
tig
ati
on
6:
Hav
e st
ud
ents
com
ple
te q
ues
tions
12 a
nd 1
3 o
n t
he
End o
f M
odule
Ass
essm
ent
from
the
Tea
cher’s
Man
ual
.
Aft
er I
nves
tig
ati
on
5:
Hav
e st
ud
ents
com
ple
te a
Ven
n d
iagra
m c
om
par
ing a
nd
contr
asti
ng a
Mea
lworm
vs.
Butt
erfl
y. A
lso
, h
ave
stud
ents
crea
te a
lis
t of
at l
east
four
thin
gs
that
inse
cts
nee
d f
or
surv
ival
(ai
r, w
ater
, fo
od, sh
elte
r, s
pac
e, l
igh
t, e
tc.)
.
H - 133
001405
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 9
of
10
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esi
gn
Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
itie
s T
o A
lig
n w
ith
Go
als
an
d A
sses
smen
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
Res
ou
rce:
FO
SS
In
sect
s
Inves
tiga
tion
On
e: M
ealw
orm
s
In
this
inv
esti
gat
ion, st
ud
ents
ob
serv
e m
ealw
orm
s as
the
chan
ge
from
lar
vae
to p
up
ae t
o a
dult
s.
Whil
e m
akin
g t
hei
r obse
rvat
ions,
stud
ents
des
crib
e la
rval
seg
men
ts, le
gs,
and o
ther
str
uct
ure
s of
mea
lworm
s an
d t
hey r
ecord
ch
anges
in m
ealw
orm
str
uct
ure
and b
ehav
ior
ov
er t
ime.
Inves
tiga
tion
Tw
o:
Waxw
orm
s
S
tud
ents
co
nti
nue
thei
r obse
rvat
ions
of
inse
cts
by c
om
par
ing w
axw
orm
lar
vae
to m
ealw
orm
lar
vae
. C
han
ges
in p
hysi
cal
and
beh
avio
ral
char
acte
rist
ics
are
reco
rded
over
tim
e.
Inves
tiga
tion
Th
ree:
Mil
kw
eed
Bu
gs
In
this
inv
esti
gat
ion, st
ud
ents
rec
eiv
e via
ls o
f m
ilkw
eed b
ug e
ggs.
E
ach g
roup p
repar
es a
hab
itat
for
the
bu
gs
and o
bse
rves
str
uct
ure
,
pat
tern
, an
d b
ehav
ior
as t
he
inse
cts
advan
ce t
hro
ugh s
imple
met
amorp
hosi
s.
Inves
tiga
tion
Fou
r: S
ilk
worm
s
S
tud
ents
are
giv
en s
ilk
wo
rm e
ggs
and o
bse
rve
the
bir
th,
gro
wth
and c
han
ges
to l
arvae
, pup
ae a
nd a
dult
s w
ho p
roduce
eggs.
W
hil
e
mak
ing t
hei
r obse
rvat
ions,
stu
den
ts c
onti
nue
to c
om
par
e al
l of
the
inse
cts
as t
hey g
o t
hro
ugh t
hei
r li
fe p
roce
sses
.
Inves
tiga
tion
Fiv
e: B
utt
erfl
ies
In
this
inv
esti
gat
ion, th
e cl
ass
obse
rves
pai
nte
d l
ady l
arvae
as
they g
row
, p
up
ate,
and e
mer
ge
as a
du
lts.
S
tud
ents
ex
per
ience
the
stag
es o
f
com
ple
te m
etam
orp
hosi
s an
d c
om
par
e th
e b
ehav
iors
of
moth
s an
d b
utt
erfl
ies.
Inves
tiga
tion
Six
: O
ther
in
sect
s
H - 134
001406
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
0 o
f 10
Stu
den
ts s
et u
p h
abit
ats
and o
bse
rve
the
stru
cture
s an
d b
ehav
iors
of
house
cri
cket
s, a
nts
and a
qu
atic
inse
cts.
A
ll i
nse
cts
are
obse
rved
and
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
are
dis
cuss
ed a
nd r
ecord
ed.
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
- S
o M
any K
inds,
So M
any P
lace
s ( I
nves
tigat
ion 1
, par
t 2)
- In
sect
Shap
es a
nd C
olo
rs (
Inves
tigat
ion 3
, par
t 3)
- W
hat
Mak
es a
nd I
nse
ct a
n I
nse
ct?
(Inves
tigat
ion 4
, par
t 5)
- In
sect
Lif
e C
ycl
es (
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
, p
art
3)
- S
ame
But
Dif
fere
nt
H - 135
001407
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coa
liti
on
Gra
de
3 E
art
h M
ate
rials
Un
it T
emp
late
Cop
yrig
ht
2008
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on
1
H - 136
001408
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 2
of
11
C
ha
rte
r S
ch
oo
l U
nit
Mo
dif
ica
tio
n
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
re
new
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ve
r le
tter
fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
esti
on
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o a
ssis
t m
emb
ers
of
the
Del
aw
are
De
pa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
eme
nt
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
Wh
y w
as
this
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n s
elec
ted
as
pa
rt o
f y
ou
r sc
ho
ols
’ cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed a
s p
art
of
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
bec
au
se t
hey
are
a p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n a
nd
th
is u
nit
en
ga
ges
stu
den
ts i
n a
n e
xp
lora
tio
n o
f th
e w
orl
d a
rou
nd
th
em a
nd
all
ow
s th
em t
o i
nv
esti
ga
te
rock
s a
nd
min
era
ls,
con
du
ct t
ests
to
id
enti
fy t
he
pre
sen
ce o
f m
ate
ria
ls w
ith
in t
ho
se s
ub
sta
nce
s a
nd
en
ds
wit
h a
cu
lmin
ati
ng
tra
nsf
er t
ask
th
at
use
s th
eir
kn
ow
led
ge
to i
den
tify
ma
teri
als
su
ita
ble
fo
r a
n e
xte
rio
r sc
ulp
ture
.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n.
Imb
edd
ed i
nto
th
e u
nit
are
su
gg
esti
on
s fo
r d
iffe
ren
tia
tio
n,
so t
he
nee
ds
of
all
lea
rne
rs c
an
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tra
inin
g s
o t
hey
are
co
nfi
den
t in
thei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le t
o
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
.
H - 137
001409
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 3
of
11
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. It
is
by
no m
ean
s in
ten
ded
to
be
incl
usi
ve;
rath
er
it i
s m
ea
nt
to b
e a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r te
ach
er t
ho
ug
ht
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e U
nd
erst
an
din
g b
y D
esi
gn
fra
mew
ork
an
d p
hil
oso
ph
y.
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
Stu
den
ts i
nves
tiga
te t
he
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
rock
s a
nd
min
erals
. T
hey
ob
serv
e an
d s
ket
ch r
ock
s a
nd
min
erals
an
d b
egin
to
un
der
stan
d h
ow
rock
s an
d m
iner
als
are
dif
fere
nt.
T
ests
are
con
du
cted
to d
eter
min
e th
e p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
min
erals
in
clu
din
g
ha
rdn
ess,
lu
ster
, co
lor,
an
d r
eact
ion
to a
cid
. U
sin
g t
he
aci
d t
est
to d
eter
min
e if
calc
ite
is p
rese
nt,
stu
den
ts e
xam
ine
rock
s th
at
may
con
tain
th
e m
iner
al
calc
ite.
L
ast
ly, st
ud
ents
ob
serv
e a r
ock
an
d a
ttem
pt
to d
eter
min
e th
e co
mp
on
ent
min
erals
. S
tud
ents
tra
nsf
er
kn
ow
led
ge
an
d s
kil
ls l
earn
ed i
n t
he
fin
al
ass
essm
ent
in d
ecid
ing u
pon
a g
ood
rock
or
min
eral
choic
e fo
r an
ou
tsid
e st
atu
e.
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s a
nd
Grad
e L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1 a
nd
5 f
ou
nd
on
th
e
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12
.de.
us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_a
reas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1-
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nder
stan
din
g a
nd A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions,
whet
her
conduct
ed b
y s
tuden
ts o
r sc
ienti
sts,
involv
e as
kin
g a
qu
esti
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l
worl
d.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Gen
erat
e qu
esti
ons
and p
redic
tions
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions
and e
xplo
rati
on a
bout
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
3.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
obse
rvat
ions
and d
ata
coll
ecti
on i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce. S
cien
tist
s use
tools
to e
nhan
ce
thei
r se
nse
s in
ord
er t
o o
bta
in m
ore
evid
ence
.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Coll
ect
dat
a u
sing o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t. R
eco
rd d
ata
in t
able
s, c
har
ts, an
d b
ar g
raphs.
Com
par
e dat
a w
ith o
ther
s to
ex
amin
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s.
4.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tist
s use
obse
rvat
ions
from
inv
esti
gat
ions
and k
now
ledge
that
is
alre
ady k
now
n t
o d
evel
op a
n e
xpla
nat
ion.
•
Be
able
to:
Const
ruct
a s
imple
ex
pla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzi
ng o
bse
rvat
ion
al d
ata.
R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion w
hen
giv
en n
ew
evid
ence
or
info
rmat
ion
gai
ned
fro
m o
ther
res
ou
rces
or
from
furt
her
inv
esti
gat
ion.
5.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g w
ith o
ther
s is
to s
har
e ev
iden
ce a
nd c
oncl
usi
ons.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
H - 138
001410
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 4
of
11
of
thei
r in
ves
tigat
ions
to o
ther
s.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Sh
are
sim
ple
pla
ns,
dat
a, a
nd e
xpla
nat
ions
wit
h a
n a
udie
nce
and j
ust
ify t
he
resu
lts
usi
ng t
he
evid
ence
fro
m t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion.
6.
Under
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mpo
rtan
t in
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g,
wri
tin
g, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g a
n i
nv
esti
gat
ion a
nd c
om
munic
atin
g t
he
resu
lts.
Sci
ence
, T
echnolo
gy, an
d S
oci
ety
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Peo
ple
hav
e in
ven
ted n
ew t
echnolo
gie
s to
solv
e pro
ble
ms.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy r
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
as n
atura
l re
sou
rces
and l
ist
ways
that
hum
ans
use
thes
e re
sou
rces
to m
eet
nee
ds
and w
ants
(i.
e.,
fluo
rite
for
tooth
pas
te, m
arb
le f
or
stat
ues
).
Stu
den
ts s
hould
kno
w t
hat
: 2.
Tools
are
use
ful
in s
cien
ce t
o h
elp g
ather
dat
a fo
r obse
rvat
ions
and m
easu
rem
ents
and p
rovid
e a
safe
mea
ns
of
conduct
ing a
n
inv
esti
gat
ion.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
•
Des
crib
e th
e ch
anges
to t
he
envir
onm
ent
that
res
ult
fro
m h
um
ans
obta
inin
g r
ock
and m
iner
al r
esou
rces
(e.
g., s
trip
min
ing
).
Sta
nd
ard
5:
Eart
h’s
Dyn
am
ic S
yst
ems
Com
pon
ents
of
Ear
th
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. C
om
pon
ents
of
Ear
th’s
syst
em i
ncl
ude
min
eral
s, r
ock
s, s
oil
, w
ater
and a
ir. T
hes
e m
ater
ials
can
be
obse
rved
, so
rted
and/o
r cl
assi
fied
bas
ed o
n t
hei
r ph
ysic
al p
roper
ties
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• E
xam
ine
rock
s in
ord
er t
o o
bse
rve
thei
r co
mposi
tion a
nd d
escr
ibe
the
man
y c
om
pon
ents
found i
n r
ock
s.
• Id
enti
fy m
iner
als
as m
ater
ials
th
at c
annot
be
ph
ysi
call
y b
roken
ap
art
any f
urt
her
and m
ay b
e a
rock
com
pon
ent.
• S
ort
and g
roup a
n a
sso
rtm
ent
of
min
eral
s b
ased
on s
imil
arit
ies
and d
iffe
rence
s in
th
eir
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
6. R
ock
s ar
e nat
ura
l co
mb
inat
ions
of
min
eral
s. M
iner
als
can b
e cl
assi
fied
acc
ord
ing t
o t
hei
r ph
ysic
al p
roper
ties
(i.
e., lu
ster
, co
lor
and
har
dnes
s).
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• S
ort
and g
roup m
iner
als
bas
ed o
n t
he
ph
ysic
al p
roper
ties
of
har
dn
ess,
colo
r, l
ust
er, an
d r
eact
ion t
o v
ineg
ar (
wea
k a
cid).
U
se
H - 139
001411
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 4
of
11
thes
e pro
per
ties
to i
den
tify
com
mon m
iner
als
(quar
tz, fl
uo
rite
, ca
lcit
e, a
nd g
ypsu
m).
Tec
hnolo
gy A
ppli
cati
ons
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. E
arth
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e obse
rved
and d
escr
ibed
usi
ng s
imple
tools
(e.
g., h
and l
ens
and b
alan
ces)
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• E
xam
ine
an a
sso
rtm
ent
of
rock
s an
d u
se a
ppro
pri
ate
mea
suri
ng t
ools
(bal
ance
s, m
eter
tap
es,
syri
nges
) to
gat
her
dat
a ab
out
the
rock
s’ p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(le
ngth
, ci
rcum
fere
nce
, w
eight)
.
• Id
enti
fy r
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
as n
atura
l re
sou
rces
and l
ist
ways
that
hum
ans
use
th
ese
reso
urc
es t
o m
eet
nee
ds
and w
ants
(i.
e.,
fluo
rite
for
tooth
pas
te, m
arble
for
stat
ues
).
Big
Id
eas
Obse
rvat
ion a
nd e
vid
ence
(st
ud
ents
ob
serv
e ro
ck a
nd m
iner
al s
ample
s an
d c
oll
ect
evid
ence
to i
den
tify
eac
h)
Pro
per
ties
and f
un
ctio
n (
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
rock
s an
d m
iner
als
det
erm
ine
thei
r fu
nct
ion)
Inv
esti
gat
ions
(sci
enti
fica
lly i
nv
esti
gat
ing r
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
wil
l le
ad t
o m
ore
in
form
atio
n a
bout
each
)
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
stan
d t
hat…
R
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
hav
e obse
rvab
le p
rop
erti
es.
Thes
e pro
per
ties
can
be
use
d t
o c
om
par
e, s
ort
, an
d c
lass
ify t
he
rock
s an
d m
iner
als.
Sim
ple
tools
are
use
d t
o d
eter
min
e th
e ph
ysic
al p
roper
ties
of
rock
s an
d m
iner
als.
Peo
ple
use
rock
s an
d m
iner
als
to m
eet
thei
r w
ants
and n
eeds.
O
ften
the
use
of
the
rock
or
min
eral
s is
det
erm
ined
by i
ts p
hysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
How
are
pro
per
ties
use
d t
o i
den
tify
, so
rt, an
d c
lass
ify r
ock
s a
nd
min
erals
?
Wh
at
kin
d o
f si
mp
le t
ools
are
use
d t
o h
elp
det
erm
ine
the
pro
per
ties
an
d h
ow
are
th
e to
ols
use
d?
H - 140
001412
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 5
of
11
How
does
aci
d r
ain
aff
ect
rock
s th
at
con
tain
calc
ite?
Wh
at
kin
ds
of
rock
s w
ou
ld b
e a g
ood
ch
oic
e fo
r b
uil
din
g m
ate
rial?
Wh
y?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Stu
den
ts w
ill
kn
ow….
•
Pro
per
ties
of
rock
s in
clude
shap
e, s
ize,
colo
r an
d t
extu
re. T
hes
e pro
per
ties
can
hel
p i
den
tify
, so
rt,
and c
lass
ify r
ock
s.
• R
ock
s ar
e m
ade
of
min
eral
s an
d o
ther
thin
gs.
• M
iner
als
are
a bas
ic b
uil
din
g b
lock
of
rock
s. M
iner
als
cannot
be
bro
ken
dow
n a
ny f
urt
her
.
• W
ater
can
bre
ak r
ock
s ap
art
and d
isso
lve
som
e m
iner
als.
E
vap
ora
tion i
s a
pro
cess
use
d t
o s
epar
ate
the
min
eral
s fr
om
the
wat
er.
• M
iner
als
hav
e p
roper
ties
that
are
use
d i
n i
den
tifi
cati
on.
Thes
e in
clude
cryst
al s
hap
e an
d s
ize,
har
dn
ess,
lust
er, co
lor,
and
reac
tion t
o a
cid.
• A
par
ticu
lar
pro
per
ty o
f th
e m
iner
al c
alci
te i
s th
at i
t fi
zzes
when
in a
cid. T
his
pro
per
ty i
s use
d t
o i
den
tify
rock
s th
at c
onta
in
calc
ite.
• F
izzi
ng e
vid
ence
sho
ws
that
mar
ble
and l
imes
tone
conta
in c
alci
te.
Sk
ills
:
•
Obse
rve
and c
om
par
e ro
cks
and m
iner
als.
• U
se t
ools
to c
oll
ect
dat
a on r
ock
s an
d m
iner
als.
• In
ves
tigat
e th
e har
dnes
s of
min
eral
s an
d p
lace
min
eral
s in
ord
er a
ccord
ing t
o t
hei
r har
dnes
s.
• In
ves
tigat
e th
e co
lor,
lust
er,
tex
ture
, an
d c
ryst
al s
hap
e of
min
eral
s.
Use
the
dat
a to
com
par
e m
iner
als.
• Id
enti
fy r
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
acco
rdin
g t
o t
hei
r ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
.
• In
ves
tigat
e ro
cks
to d
eter
min
e if
they
conta
in c
alci
te.
• In
ves
tigat
e ro
cks
to d
eter
min
e th
eir
min
eral
com
posi
tion.
• Ju
stif
y t
he
iden
tifi
cati
on o
f ro
cks
and m
iner
als
usi
ng e
vid
ence
.
• S
har
e an
d c
om
par
e d
ata.
• C
om
munic
ate
the
resu
lts
of
inv
esti
gat
ions.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(D
esig
n A
ssess
men
ts T
o G
uid
e I
nst
ru
cti
on
)
Su
gges
ted
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
(s)
H - 141
001413
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 6
of
11
Ear
th M
ater
ials
ass
essm
ent
for
gra
de
thre
e ca
n b
e fo
und a
t:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe
.k1
2.d
e.u
s/p
rog
ra
ms/s
ci_
assess/d
efa
ult
.sh
tml
Key
Tra
nsf
er I
dea
s:
• R
ock
s ar
e m
ade
of
man
y i
ngre
die
nts
, in
cludin
g m
iner
als.
M
iner
als
are
mad
e of
just
one
ingre
die
nt.
• R
ock
s an
d m
iner
als
can b
e so
rted
by u
sin
g t
hei
r p
hys
ical
pro
per
ties
.
• C
olo
r, l
ust
er, te
xtu
re, an
d h
ardnes
s, a
nd r
eact
ion t
o a
cid a
re p
rop
erti
es o
f m
iner
als.
• T
ools
su
ch a
s a
ham
mer
, nai
l, w
ater
, an
d e
vap
ora
ting d
ish c
an b
e use
d t
o h
elp i
den
tify
the
ingre
die
nts
in r
ock
s.
• A
cid i
s use
d t
o i
den
tify
the
pre
sen
ce o
f ca
lcit
e.
Exp
ecta
tion
s of
stu
den
ts:
• E
xpla
in t
he
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n a
ro
ck a
nd a
min
eral
.
• S
epar
ate
rock
s fr
om
min
eral
s ac
cord
ing t
o t
hei
r ap
pea
ran
ce.
• Id
enti
fy t
ools
and d
escr
ibe
how
the
tools
are
use
d t
o i
den
tify
the
ingre
die
nts
in r
ock
s.
• O
bse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
the
colo
r, l
ust
er, te
xtu
re, har
dnes
s, a
nd r
eact
ion t
o a
cid o
f m
iner
als.
• C
ondu
ct t
he
scra
tch t
est.
• R
ecord
dat
a in
a t
able
or
char
t.
• P
erfo
rm t
he
vin
egar
tes
t. I
den
tify
rock
s th
at c
onta
in c
alci
te.
• D
eter
min
e w
hic
h r
ock
sam
ple
would
mak
e a
go
od
outs
ide
stat
ue.
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
Ear
th M
ater
ials
ass
essm
ent
rubri
cs f
or
gra
de
thre
e ca
n b
e fo
und a
t:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe
.k1
2.d
e.u
s/p
rog
ra
ms/s
ci_
assess/d
efa
ult
.sh
tml
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Fo
rm
ati
ve
ass
essm
ent:
H - 142
001414
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 7
of
11
R
ub
ric
to u
se w
ith
th
e st
ud
ent
note
book
:
4:
Stu
den
t w
ork
is
ab
ove
an
d b
eyon
d t
he
exp
ecta
tion
s.
3:
Stu
den
t w
ork
is
com
ple
te a
nd
corr
ect.
2:
Stu
den
t w
ork
is
inco
mp
lete
.
1:
Stu
den
t w
ork
is
inco
rrec
t.
0:
Th
ere
is n
o s
tud
ent
resp
on
se.
In
ves
tigat
ion #
1:
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
2:
Stu
den
t d
raw
ing s
hould
be
the
corr
ect
size
, sh
ape,
colo
r, a
nd
conta
in s
urf
ace
det
ail.
T
he
mag
nif
ied v
iew
shou
ld m
atch
the
det
aile
d d
raw
ing, o
nly
lar
ger
.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
3:
Stu
den
t m
easu
rem
ents
should
be
corr
ect,
usi
ng t
he
corr
ect
met
ric
unit
s (c
enti
met
ers,
gra
ms)
. O
ther
mea
sure
men
ts s
hould
in
clude
mas
s in
gra
ms.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
4:
Stu
den
t obse
rvat
ions
should
in
clude
the
mat
eria
ls o
r
“evid
ence
” fo
und w
ithin
th
e m
ock
rock
in
cludin
g r
ed a
nd g
reen
pie
ces,
sh
ells
, an
d a
dough
-lik
e m
ixtu
re.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
5:
Stu
den
t obse
rvat
ions
of
the
via
ls b
efore
and a
fter
set
tlin
g
should
in
clude
colo
r, p
arti
cle
size
, an
d d
etai
ls.
It
should
note
the
mix
ture
as
a cl
ou
dy m
ass
bef
ore
set
tlin
g a
nd a
s dis
tin
ct
layer
s af
ter
sett
ling.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
6:
Stu
den
t d
raw
ing o
f th
e ev
apora
ting d
ish s
hould
look s
imil
ar
to t
he
actu
al d
ish i
ncl
udin
g c
olo
r, p
arti
cle
size
, sh
ape,
and s
urf
ace
det
ail.
E
xpla
nat
ion f
or
what
is
seen
should
in
clude
evid
ence
.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
7:
Stu
den
t ex
pla
nat
ion o
f how
a m
ock
rock
is
like
a re
al r
ock
should
ref
er t
o t
he
fact
th
at r
ock
s ar
e m
ade
of
man
y d
iffe
rent
ingre
die
nts
. T
he
mock
ro
ck h
ad m
any d
iffe
rent
ingre
die
nts
incl
udin
g r
ed a
nd
gre
en g
rav
el, sh
ells
, an
d d
ou
gh.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
2:
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
8:
Stu
den
t obse
rvat
ions
of
each
min
eral
shou
ld b
e det
aile
d.
Wri
tten
obse
rvat
ions
should
in
clude
colo
r, l
ust
er (
met
alli
c or
non
-met
alli
c- s
hin
y, o
ily,
eart
hy, dull
), t
extu
re (
rough, sm
ooth
),
and o
ther
inte
rest
ing o
bse
rvat
ions
such
as
edges
.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
9:
Stu
den
t d
ata
should
be
accu
rate
fo
r th
e sc
ratc
h t
est.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
3:
H - 143
001415
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 8
of
11
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tuden
t no
tebook p
age
10:
Wri
tten
obse
rvat
ions
of
bas
alt,
lim
esto
ne,
mar
ble
, an
d
sandst
one
should
in
clude
colo
r, s
ize,
sh
ape,
tex
ture
, lu
ster
, an
d d
etai
ls s
uch
as
gra
in s
ize.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
11:
Stu
den
t obse
rvat
ions
should
incl
ude
whet
her
th
e ro
ck f
izze
d
when
vin
egar
was
pla
ced
on t
he
rock
or
did
not
fizz
. A
chec
k s
hould
be
nex
t to
the
lim
esto
ne
and m
arble
. N
OT
E:
Som
etim
es
the
sandst
one
may f
izz
as w
ell,
dep
endin
g u
pon w
het
her
the
sand
gra
ins
are
hel
d t
oget
her
by a
mat
rix
that
has
cal
cite
in i
t no
t.
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
age
12:
Stu
den
t d
raw
ings
should
be
accu
rate
incl
udin
g d
etai
l.
Evid
ence
fro
m t
he
evap
ora
tion o
f ca
lcit
e sh
ould
be
use
d t
o c
om
par
e w
ith e
ach s
ample
and d
eter
min
e th
at l
imes
tone
and
mar
ble
conta
in c
alci
te. (S
ee n
ote
abov
e as
to s
andst
on
e).
In
ves
tigat
ion #
4:
• T
each
er o
bse
rvat
ion o
f E
arth
Mat
eria
ls s
tud
ent
no
tebook p
ages
13, 14, 1
5:
Stu
den
t sh
ould
corr
ectl
y c
onduct
the
scra
tch t
est
and r
eco
rd c
olo
r an
d o
ther
obse
rvat
ions.
O
ther
fo
rmat
ive
asse
ssm
ent
guid
es a
re i
ncl
ud
ed i
n t
he
asse
ssm
ent
po
rtio
n o
f th
e te
ach
er g
uid
e.
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esi
gn
Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
itie
s T
o A
lig
n w
ith
Go
als
an
d A
sses
smen
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
Res
ou
rce:
Th
e R
egen
ts o
f th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f C
ali
forn
ia. F
OS
S E
art
h M
ate
rials
. D
elta
Ed
uca
tion
. 2000.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
1:
Mo
ck R
ock
s.
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
a hom
emad
e ro
ck a
nd l
earn
ab
out
rock
pro
per
ties
of
colo
r, s
ize,
sh
ape,
tex
ture
, an
d m
ass.
S
tud
ents
tak
e th
e M
ock
Rock
apar
t an
d s
epar
ate
the
ingre
die
nts
lea
rnin
g t
hat
a r
ock
is
com
pose
d o
f m
any d
iffe
rent
min
eral
s an
d o
ther
thin
gs.
L
astl
y, st
ud
ents
use
an
evap
ora
tion t
est
to i
den
tify
the
min
eral
s th
at w
ere
in t
he
rock
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
2:
Scr
atch
Tes
t.
Stu
den
ts l
earn
that
min
eral
s m
ake
up r
ock
s an
d t
hat
min
eral
s h
ave
pro
per
ties
th
at c
an b
e use
d f
or
iden
tifi
cati
on. S
tud
ents
conduct
tes
ts f
or
har
dnes
s (S
crat
ch t
est)
and f
or
calc
ite
(Fiz
z te
st)
and o
bse
rve
the
colo
r, l
ust
er,
and t
extu
re. T
his
is
reco
rded
in t
able
fo
rm.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
3:
Cal
cite
Ques
t.
Stu
den
ts l
earn
th
at c
alci
te i
s a
min
eral
th
at c
an b
e id
enti
fied
by u
sin
g t
he
fizz
tes
t an
d w
atch
ing f
or
the
reac
tion. S
tud
ents
th
en t
est
oth
er
H - 144
001416
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 9
of
11
rock
s to
see
if
the
rock
s co
nta
in c
alci
te.
Inv
esti
gat
ion #
4:
take
It F
or
Gra
nit
e
Gra
nit
e is
a r
ock
th
at c
onta
ins
man
y m
iner
als.
In
this
inv
esti
gat
ion, st
ud
ents
obse
rve
the
gra
nit
e an
d c
onduct
tes
ts t
o i
den
tify
the
min
eral
s.
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
(Co
nsi
der
the
two
quest
ions
bel
ow
wh
en c
om
ple
tin
g t
his
sec
tio
n.)
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
eso
urc
es b
est
sup
port
th
is u
nit
?
B
ibli
ogra
ph
y fo
r E
art
h M
ate
rials
N
am
e of
book
A
uth
or
ISB
N
Oth
er i
nfo
**P
lanet
Ear
th I
nsi
de
Ou
t G
ibbon
s, G
ail
0688096808
Mo
rro
w,
199
5.
Sin
gle
co
lore
d p
ho
togra
ph
s d
etai
l th
e co
nce
pts
of
Pan
gae
a, c
on
tin
ents
, m
agn
etic
fie
ld,
inn
er a
nd o
ute
r co
re,
and
mo
re.
New
top
ics
are
add
ed v
isu
ally
an
d f
actu
ally
on
e p
age
at a
tim
e.
Go
od
anal
ogie
s an
d d
efin
itio
ns
hel
p c
hil
dre
n u
nd
erst
and
th
e co
mp
lex c
on
cep
ts.
Exce
llen
t il
lust
rati
on
s u
tili
zin
g b
old
co
lors
in
vit
e cl
ose
r id
enti
fica
tio
n o
f
con
cep
ts.
**T
he
Mag
ic S
chool
Bus
Insi
de
Th
e E
arth
C
ole
, Jo
anna
0590407597
Stu
den
ts t
ake
an a
dven
ture
th
rou
gh
th
e ce
nte
r o
f th
e ea
rth
.
1000 F
acts
About
Th
e E
arth
B
utt
erfi
eld, M
oir
a 1856978087
Exam
ines
vo
lcan
oes
, ri
ver
s, d
eser
ts,
rain
fore
sts,
wea
ther
an
d o
ther
fac
ts
abo
ut
the
eart
h.
Cav
es
Kra
mer
. S
teph
en
0613772008
Car
olr
ho
da,
199
5.
Cav
es a
re e
xp
lain
ed t
o e
mer
gen
t re
ader
s in
an
inte
rest
ing a
nd i
nfo
rmat
ive
man
ner
. T
he
read
er i
s ta
ken
in
to v
ario
us
caves
an
d m
uch
exp
lan
atio
n f
oll
ow
s, g
ivin
g a
so
lid
un
der
stan
din
g o
f
caves
an
d c
ave
life
. T
he
auth
or
des
crib
es h
ow
to
dre
ss t
o g
o i
nto
a c
ave
and
ho
w t
o p
rep
are
for
cave
exp
lora
tion
. E
arth
L
euts
cher
, A
lfre
d
0803721099
Des
crib
es t
he
clay
, ch
alk,
san
d a
nd
hu
mu
s w
hic
h m
ake
up
var
iou
s kin
ds
of
soil
an
d d
escr
ibes
th
e w
ay p
lan
ts a
nd
anim
als
dep
end
upo
n t
he
eart
h
for
life
. E
ver
ybod
y N
eeds
A R
ock
B
aylo
r, B
yrd
0689710518
Mac
Mil
lan P
ub
lish
ing C
om
pan
y o
r A
lad
din
pap
erb
acks,
Sim
on
and
S
chu
ster
, 19
74
. T
his
bo
ok o
ffer
s te
n r
ule
s fo
r co
llec
tin
g r
ock
s.
Eyew
itnes
s B
ooks,
Ro
cks
And
Min
eral
s S
ymes
, D
r. R
. F
. 0756607191
Alf
red
A.
Kn
op
f, I
nc.
T
his
res
ourc
e b
oo
k m
ay b
e d
iffi
cult
rea
din
g f
or
thir
d g
rad
ers,
bu
t it
has
hun
dre
ds
of
wo
nd
erfu
l co
lor
ph
oto
s th
at w
ill
sati
sfy a
ll r
ead
ers.
Gem
ston
es
Hal
l, C
ally
0789489856
Eas
y i
den
tifi
cati
on
bo
ok.
How
To D
ig A
Hole
To T
he
Oth
er S
ide
Of
Th
e E
arth
M
cNult
y, F
aith
0590435027
Wh
imsi
cal
and
ad
ven
turo
us
Let
’s G
o R
ock
Coll
ecti
ng
G
ans,
Rom
a 0064451704
Th
is b
oo
k g
oes
on t
o d
iscu
ss t
he
form
atio
n,
har
dn
ess,
typ
es a
nd
use
s o
f ro
cks.
H - 145
001417
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
0 o
f 11
R
ock
s A
re E
ver
ywh
ere
Ric
e, C
her
yl
1557349274
Wri
tten
fo
r b
egin
ner
rea
der
s
Sec
rets
In S
ton
e W
yler
, R
ose
and A
mes
Sch
ola
stic
, 19
70
.
Sto
ne
Soup
Bro
wn,
Mar
cia
0689711034
F S
crib
ner
, 19
75
. A
n o
ld F
ren
ch t
ale
abo
ut
sold
iers
wh
o t
rick
mis
erly
vil
lages
in
to m
akin
g t
hem
a f
east
.
Syl
ves
ter
And T
he
Mag
ic
Peb
ble
S
teig
, W
illi
am
0671662694
Sim
on
an
d S
chu
ster
, 19
69.
Syl
vest
er f
ind
s a
mag
ic p
ebb
le t
hat
can
mak
e w
ish
es c
om
e tr
ue.
The
Big
Rock
H
isco
ck, B
ruce
0689829582
Tel
ls t
he
sto
ry o
f a
ver
y o
ld r
ock
an
d t
he
his
tory
of
the
eart
h.
The
Mis
sing F
oss
il M
yst
ery
Her
man
, E
mil
y
0786810912
Fic
tio
n.
A s
tory
ab
ou
t tw
o s
ibli
ngs.
Th
e yo
un
ger
sib
lin
g t
akes
th
e o
lder
b
roth
er’s
tri
lob
ite
to s
cho
ol
and
loss
es i
t in
th
e cl
assr
oo
m.
The
Peb
ble
In
My P
ock
et;
A
His
tory
Of
Our
Ear
th
Hooper
, M
ered
ith a
nd
Chri
s C
oad
y
0670862592
Th
is b
oo
k t
race
s o
ne
peb
ble
’s h
isto
ry a
s th
e fa
ce o
f th
e ea
rth
ch
anges
.
The
Pra
ctic
al G
eolo
gis
t D
ixon,
Dougal
0671746979
Go
od
tea
cher
ref
eren
ce b
oo
k.
The
Vil
lage
Of
Round A
nd
Squar
e H
ouse
s G
rifa
iconi,
Ann
0316328626
A m
ult
icu
ltu
ral
bo
ok a
bo
ut
a ce
ntr
al A
fric
an v
illa
ge,
To
s.
Th
e b
ook t
ells
ho
w t
he
ho
use
s w
ere
des
ign
ated
in
th
e af
term
ath
of
the
vo
lcan
o r
elea
sin
g
its
full
fu
ry o
n t
he
vil
lage.
T
his
Is
Ou
r E
arth
B
enso
n,
Lau
ra L
ee
0881064475
Res
ou
rces
:
Iron H
ill
Muse
um
, N
ewar
k D
E. Y
ou c
an t
ake
on
e cl
ass
at a
tim
e. B
usi
nes
s hou
rs 1
2 –
3;
conta
ct p
erso
n –
Lau
ra
o
Wh
at
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
un
it c
an
you
off
er a
bou
t li
kel
y r
ou
gh
sp
ots
/stu
den
t m
isu
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d p
erfo
rman
ce
wea
kn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rou
ble
shoot
those
iss
ues
?
1. M
ock
Ro
cks.
W
hen
mak
ing t
he
mo
ck r
ock
s, b
e su
re t
o a
llow
tim
e fo
r th
e ro
cks
to c
om
ple
tely
dry
. B
akin
g t
hem
in a
n o
ven
at
200
deg
rees
for
3 h
ours
wil
l hel
p.
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips
All
in
ves
tiga
tion
s:
H - 146
001418
Copyri
gh
t 20
08, D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Pag
e 1
1 o
f 11
• V
oca
bula
ry:
As
you c
hro
nolo
gic
ally
go t
hro
ugh e
ach i
nv
esti
gat
ion, h
ave
studen
ts k
eep a
rec
ord
of
the
voca
bula
ry w
ord
s an
d
thei
r def
init
ions.
S
tud
ents
can
th
en r
efer
to t
hes
e w
ord
s to
use
in t
hei
r note
books.
• Jo
urn
als:
You m
ay w
ant
to k
eep a
mar
ble
com
posi
tion b
ook a
s a
stud
ent
jou
rnal
. I
n t
his
book, st
ud
ents
can
pra
ctic
e th
eir
wri
ting s
kil
ls b
y c
op
yin
g d
ow
n r
efle
ctio
n q
ues
tions
at t
he
end o
f ea
ch i
nv
esti
gat
ion a
nd t
hen
answ
erin
g t
hes
e ques
tions.
T
his
wil
l fo
rmat
ivel
y a
sses
s st
ud
ent
und
erst
andin
g.
H - 147
001419
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 1
of
10
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coa
liti
on
Gra
de
4 S
ky W
atc
her
s U
nit
Tem
pla
te
Cop
yrig
ht
2008 D
elaw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
H - 148
001420
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 2
of
10
C
ha
rte
r S
ch
oo
l U
nit
Mo
dif
ica
tio
n
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
re
new
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ve
r le
tter
fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
esti
on
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o a
ssis
t m
emb
ers
of
the
Del
aw
are
De
pa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
eme
nt
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
Wh
y w
as
this
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n s
elec
ted
as
pa
rt o
f y
ou
r sc
ho
ols
’ cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed a
s p
art
of
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
bec
au
se t
hey
are
a p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n.
It i
s a
ba
sis
for
inst
ruct
ion
ab
ou
t th
e co
ntr
ast
s a
nd
co
mp
ari
son
s th
at
can
be
ma
de
bet
wee
n t
he
da
y a
nd
nig
htt
ime
skie
s, a
s w
ell
as
an
in
tro
du
ctio
n f
or
the
scie
nti
fic
rea
son
ing
beh
ind
th
e se
aso
ns
cha
ng
e.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
de
d i
nto
th
e u
nit
are
su
gg
esti
on
s fo
r d
iffe
ren
tia
tio
n,
so t
he
nee
ds
of
all
lea
rne
rs c
an
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tra
inin
g s
o t
hey
are
co
nfi
den
t in
thei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le t
o
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
, a
lth
ou
gh
th
e te
ach
ers
are
co
gn
iza
nt
tha
t th
ey w
ill
ha
ve
to c
rea
te a
n e
nd
of
un
it
sum
ma
tiv
e a
sses
smen
t fo
r ev
iden
ce o
f st
ud
ent
con
ten
t m
ast
ery
.
H - 149
001421
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 3
of
10
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
reate
d a
s a m
odel
for
teach
ers
in t
hei
r d
esig
nin
g o
r re
des
ign
ing o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. I
t is
by
no
mea
ns
inte
nd
ed t
o b
e in
clu
sive
; ra
ther
it
is m
ean
t to
be
a s
pri
ngboard
for
teach
er t
hou
gh
t a
nd c
reati
vity
. T
he
info
rmati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed
repre
sen
ts o
ne
poss
ibil
ity
for
dev
elopin
g a
un
it b
ase
d o
n t
he
Del
aw
are
con
ten
t st
an
dard
s a
nd t
he
Un
der
sta
ndin
g b
y D
esig
n f
ram
ework
an
d p
hil
oso
ph
y.
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
:
In t
his
un
it s
tud
ents
wil
l le
arn
ab
ou
t co
mp
ari
ng a
nd
con
trast
ing t
he
day
an
d n
igh
ttim
e sk
y,
eart
h r
ota
tion
an
d r
evolu
tion
an
d i
ts
aff
ect
on
sea
son
al
chan
ge,
moon
ph
ase
s, t
he
effe
cts
of
the
sun
in
pro
du
cin
g l
igh
t an
d h
eat,
an
d t
he
com
pon
ents
of
the
sola
r sy
stem
.
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s a
nd
Grad
e L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1 a
nd
4 f
ou
nd
on
th
e
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12
.de.
us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_a
reas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nder
stan
din
gs
and A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
involv
e as
kin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cien
tifi
c ques
tion.
Inves
tigat
ions
dif
fer
dep
endin
g u
pon t
he
qu
esti
on b
eing a
sked
.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Gen
erat
e fo
cuse
d q
ues
tions
and i
nfo
rmed
pre
dic
tions
about
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
2. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: F
air
test
des
ign s
uppo
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigat
ion. S
om
etim
es i
t is
not
poss
ible
to k
now
ever
ythin
g t
hat
wil
l h
ave
an e
ffec
t on t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
condit
ions.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Des
ign a
nd c
onduct
sim
ple
to m
ult
i-st
ep i
nv
esti
gat
ions
in o
rder
to t
est
pre
dic
tions.
K
eep c
onst
ant
all
but
the
condit
ion b
eing t
este
d.
3. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tion i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o c
om
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tion.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t.
Dis
pla
y a
nd o
rgan
ize
dat
a in
table
s, c
har
ts, dia
gra
ms,
and b
ar g
raphs
or
plo
ts o
ver
tim
e. C
om
par
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s w
ith a
nd f
rom
oth
ers.
4. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
ledge
gro
ws
as s
cien
tist
s as
k q
ues
tions,
conduct
inv
esti
gat
ions,
dev
elop e
xpla
nat
ions
and c
om
par
e re
sult
s w
ith w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Const
ruct
a r
easo
nab
le e
xpla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzin
g e
vid
ence
fro
m t
he
dat
a. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion a
fter
com
par
ing r
esult
s w
ith o
ther
sou
rces
or
afte
r fu
rth
er i
nv
esti
gat
ion.
H - 150
001422
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 4
of
10
5. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g i
s to
sh
are
and j
ust
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
incl
udin
g t
he
det
ails
th
at a
llow
oth
ers
to r
epli
cate
the
resu
lts.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Com
munic
ate
pro
cedure
s, d
ata,
and e
xpla
nat
ions
to a
var
iety
of
audie
nce
s.
Just
ify t
he
resu
lts
by u
sin
g
evid
ence
to f
orm
an a
rgu
men
t.
6. U
nder
stan
d t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mpo
rtan
t in
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sci
ence
, T
echnolo
gy, an
d S
oci
ety
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Sci
ence
and t
echnolo
gy a
re r
elat
ed.
Tec
hnolo
gy p
rovid
es t
he
tools
nee
ded
for
scie
nce
to i
nv
esti
gat
e ques
tions
and m
ay p
rovid
e
solu
tions
to s
oci
ety’
s p
roble
ms,
wan
ts,
or
nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
nolo
gic
al s
olu
tions
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly b
enef
icia
l, o
r eq
ual
ly
avai
lable
to e
ver
yone.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• U
sin
g n
ewsp
aper
s, t
he
inte
rnet
, an
d a
ctual
sk
y o
bse
rvat
ions
when
poss
ible
, ch
art
the
app
eara
nce
of
the
Moon i
n t
he
nig
ht
sky o
ver
the
cou
rse
of
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s. I
den
tify
th
e bas
ic p
atte
rn o
f th
e M
oon’s
app
eara
nce
. C
lass
ify t
he
Moon’s
appea
rance
by u
sing t
he
term
s n
ew, fi
rst
quar
ter,
full
, la
st (
thir
d)
quar
ter.
• U
se p
hoto
s gat
her
ed f
rom
robot
pro
bes
, th
e H
ub
ble
tel
esco
pe,
and m
anned
ex
plo
rati
on o
f th
e M
oon, to
ex
amin
e
pic
ture
s of
the
pla
net
s an
d M
oon.
Sta
nd
ard
4:
Ea
rth
in
Sp
ace
T
he
Ear
th/M
oon/S
un S
yste
m
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
1. T
he
appar
ent
pat
h o
f th
e S
un, as
see
n f
rom
Ear
th, is
fro
m e
ast
to w
est.
O
ver
the
cou
rse
of
a day,
hal
f of
the
Ear
th i
s al
way
s
illu
min
ated
by t
he
Sun c
ausi
ng d
ay,
and t
he
hal
f n
ot
illu
min
ated
by th
e S
un e
xper
ien
ces
nig
htt
ime.
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
be
able
to:
• O
bse
rve
and d
escr
ibe
the
pat
h o
f th
e S
un a
t it
appea
rs t
o m
ove
acro
ss t
he
sky f
rom
eas
t to
wes
t duri
ng t
he
cou
rse
of
a day.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
2. T
he
cycl
e fr
om
day t
o n
ight
is c
ause
d b
y t
he
Ear
th’s
rota
tion. E
arth
un
der
goes
one
com
ple
te r
ota
tion a
bout
ever
y 2
4 h
ours
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• U
se m
od
els
to d
escr
ibe
how
the
Ear
th’s
rota
tion o
n i
ts a
xis
cau
ses
one
hal
f of
the
Ear
th t
o a
lways
be
illu
min
ated
by t
he
Sun
(day)
and o
ne
hal
f to
not
be
illu
min
ated
by t
he
Su
n (
nig
ht)
. A
pp
ly t
his
mo
del
of
the
rota
tin
g E
arth
to e
xpla
in w
hy t
he
Sun
app
ears
to m
ove
acro
ss t
he
sky e
ach d
ay f
rom
eas
t to
wes
t.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
3. T
he
Moon o
rbit
s th
e E
arth
. T
he
app
eara
nce
of
the
Moon c
han
ges
as
it m
ov
es t
hro
ugh i
ts o
rbit
. T
hes
e ch
anges
are
cal
led p
has
es.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
H - 151
001423
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 5
of
10
• U
sing n
ewsp
aper
s, t
he
inte
rnet
, an
d a
ctual
sk
y o
bse
rvat
ions
when
poss
ible
, ch
arts
the
app
eara
nce
of
the
Moon i
n t
he
nig
ht
sky
ov
er t
he
cou
rse
of
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s.
Iden
tify
the
bas
ic p
atte
rn o
f th
e M
oon’s
appea
rance
. C
lass
ify t
he
Moo
n’s
app
eara
nce
by u
sin
g t
he
term
s n
ew, fi
rst
qu
arte
r, f
ull
, la
st (
thir
d)
quar
ter.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
4. T
he
Sun i
s m
uch
lar
ger
than
the
Moon. A
lthough t
he
Moon i
s cl
ose
r to
Ear
th t
han
th
e S
un, th
e tw
o a
ppea
r to
be
the
sam
e si
ze
when
vie
wed
fro
m E
arth
. T
his
is
bec
ause
obje
cts
appea
r sm
all e
r as
the
dis
tance
fro
m t
he
vie
wer
incr
ease
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• O
bse
rve
the
size
of
the
Sun a
nd M
oon i
n t
he
sky.
Use
mod
els
to i
llust
rate
the
app
rox
imat
e si
ze a
nd d
ista
nce
rel
atio
nsh
ip
bet
wee
n t
he
Sun a
nd M
oon.
Ex
pla
in w
hy the
Su
n a
nd M
oon a
pp
ear
to b
e si
mil
ar i
n s
ize
when
obse
rved
in t
he
sky.
The
Sola
r S
yste
m
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Ear
th i
s one
of
the
pla
net
s in
our
Sola
r S
yste
m t
hat
orb
its
the
Sun. T
he
Sun w
e se
e du
ring t
he
day i
s our
nea
rest
sta
r. S
tars
we
see
at
nig
ht
lie
outs
ide
our
Sola
r S
yst
em.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy a
nd o
rder
the
maj
or
pla
net
s an
d d
escr
ibe
how
they
all
rev
olv
e ar
oun
d t
he
Sun.
• R
esea
rch a
nd d
evel
op a
short
rep
ort
on o
ne
of
the
pla
net
s in
the
Sola
r S
yst
em. C
om
par
e th
e in
form
atio
n l
earn
ed i
n t
he
report
s.
• D
escr
ibe
ou
r S
un a
s a
star
that
is
sim
ilar
to o
ther
sta
rs t
hat
are
see
n i
n t
he
nig
ht
sky. E
xpla
in w
hy o
ur
Sun a
ppea
rs t
o b
e la
rger
in s
ize
than
oth
er s
tars
.
Tec
hnolo
gy a
nd A
ppli
cati
ons
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. H
um
anit
y’s
vie
w o
f th
e S
ola
r S
yste
m h
as e
xpan
ded
enorm
ousl
y a
s a
resu
lt o
f our
explo
rati
on o
f oute
r sp
ace.
T
he
Hubble
tele
scope
giv
es u
s a
bet
ter
vie
w o
f th
e m
any p
lan
ets
than
the
vie
w w
e hav
e fr
om
the
Ear
th. R
obot
pro
bes
; se
nt
to p
lanet
s, s
end
bac
k c
lose
-up p
ictu
res
of
thei
r su
rfac
es.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• U
se p
hoto
s gat
her
ed f
rom
ter
rest
rial
tel
esco
pes
, ro
bot
pro
bes
, th
e H
ubble
tel
esco
pe,
and m
anned
ex
plo
rati
on o
f th
e M
oon t
o
exam
ine
pic
ture
s of
the
pla
net
s an
d M
oon.
Big
Id
eas
1. O
bse
rve
dif
fere
nt
obje
cts
in t
he
dayt
ime
and n
ightt
ime
sky.
2.
Usi
ng m
od
els
to d
emonst
rate
that
rota
tion,
revolu
tions,
day
, nig
ht,
and s
easo
ns
are
repea
tin
g p
redic
table
pat
tern
s.
H - 152
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 6
of
10
3. O
bse
rve
the
cycl
es o
r pre
dic
table
pat
tern
of
the
moon p
has
es.
4. U
se o
f te
chnolo
gy t
o g
ather
pla
net
ary d
ata
for
com
par
ison.
5.
Inv
esti
gat
e th
e pat
tern
of
the
sun’s
mov
emen
t ac
ross
the
sky a
nd i
ts e
ffec
ts.
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
stan
d t
hat…
1.
Sci
enti
fic
inquir
y i
nvolv
es a
skin
g s
cien
tifi
call
y o
rien
ted q
ues
tions,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g e
xpla
nat
ions,
connec
tin
g
expla
nat
ions
to s
cien
tifi
c know
ledge
and t
heo
ry,
and c
om
munic
atin
g a
nd j
ust
ifyi
ng t
he
expla
nat
ion.
2.
U
nder
stan
din
g p
ast
pro
cess
es a
nd
co
ntr
ibuti
ons
is e
ssen
tial
in b
uil
din
g s
cien
tifi
c kno
wle
dge.
3.
Ther
e ar
e obse
rvab
le, p
redic
table
pat
tern
s of
mov
emen
t in
the
Ear
th, M
oon,
and S
un s
yst
em t
hat
acc
ount
for
day a
nd n
igh
t.
4.
Tec
hno
log
y e
xpan
ds
our
know
ledge
of
the
Ear
th,
Moo
n, an
d S
un S
yste
m.
5.
Ear
th i
s p
art
of
a sy
stem
that
in
clud
es o
ther
pla
net
s.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
1. H
ow
hav
e p
ast
scie
nti
fic
contr
ibuti
ons
infl
uen
ced c
urr
ent
scie
nti
fic
und
erst
andin
g
of
the
worl
d?
2. W
hat
pre
dic
table
, obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
occ
ur
as a
res
ult
of
the
inte
ract
ion b
etw
een t
he
Ear
th, M
oon,
and S
un? W
hat
cau
ses
thes
e pat
tern
s?
3. W
hat
is
Ear
th’s
pla
ce i
n t
he
Sola
r S
yste
m?
4. H
ow
has
tec
hnolo
gy e
xpan
ded
our
know
led
ge
of
the
Ear
th, M
oon,
and S
un S
yste
m?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Stu
den
ts w
ill
kn
ow….
•
Dif
fere
nt
obje
cts
app
ear
in t
he
dayt
ime
and n
ightt
ime
sky.
•
Nig
ht
and d
ay a
re c
ause
d b
y t
he
rota
tion o
f th
e ea
rth o
n i
ts a
xis
.
H - 153
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Copyri
gh
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 7
of
10
•
Ear
th r
evolv
es a
round t
he
sun o
nce
a y
ear.
•
The
tilt
of
Ear
th r
esult
s in
sea
son
al c
han
ges
.
•
The
sun g
ives
us
ener
gy i
n t
he
form
of
light
and h
eat.
•
The
posi
tion o
f th
e su
n i
n t
he
sky a
ppea
rs t
o c
han
ge
ov
er t
he
cours
e o
f a
day
.
•
The
moon a
ppea
rs t
o c
han
ge
shap
e in
a p
redic
table
, re
pea
ted m
onth
ly p
atte
rn o
f phas
es.
•
The
sun, th
e ce
nte
r of
our
sola
r sy
stem
, is
on
ly o
ne
of
bil
lions
of
star
s in
the
univ
erse
.
•
The
pla
net
s dif
fer
in s
ize,
com
posi
tion,
and c
har
acte
rist
ics.
•
The
pla
net
s al
l o
rbit
the
sun i
n a
fix
ed a
rran
gem
ent
in t
he
sola
r sy
stem
.
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
ab
le t
o (
Gra
de
Lev
el E
xp
ecta
tion
s)…
Mea
sure
and r
ecord
tem
per
ature
Mea
sure
and r
ecord
hei
ght
of
shad
ow
s
Use
sim
ple
tools
to t
ake
mea
sure
men
ts i
ncl
udin
g t
emper
ature
and h
eight,
Use
mod
els
to d
emonst
rate
and d
escr
ibe
rota
tion a
nd r
evolu
tion, d
ay a
nd n
ight,
and s
easo
nal
ch
ange,
Illu
stra
te m
oon
ph
ases
, sh
adow
tra
cin
gs,
and f
eatu
res
in t
he
day a
nd n
ight
sky,
Condu
ct s
imple
ex
per
imen
ts a
nd d
raw
con
clusi
ons
from
the
resu
lts,
Mak
e pre
dic
tions
about
the
suns
posi
tion i
n t
he
sky,
tem
per
ature
s in
sunli
ght
and s
had
e, a
nd p
has
es o
f th
e m
oon,
Com
munic
ate
idea
s, o
bse
rvat
ions,
and e
xp
erie
nce
s th
rough d
iscu
ssio
n,
wri
ting, an
d d
raw
ings,
Obse
rve
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
pla
net
s,
Cre
ate
a m
od
el o
f th
e so
lar
syst
em,
Obse
rve
the
size
of
the
sun a
nd m
oon i
n t
he
sky
Use
mod
els
to i
llust
rate
the
appro
xim
ate
size
and d
ista
nce
rel
atio
nsh
ip b
etw
een t
he
sun
and t
he
moon
H - 154
001426
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 8
of
10
Ex
pla
in w
hy the
sun
and m
oon a
ppea
r to
be
sim
ilar
in s
ize
when
obse
rved
in t
he
sky
Use
photo
s gat
her
ed f
rom
ter
rest
rial
tel
esco
pes
, ro
bot
pro
bes
, th
e H
ubble
tel
esco
pe
and m
anned
ex
plo
rati
on o
f th
e m
oon t
o e
xam
ine
pic
ture
s
of
the
pla
net
s an
d m
oon
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(D
esig
n A
ssess
men
ts T
o G
uid
e I
nst
ru
cti
on
)
Su
gges
ted
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
(s)
The
Sk
yWat
cher
s unit
is
asse
ssed
thro
ugh
the
use
of
an e
nd-o
f-unit
sum
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent.
T
his
ass
essm
ent
is i
nte
nded
to u
nco
ver
stu
den
t
mis
con
cepti
ons,
whic
h w
ill
then
info
rm i
nst
ruct
ion.
At
this
tim
e th
ere
is n
o s
um
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent
dev
elop
ed b
y t
he
Co
alit
ion.
It
is
curr
entl
y u
nd
er d
evel
op
men
t.
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Poss
ible
Form
ativ
e A
sses
smen
ts f
rom
Inv
esti
gat
ions
Les
son 1
: W
hat
can
we
see
in t
he
Sk
y?
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #1:
Day a
nd N
ight
Les
son 2
: R
ota
tion a
nd R
evolu
tion
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #2:
Rota
tion a
nd R
evolu
tio
n
Les
son 3
: T
he
Eff
ects
of
the
Sun
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #3
A:
Ch
angin
g S
had
ow
s
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #
3B
: T
emper
ature
s in
Sun a
nd S
had
e
Les
son 4
: T
he
Phas
es o
f th
e M
oon
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #4:
Phas
es o
f th
e M
oon
Les
son 5
: O
ur
Pla
ce i
n S
pac
e
Act
ivit
y S
hee
t #5:
The
Nin
e P
lanet
s
H - 155
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 9
of
10
Over
all
Ass
essm
ent:
Res
earc
h p
roje
ct a
nd p
rese
nta
tion o
n p
lanet
s
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esig
n L
earn
ing
Act
ivit
ies
To
Ali
gn
wit
h G
oa
ls a
nd
Ass
essm
en
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
Car
oli
na
Bio
log
ical
: S
ky W
atch
ers.
Bu
ildin
g B
lock
s S
cien
ce. 20
06
. In
ves
tiga
tion
1:
Wh
at
Can
We
See
in
th
e S
ky?
Act
ivit
y –
Stu
den
ts c
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
wh
at t
hey
see
in t
he
day a
nd n
ightt
ime
sky.
Inves
tiga
tion
2:
Rota
tion
an
d R
evolu
tion
A
ctiv
ity –
Stu
den
ts m
od
el h
ow
the
rota
tion a
nd r
evolu
tion o
f th
e ea
rth a
round t
he
sun c
reat
es s
easo
nal
chan
ges
and d
ay/n
ight
Inves
tiga
tion
3:
Th
e E
ffec
ts o
f th
e S
un
: H
eat
an
d L
igh
t A
ctiv
ity-
Stu
den
ts p
erfo
rm e
xper
imen
ts p
rovin
g t
he
Sun i
s th
e so
urc
e of
hea
t an
d l
ight,
and t
he
app
aren
t m
ov
emen
t of
the
Sun a
cross
the
sky
is e
vid
ence
d b
y s
had
ow
s.
Inves
tiga
tion
4:
Th
e P
hase
s of
the
Moon
A
ctiv
ity-
Stu
den
ts r
ecal
l in
form
atio
n a
bout
rota
tion a
nd r
evolu
tion t
o b
egin
to u
nd
erst
and h
ow
the
moon m
ov
es r
elat
ive
to t
he
Sun a
nd E
arth
cr
eati
ng p
redic
table
, m
onth
ly p
atte
rns
of
moon p
has
es.
Inves
tiga
tion
5:
Ou
r P
lace
in
Sp
ace
: T
he
Nin
e P
lan
ets
Act
ivit
y-S
tud
ents
res
earc
h a
nd o
bse
rve
imag
es o
n t
he
inte
rnet
, post
ers
and t
ext
sourc
es t
o c
om
par
e th
e ph
ysi
cal
feat
ure
s of
each
pla
net
and
use
this
in
form
atio
n t
o c
reat
e a
mod
el o
f th
e so
lar
syst
em.
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
(Co
nsi
der
the
two
quest
ions
bel
ow
wh
en c
om
ple
tin
g t
his
sec
tio
n.)
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
eso
urc
es b
est
sup
port
th
is u
nit
?
Web
site
s:
ww
w.n
asa
.gov
H - 156
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 1
0 o
f 1
0
ww
w.o
nr.
navy
.mil
/focu
s/sp
ace
scie
nce
s/o
bse
rvin
gsk
y/m
oti
on
1.h
tm
ww
w.c
lass
zon
e.co
m/b
ook
s/ea
rth
scie
nce
/ter
c/co
nte
nt/
vis
uali
zati
on
s/es
0408/e
s0408
page0
1
ww
w.s
pof.
gff
c.n
asa
.go
v/s
targ
aze
/Su
nd
ial.
htm
htt
p:/
/kid
s.m
sfc.
nasa
.gov
htt
p:/
/sola
rsyst
em.n
asa
.gov/e
du
c/d
ocs
/Sola
r S
ys
Lit
ho.p
df
ww
w.a
stro
.um
d.e
du
/ed
uca
tion
/ast
ro/m
oo
n/p
hase
s.h
tml
htt
p:/
/sta
rch
ild
.gsf
c.n
asa
.gov/
Res
ou
rces
fo
r S
tud
ents
: B
ooks
Ash
by,
Ruth
. R
ock
et M
an:
The
Mer
cury
Adven
ture
of
John G
lenn P
each
tree
Publi
sher
s, 2
005
Fre
der
icks,
Anth
on
y. E
xplo
ring t
he
Univ
erse
. F
ulc
rum
Publi
shin
g, 2000
Go
rmle
y,
Bea
tric
e. M
aria
Mit
chel
l: T
he
Soul
of
an A
stro
nom
er. E
erdm
ans
Books
for
Young R
eader
s, 2
004.
Nel
son,
Nig
el.
Lookin
g i
nto
Spac
e. R
eader
s D
iges
t, 1
998.
Rid
e, S
ally
and T
am O’S
hau
gh
nes
sy.
Ex
plo
ring o
ur
Sola
r S
yste
m. C
row
n,
2003.
Ril
ey,
Pet
er. O
ur
Sola
r S
yst
em. R
andom
House
Val
ue
Publi
shin
g, 1996.
Sim
on,
Seym
ou
r. T
he
Moon. S
chust
er, 20
03.
o
What
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
unit
can
you o
ffer
abo
ut
lik
ely r
ou
gh s
pots
/stu
den
t m
isund
erst
andin
gs
and p
erfo
rman
ce w
eakn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rouble
shoot
those
iss
ues
?
To b
e co
mple
ted b
y D
istr
ict
teac
hers…
H - 157
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Educati
on P
age 1
1 o
f 1
0
Acc
om
mo
dati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips
H - 158
001430
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coa
liti
on
Gra
de
5 E
cosy
stem
s U
nit
Tem
pla
te
Cop
yrig
ht
2008 D
elaw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
H - 159
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
2
C
ha
rte
r S
ch
oo
l U
nit
Mo
dif
ica
tio
n
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
ren
ewa
l p
roce
sses
.
Th
rou
gh
a c
ov
er l
ette
r fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
esti
on
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o
ass
ist
mem
be
rs o
f th
e D
ela
wa
re D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
emen
t w
ork
gro
up
eff
ecti
vel
y e
va
lua
te c
ha
rter
sch
oo
l
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
Wh
y w
as
this
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n s
elec
ted
as
pa
rt o
f y
ou
r sc
ho
ols
’ cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed a
s p
art
of
Th
om
as
Ed
iso
n’s
cu
rric
ula
r su
bm
issi
on
bec
au
se t
hey
are
a p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n.
Stu
den
ts a
re a
ble
to
div
e in
dee
per
in
to l
an
d a
nd
wa
ter
rese
arc
h,
iden
tify
ing
th
e th
ing
s th
at
org
an
ism
s n
eed
to
su
rviv
e. S
tud
ents
als
o i
nv
esti
ga
te t
he
imp
act
th
at
hu
ma
n i
nte
ract
ion
ha
s o
n t
he
na
tura
l li
vin
g
env
iro
nm
ent
of
org
an
ism
s, m
ak
ing
th
em a
wa
re o
f th
e im
po
rta
nce
of
thei
r d
ail
y ch
oic
es.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
, so
th
e n
eed
s o
f a
ll l
earn
ers
can
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tra
inin
g s
o
they
are
co
nfi
den
t in
th
eir
ab
ilit
ies
to e
xec
ute
th
is k
it w
ith
fid
elit
y t
o a
ll l
earn
ers.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
a
va
ila
ble
to
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
be
en m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
.
H - 160
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
3
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. It
is
by
no m
ean
s in
ten
ded
to
be
incl
usi
ve;
rath
er i
t is
mea
nt
to b
e a
sp
rin
gb
oa
rd f
or
tea
cher
th
ou
gh
t a
nd
cre
ati
vity
. T
he
info
rma
tio
n w
e h
ave
in
clu
ded
rep
rese
nts
on
e p
oss
ibil
ity f
or
dev
elo
pin
g a
un
it
ba
sed
on
th
e D
ela
wa
re c
on
ten
t st
an
da
rds
an
d t
he
Un
der
sta
nd
ing
by
Desi
gn
fra
mew
ork
an
d p
hil
oso
ph
y.
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
In t
his
un
it, st
ud
ents
un
der
stan
d t
he
web
of
rela
tion
ship
s th
at
lin
ks
org
an
ism
s to
on
e an
oth
er a
nd
to t
hei
r n
atu
ral
envir
on
men
ts. B
y c
on
stru
ctin
g, ob
serv
ing, d
iscu
ssin
g, an
d r
ead
ing a
bou
t b
oth
lan
d a
nd
wa
ter
ecosy
stem
s in
th
is u
nit
, st
ud
ents
dev
elop
a g
row
ing s
ensi
tivit
y t
o l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
an
d w
hat
they
nee
d t
o s
urv
ive.
S
tud
ents
lea
rn t
hat
org
an
ism
s in
eco
syst
em
s h
ave
dep
end
ent
an
d i
nd
epen
den
t re
lati
on
ship
s a
nd
th
at
natu
ral
an
d h
um
an
-mad
e ev
ents
can
dis
turb
an
eco
syst
em
. T
hey
als
o l
earn
that
peo
ple
bri
ng d
iffe
ren
t p
ersp
ecti
ves
to e
nvir
on
men
tal
issu
es a
nd
th
at
they
can
work
toget
her
to d
evel
op
solu
tion
s. (S
TC
–
Eco
syst
ems)
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Co
nte
nt
Sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
Grad
e L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1, 6,
an
d 8
fou
nd
on
th
e fo
llow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_are
as/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
1:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nd
erst
andin
gs
and A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
involv
e as
kin
g a
fo
cuse
d s
cien
tifi
c ques
tion.
Inv
esti
gat
ions
dif
fer
dep
endin
g u
pon
the
ques
tion b
eing a
sked
.
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
4
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Gen
erat
e fo
cuse
d q
ues
tions
and i
nfo
rmed
pre
dic
tions
about
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
2.
Und
erst
and t
hat
: F
air
test
des
ign s
uppo
rts
the
val
idit
y o
f th
e in
ves
tigat
ion. S
om
etim
es i
t is
not
poss
ible
to k
now
ever
ythin
g
that
wil
l hav
e an
eff
ect
on t
he
inv
esti
gat
ion o
r co
ntr
ol
all
condit
ions.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Des
ign
and c
ondu
ct s
imple
to m
ult
i-st
ep i
nv
esti
gat
ions
in o
rder
to t
est
pre
dic
tions.
K
eep c
onst
ant
all
but
the
condit
ion b
eing t
este
d.
3. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
accu
rate
dat
a co
llec
tion i
s to
pro
vid
e ev
iden
ce t
o c
om
par
e w
ith t
he
pre
dic
tion.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t d
ata
usi
ng o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t.
Dis
pla
y a
nd o
rgan
ize
dat
a in
table
s, c
har
ts, dia
gra
ms,
and b
ar g
raphs
or
plo
ts o
ver
tim
e. C
om
par
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s w
ith a
nd f
rom
oth
ers.
4. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
he
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
ledge
gro
ws
as s
cien
tist
s as
k q
ues
tio
ns,
conduct
inv
esti
gat
ions,
dev
elop
expla
nat
ions
and c
om
par
e re
sult
s w
ith w
hat
is
alre
ady k
no
wn.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Const
ruct
a r
easo
nab
le e
xpla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzin
g e
vid
ence
fro
m t
he
dat
a. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion a
fter
com
par
ing r
esult
s w
ith o
ther
sou
rces
or
afte
r fu
rth
er i
nv
esti
gat
ion.
5. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
he
purp
ose
of
com
munic
atin
g i
s to
sh
are
and j
ust
ify r
esult
s.
Sci
enti
sts
com
munic
ate
thei
r re
sult
s to
oth
ers,
in
cludin
g t
he
det
ails
th
at a
llow
oth
ers
to r
epli
cate
the
resu
lts.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Com
munic
ate
pro
cedure
s, d
ata,
and e
xpla
nat
ions
to a
var
iety
of
audie
nce
s.
Just
ify t
he
resu
lts
by
usi
ng e
vid
ence
to f
orm
an a
rgum
ent.
6. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
he
use
of
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy a
re i
mp
ort
ant
in c
onduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
• B
e ab
le t
o:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g,
wri
tin
g, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sci
ence
, T
echnolo
gy, an
d S
oci
ety
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
1. S
cien
ce a
nd t
echnolo
gy a
re r
elat
ed. T
echnolo
gy p
rovid
es t
he
tools
nee
ded
for
scie
nce
to i
nv
esti
gat
e qu
esti
ons
and m
ay
pro
vid
e so
luti
ons
to s
oci
ety’s
pro
ble
ms,
wan
ts, o
r nee
ds.
N
ot
all
tech
nolo
gic
al s
olu
tions
are
effe
ctiv
e, u
nif
orm
ly
ben
efic
ial,
or
equal
ly a
vai
lable
to e
ver
yone.
His
tory
and C
onte
xt
of
Sci
ence
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
1. C
ontr
ibuti
ons
by indiv
idu
als
hav
e b
een e
ssen
tial
in a
dvan
cin
g t
he
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
led
ge.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• I
den
tify
natu
ral
(i.e
., w
ild
fire
, fl
oo
d,
and
d
rou
gh
t) a
nd
m
an
-mad
e c
han
ges (
fore
st c
lear
cu
ttin
g,
inp
ut
of
poll
uta
nts
,
fill
ing
in o
f m
ars
hla
nd
) to
an ecosyste
m.
Dis
cu
ss h
ow
th
ese c
han
ges a
ffect
th
e b
ala
nce o
f an
ecosyste
m.
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
5
Sta
nd
ard
6:
Lif
e P
roce
sses
M
atte
r an
d E
ner
gy T
ransf
orm
atio
ns
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. P
lants
nee
d t
he
Sun’s
ener
gy t
o g
row
and s
urv
ive.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• E
xpla
in t
hat
all
org
anis
ms
requir
e a
form
of
ener
gy t
o s
urv
ive
and t
hat
hum
ans
and o
ther
anim
als
obta
in e
ner
gy
and m
ater
ials
fro
m f
ood.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
: 2. A
nim
als
nee
d f
ood t
o p
rovid
e m
ater
ials
and e
ner
gy f
or
life
whic
h t
hey d
eriv
e dir
ectl
y o
r in
dir
ectl
y f
rom
pla
nts
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy e
xte
rnal
str
uct
ure
s (i
.e., l
egs)
and b
ehav
iors
(i.
e.,
wal
kin
g)
of
org
anis
ms
that
enab
le t
hem
to s
urv
ive
in t
hei
r
par
ticu
lar
ecosy
stem
and d
escr
ibe
how
th
ese
stru
cture
s en
able
the
org
anis
ms
to r
espond t
o i
nte
rnal
(i.
e., hunger
) an
d
exte
rnal
(i.
e., te
mper
ature
, dan
ger
) cu
es.
• R
esea
rch t
he
ways
that
a v
arie
ty o
f org
anis
ms
resp
ond t
o i
nte
rnal
(i.
e., n
eed f
or
food a
nd s
hel
ter)
and e
xte
rnal
(i.
e.,
pre
sence
of
pre
dat
ors
) cu
es. D
escr
ibe
the
sim
ilar
itie
s an
d d
iffe
ren
ces
amon
g t
he
org
anis
ms.
• Id
enti
fy a
nd d
iscu
ss h
ow
sho
rt-t
erm
and l
on
g-t
erm
alt
erat
ions
in t
he
envir
on
men
t af
fect
the
hea
lth o
f o
rgan
ism
s
found i
n t
hat
eco
syst
em.
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
3. T
he
dig
esti
ve
syst
em h
as m
ajor
stru
cture
s th
at f
unct
ion t
o b
reak
do
wn f
ood f
or
use
in t
he
bod
y. T
he
maj
or
par
ts o
f th
e
dig
esti
ve
syst
em i
ncl
ude
the
mouth
, es
oph
agus,
sto
mac
h, sm
all
inte
stin
e, a
nd l
arge
inte
stin
e.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• R
eco
gniz
e th
at t
he
dig
esti
ve
syst
em h
as m
any p
arts
th
at w
ork
toget
her
to p
erfo
rm a
fun
ctio
n i
n h
um
ans
and m
any o
ther
anim
als.
• D
escr
ibe
ho
w t
o p
rom
ote
hea
lth
y d
iges
tion a
nd r
ecogniz
e so
me
sym
pto
ms
that
indic
ate
dis
turb
ance
s as
soci
ated
wit
h t
he
no
rmal
funct
ionin
g o
f th
e dig
esti
ve
syst
em (
i.e.
, st
om
ach a
che,
fla
tule
nce
).
• Id
enti
fy, la
bel
the
par
ts, an
d d
escr
ibe
the
bas
ic f
un
ctio
ns
of
the
hum
an d
iges
tive
trac
t in
cludin
g t
he
mouth
, es
oph
agus,
stom
ach, sm
all
inte
stin
e, l
arge
inte
stin
e (c
olo
n),
rec
tum
, an
d a
nus.
• C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
hum
an b
od
y d
iges
tive
syst
em w
ith t
hat
of
oth
er a
nim
als
e.g., e
arth
worm
, ch
icken
, fi
sh,
crayfi
sh, sn
ail,
co
w.
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
6
Sta
nd
ard
8:
Eco
logy
Inte
ract
ions
wit
hin
the
Envir
onm
ent
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
2. A
ll l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s in
tera
ct w
ith t
he
livin
g a
nd n
onli
vin
g p
arts
of
thei
r su
rroundin
gs
to m
eet
thei
r nee
ds
for
surv
ival
.
Th
ese
inte
ract
ions
lead
to a
const
ant
exch
ange
of
mat
ter.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• E
xam
ine
a var
iety
of
eco
syst
ems
such
as
mar
sh,
pond, fi
eld,
fore
st. C
om
par
e how
the
org
anis
ms,
the
hab
itat
, an
d t
he
food c
hai
ns
are
sim
ilar
and d
iffe
rent
in t
hes
e ec
osy
stem
s.
• D
iffe
renti
ate
bet
wee
n a
n o
rgan
ism
’s “
hab
itat
” (w
her
e an
anim
al l
ives
) an
d i
ts “
terr
itory
” (a
n a
rea
clai
med
as
its
ow
n
spac
e). S
elec
t an
org
anis
m a
nd d
escr
ibe
its
hab
itat
and t
erri
tory
. S
tud
ents
should
know
that
: 3. A
dap
tati
ons
in o
rgan
ism
s en
able
th
em t
o l
ive
and r
epro
duce
in c
erta
in e
nvir
onm
ents
. T
hose
org
anis
ms
that
are
bes
t su
ited
for
par
ticu
lar
envir
onm
ents
hav
e ad
apta
tions
that
all
ow
th
em t
o c
om
pet
e fo
r av
aila
ble
res
ou
rces
and c
ope
wit
h t
he
ph
ysic
al
condit
ions
of
thei
r im
med
iate
surr
oundin
gs.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• P
redic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
how
a d
ram
atic
incr
ease
or
dec
reas
e in
the
popula
tion
siz
e of
a si
ngle
spec
ies
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
affe
cts
the
enti
re e
cosy
stem
. S
tud
ents
should
know
that
: 4. C
han
ges
in a
n o
rgan
ism
’s e
nvir
onm
ent
may b
e ei
ther
ben
efic
ial
or
har
mfu
l.
Org
anis
ms
may
be
affe
cted
by o
ther
org
anis
ms,
by v
ario
us
ph
ysi
cal
fact
ors
(e.
g., r
ainfa
ll, te
mper
ature
), b
y p
hys
ical
forc
es (
e.g., s
torm
s, e
arth
qu
akes
), a
nd b
y
dai
ly, se
ason
al,
and a
nn
ual
cycl
es.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy e
nvir
onm
enta
l fa
ctors
th
at a
ffec
t th
e gro
wth
and r
epro
du
ctio
n o
f org
anis
ms
in a
n e
cosy
stem
(e.
g., t
emper
ature
can a
ffec
t ger
min
atio
n a
nd s
oil
mois
ture
).
E
ner
gy F
low
and M
ater
ial
Cycl
es i
n t
he
Env
iron
men
t
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. P
lants
nee
d e
ner
gy f
rom
the
Sun, w
ater
and n
utr
ients
for
gro
wth
and s
urv
ival
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
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gh
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
7
• C
ondu
ct i
nv
esti
gat
ions
to s
imula
te t
erre
stri
al a
nd a
quat
ic e
cosy
stem
s an
d t
hei
r in
terd
epen
den
ce. D
emonst
rate
and
des
crib
e how
alt
erat
ion o
f one
par
t of
the
ecosy
stem
(i.
e., ch
ange
in p
H, over
fer
tili
zati
on,
addit
ion o
f sa
lt)
may c
ause
chan
ges
th
rou
ghout
the
enti
re e
cosy
stem
.
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
2. A
nim
als
eat
pla
nts
or
oth
er a
nim
als
that
hav
e ea
ten p
lants
. A
nim
als
obta
in e
ner
gy a
nd m
ater
ials
for
bo
dy r
epai
r an
d g
row
th
from
food.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy t
he
Sun a
s a
sou
rce
of
ener
gy t
hat
dri
ves
an e
cosy
stem
. D
escr
ibe
the
pat
h o
f en
erg
y f
rom
the
Sun t
o t
he
pro
duce
rs t
hen
to t
he
con
sum
er i
n t
he
food c
hai
n.
Rec
ogniz
e th
at a
n o
rgan
ism
has
dep
enden
t an
d i
nd
epen
den
t
rela
tionsh
ips
in a
n e
cosy
stem
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
3. D
ead p
lants
and a
nim
als
are
bro
ken
dow
n b
y d
ecom
pose
rs.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• C
ateg
ori
ze t
he
org
anis
ms
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
acc
ord
ing t
o t
he
fun
ctio
n t
hey s
erve
as p
roduce
rs,
con
sum
ers,
or
dec
om
pose
rs. E
xpla
in w
hy t
he
org
anis
m w
as c
ateg
ori
zed t
his
way.
H
um
an I
mpac
t
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. H
um
an a
ctiv
itie
s m
ay c
ause
poll
uti
on o
f ai
r, w
ater
and s
oil
.
Stu
den
t sh
ould
be
able
to:
• Id
enti
fy n
atura
l (i
.e., w
ildfi
re, fl
ood,
and d
rou
ght)
and m
an-m
ade
chan
ges
(fo
rest
cle
ar c
utt
ing, in
put
of
poll
uta
nts
,
fill
ing i
n o
f m
arsh
land)
to a
n e
cosy
stem
. D
iscu
ss h
ow
thes
e ch
anges
aff
ect
the
bal
ance
of
an e
cosy
stem
.
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
: 2. D
iffe
rent
tech
nolo
gie
s ar
e use
d t
o a
cces
s re
sou
rces
to m
eet
hum
an w
ants
and n
eeds.
In
man
y c
ases
the
envir
onm
ent
is
affe
cted
and r
esou
rces
bec
om
e li
mit
ed. S
om
e ac
tivit
ies
may
incl
ude
bu
rnin
g o
f fo
ssil
fuel
s, l
oggin
g,
buil
din
g o
f hig
hw
ays,
shoppin
g c
ente
rs,
and d
ams,
intr
oduct
ion o
f one
spec
ies
to c
ontr
ol
anoth
er s
pec
ies,
sp
rayi
ng o
f in
sect
s, a
s w
ell
as s
om
e
aspec
ts o
f fa
rmin
g.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
• E
xpla
in w
hy m
ovin
g o
rgan
ism
s fr
om
th
eir
ecosy
stem
to a
new
eco
syst
em m
ay u
pse
t th
e b
alan
ce o
f th
e new
ecosy
stem
, fo
r ex
ample
, b
y i
ntr
oduct
ion o
f dis
ease
s or
dep
leti
on o
f re
sou
rces
.
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ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
8
Big
Id
eas
•
Mod
els
are
use
d t
o d
upli
cate
, in
ves
tigat
e, a
nd a
nal
yze
aquat
ic a
nd t
erre
stri
al e
cosy
stem
s
•
Mod
els
are
use
d t
o o
bse
rve
inte
ract
ion
s w
ithin
an e
cosy
stem
•
Mod
els
are
use
d t
o i
nves
tiga
te t
he
impac
t of
hum
ans
on t
he
envir
onm
ent
•
Ener
gy a
nd m
atte
r cy
cle
thro
ugh a
n e
cosy
stem
•
Rea
son
ing a
nd
exp
lan
ati
on
s o
ffer
s so
luti
ons
to e
nvir
onm
enta
l p
roble
ms
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
stan
d t
hat…
•
Org
anis
ms
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ents
are
inte
rconnec
ted.
•
Chan
ges
in o
ne
par
t of
the
syst
em w
ill
affe
ct o
ther
par
ts o
f th
e sy
stem
.
•
Mat
ter
nee
ded
to s
ust
ain l
ife
is c
onti
nu
ally
rec
ycl
ed a
mong a
nd b
etw
een o
rgan
ism
s an
d t
he
envir
on
men
t.
•
Hum
ans
can a
lter
the
livin
g a
nd n
on
-liv
ing f
acto
rs w
ithin
an e
cosy
stem
, th
ereb
y c
reat
ing c
han
ges
to
the
over
all
syst
em.
•
The
life
pro
cess
es o
f o
rgan
ism
s ar
e af
fect
ed b
y t
hei
r in
tera
ctio
ns
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent
and m
ay b
e al
tere
d b
y
hum
an m
anip
ula
tion.
•
Sci
enti
fic
inquir
y i
nvolv
es a
skin
g s
cien
tifi
call
y-ori
ente
d q
ues
tions,
coll
ecti
ng e
vid
ence
, fo
rmin
g e
xpla
nat
ions,
connec
tin
g
expla
nat
ions
to s
cien
tifi
c know
ledge
and t
heo
ry,
and c
om
munic
atin
g a
nd j
ust
ifyi
ng t
he
expla
nat
ion.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
1. H
ow
can
chan
ge
in o
ne
par
t of
an e
cosy
stem
aff
ect
chan
ge
in o
ther
par
ts o
f th
e ec
osy
stem
?
2. H
ow
does
mat
ter
and e
ner
gy l
ink o
rgan
ism
s to
eac
h o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent?
Wh
y is
sunli
ght
esse
nti
al t
o l
ife
on E
arth
?
3. H
ow
do h
um
ans
hav
e an
im
pac
t on t
he
div
ersi
ty a
nd s
tabil
ity o
f ec
osy
stem
s?
4. H
ow
is
matt
er a
nd
en
ergy t
ran
sfer
red
/tra
nsf
orm
ed i
n l
ivin
g s
yst
ems?
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ela
ware
Dep
art
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t of
Edu
cati
on
9
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Stu
den
ts w
ill
kn
ow….
•
How
to c
onduct
sim
ple
ex
per
imen
ts
•
How
to s
et u
p a
mod
el
•
How
to c
oll
ect,
rec
ord
, an
alyze
dat
a usi
ng s
imple
tools
•
How
to c
are
for
and m
ainta
in l
ivin
g o
rgan
ism
s
•
How
to m
easu
re t
he
pH
of
soil
and w
ater
•
Under
stan
d t
he
effe
cts
of
poll
uta
nts
on
the
envir
onm
ent
•
Under
stan
d t
hat
inte
ract
ions
wit
hin
and a
mong l
ivin
g s
yst
ems
cause
s ch
anges
in m
atte
r an
d e
ner
gy
•
Under
stan
d t
hat
org
anis
ms
are
link
ed t
o e
ach o
ther
and t
o t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ents
in a
web
of
rela
tionsh
ips
•
Under
stan
d t
hat
an e
cosy
stem
is
a co
mm
unit
y o
f o
rgan
ism
s th
at i
nte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
he
envir
onm
ent.
•
Under
stan
d t
hat
hum
ans
can a
ffec
t ec
osy
stem
s in
man
y w
ays
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
ab
le to…..
Ex
amin
e a
var
iety
of
eco
syst
ems
such
as
mar
sh,
pond, fi
eld,
fore
st. C
om
par
e how
the
org
anis
ms,
the
hab
itat
, an
d t
he
food c
hai
ns
are
sim
ilar
and d
iffe
rent
in t
hes
e ec
osy
stem
s.
D
iffe
renti
ate
bet
wee
n a
n o
rgan
ism
’s “
hab
itat
” (w
her
e an
anim
al l
ives
) an
d i
ts “
terr
ito
ry”
(an a
rea
clai
med
as
its
ow
n s
pac
e). S
elec
t an
org
anis
m a
nd d
escr
ibe
its
hab
itat
and t
erri
tory
.
P
redic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
how
a d
ram
atic
incr
ease
or
dec
reas
e in
the
popula
tion
siz
e of
a si
ngle
spec
ies
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
aff
ects
the
enti
re e
cosy
stem
.
Id
enti
fy e
nvir
onm
enta
l fa
ctors
th
at a
ffec
t th
e gro
wth
and r
epro
du
ctio
n o
f org
anis
ms
in a
n e
cosy
stem
(e.
g., t
emp
erat
ure
can
aff
ect
ger
min
atio
n a
nd s
oil
mois
ture
).
C
ondu
ct i
nv
esti
gat
ions
to s
imula
te t
erre
stri
al a
nd a
quat
ic e
cosy
stem
s an
d t
hei
r in
terd
epen
den
ce. D
emonst
rate
and d
escr
ibe
how
alte
rati
on o
f one
par
t of
the
ecosy
stem
(i.
e.,
chan
ge
in p
H, over
fer
tili
zati
on,
addit
ion o
f sa
lt)
may
cau
se c
han
ges
th
rou
ghout
the
enti
re
eco
syst
em.
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1 0
Cat
ego
rize
the
org
anis
ms
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
acc
ord
ing t
o t
he
fun
ctio
n t
hey
ser
ve
as p
roduce
rs,
con
sum
ers,
or
dec
om
po
sers
. E
xpla
in
wh
y t
he
org
anis
m w
as c
ateg
ori
zed t
his
way.
Id
enti
fy t
he
Sun a
s a
sou
rce
of
ener
gy t
hat
dri
ves
an e
cosy
stem
. D
escr
ibe
the
pat
h o
f en
erg
y f
rom
th
e S
un t
o t
he
pro
duce
rs t
hen
to t
he
consu
mer
in
the
food c
hai
n. R
ecogniz
e th
at a
n o
rgan
ism
has
dep
enden
t an
d i
nd
epen
den
t re
lati
onsh
ips
in a
n e
cosy
stem
.
Id
enti
fy n
atura
l (i
.e., w
ildfi
re, fl
ood,
and d
rou
ght)
and m
an-m
ade
chan
ges
(fo
rest
cle
ar c
utt
ing, in
put
of
poll
uta
nts
, fi
llin
g i
n o
f
mar
shla
nd)
to a
n e
cosy
stem
. D
iscu
ss h
ow
th
ese
chan
ges
aff
ect
the
bal
ance
of
an e
cosy
stem
.
E
xpla
in w
hy m
ovin
g o
rgan
ism
s fr
om
th
eir
ecosy
stem
to a
new
eco
syst
em m
ay u
pse
t th
e b
alan
ce o
f th
e new
eco
syst
em,
for
exam
ple
,
by i
ntr
oduct
ion o
f dis
ease
s or
dep
leti
on o
f re
sou
rces
.
E
xpla
in t
hat
all
org
anis
ms
requir
e a
form
of
ener
gy t
o s
urv
ive
and t
hat
hum
ans
and o
ther
anim
als
obta
in e
ner
gy a
nd m
ater
ials
fro
m
food.
Id
enti
fy a
nd d
iscu
ss h
ow
sho
rt-t
erm
and l
on
g-t
erm
alt
erat
ions
in t
he
envir
on
men
t af
fect
the
hea
lth o
f org
anis
ms
found i
n t
hat
eco
syst
em.
G
ener
ate
focu
sed q
ues
tions
and i
nfo
rmed
pre
dic
tions
about
the
nat
ura
l w
orl
d.
Des
ign a
nd c
ondu
ct s
imple
to m
ult
i-st
ep i
nv
esti
gat
ions
in o
rder
to t
est
pre
dic
tions.
K
eep c
onst
ant
all
but
the
condit
ion b
eing t
este
d.
Acc
ura
tely
coll
ect
dat
a u
sing o
bse
rvat
ions,
sim
ple
tools
and e
quip
men
t.
Dis
pla
y a
nd o
rgan
ize
dat
a in
tab
les,
ch
arts
, dia
gra
ms,
and b
ar
gra
phs
or
plo
ts o
ver
tim
e. C
om
par
e an
d q
ues
tion
res
ult
s w
ith a
nd f
rom
oth
ers.
Const
ruct
a r
easo
nab
le e
xpla
nat
ion b
y a
nal
yzin
g e
vid
ence
fro
m t
he
dat
a.
Rev
ise
the
expla
nat
ion a
fter
com
par
ing r
esult
s w
ith o
ther
sou
rces
or
afte
r fu
rther
inves
tigat
ion.
C
om
munic
ate
pro
cedure
s, d
ata,
and e
xpla
nat
ions
to a
var
iety
of
audie
nce
s.
Just
ify t
he
resu
lts
by u
sing e
vid
ence
to f
orm
an a
rgum
ent.
H - 168
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
0
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
. N
ote
: D
iges
tive
Syst
em l
esso
ns
nee
d t
o b
e d
evel
op
ed –
poss
ibly
wit
h F
OO
D C
hain
s or
oth
er a
ctiv
itie
s th
at
the
teach
er h
as.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(D
esig
n A
ssess
men
ts T
o G
uid
e I
nst
ru
cti
on
)
Su
gg
este
d P
erfo
rma
nce
Task
(s)
The
Eco
syst
ems
unit
is
asse
ssed
thro
ugh t
he
use
of
an e
nd
-of-
unit
sum
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent.
T
his
ass
essm
ent
is i
nte
nded
to u
nco
ver
stud
ent
mis
conce
pti
ons,
whic
h w
ill
then
info
rm i
nst
ruct
ion.
Both
the
stu
den
t guid
e an
d t
each
er r
ubri
cs a
re i
ncl
uded
. T
o a
cces
s th
e
end
-of-
unit
su
mm
ativ
e as
sess
men
t, go
to
th
e w
eb si
te l
iste
d bel
ow
. C
lick
on th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Com
pre
hen
sive
Ass
essm
ent
Pro
gra
m.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
onte
nt_
area
s/sc
ien
ce.s
htm
l
Key
Tra
nsf
er I
dea
s:
1.
Under
stan
d t
hat
org
anis
ms
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
inte
ract
wit
h e
ach o
ther
and t
hei
r en
vir
onm
ent.
2.
Under
stan
d t
hat
org
anis
ms
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
can
be
cate
gori
zed a
s p
roduce
rs,
consu
mer
s, o
r dec
om
pose
rs a
nd c
an b
e
sequen
ced i
n s
imple
food c
hai
ns.
3.
Under
stan
d t
hat
food w
ebs
are
dia
gra
ms
that
ill
ust
rate
the
dep
enden
t an
d i
nte
r-dep
enden
t re
lati
onsh
ips
wit
hin
eco
syst
ems.
4.
Under
stan
d t
hat
the
gro
wth
and r
epro
du
ctio
n o
f org
anis
ms
wit
hin
an e
cosy
stem
are
aff
ecte
d b
y f
acto
rs s
uch
as
food, li
ght,
wat
er,
tem
per
ature
, an
d a
cidit
y (
pH
).
5.
Under
stan
d t
hat
nat
ura
l ev
ents
and h
um
an a
ctiv
itie
s ca
n c
ause
a d
istu
rban
ce t
o o
r im
bal
ance
of
an e
cosy
stem
.
6.
Under
stan
d t
he
requir
emen
ts f
or
the
surv
ival
of
org
anis
ms.
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ela
ware
Dep
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men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
1
7.
Iden
tify
th
e su
n a
s a
sou
rce
of
ener
gy.
8.
Des
crib
e th
e pat
h o
f en
erg
y f
rom
the
sun t
o t
he
pro
duce
rs a
nd t
hen
to t
he
consu
mer
s.
9.
Per
form
a c
riti
cal
anal
ysi
s o
f ev
iden
ce;
dis
tin
guis
h o
pin
ion f
rom
scie
nti
fic
evid
ence
.
E
xp
ecta
tion
s of
Stu
den
ts:
• Id
enti
fy l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
in a
n e
co-c
olu
mn.
• Id
enti
fy n
on-l
ivin
g t
hin
gs
in a
n e
co-c
olu
mn.
• Id
enti
fy b
asic
nee
ds
of
fish
to s
urv
ive
in a
n e
cosy
stem
and w
hy t
hes
e nee
ds
are
esse
nti
al.
•
Iden
tify
bas
ic n
eeds
of
pla
nts
to s
urv
ive
in a
n e
cosy
stem
and w
hy t
hes
e nee
ds
are
esse
nti
al.
• D
escr
ibe
pla
usi
ble
co
nse
quen
ces
to o
ver
cro
wdin
g o
f fi
sh i
n a
n e
cosy
stem
.
• Id
enti
fy t
he
Sun a
s th
e so
urc
e of
ener
gy i
n a
n e
cosy
stem
.
• D
escr
ibe
the
pat
h o
f en
erg
y f
rom
the
Sun t
o p
roduce
rs t
o c
om
pose
rs.
• G
iven
a p
ictu
re,
com
ple
te a
sim
ple
food c
hai
n.
• D
escr
ibe
ho
w p
opula
tions
wit
hin
a w
etla
nd e
cosy
stem
may b
e af
fect
ed i
f an
org
anis
m i
s re
mov
ed.
• Id
enti
fy c
han
ges
in p
opula
tion d
ata
over
tim
e.
• Id
enti
fy a
cau
se f
or
chan
ges
in p
opula
tion d
ata
ov
er t
ime.
• R
ead a
gra
ph a
nd i
den
tify
a t
rend.
• O
bse
rve
a w
ater
sam
ple
and r
eco
rd o
bse
rvat
ions.
• M
easu
re p
H.
• In
terp
ret
a pH
tes
t.
• R
elat
e dat
a fr
om
sev
eral
sou
rces
to a
wat
er s
ample
.
• Ju
stif
y a
posi
tion u
sin
g e
vid
ence
.
Les
son 1
4 s
tud
ents
rep
ort
on t
hei
r poll
uta
nts
use
les
son f
orm
at a
s guid
e, s
tud
ents
can
use
th
eir
ow
n f
orm
at f
or
thei
r gro
up
H - 170
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
2
pre
senta
tions.
L
esso
n 1
5 c
an a
lso b
e use
d a
s a
per
form
ance
tas
ks
as t
hey
do t
hei
r pre
senta
tions,
use
les
son f
orm
at a
s a
guid
e.
See
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k1
2.d
e.us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
onte
nt_
are
as/s
cien
ce.s
htm
l
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
Les
son 1
4 p
rese
nta
tion:
mak
e su
re e
ach g
roup d
iscu
sses
and r
eport
s on t
he
foll
ow
ing.
•
The
effe
cts
of
thei
r poll
uta
nt
on t
he
terr
ariu
m
•
The
effe
cts
of
thei
r poll
uta
nt
on t
he
aquar
ium
•
What
the
gro
up p
redic
ted a
bou
t th
e ef
fect
s of
thei
r poll
uta
nt
on t
he
anim
als
in a
n e
cosy
stem
poll
ute
d w
ith t
hei
r poll
uta
nt.
Les
son 1
5 p
rese
nta
tion:
mak
e su
re e
ach g
roup m
eets
the
foll
ow
ing r
equir
emen
ts.
•
Sta
tes
the
pro
ble
m
•
Lis
ts p
ropose
d s
olu
tions
•
Des
crib
es t
he
advan
tages
of
each
solu
tion
•
Des
crib
es t
he
dis
advan
tages
of
each
solu
tion
See
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k1
2.d
e.us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
onte
nt_
are
as/s
cien
ce.s
htm
l
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Tea
cher
can
des
ign t
hei
r ow
n p
re/p
ost
unit
tes
t fo
r th
is u
nit
.
Dra
win
gs
stud
ents
mak
e in
th
eir
scie
nce
journ
al c
an b
e an
ex
cell
ent,
quic
k a
sses
smen
t fo
rmat
.
Tea
cher
obse
rvat
ion.
An e
nti
re l
esso
n c
an b
e use
d a
s an
em
bed
ded
ass
essm
ent.
Stu
den
t S
elf-
Ass
essm
ent
an
d R
efle
ctio
n
Sel
f –as
sess
men
t L
esso
n 8
. T
wo e
nvir
on
men
tal
pro
ble
ms
pgs.
24
-26.
“Dia
per
s:
An e
nvir
onm
enta
l P
rob
lem
” “A
n E
nvir
onm
enta
l D
ecis
ion:
Oil
Fie
lds
or
a
Nat
ura
l R
efu
ge?
”
H - 171
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
3
•
The
pro
ble
m b
egin
s w
ith t
hre
e qu
esti
ons
inte
nded
to h
elp s
tud
ents
focu
s on t
he
mai
n i
ssu
es a
s th
ey r
ead.
•
A r
eadin
g s
elec
tion d
escr
ibes
th
e pro
ble
m f
rom
dif
fere
nt
poin
ts o
f vie
w.
•
Tw
o q
ues
tions
at t
he
end a
sk s
tud
ents
to t
ake
a st
and o
n t
he
issu
e an
d t
hen
bac
k u
p t
hei
r ch
oic
e w
ith r
easo
n.
Fro
m S
TC
kit
Eco
syst
ems
pgs.
23
-26 S
tud
ent
Ass
essm
ent
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esi
gn
Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
itie
s T
o A
lig
n w
ith
Go
als
an
d A
sses
smen
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
N
atio
nal
Sci
ence
Res
ou
rce
Cen
ter.
ST
C E
cosy
stem
s.
Les
son
1
Stu
den
ts f
ocu
s on t
he
topic
of
ecosy
stem
s an
d s
erv
es a
s a
pre
-unit
ass
essm
ent
of
thei
r know
led
ge
and q
ues
tions
rela
ted t
o e
cosy
stem
s.
A d
iscu
ssio
n i
s p
rom
pte
d b
y a
n i
llust
rati
on o
f a
river
ban
k t
hat
pro
vid
es a
dd
itio
nal
in
form
atio
n a
bout
idea
s re
gar
din
g r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n l
ivin
g a
nd n
on l
ivin
g t
hin
gs.
Les
son
2
This
les
son i
ntr
oduce
s st
uden
ts t
o t
he
pro
cess
of
usi
ng a
mod
el f
or
mak
ing s
cien
tifi
c obse
rvat
ions.
By c
onst
ruct
ing m
od
el t
erra
rium
s an
d b
egin
nin
g a
wri
tten
rec
ord
of
the
com
pon
ents
, st
ud
ents
beg
in t
o t
hin
k a
bout
the
rela
tion
ship
s am
ong t
he
livin
g a
nd n
on l
ivin
g
thin
gs.
Les
son
3
In t
his
les
son s
tud
ents
set
up t
hei
r m
od
el a
quar
ia a
nd d
iscu
ss t
he
nee
ds
of
org
anis
ms
in a
n a
quat
ic e
nvir
onm
ent.
Aft
er c
aref
ull
y
obse
rvin
g t
he
aquat
ic p
lants
stu
den
ts u
se a
ser
ies
of
read
ing s
elec
tions
to d
isco
ver
more
about
thes
e o
rgan
ism
s an
d t
he
role
s th
ey p
lay
in m
ainta
inin
g t
he
ecosy
stem
.
Les
son
4
Stu
den
ts b
uil
d o
n t
he
under
stan
din
gs
that
gre
en p
lants
mak
e th
eir
ow
n f
ood a
nd s
hif
t th
eir
focu
s fr
om
pla
nts
as
pro
duce
rs o
f fo
od t
o
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gh
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08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
4
an
imal
s as
consu
mer
s of
food. S
tud
ents
add a
nd o
bse
rve
aqu
atic
anim
als
and r
ead t
o l
earn
mo
re a
bout
thei
r an
imal
s in
the
aquar
ia.
Les
son
5
Thro
ugh a
cla
ss w
ebbin
g a
ctiv
ity s
tud
ents
synth
esiz
e w
hat
th
ey h
ave
read
and o
bse
rved
about
aquat
ic e
cosy
stem
s. I
n w
riti
ng,
stud
ents
th
en f
ocu
s on t
he
dep
enden
t an
d i
nte
rdep
enden
t re
lati
onsh
ips
in t
hei
r ec
osy
stem
s to
id
enti
fy o
bse
rvab
le e
vid
ence
that
th
ese
rela
tionsh
ips
real
ly d
o e
xis
t.
Les
son
6
Stu
den
ts r
ecord
init
ial
obse
rvat
ions
of
the
terr
ariu
m a
nim
als
they
hav
e ad
ded
and a
nal
yze
the
role
org
anis
ms
pla
y i
n a
sta
ble
ec
osy
stem
. T
his
anal
ysis
pre
par
es s
tud
ents
to m
ake
furt
her
pre
dic
tions
about
how
liv
ing t
hin
gs
affe
ct e
ach o
ther
.
Les
son
7
Usi
ng a
ter
rest
rial
food c
hai
n w
hee
l an
d a
web
bin
g a
ctiv
ity, st
ud
ents
lea
rn m
ore
about
the
con
cepts
of
food c
hai
ns,
dep
enden
ce, an
d
inte
rdep
enden
ce. T
hey c
om
par
e la
nd a
nd
aquat
ic e
cosy
stem
s an
d r
efle
ct o
n h
ow
the
two s
yste
ms
are
inte
rdep
end
entl
y r
elat
ed a
fter
ph
ysi
call
y j
oin
ing t
hei
r aq
uar
ia a
nd t
erra
rium
to m
ake
an e
coco
lum
n.
Les
son
8
Usi
ng t
hei
r m
od
el e
cosy
stem
s, s
tud
ents
ob
serv
e des
crib
e an
d c
om
par
e st
able
and d
istu
rbed
eco
syst
ems.
S
tud
ents
id
enti
fy a
nd d
iscu
ss
nat
ura
l an
d h
um
an m
ade
cause
s th
at c
an d
istu
rb a
n e
cosy
stem
.
Les
son
9
Thro
ugh r
esea
rch s
tud
ents
mak
e a
clas
sroom
pre
senta
tion a
bout
thre
e poll
uta
nts
and t
he
trad
e off
s in
volv
ed w
hen
hum
ans
rele
ase
poll
uta
nts
in
to t
he
envir
onm
ent.
S
tud
ents
ob
serv
e th
eir
stab
le e
cosy
stem
s an
d r
ecord
obse
rvat
ions.
Les
son
10
In t
his
les
son s
tud
ents
apply
what
th
ey l
earn
ed a
bout
poll
uta
nts
in l
esso
ns
8 a
nd 9
in p
repar
atio
n o
f des
ignin
g t
hei
r ow
n p
oll
uti
on
ex
per
imen
t on t
hei
r ec
oco
lum
ns.
Stu
den
ts u
se a
pla
nnin
g w
ork
shee
t to
fo
rmula
te a
spec
ific
ex
per
imen
tal
qu
esti
on a
nd m
ake
pre
dic
tions
about
the
resu
lts.
T
hro
ugh
this
ex
per
ience
stu
den
ts g
ain a
ddit
ion
al i
nsi
ght
into
the
use
of
mod
elin
g t
o t
est
and o
bse
rve
cause
and e
ffec
t.
Les
son
11
H - 173
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Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
5
In
this
les
son s
tud
ents
im
ple
men
t th
eir
poll
uti
on e
xper
imen
t to
tes
t th
eir
hypoth
eses
. T
his
giv
es s
tuden
ts e
xper
ience
in u
sin
g
sim
ula
tions,
rec
ord
ing r
esult
s, a
nd v
erif
yin
g p
red
icti
ons.
Stu
den
ts a
lso d
isco
ver
the
use
fuln
ess
of
var
yin
g r
esult
s. S
tud
ent’
s m
ix a
nd
mea
sure
chem
ical
s as
ou
tlin
ed i
n t
hei
r poll
uti
on p
lannin
g w
ork
shee
t.
Les
son
12
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
and r
ecord
the
effe
cts
of
poll
uta
nts
hav
e had
on t
he
clas
sroom
eco
syst
ems
use
d i
n t
he
exper
imen
ts.
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
and d
iscu
ss t
he
contr
ol
ecoco
lum
n. T
hen
, b
y t
esti
ng e
ach a
quar
ium
s p
H, st
uden
ts d
isco
ver
that
one
syst
em h
as a
ffec
ted t
he
oth
er-
a
con
cept
rela
ted t
o r
eal
worl
d l
and a
nd w
ater
syst
ems.
Les
son
13
Ref
lect
ing o
n t
hei
r ex
per
ience
s as
ex
per
imen
ters
in l
esso
n 1
2, st
ud
ents
no
w f
ocu
s on h
ow
sci
enti
sts
use
mod
els
to a
nsw
er q
ues
tions.
B
y c
om
par
ing t
he
resu
lts
of
thei
r ex
per
imen
ts, st
uden
ts a
lso l
earn
the
imp
ort
ance
of
usi
ng c
ontr
ols
and a
ver
agin
g d
ata.
Les
son
14
Stu
den
ts r
eport
on t
hei
r te
ams
po
lluti
on e
xper
imen
ts a
nd a
nal
yze
the
dat
a an
d t
he
effe
cts
of
each
poll
uta
nt.
By r
eadin
g a
bou
t a
real
ec
osy
stem
in d
anger
, th
e C
hes
apea
ke
Bay, th
ey s
tart
ex
plo
ring w
ays
to s
olv
e re
al l
ife
envir
onm
enta
l pro
ble
ms.
Les
son
15
Stu
den
ts n
ow
use
role
pla
yin
g t
o e
xam
ine
the
Ches
apea
ke
Bay f
rom
dif
fere
nt
poin
ts o
f vie
w, th
e ord
inar
y c
itiz
en, dai
ry f
arm
er,
wat
erm
an, la
nd d
evel
op
er a
nd r
ecre
atio
nal
bo
ater
. B
y c
om
ple
tin
g a
pro
ble
m s
olv
ing s
hee
t, s
tud
ent
gro
ups
anal
yze
the
Bays
pro
ble
ms
from
one
of
thes
e per
spec
tives
, p
ropose
solu
tions,
and i
den
tify
tra
de-
off
s.
Les
son
16
Stu
den
ts p
rese
nt
an e
nvir
onm
enta
l p
roble
m f
rom
a p
arti
cula
r poin
t of
vie
w a
nd p
ropose
solu
tions.
S
tud
ents
ex
amin
e th
eir
ow
n l
ives
an
d h
ow
they c
an f
ind s
olu
tions
to s
om
e of
the
worl
d’s
envir
onm
enta
l p
rob
lem
s.
R
eso
urc
es &
Tea
chin
g T
ips
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
eso
urc
es b
est
sup
port
th
is u
nit
?
M
oo
re, E
va.
The
Sto
ry o
f G
eorg
e W
ash
ing
ton C
arv
er. 1971. S
chola
stic
In
c.
ISB
N 0
-590-4
2660
-5. T
his
is
a gre
at b
ook f
or
read
ing
H - 174
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gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
6
w
hil
e te
achin
g E
cosy
stem
s.
It i
s an
eas
y b
iogra
ph
y t
o r
ead w
ith a
ctu
al p
hoto
gra
phs.
I
use
to h
ave
the
stud
ents
mak
e a
tim
elin
e of
impo
rtan
t ev
ents
in G
eorg
e's
life
as
they r
ead t
he
book. I
usu
ally
had
the
stud
ents
rea
d t
his
book d
uri
ng F
ebru
ary (
Bla
ck H
isto
ry
Month
) or
whil
e st
ud
yin
g t
he
Civ
il W
ar. I
t w
ould
als
o w
ork
wel
l w
hil
e te
achin
g M
ixtu
res
and S
olu
tions
(Lin
da
Mosl
ey-
Red
Cla
y
Lea
d T
each
er)
P
opula
tions
and E
cosy
stem
s. 1
996.
Sil
ver
Burd
ett
Gin
n I
nc.
IS
BN
0-3
82-3
3479
-5 P
opula
tions
and E
cosy
stem
s has
gre
at a
ctiv
itie
s
that
tea
cher
s ca
n d
o i
n a
nd o
ut
of
the
clas
sroom
. (L
inda
Mosl
ey-
Red
Cla
y L
ed T
each
er)
W
alker
, C
oli
n. E
colo
gy.
1992. T
he
Wri
ght
Gro
up.
ISB
N 0
-7802-0
451.
Conta
ins
lots
of
colo
rful
illu
stra
tions
of
pla
nts
and a
nim
als
that
can
be
use
d a
s a
refe
rence
for
wri
ting r
eport
s. (
Lin
da
Mosl
ey-
Red
cla
y L
ead T
each
er)
W
alker
, C
oli
n.
The
Envi
ronm
ent.
The
Wri
ght
Gro
up.
ISB
N 0
-7802-0
465-4
.
This
is
full
of
acti
vit
ies,
bla
ck a
nd w
hit
e photo
gra
phs
and c
har
ts/d
iagra
ms
that
can
be
use
d a
s a
refe
ren
ce f
or
wri
ting r
eport
s. (
Lin
da
Mosl
ey-
Red
cla
y L
ead
Tea
cher
)
W
alker
, C
oli
n. F
ore
st F
ore
ver.
1992. T
he
Wri
ght
Gro
up.
ISB
N 0
-7802-0
455
-7. T
his
has
colo
rful
photo
gra
phs
that
can
be
use
d f
or
refe
rence
. (L
inda
Mosl
ey-
Red
Cla
y L
ead T
each
er)
Lora
x –
Dr.
Su
ess
A R
iver
Ran
Wil
d
Co
me
Back
Salm
on
Eco
logy M
yst
ery S
tori
es –
Jea
n C
raig
hea
d G
eorg
e
T
rou
ble
at
Mars
h H
arb
or
Vid
eo /
Web
site
s
Bil
l N
ye
Vid
eo –
Eco
syst
em
s
H - 175
001447
Copyri
gh
t 20
08 D
ela
ware
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
1
7
Fre
dd
y t
he
Fis
h –
on
-lin
e gre
at
for
tex
t-b
ase
d L
A a
sses
smen
t
F
ield
Tri
ps
Bom
bay H
oo
k/
Ab
bott’s
Mil
l – c
over
s th
e d
iges
tive
syst
em o
f th
e fi
sh
Sm
yrn
a A
qu
ati
c C
ente
r –
Eco
-exp
lore
rs P
rogra
m
Ash
lan
d N
atu
re C
ente
r
o
Wh
at
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
un
it c
an
you
off
er a
bou
t li
kel
y r
ou
gh
sp
ots
/stu
den
t m
isu
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d p
erfo
rman
ce
wea
kn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rou
ble
shoot
those
iss
ues
?
E
mp
hasi
ze t
he
sun
as
the
sou
rce
of
ener
gy.
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips
W
IDA
En
gli
sh L
angu
age
Pro
fici
ency S
tandar
ds
for
Engli
sh l
anguag
e L
earn
ers.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
ida.
us/
Res
ou
rces
/sta
ndar
ds/
Fle
xib
le g
rou
pin
g f
or
read
ing a
sses
smen
ts.
Rea
d A
lou
d.
Pro
vid
e st
ud
ents
wit
h s
crib
es.
Use
ass
isti
ve
tech
nolo
gy.
Use
bil
ingu
al
test
s.
H - 176
001448
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coali
tio
n
Gra
de
6 U
nit
Tem
pla
te
Forc
e &
Moti
on
Copyr
igh
t 2008 D
elaw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
1 o
f 9
H - 177
001449
Ch
ar
ter
Sc
ho
ol
Un
it M
od
ific
ati
on
T
he
foll
ow
ing
qu
esti
on
s h
av
e b
een
dev
elo
ped
to
ass
ist
in t
he
refi
nem
ent
of
the
req
uir
ed s
cop
e a
nd
se
qu
ence
do
cum
ents
an
d a
cco
mp
an
yin
g u
nit
s o
f in
stru
ctio
n f
or
the
cha
rter
sch
oo
l a
pp
rov
al
an
d r
en
ewa
l p
roce
sses
.
Th
rou
gh
a c
ov
er
lett
er f
orm
at
thes
e q
ues
tio
ns
sho
uld
be
ad
dre
ssed
to
ass
ist
mem
be
rs o
f th
e D
ela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t o
f E
du
cati
on
Cu
rric
ulu
m a
nd
In
stru
ctio
na
l Im
pro
vem
en
t w
ork
gro
up
eff
ecti
vel
y e
va
lua
te c
ha
rter
sch
oo
l a
pp
lica
tio
ns.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
W
hy
wa
s th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
sel
ecte
d a
s p
art
of
yo
ur
sch
oo
ls’ c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed
as
pa
rt o
f T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
’s c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n b
eca
use
th
ey a
re a
pa
rt
of
the
DE
Sci
ence
Co
ali
tio
n.
Th
is u
nit
all
ow
s st
ud
ents
to
dee
pen
th
eir
un
der
sta
nd
ing
of
ene
rgy
, in
ves
tig
ati
ng
fu
rth
er
the
ide
a o
f tr
an
sfer
of
ener
gy
. T
hey
bro
ad
en
th
eir
init
ial
un
der
sta
nd
ing
by
rea
lizi
ng
th
at
no
t a
ll e
ner
gy
tra
nsf
ers
are
re
ver
sib
le.
2
. W
ha
t m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to
th
e m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
to
mee
t th
e sp
ecif
ic n
eed
s o
f th
e st
ud
ent
po
pu
lati
on
yo
ur
sch
oo
l se
rves
?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
. S
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
of
inst
ruct
ion
are
im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
des
ign
of
this
un
it.
All
tea
cher
s w
ill
ha
ve
kit
tra
inin
g,
ther
eby
po
sses
sin
g t
he
skil
ls n
eces
sary
to
tea
ch t
his
un
it a
nd
re
ach
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le t
o
yo
ur
sch
oo
l?
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
un
it.
H - 178
001450
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. It
is
by
no
mea
ns
inte
nd
ed t
o b
e in
clu
sive
; ra
ther
it
is m
ean
t to
be
a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r a
tea
cher
’s t
ho
ug
hts
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e B
ack
wa
rd D
esig
n f
ram
ewo
rk a
nd
ph
ilo
sop
hy.
C
opyr
ight
200
8, D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n Pa
ge 2
of 9
H - 179
001451
Sta
ge 1
: D
esi
red
Resu
lts
Dela
wa
re S
cie
nce C
on
ten
t S
tan
da
rd
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
ela
ware S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
da
rd
s a
nd
Gra
de L
evel
Ex
pec
tati
on
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1
an
d 3
fo
un
d o
n t
he
foll
ow
ing
web
sit
e:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k1
2.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t areas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
On
e:
Th
e N
atu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n o
f S
cie
nce a
nd
Tech
no
log
y U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d A
bil
itie
s o
f S
cie
nti
fic I
nq
uir
y:
Stu
den
ts s
ho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
1.
Fra
me
an
d r
efin
e q
ues
tion
s th
at
can
be
inves
tigate
d s
cien
tifi
call
y, an
d g
ener
ate
tes
tab
le h
yp
oth
eses.
2.
Des
ign
an
d c
on
du
ct i
nves
tigati
on
s w
ith
con
troll
ed v
ari
ab
les
to t
est
hyp
oth
eses
.
3.
Accu
rate
ly c
oll
ect
data
th
rou
gh
th
e s
ele
ctio
n a
nd
use
of
tools
an
d t
ech
niq
ues
ap
pro
pria
te t
o t
he i
nv
est
iga
tio
n.
Co
nst
ru
ct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
an
d g
rap
hs,
sh
ow
ing r
ela
tio
nsh
ips
betw
een
tw
o v
ari
ab
les,
to
dis
pla
y a
nd
fa
cili
tate
an
aly
sis
of
da
ta.
Co
mp
are a
nd
qu
est
ion
resu
lts
wit
h a
nd
from
oth
er s
tud
en
ts.
4.
Fo
rm
ex
pla
nati
on
s b
ase
d o
n a
ccu
ra
te a
nd
lo
gic
al
an
aly
sis
of
ev
iden
ce.
Rev
ise t
he e
xp
lan
ati
on
usi
ng
alt
ern
ati
ve
desc
rip
tion
s, p
red
icti
on
s, m
od
els
an
d k
no
wle
dg
e f
ro
m o
ther s
ou
rce
s a
s w
ell
as
resu
lts
of
furth
er i
nv
est
iga
tio
n.
5.
Co
mm
un
icate
scie
nti
fic p
roced
ures,
da
ta,
an
d e
xp
lan
ati
on
s to
en
ab
le t
he r
ep
licati
on
of
resu
lts.
Use
co
mp
ute
r t
ech
no
logy
to
ass
ist
in c
om
mu
nic
ati
ng t
hese
resu
lts.
Cri
tica
l revie
w i
s im
po
rta
nt
in t
he a
na
lysi
s o
f th
ese
resu
lts.
6.
Use
math
em
ati
cs, re
ad
ing, w
riti
ng, an
d t
ech
nolo
gy w
hen
con
du
ctin
g s
cien
tifi
c in
qu
irie
s.
Scie
nce
Tec
hn
olo
gy a
nd
Socie
ty:
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
th
at:
1.
Ad
van
ces
in t
ech
nolo
gy c
an
exp
an
d t
he
bod
y o
f sc
ien
tifi
c k
now
led
ge.
Tec
hn
olo
gic
al
tools
all
ow
peo
ple
to o
bse
rve
ob
ject
s an
d
ph
eno
men
a t
hat
oth
erw
ise
wou
ld n
ot
be
poss
ible
. T
ech
nolo
gy e
nh
an
ces
the q
uali
ty, acc
ura
cy, sp
eed
an
d a
naly
sis
of
data
gath
ered
.
H - 180
001452
2
. S
cie
nce
an
d t
ech
nolo
gy i
n s
ocie
ty a
re d
riv
en
by
th
e f
oll
ow
ing
fa
cto
rs:
eco
no
mic
al,
po
liti
cal,
cu
ltu
ra
l, s
ocia
l, a
nd
en
vir
on
men
tal.
In
cre
ase
d s
cie
nti
fic k
no
wle
dg
e a
nd
tech
no
log
y c
rea
te c
han
ges
tha
t ca
n b
e b
en
efic
ial
or d
etr
imen
tal
to i
nd
ivid
ua
ls
or s
ocie
ty t
hrou
gh
im
pact
on
hu
ma
n h
ea
lth
an
d t
he e
nv
iro
nm
en
t.
His
tory
an
d C
on
text
of
Sci
ence
:
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
th
at:
1.
Ov
er t
he c
ou
rse
of
hu
man
his
tory
, co
ntr
ibu
tio
ns
to s
cie
nce
ha
ve b
een
ma
de b
y d
iffe
ren
t p
eo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
ren
t cu
ltu
res.
Stu
dy
ing
so
me o
f th
ese
con
trib
uti
on
s a
nd
ho
w t
hey
ca
me a
bo
ut
pro
vid
es
insi
gh
t in
to t
he e
xp
an
sio
n o
f sc
ien
tifi
c k
no
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
3:
En
erg
y a
nd
Its
Eff
ects
Th
e F
orm
s a
nd
Sou
rces
of
En
ergy
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
th
at:
1. M
ech
an
ical
en
ergy c
om
es
from
th
e m
oti
on
(k
ineti
c e
nerg
y)
an
d p
osi
tio
n (
po
ten
tia
l en
erg
y)
of
ob
jects
. G
rav
ita
tio
na
l p
ote
nti
al
en
erg
y
an
d e
last
ic p
ote
nti
al
ener
gy a
re i
mp
ort
an
t fo
rms
of
pote
nti
al
ener
gy t
hat
con
trib
ute
to t
he
mec
han
ical
ener
gy o
f ob
ject
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld b
e ab
le t
o:
L
ist,
as
basi
c f
orm
s of
en
ergy, li
gh
t, h
ea
t, s
ou
nd
, el
ectr
ica
l, a
nd
en
erg
y o
f m
oti
on
.
Forc
es a
nd
th
e T
ran
sfer
of
En
ergy
Stu
den
ts s
hou
ld k
now
th
at:
1. W
hen
th
e f
orc
es
acti
ng o
n a
n o
bje
ct
are
ba
lan
ced
, it
s m
oti
on
wil
l n
ot
cha
ng
e.
Un
ba
lan
ced
force
s w
ill
ca
use
th
e o
bje
ct’
s m
oti
on
to
ch
an
ge.
Ch
an
ges
in m
oti
on
dep
en
d u
po
n t
he s
ize a
nd
dir
ecti
on
of
the t
ota
l u
nb
ala
nced
force
ex
erte
d o
n t
he o
bje
ct
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be a
ble
to:
Con
du
ct
invest
igati
on
s on
a m
ov
ing
ob
ject
an
d m
ak
e m
ea
surem
en
ts o
f ti
me a
nd
dis
tan
ce t
ra
vele
d a
nd
dete
rm
ine t
he
av
erage s
peed
of
movin
g o
bje
cts
.
Grap
h a
nd
in
terp
ret
dis
tan
ce v
ersu
s ti
me g
ra
ph
s fo
r c
on
sta
nt
speed
. U
se t
he g
ra
ph
s to
desc
rib
e h
ow
th
e p
osi
tio
n o
f a
n
ob
ject
ch
an
ges
in a
tim
e i
nte
rval.
Desc
rib
e h
ow
th
e s
pee
d o
f an
ob
ject
dep
en
ds
on
th
e d
ista
nce t
rav
ele
d a
nd
th
e t
ra
vel
tim
e.
Ex
pla
in h
ow
th
e m
oti
on
of
an
ob
ject
can
be d
esc
rib
ed
by i
ts p
osi
tio
n,
speed
, a
nd
dir
ecti
on
of
mo
tio
n.
Giv
e e
xam
ple
s of
ob
ject
s at
rest
, a
nd
id
en
tify
th
e f
orce
s th
at
act
on
an
ob
ject
wh
ile i
t rem
ain
s a
t res
t (g
ra
vit
y,
sup
po
rti
ve
force
s, f
ric
tion
, oth
er p
ush
ing o
r p
ull
ing
fo
rces)
. E
xp
lain
th
at
if t
he o
bje
ct
is n
ot
mo
vin
g,
it m
ust
ha
ve a
t le
ast
tw
o f
orc
es
act
ing
on
it
that
are b
ala
nced
.
Giv
e e
xam
ple
s of
movin
g o
bje
cts
an
d i
den
tify
th
e f
orc
es
tha
t a
ct
on
th
ese
ob
jects
. S
ele
ct
exa
mp
les
wh
ere
on
ly o
ne f
orc
e a
cts
on
th
e o
bje
ct
an
d e
xam
ple
s w
here t
wo
or m
ore f
orces
act
on
th
e o
bje
ct.
Ex
pla
in t
ha
t u
nb
ala
nced
forces
acti
ng
on
an
ob
ject
wil
l ch
an
ge i
ts s
peed
, d
irecti
on
of
mo
tio
n,
or
bo
th.
Co
nd
uct
inv
est
iga
tio
ns
to d
esc
rib
e h
ow
th
e r
ela
tiv
e
dir
ect
ion
s of
forc
es
sim
ult
an
eo
usl
y a
cti
ng
on
an
C
opyr
ight
200
8, D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n Pa
ge 3
of 9
H - 181
001453
ea
ch
oth
er)
wil
l d
ete
rm
ine h
ow
str
on
gly
th
e c
om
bin
ati
on
of
these
fo
rces
infl
uen
ces
the m
oti
on
of
the o
bje
ct.
Co
nd
uct
invest
igati
on
s an
d d
esc
rib
e h
ow
a f
orc
e c
an
be d
irec
ted
to
in
cre
ase
th
e s
peed
of
an
ob
ject,
decre
ase
th
e s
peed
of
the o
bje
ct
or c
han
ge t
he d
irect
ion
in
wh
ich
th
e o
bje
ct
mo
ves.
Ex
pla
in t
hat
an
ob
ject
that
feel
s th
e e
ffects
of
ba
lan
ced
fo
rces
ma
y b
e a
t re
st o
r m
ay
be m
ov
ing
in
a s
tra
igh
t li
ne w
ith
a s
pee
d
tha
t d
oes
not
ch
an
ge.
2. G
ra
vit
y i
s a f
orce
th
at
acts
betw
een
ma
sses
ov
er v
ery
larg
e d
ista
nce
s. N
ea
r t
he E
arth
’s s
urfa
ce,
gra
vit
y p
ull
s o
bje
cts
an
d
sub
sta
nces
verti
call
y d
ow
nw
ard
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be a
ble
to:
Ex
pla
in t
hat
the
eart
h w
ill
pu
ll o
n a
ll o
bje
cts
wit
h a
forc
e c
all
ed
gravit
y t
hat
is d
irec
ted
in
ward
tow
ard
th
e c
en
ter o
f th
e E
art
h.
Big
Id
ea
s
Mo
tio
n c
an
be c
haracte
rize
d b
y a
n o
bje
ct’
s sp
eed
an
d d
irecti
on
of
tra
vel.
An
ob
ject’
s a
vera
ge s
peed
ca
n b
e c
alc
ula
ted
fro
m k
now
led
ge o
f d
ista
nce a
nd
tim
e.
Ba
lan
ced
force
s d
o n
ot
cau
se a
ch
an
ge i
n t
he m
oti
on
of
an
ob
ject;
un
ba
lan
ced
fo
rces
do
ca
use
a c
han
ge i
n t
he m
oti
on
of
an
ob
ject.
Th
e i
mp
act
of
force
s on
th
e m
oti
on
(o
r c
ha
ng
e i
n m
oti
on
) o
f a
n o
bje
ct
ca
n b
e d
isp
lay
ed
an
d a
na
lyze
d u
sin
g g
ra
ph
ica
l m
ea
ns.
Gra
vit
y i
s a f
orce t
hat
act
s b
etw
een
ma
sses
ov
er l
arg
e d
ista
nce
s a
nd
ca
n i
nfl
uen
ce t
he m
oti
on
(o
r c
ha
ng
e i
n m
oti
on
) o
f a
n
ob
ject.
Gravit
y a
cts
verti
call
y d
ow
nw
ard
on
th
e l
oca
l sc
ale
an
d v
erti
ca
lly i
nw
ard
on
th
e g
lob
al
sca
le.
Fo
rce
s th
at
infl
uen
ce t
he
moti
on
(o
r c
ha
ng
e i
n m
oti
on
) of
ob
ject
s ca
n b
e i
den
tifi
ed
an
d c
om
bin
ed
to
dete
rm
ine t
he o
verall
eff
ect
of
these
forc
es.
Un
it E
nd
urin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
En
du
rin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
g:
En
ergy t
ak
es
ma
ny
fo
rm
s. T
hese
fo
rm
s ca
n b
e g
ro
up
ed
in
to t
yp
es
of
en
erg
y t
ha
t a
re a
sso
cia
ted
wit
h t
he m
oti
on
of
ma
ss (
kin
eti
c e
nergy),
an
d t
yp
es
of
en
erg
y a
ssocia
ted
wit
h t
he p
osi
tio
n o
f m
ass
an
d w
ith
en
ergy
fie
lds
(po
ten
tial
en
erg
y).
En
du
rin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
g:
Ch
an
ges
tak
e p
lace b
eca
use
of
the t
ran
sfer o
f en
erg
y.
En
erg
y i
s tr
an
sfer
red
to
ma
tter t
hro
ug
h t
he a
cti
on
of
force
s. D
iffe
ren
t fo
rce
s are r
esp
on
sib
le f
or t
he t
ra
nsf
er o
f th
e d
iffe
ren
t fo
rm
s o
f en
erg
y.
En
du
rin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
g:
En
ergy r
ead
ily t
ra
nsf
orm
s fr
om
on
e f
orm
to
an
oth
er,
bu
t th
ese
tra
nsf
orm
ati
on
s a
re n
ot
alw
ay
s rev
ersi
ble
. T
he
deta
ils
of
these
tran
sform
ati
on
s d
ep
en
d u
po
n t
he i
nit
ial
form
of
the e
nerg
y a
nd
th
e p
ro
perti
es
of
the m
ate
ria
ls i
nv
olv
ed
. E
nerg
y m
ay
tra
nsf
er i
nto
or o
ut
of
a s
yst
em
an
d i
t m
ay
ch
an
ge f
orm
s, b
ut
the t
ota
l en
erg
y c
an
no
t ch
an
ge.
Un
it E
ssen
tia
l Q
uest
ion
(s)
H
ow
is
speed
mea
sured
an
d w
hy
is
speed
im
po
rta
nt?
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
4 o
f 9
H - 183
001455
H
ow
ca
n d
ot
pa
ttern
s a
nd
gra
ph
s b
e u
sed
to
dete
rm
ine i
s so
meth
ing
is
mo
vin
g a
t co
nst
an
t sp
eed
or n
ot
co
nst
an
t sp
eed
?
W
ha
t is
gra
vit
y a
nd
wh
at
facto
rs
aff
ect
the s
tren
gth
of
the p
ull
of
gra
vit
y?
H
ow
are m
ass
an
d w
eig
ht
dif
feren
t?
H
ow
ca
n y
ou
use
th
e d
irecti
on
of
mo
tio
n t
o h
elp
dete
rm
ine t
he d
irecti
on
of
a f
orce s
uch
as
air
resi
sta
nce a
nd
fric
tio
n?
W
hy
is
the d
irecti
on
of
force i
mp
orta
nt?
H
ow
ca
n y
ou
dete
rm
ine t
he t
ota
l fo
rce?
W
ha
t
af
fe
ct
d
o
fo
rc
es
h
av
e
on
t
he
m
ot
io
n
of
o
bj
ec
ts
?
Kn
ow
led
ge &
Sk
ills
Kn
ow
led
ge:
T
he s
peed
of
an
ob
ject
is a
desc
rip
tion
of
how
qu
ick
ly a
n o
bje
ct
is c
ha
ng
ing
its
lo
ca
tio
n.
A
vera
ge
spee
d c
an
be
dete
rm
ined
by d
ivid
ing t
he
dis
tan
ce t
ravele
d b
y t
he
tim
e it
ta
kes
to
travel
th
is d
ista
nce
.
I
nfo
rm
ati
on
ab
ou
t an
ob
ject’
s lo
cati
on
an
d h
ow
qu
ick
ly i
ts l
oca
tio
n c
ha
ng
es
ca
n b
e d
isp
lay
ed
in
a v
arie
ty o
f w
ay
s. O
ne w
ay
is
to u
se
a g
ra
ph
, su
ch
as
a b
ar g
rap
h o
r a
sca
tter
plo
t li
ne g
ra
ph
.
B
ar g
ra
ph
s can
be u
sed
to i
llu
strate
th
e h
ow
th
e s
pee
d o
f an
ob
ject
ch
an
ges
.
L
ine
gra
ph
s of
dis
tan
ce v
ersu
s ti
me c
an
be u
sed
to
in
vest
iga
te h
ow
th
e sp
eed
of
an
ob
ject
ch
an
ges.
G
ravit
y i
s an
att
ract
ive f
orc
e th
at
act
s b
etw
een
ob
ject
s ev
en
if
the
ob
jects
are
no
t to
uch
ing.
T
he f
orce
of
gravit
y w
ill
be t
oo s
mall
to
no
tice
or m
ea
sure u
nle
ss a
t le
ast
on
e o
f th
e o
bje
cts
is e
xtr
emely
ma
ssiv
e (
such
as
a p
lan
et
or s
tar).
G
ravit
y a
cts
ver
ticall
y d
ow
nw
ard
.
M
ass
an
d w
eig
ht
are o
ften
con
fuse
d b
ut
they
are
dif
fere
nt
qu
an
titi
es.
Ma
ss i
s th
e a
mo
un
t o
f m
att
er
fro
m w
hic
h t
hin
gs
are
ma
de. W
eig
ht
is t
he s
ize o
f th
e g
ravit
ati
on
al
forc
e p
ull
ing
th
e m
ass
do
wn
wa
rd
s.
G
ravit
y a
lon
e i
s th
e fo
rce
that
is r
esp
on
sib
le f
or k
eep
ing p
lan
ets
in o
rb
it a
rou
nd
th
e S
un
in
ou
r so
lar s
yst
em
.
U
nb
ala
nced
force
s ch
an
ge t
he m
oti
on
of
ob
jects
.
W
hen
an
ob
ject
is
at
rest
, th
e fo
rces
th
at
act
on
th
e o
bje
ct a
re
bala
nce
d.
I
n a
lmo
st a
ll c
ase
s, t
here
is m
ore t
han
on
e f
orce
acti
ng
on
an
ob
ject.
Th
e e
ffects
of
som
e f
orc
es
are
ap
pa
ren
t w
her
ea
s ef
fects
of
oth
er f
orc
es
are “
hid
den
” b
y t
he e
ffec
ts o
f m
uch
la
rg
er f
orc
es.
I
den
tify
ing t
he s
pecif
ic f
orces
that
act
on
an
ob
ject
ca
n h
elp
us
pred
ict
how
th
e f
orce
s w
ill
infl
uen
ce t
he m
oti
on
of
an
ob
ject.
G
ra
vit
y, fr
icti
on
, air
resi
stan
ce,
ela
stic
force
s, a
nd
ten
sio
n f
orc
es
are a
few
of
the m
ost
co
mm
on
fo
rces.
S
om
e f
orc
es,
su
ch
as
fric
tion
an
d a
ir r
esi
sta
nce,
are d
ep
en
den
t u
po
n t
he d
irecti
on
of
mo
tio
n,
wh
erea
s o
ther f
orc
es
such
as
gra
vit
y
an
d s
up
porti
ng f
orce
s, d
o n
ot
dep
en
d u
po
n t
he d
irecti
on
of
mo
tio
n.
A
n o
bje
ct
wil
l resp
on
d t
o a
ll f
orce
s th
at
act
on
it
so i
t is
im
po
rta
nt
to b
e a
ble
to
id
en
tify
th
e f
orces
acti
ng
on
an
ob
ject.
A
force
dia
gram
is
a s
ketc
h i
n w
hic
h t
he f
orc
es
act
ing
on
an
ob
ject
are
rep
rese
nte
d u
sin
g a
rrow
s.
T
he t
ota
l fo
rce
is
the c
om
bin
ati
on
of
all
fo
rce
s acti
ng
on
an
ob
ject.
T
he s
ize o
f th
e t
ota
l fo
rce a
nd
its
dir
ecti
on
wil
l d
ete
rm
ine h
ow
it
ch
an
ges
the m
oti
on
of
an
ob
ject.
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
5 o
f 9
H - 184
001456
W
hen
th
e f
orce
s acti
ng o
n a
n o
bje
ct
ba
lan
ce e
ach
oth
er,
the t
ota
l fo
rce
is z
ero
an
d t
he m
oti
on
of
the o
bje
ct
wil
l n
ot
ch
an
ge.
If
the o
bje
ct
is a
t rest
an
d t
he f
orce
s acti
ng
on
it
are
ba
lan
ced
, it
wil
l rem
ain
at
rest
.
W
hen
th
e f
orce
s acti
ng o
n a
n o
bje
ct
are
no
t b
ala
nced
, th
e t
ota
l fo
rce c
ou
ld i
ncrea
se t
he s
peed
of
an
ob
ject,
dec
rea
se t
he s
peed
of
an
ob
ject,
or c
han
ge t
he d
irect
ion
in
wh
ich
th
e o
bje
ct
mo
ves.
Sk
ills
:
D
esi
gn
an
d c
on
du
ct
an
ex
per
imen
t to
dete
rm
ine t
he s
peed
of
a m
ov
ing
ob
ject.
C
om
pa
re t
he s
peed
s of
two m
ovin
g o
bje
cts
qu
ali
tati
vely
(w
hic
h i
s fa
ster
, w
hic
h i
s sl
ow
er)
an
d q
ua
nti
tati
vel
y (
ho
w m
uch
fast
er).
M
ea
sure t
ime (
in s
econ
ds)
an
d d
ista
nce (
in c
en
tim
ete
rs)
.
C
oll
ect
data
fro
m m
ult
iple
tria
ls
C
alc
ula
te a
ver
age s
pee
d
C
on
du
ct
invest
igati
on
s to
com
pare
co
nst
an
t sp
eed
an
d n
on
-co
nst
an
t sp
eed
.
M
ak
e d
ista
nce
ver
sus
tim
e g
rap
hs
usi
ng a
dot
car a
nd
usi
ng a
mo
tion
dete
cto
r.
A
na
lyze
grap
hs
to d
esc
rib
e h
ow
th
e s
peed
of
an
ob
ject
ch
an
ges.
U
se m
od
els
to i
llu
strate
th
e d
irec
tion
gravit
y a
cts
at
dif
fere
nt
po
ints
on
Earth
.
I
den
tify
th
e fo
rces
of
gravit
y,
sup
porti
ng
force
s, a
ir r
esi
sta
nce, ela
stic
force
s a
nd
ten
sio
n f
orc
es.
I
den
tify
th
e fo
rce, w
heth
er i
t is
a p
ush
or p
ull
forc
e,
the d
irec
tio
n o
f fo
rce
an
d j
ust
ify
th
e c
hoic
e u
sin
g e
vid
en
ce.
C
reate
forc
e d
iagra
ms
usi
ng a
rrow
s to
ill
ust
rate
th
e d
irec
tion
an
d a
mo
un
t o
f fo
rce.
Sta
ge 2
: A
ssess
men
t E
vid
en
ce
Ass
ess
men
t: T
he s
um
ma
tive a
ssess
men
t fo
r F
orc
e a
nd
Mo
tio
n w
ill
soo
n b
e o
n t
he D
ela
ware D
ep
art
men
t o
f E
du
ca
tio
n
web
site
: h
ttp
://w
ww
.doe.k
12.d
e.u
s/p
rogram
s/ci/
con
ten
t a
rea
s/sc
ien
ce.s
htm
l
Ru
bric
s/ch
eck
list
s fo
r P
erfo
rm
an
ce T
ask
s
Th
e r
ub
ric
s fo
r t
he s
um
mati
ve a
ssess
men
t fo
r F
orce
an
d M
oti
on
un
it w
ill
soo
n b
e o
n t
he D
ela
wa
re d
ep
artm
en
t of
Ed
uca
tio
n
web
site
: h
ttp
://w
ww
.doe.k
12.d
e.u
s/p
rogram
s/ci/
con
ten
t a
rea
s/sc
ien
ce.s
htm
l
Oth
er E
vid
en
ce
1. S
tud
en
t jo
urn
als
con
tain
form
ati
ve a
ssess
men
t o
f q
uest
ion
s a
sked
th
ro
ug
ho
ut
the u
nit
. T
hese
are
oft
en
fo
un
d i
n
“In
vest
igati
on
Ref
lecti
on
” a
nd
“A
pp
lyin
g w
ha
t y
ou
ha
ve l
ea
rn
ed
” s
ecti
on
s.
2.
Acti
vit
y 1
, P
ages
9-1
2-
Mu
ltip
le d
ata
trail
s a
re c
oll
ecte
d a
nd
av
era
ge s
pee
d i
s ca
lcu
late
d.
Th
is i
s u
sed
to
form
ati
vely
ass
ess
stu
den
t
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
6 o
f 9
H - 185
001457
un
der
stan
din
g o
f th
e n
eed
to c
on
du
ct m
ult
iple
tri
als
to f
ind
aver
age
spee
d.
3.
Acti
vit
y 2
, p
ages
21
-23, m
ak
ing d
ista
nce v
ersu
s ti
me g
ra
ph
s. T
hese
gra
ph
s a
re u
sed
to
fo
rm
ati
vel
y a
ssess
stu
den
t u
nd
erst
an
din
g
of
gra
ph
ing d
ata
as
wel
l as
an
aly
zin
g t
he g
ra
ph
s.
4.
Acti
vit
y 4
- Id
en
tify
ing f
orces.
Th
ese
work
sheets
are u
sed
to
fo
rm
ati
vely
ass
ess
stu
den
t u
nd
erst
an
din
g o
f th
e f
orce
s m
en
tio
ned
in t
his
un
it.
5.
Acti
vit
y 5
- M
ak
ing a
Forc
e d
iagram
. T
his
is
use
d t
o f
orm
ati
vely
ass
ess
stu
den
t u
nd
erst
an
din
g o
f fo
rces.
Sta
ge 3
: L
ea
rn
ing
Pla
n
(Desi
gn
Lea
rn
ing
Acti
vit
ies
To
Ali
gn
wit
h G
oa
ls a
nd
Ass
ess
men
ts)
Key
lea
rn
ing
ev
en
ts n
eed
ed
to
ach
iev
e u
nit
go
als
Th
e D
ela
wa
re D
ep
artm
en
t o
f E
du
ca
tio
n’s
Fo
rce a
nd
Mo
tio
n u
nit
co
nsi
sts
of
fiv
e a
cti
vit
ies.
Acti
vit
y 1
: H
ow
Fast
is
it g
oin
g? I
n t
his
acti
vit
y,
stu
den
ts d
esi
gn
an
d c
on
du
ct
an
ex
peri
men
t to
dete
rm
ine t
he s
peed
of
a m
ov
ing
ob
ject.
Th
ey
co
mp
are t
he s
peed
of
two m
ov
ing
ob
jects
qu
ali
tati
vely
an
d q
ua
nti
tati
vely
.
Acti
vit
y 2
: G
rap
hic
al
Dis
pla
ys
of
Moti
on
: U
sin
g a
felt
tip
ma
rk
er,
a D
ot
Ca
r m
ark
s it
s p
osi
tio
n b
y l
ea
vin
g a
n i
nk
ma
rk
on
a p
ap
er a
t
reg
ula
r t
ime i
nte
rvals
. B
y o
bse
rvin
g t
he s
pa
cin
g o
f th
ese
do
ts,
it i
s p
oss
ible
to
dete
rm
ine h
ow
th
e c
ar’s
mo
tio
n c
ha
ng
es.
Da
ta i
s
dis
pla
yed
an
d e
valu
ate
d i
n b
ar g
rap
hs
an
d l
ine g
rap
hs.
Acti
vit
y 3
: A
Look
at
Gravit
y I
n t
his
acti
vit
y,
stu
den
ts s
tart
to i
den
tify
th
e f
orc
es
tha
t aff
ect
mo
tion
. G
ra
vit
y i
s th
e f
orc
e r
esp
on
sib
le
for h
old
ing
everyth
ing o
n o
ur p
lan
et
an
d t
he s
ola
r s
yst
em
to
geth
er a
nd
is
arg
ua
bly
th
e m
ost
reco
gn
ized
fo
rce i
n o
ur d
ail
y l
ives.
Th
is
force
is
inv
est
igate
d i
n d
eta
il i
n t
his
secti
on
.
Acti
vit
y 4
: Id
en
tify
ing F
orces:
In
th
is a
cti
vit
y,
dem
on
stra
tio
ns
an
d i
nv
est
iga
tio
ns
wil
l b
e c
on
du
cte
d t
o i
den
tify
fo
rces
acti
ng
on
ob
jects
. S
om
e f
orce
s are e
asy
to i
den
tify
an
d o
thers
are m
ore d
iffi
cu
lt t
o r
eco
gn
ize.
Acti
vit
y 5
: D
raw
ing F
orc
es
In t
his
acti
vit
y,
stu
den
ts w
ill
beg
in t
o d
iagra
m a
nd
ex
am
ine f
orces
in m
ore d
eta
il.
Th
e s
tud
en
ts w
ill
desc
rib
e
the s
ize o
f th
e f
orc
e a
nd
als
o i
ts d
irec
tion
. T
he
dir
ecti
on
th
at
a f
orc
e i
s ex
erte
d w
ill
aff
ect
the o
bje
cts
ch
an
ge i
n m
oti
on
. T
he o
ver
all
eff
ect
of
all
of
the f
orc
es
acti
ng o
n t
he o
bje
ct
is t
he e
mp
ha
sis
of
this
acti
vit
y.
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
7 o
f 9
H - 186
001458
Pot
ential
Mis
under
stan
din
gs:
Sou
rce:
Ste
phan
s, J
osep
h. (
1996
).
1.
Stu
den
ts f
ind
it
dif
ficu
lt
2.
A c
hair
or
a t
ab
le c
an
not
3.
Gra
vit
y is
th
e sa
me
thin
gs
4.
Fo
rce
ha
s a
“li
vin
g”
5.
Con
stan
t mot
ion
requir
es p
ush
ing,
other
wise, fo
rce.
6.
If a
n o
bje
ct is
not
movin
g
7.
An
imate
obje
cts
mu
st T
his
un
it is
mea
nt to
be
tau
gh
t gu
ide
is in
clu
ded
bel
ow
:
Targeti
ng
Stu
den
ts’
Scie
nce M
isco
ncep
tio
ns.
a w
ill
of
gra
vit
y.
alo
ng
a h
oriz
on
tal
tra
ck
, y
ou
ha
ve t
o k
eep
fail
ure
to
dis
tin
gu
ish
th
e r
ole
of
fric
tio
n a
s a
sep
ara
te
is a
force
acti
ng
on
it.
no
t h
av
e t
o d
o s
o.
min
ute
cla
ss p
erio
d e
ach
da
y.
A s
ug
gest
ed
pa
cin
g
to r
ecogn
ize t
he t
en
sio
n i
n a
str
ing a
s fo
rce.
exert
a f
orc
e s
ince i
t h
as
no
mo
tio
n.
as
air
pre
ssu
re.
qu
ality
, i.e
., ob
ject
s tr
yin
g t
o f
igh
t th
eir
way u
pw
ard
again
st
a c
on
stan
t fo
rce-
if
you
wan
t to
kee
p s
om
eth
ing m
ovin
g y
ou
will ru
n o
ut
of
forc
e an
d j
ust
sto
p. T
his
rep
rese
nts
a
ther
e is
no f
orc
e an
d i
s so
met
hin
g i
s m
ovin
g, th
ere
exer
t
a f
orc
e to
hold
th
ings
up
, b
ut
inan
imate
ob
ject
s so
in
a
5-6
wee
k f
orm
at
wh
en t
each
ing s
cien
ce in
a 4
0-5
5
Mon
day
T
ues
day
Wed
nesd
ay
Th
urs
day
Fri
day
Acti
vit
y 1
: H
ow
fast
is
it
Go
ing
? M
ak
ing S
en
se o
f
Mo
tio
n.
Act
ivit
y 1
: D
ata
tab
les
an
d c
alc
ula
tion
s.
Acti
vit
y 1
: D
eter
min
ing
the s
peed
of
the b
ug
gy
,
inv
est
iga
tio
n r
efle
cti
on
s,
ap
ply
ing
wh
at
yo
u h
av
e
lea
rn
ed
.
Acti
vit
y 1
; S
peed
lim
its-
inv
est
iga
tin
g f
urt
her.
Rev
iew
of
acti
vit
y 1
.
Act
ivit
y 2
- M
ak
ing s
ense
of
moti
on
, co
mp
ari
ng
con
stan
t sp
eed
s.
Acti
vit
y 2
- T
he d
ot-
car,
Pa
rt
A.
Acti
vit
y 2
- T
he D
ot-
car,
Part
B.
Acti
vit
y 2
- M
oti
on
dete
cto
r.
Acti
vit
y 2
- M
oti
on
dete
cto
r.
Act
ivit
y 2
- A
pp
lyin
g
wh
at
you
have
learn
ed.
Acti
vit
y 2
- In
vest
igati
ng
furth
er. P
oss
ible
Go
-
Mo
tio
n e
xte
nsi
on
s.
Acti
vit
y 3
- T
he f
orc
e o
f
gravit
y.
A p
lum
b l
ine.
Acti
vit
y 3
- P
lum
b l
ine.
Acti
vit
y 3
- M
ass
an
d
Weig
ht.
Act
ivit
y 3
- A
pp
lyin
g
wh
at
you
have
learn
ed.
Inves
tigati
ng f
urt
her
.
Acti
vit
y 4
- m
ak
ing s
en
se
of
force
s. I
den
tifi
cati
on
of
force
s. S
up
porti
ve
force
s.
Acti
vit
y 4
- A
ir
resi
stan
ce.
Acti
vit
y 4
- E
last
ic f
orc
es.
A
cti
vit
y 4
- F
ricti
on
. A
cti
vit
y 4
- fr
icti
on
.
Acti
vit
y 4
- P
ull
ing f
orc
es
of
ro
pes.
Acti
vit
y 4
- In
vest
iga
tio
n
ref
lecti
on
, su
mm
ary
of
acti
vit
y,
Acti
vit
y 4
- In
vest
iga
tin
g
furth
er.
Acti
vit
y 5
- C
rea
tin
g f
orc
e
dia
gra
ms,
Pa
rt
A.
Acti
vit
y 5
- m
ak
ing
sen
se o
f fo
rce
s, p
art
B.
Acti
vit
y 5
- M
ak
ing s
en
se
of
force
s, P
art
C.
Acti
vit
y 5
- G
rav
ity
an
d
orb
its,
su
mm
ary
of
acti
vit
y,.
Acti
vit
y 5
- In
vest
iga
tin
g
furth
er, w
eig
htl
ess
ness
.
Fo
rce
an
d M
oti
on
Su
mm
ati
ve A
ssess
men
t
Fo
rce
an
d M
oti
on
Su
mm
ati
ve A
ssess
men
t
Reso
urces
& T
ea
ch
ing
Tip
s
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
8 o
f 9
H - 187
001459
Res
ou
rce:
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
un
it, F
orc
e an
d M
oti
on
. (2
007)
Cop
yrig
ht 2
008,
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion
Page
9 o
f 9
H - 188
001460
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
of
14
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coali
tio
n
Gra
de
7 U
nit
Tem
pla
te
Ou
r G
enes
Ou
rsel
ves
Copyr
igh
t 2008
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
H - 189
001461
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 2
of
14
Ch
ar
ter
Sc
ho
ol
Un
it M
od
ific
ati
on
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ire
d s
cop
e a
nd
se
qu
ence
do
cum
ents
an
d a
cco
mp
an
yin
g u
nit
s o
f in
stru
ctio
n f
or
the
cha
rte
r sc
ho
ol
ap
pro
va
l a
nd
ren
ew
al
pro
cess
es.
T
hro
ug
h a
co
ver
let
ter
form
at
thes
e q
ue
stio
ns
sho
uld
be
ad
dre
ssed
to
ass
ist
mem
ber
s o
f th
e D
ela
wa
re D
epa
rtm
ent
of
Ed
uca
tio
n C
urr
icu
lum
an
d I
nst
ruct
ion
al
Imp
rov
em
ent
wo
rk g
rou
p e
ffec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
ch
art
er s
cho
ol
ap
pli
cati
on
s.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
W
hy
wa
s th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
sel
ecte
d a
s p
art
of
yo
ur
sch
oo
ls’ c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed
as
pa
rt o
f T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
’s c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n b
eca
use
th
ey a
re a
p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
en
ce C
oa
liti
on
. S
tud
ents
are
ab
le t
o t
ran
sfer
kn
ow
led
ge
ga
ined
th
rou
gh
ou
t th
is u
nit
in
a m
ock
in
ves
tig
ati
on
of
of
iden
tify
ing
pa
ren
ts o
f ch
ild
ren
in
a w
ar
torn
co
un
try
. T
his
un
it w
ill
eng
ag
e st
ud
ents
wit
h i
ts
lev
el o
f im
bed
de
d i
nq
uir
y.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
, so
th
e n
eed
s o
f a
ll l
earn
ers
can
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tr
ain
ing
so
th
ey a
re c
on
fid
ent
in t
hei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le
to y
ou
r sc
ho
ol?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
N
o m
od
ific
ati
on
s h
av
e b
een
ma
de
to t
his
un
it.
H - 190
001462
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 3
of
14
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
: In
this
unit
, st
uden
ts r
esea
rch a
nd i
nv
esti
gat
e gen
etic
s, g
enes
, tr
aits
and h
ered
ity u
sin
g d
ata
coll
ecte
d f
rom
var
ious
acti
vit
ies
thro
ughout
the
unit
. S
tuden
ts u
se P
unnet
t sq
uar
es a
nd p
edig
rees
to a
nal
yze
pat
tern
s of
inh
erit
ance
. T
he
adv
anta
ges
and
dis
advan
tages
of
sex
ual
and a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion a
re a
dd
ress
ed. S
tuden
ts w
ill
be
pre
sente
d w
ith r
eal
life
gen
etic
dis
ord
ers
thro
ugh r
eadin
gs
and v
ideo
s an
d m
ake
dec
isio
ns
that
model
rea
l li
fe s
ituat
ions.
D
NA
fin
ger
pri
nti
ng a
nd b
lood t
ypin
g a
re a
lso i
ntr
oduce
d a
nd u
sed i
n a
mock
inves
tigat
ion t
o i
den
tify
chil
dre
n s
epar
ated
fro
m t
hei
r par
ents
as
a re
sult
of
war
.
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
da
rds
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Co
nte
nt
Sta
nd
ard
s an
d G
rad
e L
evel
Exp
ecta
tion
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1 a
nd
7 fo
un
d o
n t
he
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_a
reas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
On
e: T
he
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
U
nder
stan
din
gs
and A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inqu
iry:
S
tuden
ts s
ho
uld
be
able
to:
1.
Fra
me
and r
efin
e ques
tio
ns
that
can
be
inves
tigat
ed s
cien
tifi
call
y, an
d g
ener
ate
test
able
hypoth
eses
.
2.
Des
ign a
nd c
ondu
ct i
nves
tigat
ions
wit
h c
ontr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t h
ypoth
eses.
3.
Acc
ura
tely
coll
ect
dat
a th
rough t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd u
se o
f to
ols
and t
echniq
ues
appro
pri
ate
to t
he
inves
tigat
ion. C
onst
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
and g
raphs,
sho
win
g r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo v
aria
ble
s, t
o d
ispla
y a
nd f
acil
itat
e an
alysi
s of
dat
a. C
om
par
e an
d q
ues
tion
resu
lts
wit
h a
nd f
rom
oth
er s
tuden
ts.
4.
Form
ex
pla
nat
ions
bas
ed o
n a
ccura
te a
nd l
ogic
al a
nal
ysi
s of
evid
ence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sing a
lter
nat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tions,
model
s an
d k
now
ledge
from
oth
er s
ourc
es a
s w
ell
as r
esult
s of
furt
her
inves
tigat
ion.
5.
Com
mu
nic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
cedure
s, d
ata,
and e
xpla
nat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
repli
cati
on o
f re
sult
s. U
se c
om
pute
r te
chnolo
gy t
o a
ssis
t in
com
munic
atin
g t
hes
e re
sult
s. C
riti
cal
revie
w i
s im
port
ant
in t
he
anal
ysi
s of
thes
e re
sult
s.
6.
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
conduct
ing s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
S
cien
ce T
echnolo
gy a
nd S
oci
ety:
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. A
dvan
ces
in t
echnolo
gy c
an e
xpan
d t
he
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
led
ge.
T
echnolo
gic
al t
ools
all
ow
peo
ple
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
would
not
be
poss
ible
. T
echnolo
gy e
nhan
ces
the
qual
ity,
accu
racy, sp
eed a
nd a
nal
ysi
s of
dat
a gat
here
d.
2. S
cien
ce a
nd t
echnolo
gy i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riv
en b
y t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
econom
ical
, poli
tica
l, c
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al, an
d e
nvir
onm
enta
l.
H - 191
001463
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 4
of
14
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c know
ledge
and t
echnolo
gy c
reat
e ch
anges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
indiv
idual
s or
soci
ety t
hro
ugh
impac
t on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd t
he
envir
onm
ent.
H
isto
ry a
nd
Co
nte
xt
of
Sci
ence
:
S
tuden
ts s
ho
uld
know
that
:
1. O
ver
the
cours
e of
hu
man
his
tory
, co
ntr
ibuti
on
s to
sci
ence
hav
e bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
rent
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s. S
tud
yin
g
som
e of
thes
e co
ntr
ibuti
ons
and h
ow
they c
ame
about
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
expan
sion
of
scie
nti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
Sta
nd
ard
7:
Div
ersi
ty a
nd
Con
tin
uit
y o
f L
ivin
g T
hin
gs
R
epro
duct
ion, H
ered
ity a
nd D
evel
opm
ent
S
tuden
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Rep
roduct
ion
is
a ch
arac
teri
stic
of
all
livin
g s
yst
ems
and i
s es
senti
al t
o t
he
conti
nuat
ion o
f ev
ery s
pec
ies.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
R
ecogniz
e th
at r
epro
duct
ion i
s a
pro
cess
that
occ
urs
in a
ll l
ivin
g s
yst
ems
and i
s es
senti
al t
o t
he
conti
nuat
ion o
f th
e sp
ecie
s. U
se
model
s or
dia
gra
ms
to i
den
tify
the
stru
cture
s o
f a
flow
erin
g p
lant
that
pro
duce
eggs
and s
per
m a
nd e
xpla
in t
hat
pla
nts
, as
wel
l
as, an
imal
s ca
n r
epro
du
ce s
exual
ly.
2.
Som
e org
anis
ms
repro
du
ce a
sex
ual
ly i
nvolv
ing o
ne
par
ent.
A
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion r
esult
s in
off
spri
ng t
hat
are
gen
etic
ally
id
enti
cal
to
the
par
ent
org
anis
m (
clo
nes
). T
his
pro
cess
is
advan
tageo
us
in m
ainta
inin
g t
he
gen
etic
mak
e-up o
f o
rgan
ism
s th
at a
re s
ucc
essf
ul
in a
spec
ific
envir
onm
ent.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
M
ake
a si
mple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f as
exual
rep
rodu
ctio
n a
s it
occ
urs
in s
exual
ly p
rodu
ced o
rgan
ism
s at
the
cell
ula
r le
vel
.
Indic
ate
that
res
ult
ing c
ells
conta
in a
n i
den
tica
l co
py o
f gen
etic
info
rmat
ion f
rom
the
par
ent
cell
.
3.
Som
e org
anis
ms
repro
du
ce s
exual
ly i
nvolv
ing t
wo p
aren
ts. S
exual
rep
rodu
ctio
n r
esult
s in
off
spri
ng t
hat
hav
e gre
ater
gen
etic
div
ersi
ty t
han
those
res
ult
ing f
rom
ase
xual
rep
rod
uct
ion. O
ne-
hal
f o
f th
e off
spri
ng’s
gen
etic
info
rmat
ion c
om
es f
rom
the
“mal
e”
par
ent
and o
ne-
hal
f co
mes
fro
m t
he
“fem
ale”
par
ent.
Thes
e gen
etic
dif
fere
nce
s hel
p t
o e
nsu
re t
he
surv
ival
of
off
spri
ng i
n v
arie
d
envir
on
men
ts.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
ale
to:
G
iven
var
ied s
cenar
ios
(incl
udin
g o
ne
or
two p
aren
t re
pro
duct
ion, an
d h
avin
g t
rait
s id
enti
cal
to o
r dif
fere
nt
than
the
par
ents
),
clas
sify
off
spri
ng a
s ei
ther
sex
ual
ly o
r as
exual
ly p
roduce
d a
nd j
ust
ify y
our
resp
onse
.
C
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
asex
ual
and s
exual
rep
roduct
ion i
n t
erm
s of
pote
nti
al v
aria
tion a
nd a
dap
tati
on t
o a
sta
tic
or
chan
gin
g
envir
onm
ent.
R
elat
e ad
van
tages
and/o
r dis
adv
anta
ges
of
each
str
ateg
y.
4.
In s
exual
rep
roduct
ion a
fter
the
egg i
s fe
rtil
ized
, ea
ch o
f th
e n
ew c
ells
in t
he
dev
elo
pin
g o
rgan
ism
rec
eives
an e
xac
t co
py o
f th
e
gen
etic
info
rmat
ion c
onta
ined
in t
he
nucl
eus
of
a fe
rtil
ized
egg.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
M
ake
a si
mple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f hum
an r
epro
du
ctiv
e ce
lls.
In
dic
ate
that
the
sex
cel
ls (
sper
m a
nd e
gg)
each
hav
e hal
f of
the
H - 192
001464
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 5
of
14
chro
moso
mal
num
ber
(2
3)
as a
fer
tili
zed e
gg (
46).
T
he
fert
iliz
ed e
gg h
as t
he
sam
e num
ber
of
chro
moso
mes
as
each
of
the
bod
y c
ells
of
the
new
org
anis
m. R
ecogniz
e th
at d
iffe
rent
org
anis
ms
may h
ave
dif
fere
nt
num
ber
s of
chro
moso
mes
and t
hat
the
num
ber
of
chro
moso
mes
does
not
rela
te t
o t
he
com
ple
xit
y o
f th
e org
anis
m.
7.
Chro
moso
mes
are
found i
n t
he
nucl
eus
of
the
cell
and c
onta
in g
enes
that
are
mad
e of
DN
A.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
ale
to:
D
escr
ibe
the
rela
tionsh
ip b
etw
een g
enes
, ch
rom
oso
mes
, an
d D
NA
in t
erm
s of
loca
tion a
nd r
elat
ive
size
.
8.
Chro
moso
mes
can
be
arra
nged
in p
airs
(on
e-hal
f o
f ea
ch p
air
from
eac
h p
aren
t).
Thes
e pai
rs a
re a
pp
rox
imat
ely t
he
sam
e si
ze a
nd
shap
e, a
nd h
ave
sim
ilar
seq
uen
ces
of
gen
es. H
um
ans
hav
e 23 p
airs
(46)
of
chro
moso
mes
. O
ther
org
anis
ms
may
hav
e dif
fere
nt
num
ber
s of
chro
moso
mes
. I
n h
um
ans,
gen
der
is
det
erm
ined
by a
pai
r of
sex
chro
moso
mes
. F
emal
es p
oss
ess
two X
chro
moso
mes
;
mal
es a
n X
an
d a
Y c
hro
moso
me.
T
he
sex
of
an e
mbry
o i
s d
eter
min
ed b
y t
he
sex
chro
moso
me
found i
n t
he
sper
m c
ell.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
ale
to:
E
xpla
in h
ow
the
sex
chro
moso
mes
inher
ited
fro
m e
ach p
aren
t det
erm
ines
the
gen
der
of
the
off
spri
ng.
9.
Alt
ernat
ive
ver
sions
of
gen
es (
dif
fere
nt
alle
les)
acc
ount
for
var
iati
ons
in i
nher
ited
char
acte
rist
ics
(i.e
., f
low
er c
olo
r). P
airs
of
chro
moso
mes
that
hav
e th
e sa
me
alle
le p
rese
nt
on
both
chro
moso
mes
are
hom
ozygous.
P
airs
of
chro
moso
mes
wit
h d
iffe
rent
alle
les
are
het
erozygous.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
M
odel
a r
andom
pro
cess
(e.
g., c
oin
toss
) th
at i
llust
rate
s w
hic
h a
llel
es c
an b
e pas
sed f
rom
par
ent
to o
ffsp
ring.
10. A
dom
inan
t tr
ait
wil
l be
expre
ssed
if
the
org
anis
m i
s het
erozygous
or
ho
mozygous
for
the
trai
t.
A r
eces
sive
trai
t w
ill
only
be
expre
ssed
if
the
org
anis
m i
s hom
ozygous
for
the
trai
t.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
se s
ingle
tra
it P
unnet
t sq
uar
es t
o e
xam
ine
the
gen
oty
pes
of
indiv
idual
s an
d i
ndic
ate
whic
h i
ndiv
idual
s w
ill
expre
ss d
om
inan
t
or
rece
ssiv
e tr
aits
. J
ust
ify t
he
indic
atio
n b
y r
elat
ing t
hat
dom
inan
t al
lele
s ap
pea
rin
g h
eter
ozygousl
y o
r hom
ozygousl
y a
re
expre
ssed
or
that
tw
o r
eces
sive
alle
les
(hom
ozygo
us)
are
req
uir
ed f
or
an o
ffsp
ring t
o e
xpre
ss a
rec
essi
ve
trai
t phen
oty
pic
ally
.
U
se p
edig
rees
to i
llust
rate
the
her
itab
ilit
y o
f dom
inan
t an
d r
eces
sive
alle
les
over
sev
eral
gen
erat
ions.
11. M
endel
ian g
enet
ics
can b
e use
d t
o p
redic
t gen
oty
pes
and p
hen
oty
pes
of
off
spri
ng r
esult
ing f
rom
sex
ual
rep
rodu
ctio
n.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
R
esea
rch a
nd r
eport
on t
he
contr
ibuti
ons
of
Gre
gor
Men
del
and o
ther
gen
etic
res
earc
her
s an
d h
ow
thei
r co
ntr
ibuti
ons
alte
red
the
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
kno
wle
dge.
T
echnolo
gy A
ppli
cati
on
S
tuden
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Sel
ecti
ve
bre
edin
g i
s use
d t
o c
ult
ivat
e pla
nts
and d
om
esti
cate
d a
nim
als
wit
h d
esir
able
tra
its.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
R
esea
rch a
nd r
eport
on s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g. S
elec
t an
org
anis
m (
e.g., r
ace
hors
es, ped
igre
e do
gs,
dro
ught
resi
stan
t pla
nts
) an
d
trac
e it
s his
tory
of
dev
elopm
ent
and t
he
trai
ts o
f th
e pla
nt
or
anim
al t
hat
wer
e en
han
ced b
y s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g.
H - 193
001465
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 6
of
14
2.
Know
led
ge
gai
ned
fro
m r
esea
rch i
n g
enet
ics
is b
eing
appli
ed t
o a
reas
of
hu
man
hea
lth. G
enet
icis
ts a
nd g
enet
ic c
ounse
lors
may
use
ped
igre
es a
nd P
unnet
t sq
uar
es t
o h
elp p
redic
t th
e poss
ibil
ity o
f gen
etic
dis
ord
ers
in f
utu
re g
ener
atio
ns
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
Rec
ogniz
e th
at t
he
hea
lth
pro
fess
ion u
ses
ped
igre
e ch
arts
to t
race
gen
etic
dis
ord
ers
in p
ast
gen
erat
ions
mak
e pre
dic
tions
for
futu
re
gen
erat
ions.
R
esea
rch a
nd r
eport
on a
chro
moso
mal
dis
ord
er. C
om
ple
te a
sim
ula
ted p
edig
ree
for
a fi
ctio
nal
fam
ily b
ased
on y
our
rese
arch
.
Big
Id
eas
Ob
serv
ati
on
an
d E
vid
ence
(in
her
ited
tra
its
are
intr
oduce
d a
nd i
nves
tigat
ed)
Patt
ern
s (P
unnet
t sq
uar
es a
re u
sed t
o p
redic
t tr
aits
am
ong o
ffsp
rin
g:
ped
igre
es a
re u
sed t
o t
rack
pat
tern
s ac
ross
gen
erat
ions)
Mod
els
(stu
den
ts p
erfo
rm s
imula
ted D
NA
fin
ger
pri
nti
ng t
o a
sses
s par
enta
ge;
stu
den
ts d
esig
n c
ritt
er o
ffsp
rin
g t
o m
odel
pat
tern
s of
inher
itan
ce, in
cludin
g d
om
inan
ce, re
cess
iven
ess
and i
nher
itan
ce o
f se
x-l
inked
tra
its)
Rea
son
ing a
nd
exp
lan
ati
on
s (s
tuden
ts u
se t
he
Mar
fan s
cenar
io t
o m
ake
evid
ence
bas
ed d
ecis
ions
regar
din
g t
he
ben
efit
s an
d
trad
eoff
s o
f gen
etic
tes
ting)
Str
uct
ure
an
d f
un
ctio
n (
studen
ts i
nves
tigat
e th
e ro
le o
f D
NA
, gen
es,
and c
hro
moso
mes
in r
epro
du
ctio
n)
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
under
stand t
hat…
En
du
rin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
g:
Org
anis
ms
rep
rodu
ce, dev
elop, hav
e p
redic
tab
le l
ife
cycl
es,
and p
ass
on
her
itab
le t
rait
s to
thei
r off
spri
ng.
A
ll i
nher
ited
tra
its
are
pas
sed a
long b
y D
NA
T
her
e ar
e in
her
itab
le t
rait
s an
d t
rait
s th
at a
re a
lter
ed b
y e
nvir
onm
enta
l fa
cto
rs.
A
sex
ual
and s
exual
rep
roduct
ion i
s tw
o s
ucc
essf
ul
stra
tegie
s in
rep
rodu
ctio
n.
P
unnet
t sq
uar
es a
nd p
edig
rees
can
be
use
d t
o p
red
ict
inher
ited
tra
its
En
du
rin
g U
nd
erst
an
din
g:
The
dev
elopm
ent
of
tech
nolo
gy h
as a
llow
ed u
s to
apply
our
know
led
ge
of
gen
etic
s, r
epro
duct
ion
, dev
elopm
ent
and e
volu
tion t
o m
eet
hum
an n
eeds
and w
ants
.
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
s
Ess
enti
al
Qu
esti
on
: W
hat
are
the
advan
tages
and
dis
advan
tages
of
dif
fere
nt
repro
duct
ive
stra
tegie
s?
W
hat
is
the
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n s
exual
and a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion?
H
ow
are
inher
ited
tra
its
pas
sed d
ow
n f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o g
ener
atio
n?
W
hat
cau
ses
var
iati
on a
mong h
um
ans?
What
are
ex
ample
s of
inher
ited
tra
its?
H
ow
does
the
size
of
the
sam
ple
dat
a co
llec
ted c
om
par
e to
the
theo
reti
cal
pro
bab
ilit
y?
H
ow
does
a p
rob
abil
ity o
f in
her
ited
tra
its
pas
sin
g f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o g
ener
atio
n d
iffe
r in
a s
imula
tion v
ersu
s th
e th
eore
tica
l
H - 194
001466
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 7
of
14
pro
bab
ilit
y?
H
ow
is
a P
unnet
t sq
uar
e use
ful
in p
redic
tin
g p
atte
rns
of
inher
itan
ce?
H
ow
is
a ped
igre
e use
ful
in s
tud
yin
g t
rait
s?
W
hy i
s th
e w
ork
of
Gre
gor
Men
del
im
port
ant
in t
he
fiel
d o
f gen
etic
s?
H
ow
are
chro
moso
mes
rel
ated
to i
nher
itan
ce o
f tr
aits
?
C
an t
he
envir
onm
ent
affe
ct i
nher
ited
tra
its?
Ess
enti
al
Qu
esti
on
: H
ow
does
the
under
stan
din
g a
nd m
anip
ula
tion o
f gen
etic
s, r
epro
du
ctio
n, dev
elopm
ent
and e
volu
tion a
ffec
t th
e qual
ity
of
hum
an l
ife?
W
hat
tra
de-
off
s ex
ist
in k
now
ing w
het
her
an i
ndiv
idual
car
ries
a g
enet
ic a
bnorm
alit
y? H
ow
are
gen
etic
dis
ease
s pre
dic
ted?
W
hat
are
soci
etal
and e
thic
al i
ssues
invo
lved
in g
enet
ic t
esti
ng a
nd g
enet
ic f
inger
pri
nti
ng?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Know
led
ge:
Ther
e ar
e a
var
iety
of
hu
man
tra
its
that
are
ex
pre
ssed
.
Som
e tr
aits
may
be
inh
erit
ed a
nd s
om
e dis
ease
s m
ay b
e in
her
ited
. T
he
pro
bab
ilit
y o
f in
her
itin
g a
gen
etic
dis
ease
may b
e pre
dic
ted.
Ase
xual
rep
roduct
ion p
roduce
s off
spri
ng g
enet
ical
ly i
den
tica
l to
the
par
ent.
S
exual
rep
roduct
ion p
roduce
s off
spri
ng w
ith a
co
mbin
atio
n
of
trai
ts f
rom
both
par
ents
.
Tra
de-
off
s ex
ist
when
usi
ng m
odel
s to
rep
rese
nt
the
real
wo
rld
.
The
nucl
eus
of
cell
s co
nta
ins
chro
moso
mes
. A
ch
rom
oso
me
is d
ivid
ed i
nto
reg
ion
s ca
lled
gen
es. G
enes
are
par
t of
a lo
ng m
ole
cule
call
ed D
NA
whic
h e
nco
des
info
rmat
ion f
or
inher
ited
tra
its.
A
n a
llel
e is
a v
aria
tion o
f a
gen
e.
An i
ndiv
idu
al h
as t
wo c
opie
s of
the
alle
les
for
each
inher
ited
tra
it.
A d
om
inan
t tr
ait
requir
es o
nly
one
cop
y o
f th
e al
lele
to b
e ex
pre
ssed
.
A r
eces
sive
trai
t re
quir
es t
wo c
opie
s of
the
alle
le t
o b
e ex
pre
ssed
.
An i
ndiv
idu
al w
ith t
wo c
opie
s of
the
sam
e al
lele
for
a tr
ait
is h
om
ozygous.
An i
ndiv
idual
wit
h t
wo d
iffe
rent
alle
les
for
a tr
ait
is
het
erozygous.
In s
exual
rep
roduct
ion, o
ffsp
rin
g i
nher
it ½
of
thei
r gen
es f
rom
eac
h p
aren
t.
Whic
h ½
they
rec
eive
from
eac
h p
aren
t is
a r
and
om
pro
cess
.
Dat
a obse
rved
in a
n i
nves
tigat
ion m
ay b
e dif
fere
nt
than
the
pre
dic
ted t
heo
reti
cal
pro
bab
ilit
y.
Th
e la
rger
the
sam
ple
siz
e o
f d
ata
coll
ecte
d i
n a
n i
nves
tigat
ion, th
e m
ore
clo
sely
the
dat
a w
ill
fit
the
theo
reti
cal
pro
bab
ilit
y.
Moder
n k
now
led
ge
of
gen
etic
s has
com
e ab
out
thro
ugh p
ast
contr
ibuti
ons
from
indiv
idual
s, s
uch
as
Men
del
.
An o
rgan
ism
’ tr
aits
are
det
erm
ined
by b
oth
gen
etic
s an
d t
he
envir
onm
ent
(nat
ure
ver
sus
nu
rture
).
In m
ost
org
anis
ms,
gen
der
is
det
erm
ined
by t
he
sex
chro
moso
mes
(X
and Y
).
In m
ost
mam
mal
s, X
X r
epre
sents
a f
emal
e an
d X
Y a
mal
e.
In s
exual
rep
roduct
ion, th
e div
ersi
ty o
f off
spri
ng r
esult
s pri
mar
ily f
rom
the
man
y p
oss
ible
com
bin
atio
ns
of
pai
rs o
f al
lele
s tr
ansf
erre
d
from
par
ents
to o
ffsp
rin
g.
A p
edig
ree
is a
rep
rese
nta
tion o
f ex
pre
ssed
tra
its
in m
ult
iple
gen
erat
ions.
Tec
hnolo
gy a
llow
s in
div
idual
s to
lea
rn w
het
her
th
ey h
ave
gen
etic
abno
rmal
itie
s. T
rade-o
ffs
exis
t in
know
ing t
his
info
rmat
ion. (E
x:
Know
ing i
f a
gen
e is
car
ried
for
Mar
fan s
yndro
me.
)
H - 195
001467
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 8
of
14
Gen
etic
tes
tin
g c
an p
rovid
e in
form
atio
n a
bout
iden
tity
and f
amil
y r
elat
ionsh
ips.
Skil
ls:
Mak
e obse
rvat
ions.
Coll
ect
and o
rgan
ize
dat
a. (
Mak
e an
d a
nal
yze
a d
ata
tab
le i
ndic
atin
g c
lass
res
ult
s of
a obse
rved
tra
its.
)
Const
ruct
a b
ar g
raph.
Conduct
an i
nves
tigat
ion
and m
ake
pre
dic
tions.
(G
row
Nic
oti
ana
pla
nts
. P
redic
t an
d i
nves
tigat
e th
e in
her
ited
tra
its.
)
Giv
en v
arie
d s
cenar
ios,
cla
ssif
y o
ffsp
rin
g a
s se
xual
ly o
r as
exual
ly p
roduce
d a
nd j
ust
ify y
our
resp
onse
.
Com
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
sex
ual
and a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion i
n t
erm
s of
var
iati
on a
nd a
dap
tati
on t
o a
sta
tic
or
chan
gin
g e
nvir
onm
ent.
Mak
e a
sim
ple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f hum
an r
epro
du
ctiv
e ce
lls,
ind
icat
ing t
he
sex
cel
ls (
sper
m a
nd e
gg)
wit
h h
alf
the
chro
moso
mal
num
ber
(23)
as t
he
fert
iliz
ed e
gg (
46
).
Rec
ogniz
e th
at d
iffe
rent
org
anis
ms
may
hav
e dif
fere
nt
num
ber
s o
f ch
rom
oso
mes
and t
hat
the
num
ber
of
chro
moso
mes
does
not
rela
te t
o
the
com
ple
xit
y o
f th
e org
anis
m.
Mak
e a
sim
ple
lab
eled
dra
win
g o
f as
exual
rep
rodu
ctio
n a
s it
occ
urs
in s
exual
ly p
rodu
ced o
rgan
ism
s (i
.e., s
kin
cel
ls).
In
dic
ate
that
the
resu
ltin
g c
ells
conta
in a
n i
den
tica
l co
py o
f th
e gen
etic
info
rmat
ion f
rom
the
par
ent
cell
.
Dis
cuss
the
advan
tages
and d
isad
van
tages
to c
lonin
g.
Des
crib
e th
e re
lati
onsh
ip b
etw
een g
enes
, ch
rom
oso
mes
, an
d D
NA
in t
erm
s of
loca
tion a
nd s
ize.
Model
ing t
he
pas
sin
g a
long o
f a
sim
ple
tra
it f
rom
gen
erat
ion t
o g
ener
atio
n.
Dis
cuss
tra
de-
off
s th
at e
xis
t w
hen
model
ing t
he
pas
sing o
f gen
es f
orm
one
gen
erat
ion t
o t
he
nex
t.
Sim
ula
te p
atte
rns
of
inher
itan
ce u
sin
g a
coin
toss
.
Ex
pla
in r
atio
s of
phen
oty
pes
in o
ffsp
rin
g u
sing k
now
ledge
of
gen
etic
s.
Ex
pla
in h
ow
the
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
info
rmat
ion i
n g
enet
ics
chan
ges
over
tim
e as
cri
tica
l re
vie
w o
f re
sult
s ar
e in
ves
tigat
ed a
nd n
ew
ques
tions
and t
echnolo
gie
s em
erge.
Use
a s
ingle
tra
it P
unnet
t sq
uar
e to
pre
dic
t th
e outc
om
e of
a gen
etic
cro
ss w
hen
the
par
ents
’ gen
oty
pes
are
kno
wn.
Indic
ate
whic
h
indiv
idual
s w
ill
expre
ss a
dom
inan
t or
rece
ssiv
e tr
ait.
Just
ify t
he
indic
atio
n b
y r
elat
ing t
hat
dom
inan
t al
lele
s ap
pea
rin
g h
eter
ozy
gousl
y
or
hom
ozygousl
y a
re e
xpre
ssed
or
that
tw
o r
eces
sive
alle
les
(hom
ozygous)
are
req
uir
ed f
or
an o
ffsp
ring t
o e
xpre
ss a
rec
essi
ve t
rait
.
Use
a p
edig
ree
to d
eter
min
e th
e pat
tern
of
inh
erit
ance
of
dom
inan
t an
d r
eces
sive
alle
les
over
sev
eral
gen
erat
ions.
Dis
cuss
the
pro
s an
d c
on
s of
gen
etic
tes
tin
g.
Use
gen
etic
info
rmat
ion t
o m
atch
par
ents
to o
ffsp
ring.
Res
earc
h a
nd r
eport
on s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g. S
elec
t an
org
anis
ms
(i.e
., r
ace h
ors
es, ped
igre
e do
gs)
an
d t
race
its
his
tory
of
dev
elopm
ent
and t
he
trai
ts o
f th
e an
imal
(or
pla
nt)
that
wer
e en
han
ced b
y s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g.
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(Des
ign
Ass
essm
ents
To
Gu
ide
Inst
ruct
ion
) A
sses
smen
t: T
he
sum
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent
consi
sts
of
five
ques
tions.
T
hes
e ques
tions
are
mea
nt
to f
low
conce
ptu
ally
whil
e sp
annin
g
dif
fere
nt
cognit
ive
level
s.
In t
his
way, th
e as
sess
men
t bec
om
es d
iagnost
ic i
n k
now
ing t
he
studen
t’s
cognit
ive
lev
el o
f under
stan
din
g w
hic
h
H - 196
001468
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 9
of
14
then
lea
ds
to i
nst
ruct
ional
chan
ges
.
Tra
nsf
er K
ey I
dea
s:
T
he
trai
ts o
f an
org
anis
m a
re d
eter
min
ed b
y g
enes
. G
enes
are
subunit
s of
chro
moso
mes
. C
hro
moso
mes
are
found
in c
ells
, occ
ur
in
pai
rs a
nd c
arry
her
edit
ary i
nfo
rmat
ion.
Gen
es a
re m
ade
of
the
chem
ical
DN
A.
A
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion r
esult
s in
off
spri
ng t
hat
are
gen
etic
ally
iden
tica
l to
th
e par
ent.
T
his
pro
cess
is
advan
tageo
us
in m
ainta
inin
g t
he
gen
etic
mak
eup o
f org
anis
ms
that
are
succ
essf
ul
in a
spec
ific
envir
onm
ent.
S
exual
rep
roduct
ion r
esu
lts
from
the
com
bin
atio
n o
f tw
o g
amet
es (
egg a
nd s
per
m).
T
his
pro
cess
res
ult
s in
incr
ease
d v
aria
bil
ity a
mon
g
off
spri
ng, w
hic
h m
ay i
ncr
ease
th
e pro
bab
ilit
y o
f su
rviv
al i
n c
han
gin
g e
nvir
onm
ents
.
P
atte
rns
of
inher
itan
ce f
oll
ow
rule
s an
d a
re t
her
efo
re p
redic
table
. U
nd
erst
andin
g t
hes
e p
atte
rns
can i
nfo
rm d
ecis
ions
about
hu
man
hea
lth,
pre
dic
t th
e poss
ibil
ity o
f gen
etic
dis
ord
ers,
and b
e use
d f
or
sele
ctiv
e bre
edin
g o
f an
imal
s an
d p
lants
.
Ex
pec
tati
ons
of
studen
ts:
Stu
den
ts a
re e
xpec
ted t
o:
di
scuss
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion i
n t
erm
s of
pat
tern
s of
inher
itan
ce.
us
e gen
es f
rom
a m
oth
er a
nd f
ather
to d
eter
min
e th
e gen
etic
mak
e-up o
f o
ffsp
ring.
co
rrec
tly m
atch
a p
hen
oty
pe
wit
h a
gen
oty
pe.
ex
pla
in g
enet
ic v
aria
bil
ity i
n s
exual
and a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion.
di
scuss
advan
tages
and d
isad
van
tages
of
sex
ual
and a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion.
in
terp
ret
a p
edig
ree.
ex
pla
in t
hat
sex
ual
ly r
epro
duce
d o
ffsp
ring g
et ½
of
thei
r gen
etic
info
rmat
ion f
rom
eac
h p
aren
t. T
hey
are
ex
pec
ted t
o i
ndic
ate
whet
her
an i
ndiv
idual
is
hom
ozygous
or
het
erozygous
for
a tr
ait.
us
e a
Punnet
t sq
uar
e to
corr
ectl
y p
redic
t th
e pro
bab
ilit
y o
f o
ffsp
rin
g e
xpre
ssin
g a
tra
it.
Form
ati
ve
ass
essm
ent
is f
ound i
n e
ach a
ctiv
ity. Q
uic
k w
rite
s to
journ
al q
ues
tions
are
use
d t
o d
eter
min
e w
hat
the
studen
t know
s pri
or
to
star
ting t
he
acti
vit
y a
s w
ell
as w
hat
the
studen
t has
lea
rned
thro
ughout
the
acti
vit
y. T
hes
e ar
e sc
ore
d u
sing a
4-p
oin
t S
EP
UP
syst
em, as
par
t
of
the
curr
icula
r m
ater
ials
.
Gen
etic
s su
mm
ati
ve
ass
essm
ent
can
be
fou
nd
at:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
acs
sess
/def
au
lt.s
htm
l
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
Ru
bri
cs f
or
Gen
etic
s ass
essm
ent
can
be
fou
nd
at:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
acs
sess
/def
au
lt.s
htm
l
H - 197
001469
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
0 o
f 1
4
Oth
er E
vid
ence
Act
ivit
y 5
8:
Cre
ature
Fea
ture
s an
d A
ctiv
ity 6
5:
Bre
edin
g C
ritt
ers-
More
Tra
its:
Stu
den
ts c
onst
ruct
model
s of
crit
ters
that
res
ult
fro
m p
aren
ts
tran
smit
ting g
enes
to t
hei
r off
spri
ng.
Act
ivit
y 6
8:
Sea
rchin
g f
or
the
Lost
Chil
dre
n-
and A
ctiv
ity 6
9:
Evid
ence
fro
m D
NA
S
tuden
ts u
se D
NA
evid
ence
and b
lood t
yp
es t
o
iden
tify
lost
ch
ildre
n.
pp. h-3
in S
EP
UP
note
book i
ncl
udes
an I
tem
Ban
k o
f poss
ible
tes
t an
d/o
r quiz
ques
tions
for
this
unit
.
Stu
den
t S
elf-
Ass
essm
ent
an
d R
efle
ctio
n
Stu
den
ts s
hould
kee
p a
runnin
g j
ourn
al t
hat
tra
cks
thei
r le
arnin
g a
s th
ey p
rogre
ss t
hro
ugh t
he
unit
. T
his
journ
al s
hou
ld b
e a
com
bin
atio
n o
f
self
ref
lect
ion a
nd d
ata
coll
ecte
d a
s a
resu
lt o
f unit
act
ivit
ies.
When
stu
den
ts c
om
ple
te t
he
less
ons
in t
his
unit
, th
ey s
hould
be
enco
ura
ged
to m
ake
note
s on t
hei
r w
ork
that
indic
ates
gro
wth
in
under
stan
din
g. N
ot
all
work
shee
ts s
hould
be
off
icia
lly g
rad
ed, but
all
work
should
incl
ude
opport
unit
ies
for
studen
t re
flec
tion. O
nly
those
assi
gnm
ents
that
mea
sure
know
ledge
that
should
be
soli
dif
ied i
n t
he
min
ds
of
the
studen
ts s
hould
be
gra
ded
. L
earn
ing e
xper
ien
ces
should
not
be
gra
ded
as
they a
re d
evel
oped
to d
raw
out
studen
t m
isco
nce
pti
ons.
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esig
n L
earn
ing
Act
ivit
ies
To
Ali
gn
wit
h G
oa
ls a
nd
Ass
essm
en
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oals
The
SE
PU
P O
ur
Gen
es,
Our
Sel
ves
unit
is
use
d t
o m
eet
the
lear
nin
g g
oal
s. T
he
unit
is
div
ided
into
17 s
hort
act
ivit
ies.
A s
um
mar
y o
f ea
ch
acti
vit
y i
s li
sted
bel
ow
. N
ote
that
the
acti
vit
ies
beg
in w
ith n
um
ber
54 a
nd e
nd w
ith n
um
ber
71.
Res
ourc
e: S
EP
UP
: O
ur
Gen
es O
urs
elves
Sci
ence
Educa
tion f
or
Publi
c U
nder
stan
din
g P
rogra
m. 2
001. T
he
Reg
ents
of
the
Univ
ersi
ty o
f
Cal
iforn
ia. P
ubli
shed
by L
ab A
ids.
Ronko
nkom
a, N
Y.)
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
4:
Inve
stig
ati
ng H
um
an T
rait
s- S
tuden
ts i
nves
tigat
e tr
aits
fo
r si
x h
um
an c
har
acte
rist
ics
as t
he
beg
innin
g o
f an
ongoin
g
dis
cuss
ion o
f hum
an v
aria
tion a
nd h
ered
ity. T
he
idea
of
inher
ited
tra
its
is i
ntr
oduce
d.
H - 198
001470
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
1 o
f 1
4
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
5:
Pla
nts
Have
Gen
es, T
oo!-
Stu
den
ts g
erm
inat
e se
eds
that
are
the
off
spri
ng o
f pla
nts
bre
d f
rom
tru
e-bre
edin
g g
reen
and p
ale
yel
low
str
ains
of
flow
erin
g t
obac
co.
By p
redic
ting a
nd t
hen
quan
tify
ing t
he
colo
rs o
f th
e o
ffsp
rin
g p
lants
, st
uden
ts o
bta
in g
enet
ic d
ata
for
anal
ysi
s.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
6:
Joe’
s D
ilem
ma
-Stu
den
ts a
re i
ntr
oduce
d t
o t
he
issu
e of
gen
etic
tes
ting t
hro
ugh a
sto
ry a
bout
a st
uden
t w
ho s
usp
ects
he
may
hav
e in
her
ited
a g
enet
ic s
yn
dro
me
(the
Mar
fan s
yn
dro
me)
. S
tuden
ts g
ener
ate
ques
tions
they
wo
uld
hav
e if
they w
ere
in t
his
sit
uat
ion, an
d
mak
e a
pre
lim
inar
y d
ecis
ion o
f w
hat
they w
ould
do b
ased
on t
he
lim
ited
info
rmat
ion t
hey
hav
e so
far
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
7:
Copyc
at-
Ase
xual
and s
exual
rep
roduct
ion a
re i
ntr
odu
ced.
Dif
fere
nce
s b
etw
een t
he
two p
repar
e st
uden
ts t
o u
nder
stan
d t
he
mec
han
ism
s of
her
edit
y i
n s
exual
ly r
epro
du
cing o
rgan
ism
s.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
8:
Cre
atu
re F
eatu
res-
Stu
den
ts d
evel
op h
ypoth
eses
to e
xpla
in t
he
beh
avio
r of
gen
es i
n a
sto
ry a
bout
zoo s
cien
tist
s bre
edin
g
imag
inar
y c
reat
ure
s. T
hey
use
mod
els
to e
val
uat
e ho
w w
ell
the
hypoth
eses
fit
addit
ional
evid
ence
ab
out
the
crit
ter
off
spri
ng.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 5
9:
Gen
e C
om
bo-S
tuden
ts u
se a
coin
toss
ing s
imula
tion t
o m
odel
the
pat
tern
of
inh
erit
ance
ex
hib
ited
by m
any s
ingle
-gen
e
trai
ts, in
cludin
g t
he
crit
ter
tail
-colo
r ch
arac
teri
stic
. T
hey
rel
ate
this
mod
el t
o t
he
hypoth
esis
they d
evel
oped
in A
ctiv
ity 5
8.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
0:
Men
del
, F
irst
Gen
etic
ist-
A r
ead
ing d
escr
ibes
Men
del
’s e
xper
imen
ts w
ith p
ea p
lants
. S
tuden
ts r
elat
e th
e ru
les
dis
cover
ed
by M
end
el i
n h
is a
nal
ysi
s of
pea
pla
nt
cross
es t
o t
hei
r fi
ndin
gs
about
crit
ter
gen
es. T
he
read
ing i
ntr
od
uce
s th
e id
ea t
hat
bas
ic c
once
pts
dis
cover
ed i
n w
ork
ing w
ith o
ne
type
of
org
anis
m (
pea
pla
nts
) ca
n o
ften
be
gen
eral
ized
to o
ther
org
anis
ms
or
gro
ups
(hum
ans)
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
1:
Gen
e S
quare
s-S
tuden
ts u
se P
unnet
t sq
uar
es t
o p
redic
t th
e ap
pro
xim
ate
freq
uen
cies
of
trai
ts a
mong t
he
off
spri
ng o
f sp
ecif
ic
crit
ter
cross
es.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
2:
Analy
zing G
enet
ic D
ata
-Stu
den
ts q
uan
tify
the
resu
lts
of
the
seed
s th
ey g
erm
inat
ed i
n A
ctiv
ity 5
5 “
Pla
nts
hav
e G
enes
too”
and c
om
par
e th
eir
resu
lts
to M
endel
’s r
esult
s.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
3:
Show
Me
the
Gen
es!-
A r
eadin
g d
escr
ibes
the
beh
avio
r of
chro
moso
mes
duri
ng s
exual
rep
roduct
ion a
nd i
ts c
onsi
sten
cy
wit
h b
asic
pat
tern
s of
inh
erit
ance
. In
addit
ion, th
e fu
nct
ion o
f D
NA
and t
he
effe
cts
of
random
ly o
ccu
rrin
g m
uta
tions
are
intr
oduce
d.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
4:
Natu
re a
nd N
urt
ure
- S
tuden
ts d
esig
n a
n e
xper
imen
t to
inv
esti
gat
e th
e ef
fect
of
the
envir
onm
ent
on t
he
dev
elopm
ent
of
the
gre
en c
olo
r tr
ait
in N
icoti
ana
seed
lin
gs.
This
intr
oduce
s th
e in
terp
lay o
f her
edit
y (
nat
ure
) an
d e
nvir
onm
enta
l (n
urt
ure
fac
tors
in t
he
dev
elopm
ent
of
an o
rgan
ism
s tr
aits
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
5:
Bre
edin
g C
ritt
ers-
More
Tra
its-
Stu
den
ts m
odel
the
div
ersi
ty o
f off
spri
ng p
oss
ible
fro
m t
wo p
aren
ts a
nd d
isco
ver
pat
tern
s
H - 199
001471
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
2 o
f 1
4
of
inher
itan
ce o
ther
than
str
ict
dom
inan
t/re
cess
ive
trai
ts.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
6:
Patt
erns
in P
edig
ree-
Stu
den
ts i
nves
tigat
e th
e beh
avio
r o
f gen
es f
or
hum
an t
rait
s. P
edig
rees
are
intr
oduce
d a
s an
oth
er w
ay
to s
tud
y g
enes
. T
hey a
re t
hen
use
d t
o a
nal
yze
the
pat
tern
s of
tran
smis
sion f
or
rece
ssiv
e an
d d
om
inan
t hum
an t
rait
s.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
7:
What
Would
You D
o? -
Stu
den
ts r
eturn
to J
oe’
s dil
emm
a an
d c
onsi
der
whet
her
he
should
be
test
ed f
or
the
Mar
fan
syndro
me.
This
act
ivit
y p
rovid
es m
ore
info
rmat
ion
about
the
Mar
fan s
yndro
me
and a
lso a
llow
s st
uden
ts t
o c
onsi
der
furt
her
ho
w a
dia
gnosi
s
of
a gen
etic
con
dit
ion m
ight
affe
ct a
per
son.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
8:
Sea
rchin
g f
or
the
Lost
Chil
dre
n-
Stu
den
ts a
re i
ntr
oduce
d t
o t
he
pro
ble
m o
f id
enti
fyin
g p
eople
who c
anno
t id
enti
fy
them
selv
es. T
hey r
ead a
sto
ry o
f so
me
chil
dre
n l
ost
duri
ng a
war
. A
lthou
gh t
he
story
is
fict
ional
, it
is
bas
ed o
n a
ctual
sit
uat
ions
in r
ecen
t
tim
es.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 6
9:
Evi
den
ce f
rom
DN
A-
Stu
den
ts l
earn
how
DN
A f
inger
pri
nti
ng i
s do
ne
by p
erfo
rmin
g a
sim
ula
tion o
f th
e pro
cess
use
d t
o
gen
erat
e dif
fere
nt
size
d p
iece
s of
DN
A. T
hey c
om
par
e th
eir
sim
ula
tion t
o t
he
actu
al p
roce
du
res
use
d b
y s
cien
tist
s to
pre
par
e D
NA
finger
pri
nts
.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 7
0:
Fin
din
g t
he
Lost
Chil
dre
n-
Stu
den
ts i
nves
tigat
e th
e use
of
DN
A f
inger
pri
nts
as
evid
ence
in e
stab
lish
ing f
amil
y
rela
tionsh
ips.
They u
se D
NA
fin
ger
pri
nts
to o
bta
in a
ddit
ional
evid
ence
abo
ut
the
iden
titi
es o
f th
e lo
st c
hil
dre
n o
f Jo
hn a
nd B
elin
da
and o
f
Mai
and P
aul.
Inv
esti
gat
ion 7
1:
Should
We?
Stu
den
ts l
earn
ab
out
the
work
of
Dr.
Mar
y-C
lair
e K
ing, w
ho h
elped
fam
ilie
s in
Arg
enti
na
find t
hei
r lo
st
chil
dre
n. T
hey t
hen
per
form
an e
thic
al a
nal
ysi
s to
dec
ide
wh
at s
hou
ld b
e done
wit
h t
he
lost
chil
dre
n o
f N
amel
ia.
Pote
nti
al M
isunder
stan
din
gs:
1.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
thin
k t
hat
, bec
ause
an o
ffsp
rin
g l
ooks
sim
ilar
to o
ne
or
the
oth
er p
aren
t, t
hat
the
off
spri
ng r
ecei
ved
mo
re g
enet
ic
mat
eria
l fr
om
one
par
ent
than
the
oth
er.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
thin
k t
hat
gir
ls r
ecei
ve
more
gen
etic
mak
eup
fro
m t
hei
r m
oth
er a
nd b
oys
more
fro
m t
hei
r fa
ther
.
2.
Stu
den
ts m
ay c
onfu
se t
he
par
ing o
f gen
es a
nd s
tate
that
½ t
he
gen
etic
mak
eup c
om
es f
rom
eac
h p
aren
t yet
inco
rrec
tly s
tate
th
at
all
of
the
eye
colo
r, f
or
exam
ple
, co
mes
fro
m o
ne
par
ent
whil
e al
l of
anoth
er t
rait
com
es f
rom
anoth
er. I
n o
ther
word
s, t
hat
more
of
one
trai
t co
mes
fro
m o
ne
par
ent
than
the
oth
er.
3.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
confu
se t
he
par
ing o
f al
lele
s an
d w
ill
pai
r th
em i
nco
rrec
tly a
t ra
ndom
, oft
en m
akin
g t
he
off
spri
ng d
irec
tly i
den
tica
l to
a par
ent.
4.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
confu
se g
enoty
pe
wit
h p
hen
oty
pe.
5.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
thin
k t
hat
som
e of
the
off
spri
ng p
roduce
d t
hro
ugh s
exual
rep
roduct
ion w
ill
be
iden
tica
l to
eac
h o
ther
and d
o n
ot
full
y
H - 200
001472
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
3 o
f 1
4
under
stan
d t
he
var
iabil
ity o
f su
ch a
n o
ccurr
ence
.
6.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
confu
se s
exual
wit
h a
sex
ual
rep
roduct
ion a
nd r
ever
se t
he
advan
tages
of
each
.
7.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
bel
ieve
that
the
mo
st c
om
monly
ex
pre
ssed
tra
its
are
dom
inan
t an
d t
hat
th
e le
ss c
om
monly
ex
pre
ssed
tra
its
are
rece
ssiv
e.
8.
Whil
e so
me
studen
ts c
an c
orr
ectl
y m
ake
a P
unnet
t S
quar
e, t
hey d
o n
ot
full
y u
nder
stan
d t
he
info
rmat
ion t
hat
the
tool
pro
vid
es.
9.
Stu
den
ts o
ften
inco
rrec
tly b
elie
ve
that
the
gen
der
of
off
spri
ng i
s dep
end
ent
upon o
ther
off
spri
ng. F
or
exam
ple
, if
a m
oth
er a
nd f
ather
hav
e fo
ur
bo
ys,
stu
den
ts o
ften
thin
k t
he
chan
ce o
f hav
ing a
noth
er b
oy i
s no
t 50%
.
This
unit
is
mea
nt
to b
e ta
ught
in a
6 w
eek
form
at.
Her
e is
a s
ugges
ted t
imef
ram
e bas
ed o
n a
reg
ula
r 40
-55 m
inute
cla
ss p
erio
d.
Monday
T
ues
day
Wed
nes
day
T
hurs
day
Fri
day
Act
ivit
y 5
4:
Inves
tigat
ing
Hum
an t
rait
s
Act
ivit
y 5
4:
Inves
tigat
ing
Hum
an t
rait
s
Act
ivit
y 5
5:
Pla
nts
hav
e
Gen
es, T
oo!
Act
ivit
y 5
6:
Joe’
s
Dil
emm
a
Act
ivit
y 5
6:
Joe’
s
Dil
emm
a
Act
ivit
y 5
7:
Cop
yca
t A
ctiv
ity 5
8:
Cre
ature
Fea
ture
Act
ivit
y 5
8:
Cre
ature
Fea
ture
Act
ivit
y 5
9:
Gen
e C
om
bo
A
ctiv
ity 5
9:
Gen
e C
om
bo
Act
ivit
y 6
0:
Men
del
,
Fir
st G
enet
icis
t
Act
ivit
y 6
1:
Gen
e
Squar
es
Act
ivit
y 6
1:
Gen
e
Squar
es
Act
ivit
y 6
1:
Gen
e
Squar
es
Act
ivit
y 6
2:
Anal
yzi
ng
Gen
etic
Dat
a
Act
ivit
y 6
3:
Show
me
the
Gen
es!
Act
ivit
y 6
3:
Show
me
the
Gen
es!
Act
ivit
y 6
4:
Nat
ure
and
Nurt
ure
Act
ivit
y 6
4:
Nat
ure
and
Nurt
ure
Act
ivit
y 6
5:
Bre
edin
g
Cri
tter
s- M
ore
Tra
its
Act
ivit
y 6
5:
Bre
edin
g
Cri
tter
s- M
ore
Tra
its
Act
ivit
y 6
6:
Pat
tern
s in
Ped
igre
es
Act
ivit
y 6
6:
Pat
tern
s in
Ped
igre
es
Act
ivit
y 6
8:
Sea
rchin
g
for
the
Lo
st C
hil
dre
n
Act
ivit
y 6
9:
Evid
ence
from
DN
A
Act
ivit
y 7
0:
Fin
din
g t
he
Lost
Chil
dre
n
Act
ivit
y 7
1:
Should
We?
A
ctiv
ity 7
1:
Should
We?
S
um
mat
ive
Ass
essm
ent
Sum
mat
ive
Ass
essm
ent
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
SE
PU
P:
Ou
r G
enes
Ou
rsel
ves
Sci
ence
Educa
tion f
or
Publi
c U
nder
stan
din
g P
rogra
m. 2001. T
he
Reg
ents
of
the
Univ
ersi
ty o
f C
alif
orn
ia.
Publi
shed
by L
ab A
ids.
Ronkonkom
a, N
Y.)
Tip
s:
The
foll
ow
ing a
re i
ntr
od
uce
d i
n t
his
un
it b
ut
are
not
par
t of
the
asse
ssed
mid
dle
sch
ool
stan
dar
ds.
C
lass
tim
e sh
ould
not
be g
iven
to t
he
issu
es b
elow
.
M
uta
tio
ns
are
intr
oduce
d i
n t
his
un
it b
ut
are
not
par
t of
the
mid
dle
sch
ool
scie
nce
sta
nd
ards
and a
re n
ot
asse
ssed
at
this
tim
e.
C
o-d
om
inan
ce i
s al
so i
ntr
oduce
d i
n t
his
un
it b
ut
is a
lso n
ot
par
t of
the
mid
dle
sch
ool
stan
dar
ds
nor
is a
sses
sed a
t th
is t
ime.
L
earn
ing a
bout
blo
od g
roups
is n
ot
par
t of
the
mid
dle
sch
ool
stan
dar
ds
nor
is i
t as
sess
ed.
L
earn
ing a
bout
the
nu
cleo
tides
(A
,C,T
,and G
) is
not
par
t of
the
mid
dle
sch
ool
stan
dar
ds.
L
earn
ing h
ow
enzym
es a
re u
sed t
o g
ener
ate
DN
A f
inger
pri
nts
is
not
par
t of
the
mid
dle
sch
ool
stan
dar
ds.
H - 201
001473
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
P
age 1
4 o
f 1
4
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips.
T
he
use
of
gro
up a
ctiv
itie
s th
roughout
this
un
it e
nab
les
studen
ts w
ith d
iffi
cult
y t
o g
ain i
nsi
ght
from
fel
low
cla
ssm
ates
. P
air
studen
ts
toget
her
to b
est
mak
e use
of
studen
t st
ren
gth
s in
dif
fere
nt
area
s. F
or
exam
ple
, pai
r a
good r
ead
er w
ith s
om
eone
who i
s good a
t ta
ctil
e
task
s.
P
rovid
e ex
tended
tim
e fo
r st
uden
ts w
hose
str
ength
is
no
t in
the
area
of
focu
s. F
or
exam
ple
, pro
vid
e ex
tra
tim
e fo
r a
wri
tin
g a
ssig
nm
ent
for
a st
uden
t w
ho s
tru
ggle
s w
ith
wri
ting.
U
se a
“K
-W-L
” ch
art
to k
eep t
rack
of
“what
we
know
”, “
What
we
wan
t to
know
” an
d “
what
we
lear
ned
”. R
evis
e th
e ch
art
oft
en
thro
ugh o
ut
the
unit
as
new
ques
tions
aris
e an
d n
ew k
now
led
ge
is l
earn
ed.
This
wil
l al
so a
llow
for
pre
-tes
tin
g o
f st
uden
t kno
wle
dge
if
com
ple
ted i
n t
he
studen
t jo
urn
al.
U
se a
con
cept
map
ch
art
to h
elp s
tuden
ts v
isual
ly c
onnec
t th
e co
nce
pts
in t
he
unit
.
R
evie
w t
he
pre
vio
us
day’s
les
son a
nd c
onti
nuousl
y r
einfo
rce
con
cepts
fro
m t
he
unit
.
P
erm
it t
he
apt
studen
t to
acc
eler
ate
thei
r ra
te o
f pro
gre
ss a
nd w
ork
ind
epen
den
tly o
n s
om
e co
nte
nt.
S
tuden
ts m
ay u
se g
raphic
org
aniz
ers,
map
s an
d d
iagra
ms
to e
ffec
tivel
y f
acil
itat
e dif
feri
ng l
evel
s of
cognit
ive
pro
cess
ing f
or
studen
ts o
f
dif
fere
nt
abil
ity l
evel
s.
H - 202
001474
Cop
yri
gh
t 2
008
Dela
wa
re D
ep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
Pa
ge 1
of
25
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Coali
tio
n
Gra
de
8 P
lan
etary
Sci
ence
Un
it T
emp
late
Copyr
igh
t 2008D
elaw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Edu
cati
on
H - 203
001475
Pa
ge 2
of
25
Ch
ar
ter
Sc
ho
ol
Un
it M
od
ific
ati
on
Th
e fo
llo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n d
evel
op
ed t
o a
ssis
t in
th
e re
fin
emen
t o
f th
e re
qu
ired
sco
pe
an
d s
eq
uen
ce d
ocu
men
ts a
nd
acc
om
pa
ny
ing
un
its
of
inst
ruct
ion
fo
r th
e ch
art
er
sch
oo
l a
pp
rov
al
an
d r
ene
wa
l p
roce
sses
.
Th
rou
gh
a c
ov
er l
ette
r fo
rma
t th
ese
qu
est
ion
s sh
ou
ld b
e a
dd
ress
ed t
o a
ssis
t m
emb
ers
of
the
De
law
are
Dep
art
men
t o
f E
du
cati
on
Cu
rric
ulu
m a
nd
In
stru
ctio
na
l Im
pro
ve
men
t w
ork
gro
up
eff
ecti
vel
y e
va
lua
te c
ha
rter
sch
oo
l a
pp
lica
tio
ns.
Gu
idin
g Q
ue
sti
on
s
1.
W
hy
wa
s th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
sel
ecte
d a
s p
art
of
yo
ur
sch
oo
ls’ c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n?
Th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
wa
s se
lect
ed
as
pa
rt o
f T
ho
ma
s E
dis
on
’s c
urr
icu
lar
sub
mis
sio
n b
eca
use
th
ey a
re a
p
art
of
the
DE
Sci
en
ce C
oa
liti
on
. S
tud
ents
are
ab
le t
o e
ng
ag
e in
re
sea
rch
wit
h t
he
inte
gra
ted
tec
hn
olo
gy
co
mp
on
ent
wit
hin
th
is u
nit
to
in
ves
tig
ate
th
e su
n,
mo
on
, a
nd
ph
ase
s, e
sta
bli
shin
g f
or
them
a d
eep
er
un
der
sta
nd
ing
of
the
inte
rco
nn
ecte
dn
ess
of
the
pla
net
s a
s a
sy
stem
.
2.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
o m
eet
the
spec
ific
nee
ds
of
the
stu
den
t p
op
ula
tio
n y
ou
r sc
ho
ol
serv
es?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is m
od
el u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
. Im
bed
ded
in
to t
he
un
it a
re s
ug
ges
tio
ns
for
dif
fere
nti
ati
on
, so
th
e n
eed
s o
f a
ll l
earn
ers
can
be
met
th
rou
gh
th
is u
nit
as
is.
Tea
cher
s h
av
e re
ceiv
ed t
he
kit
tr
ain
ing
so
th
ey a
re c
on
fid
ent
in t
hei
r a
bil
itie
s to
ex
ecu
te t
his
kit
wit
h f
idel
ity
to
all
lea
rner
s.
3.
Wh
at
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t re
flec
t th
e re
sou
rces
(h
um
an
, ti
me
, b
uil
din
g,
tech
no
log
y e
tc.)
av
ail
ab
le
to y
ou
r sc
ho
ol?
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
of
inst
ruct
ion
4.
Des
crib
e a
ny
oth
er m
od
ific
ati
on
s th
at
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e t
o t
he
mo
del
un
it o
f in
stru
ctio
n t
ha
t w
ill
ass
ist
in t
he
curr
icu
lar
rev
iew
fo
r y
ou
r sc
ho
ol.
No
mo
dif
ica
tio
ns
ha
ve
bee
n m
ad
e to
th
is u
nit
.
H - 204
001476
Pa
ge 3
of
25
Pre
face
: T
his
un
it h
as
bee
n c
rea
ted
as
a m
od
el f
or
tea
cher
s in
th
eir
des
ign
ing
or
red
esig
nin
g o
f co
urs
e cu
rric
ula
. I
t is
by
no
mea
ns
inte
nd
ed t
o b
e in
clu
sive
; ra
ther
it i
s m
ean
t to
be
a s
pri
ng
bo
ard
fo
r te
ach
er t
ho
ug
ht
an
d c
rea
tivi
ty.
Th
e in
form
ati
on
we
ha
ve i
ncl
ud
ed r
epre
sen
ts o
ne
po
ssib
ilit
y fo
r d
evel
op
ing
a u
nit
ba
sed
on
th
e
Del
aw
are
co
nte
nt
sta
nd
ard
s a
nd
th
e U
nd
erst
an
din
g b
y D
esig
n f
ram
ewo
rk a
nd
ph
ilo
sop
hy.
Bri
ef S
um
ma
ry o
f U
nit
The
Pla
net
ary S
yst
ems
unit
focu
ses
on o
bse
rvab
le, pre
dic
table
pat
tern
s of
movem
ent
in t
he
Sun
, E
arth
, M
oon s
yst
em i
ncl
udin
g M
oon
phas
es, S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t, r
ota
tion a
nd r
evolu
tio
n, se
asons
and d
ay/n
ight.
The
infl
uen
ce o
f gra
vit
y a
nd e
ner
gy f
rom
the
Sun o
n t
he
pla
net
s
and o
ther
sola
r sy
stem
ob
ject
s is
als
o a
ddre
ssed
thro
ughout
the
unit
. T
echno
log
y i
s use
d i
n t
his
unit
to r
esea
rch i
nfo
rmat
ion a
bout
the
Sola
r
Syst
em a
nd t
echnolo
gy, su
ch a
s sa
tell
ites
, use
d t
o s
tud
y t
he
pla
net
s, m
oons,
ast
eroid
s an
d S
un.
The
Pla
net
ary S
yst
ems
unit
is
typ
ical
ly
taught
afte
r th
e T
ransf
orm
atio
n o
f E
ner
gy u
nit
an
d b
efore
th
e E
cosy
stem
s unit
in e
ighth
gra
de.
Stu
den
ts c
oll
ect
dat
a on M
oo
n p
has
es,
Sunri
se a
nd S
unse
t an
d t
ides
and u
se t
his
dat
a to
obse
rve
vis
ible
pat
tern
s ca
use
d b
y t
he
moti
on o
f th
e S
un, M
oon a
nd E
arth
. M
odel
ing,
anal
yzi
ng d
ata
and r
esea
rchin
g d
ata
from
the
inte
rnet
are
som
e m
ethods
use
d t
o e
ffec
tivel
y t
each
this
unit
.
Sta
ge
1:
Des
ired
Res
ult
s D
ela
wa
re S
cien
ce C
on
ten
t S
tan
da
rds
Del
aw
are
Sci
ence
Con
ten
t S
tan
dard
s
Th
is c
ou
rse
focu
ses
on
th
e D
elaw
are
Sci
ence
Co
nte
nt
Sta
nd
ard
s an
d G
rad
e L
evel
Exp
ecta
tion
s in
Sta
nd
ard
s 1 a
nd
4 f
ou
nd
on
th
e
foll
ow
ing w
eb s
ite:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12
.de.
us/
pro
gra
ms/
ci/c
on
ten
t_a
reas/
scie
nce
.sh
tml
Sta
nd
ard
On
e: T
he
Natu
re a
nd
Ap
pli
cati
on
of
Sci
ence
an
d T
ech
nolo
gy
Under
stan
din
gs
and A
bil
itie
s of
Sci
enti
fic
Inquir
y
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
and b
e ab
le t
o:
1.
Un
der
stan
d t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ions
involv
e as
kin
g t
esta
ble
ques
tions.
D
iffe
rent
kin
ds
of
ques
tions
sugges
t dif
fere
nt
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions.
T
he
curr
ent
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
ledge
guid
es t
he
inves
tigat
ion.
Be
able
to:
Fra
me
and r
efin
e ques
tions
that
can
be
inves
tigat
ed s
cien
tifi
call
y,
and g
ener
ate
test
able
hyp
oth
eses
.
2.
Un
der
stan
d t
hat
: A
val
id i
nves
tigat
ion c
ontr
ols
var
iable
s. D
iffe
rent
exper
imen
tal
des
igns
and s
trat
egie
s ca
n b
e d
evel
oped
to
answ
er t
he
sam
e ques
tio
n.
Be
able
to:
Des
ign a
nd
conduct
inves
tigat
ions
wit
h c
ontr
oll
ed v
aria
ble
s to
tes
t h
ypoth
eses
.
3. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: In
a s
cien
tifi
c in
ves
tigat
ion, dat
a co
llec
tion i
nvolv
es m
akin
g p
reci
se m
easu
rem
ents
and k
eepin
g a
ccura
te r
ecord
s
so t
hat
oth
ers
can r
epli
cate
the
exper
imen
t.
Be
able
to:
Acc
ura
tely
co
llec
t dat
a th
rou
gh t
he
sele
ctio
n a
nd u
se o
f to
ols
an
d t
echniq
ues
appro
pri
ate
to t
he
inves
tigat
ion.
Const
ruct
tab
les,
dia
gra
ms
and g
raphs,
show
ing r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
wo v
aria
ble
s, t
o d
ispla
y a
nd f
acil
itat
e an
alysi
s of
dat
a. C
om
par
e an
d q
ues
tion r
esult
s w
ith
and f
rom
oth
er s
tuden
ts.
4. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: T
her
e is
much
ex
per
imen
tal
and o
bse
rvat
ional
evid
ence
that
support
s a
larg
e bod
y o
f kno
wle
dge.
T
he
scie
nti
fic
H - 205
001477
Pa
ge 4
of
25
com
munit
y s
upport
s kno
wn i
nfo
rmat
ion u
nti
l new
ex
per
imen
tal
evid
ence
ari
ses
that
does
not
mat
ch e
xis
ting e
xpla
nat
ions.
T
his
lead
s to
the
evolu
tion o
f th
e sc
ien
tifi
c bod
y o
f kno
wle
dge.
Be
able
to:
Form
ex
pla
nat
ions
bas
ed o
n a
ccu
rate
and l
ogic
al a
nal
ysi
s of
evid
ence
. R
evis
e th
e ex
pla
nat
ion u
sing
alte
rnat
ive
des
crip
tio
ns,
pre
dic
tions,
model
s an
d k
now
ledge
from
oth
er s
ourc
es a
s w
ell
as r
esult
s of
furt
her
inves
tigat
ion.
5. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: E
val
uat
ing t
he
expla
nat
ions
pro
pose
d b
y o
ther
s in
volv
es e
xam
inin
g a
nd c
om
par
ing e
vid
ence
, id
enti
fyin
g f
ault
y
reas
onin
g, poin
ting o
ut
stat
emen
ts t
hat
go b
eyond t
he
evid
ence
, an
d s
ugges
ting a
lter
nat
ive
expla
nat
ions
for
the
sam
e
obse
rvat
ions.
C
onfl
icti
ng d
ata
or
con
flic
ting i
nte
rpre
tati
ons
of
the
sam
e d
ata
sugges
t th
e n
eed f
or
furt
her
inves
tigat
ion.
Conti
nued
inves
tigat
ion c
an l
ead t
o g
reat
er u
nder
stan
din
g a
nd r
esolu
tion o
f th
e co
nfl
ict.
Be
able
to:
Com
munic
ate
scie
nti
fic
pro
cedure
s, d
ata,
and e
xpla
nat
ions
to e
nab
le t
he
repli
cati
on o
f re
sult
s. U
se c
om
pute
r
tech
nolo
gy t
o a
ssis
t in
com
munic
atin
g t
hes
e re
sult
s. C
riti
cal
revie
w i
s im
po
rtan
t in
the
anal
ysi
s of
thes
e re
sult
s.
6. U
nd
erst
and t
hat
: S
cien
tifi
c hab
its
of
min
d a
nd o
ther
sourc
es o
f know
led
ge
and s
kil
ls a
re e
ssen
tial
to s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
y. H
ab
its
of
min
d i
ncl
ude
tole
rance
of
ambig
uit
y, sk
epti
cism
, open
nes
s to
new
idea
s, a
nd o
bje
ctiv
ity. O
ther
kn
ow
ledge
and s
kil
ls i
ncl
ude
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g,
wri
ting, an
d t
echnolo
gy.
Be
able
to:
Use
mat
hem
atic
s, r
eadin
g, w
riti
ng, an
d t
echnolo
gy w
hen
condu
ctin
g s
cien
tifi
c in
quir
ies.
Sci
ence
, T
echnolo
gy, an
d S
oci
ety
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1. A
dvan
ces
in t
echnolo
gy c
an e
xpan
d t
he
bod
y o
f sc
ienti
fic
know
led
ge.
T
echnolo
gic
al t
ools
all
ow
peo
ple
to o
bse
rve
obje
cts
and
phen
om
ena
that
oth
erw
ise
would
not
be
poss
ible
. T
echnolo
gy e
nhan
ces
the
qual
ity,
accu
racy, sp
eed a
nd a
nal
ysi
s of
dat
a
gat
her
ed.
3.
Sci
ence
and t
echnolo
gy i
n s
oci
ety a
re d
riven
by t
he
foll
ow
ing f
acto
rs:
econ
om
ical
, poli
tica
l, c
ult
ura
l, s
oci
al, an
d e
nvir
onm
enta
l.
Incr
ease
d s
cien
tifi
c know
ledg
e an
d t
echnolo
gy c
reat
e ch
anges
that
can
be
ben
efic
ial
or
det
rim
enta
l to
indiv
idual
s or
soci
ety
thro
ugh i
mpac
t on h
um
an h
ealt
h a
nd t
he
envir
on
men
t.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
A
nal
yze
dat
a on s
unri
se a
nd s
unse
t ti
mes
(in
ter
ms
of
length
of
dayli
ght)
and d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s. E
xpla
in t
he
reas
on f
or
the
pat
tern
s b
y u
sing m
odel
s or
com
pute
r si
mula
tions
of
the
Ear
th a
nd S
un.
Usi
ng i
nte
rnet
, new
spap
er, an
d a
ctu
al o
bse
rvat
ions
of
the
nig
ht
sky f
or
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a on t
he
Moon’s
appea
rance
, an
d m
oonri
se a
nd m
oonse
t ti
mes
. A
nal
yze
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e th
e obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
(phas
es).
E
xpla
in
wh
y t
he
Moon
’s a
ppea
rance
ch
anges
in a
rep
eati
ng c
ycl
ical
pat
tern
.
Use
a v
arie
ty o
f re
sourc
es (
e.g., N
AS
A p
hoto
gra
phs,
com
pute
r si
mula
tions)
to c
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.
e., te
mper
ature
, si
ze, co
mposi
tion, su
rfac
e fe
ature
s) o
f pla
net
s.
Rec
ogniz
e th
at s
pin
off
s ar
e pro
du
cts
whic
h h
ave
under
gone
a te
chnolo
gy t
ransf
er p
roce
ss f
rom
res
earc
h t
o p
ubli
c use
.
Res
earc
h s
pin
-off
s fr
om
the
spac
e p
rogra
m t
hat
hav
e af
fect
ed o
ur
ever
yday l
ives
(i.
e., V
elcr
o, sm
ok
e det
ecto
rs, co
rdle
ss
tools
).
H - 206
001478
Pa
ge 5
of
25
His
tory
and C
onte
xt
of
Sci
ence
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Over
th
e co
urs
e of
hum
an h
isto
ry, co
ntr
ibuti
ons
to s
cien
ce h
ave
bee
n m
ade
by d
iffe
rent
peo
ple
fro
m d
iffe
rent
cult
ure
s. S
tud
yin
g
som
e of
thes
e co
ntr
ibuti
ons
and h
ow
they c
ame
about
pro
vid
es i
nsi
ght
into
the
expan
sion
of
scie
nti
fic
know
led
ge.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e his
tori
call
y c
onfi
rmed
that
the
Ear
th i
s ro
und,
not
flat
.
D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e ac
quir
ed k
now
led
ge
about
com
ponen
ts o
f our
Sola
r S
yst
em. R
eco
gniz
e th
e im
port
ance
of
peo
ple
and t
echnolo
gie
s th
at h
ave
led t
o o
ur
curr
ent
under
stan
din
g o
f sp
ace.
Sta
nd
ard
4 :
Eart
h i
n S
pace
The
Ear
th/S
un/M
oon S
yst
em
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
The
Sun
is
a st
ar t
hat
giv
es o
ff r
adia
nt
ener
gy t
hat
dri
ves
Ear
th s
yst
ems
and i
s es
senti
al f
or
life
. T
he
amount
of
radia
nt
ener
gy E
arth
rece
ives
fro
m t
he
Sun t
hro
ughout
the
yea
r is
nea
rly c
onst
ant.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
A
nal
yze
dat
a on s
unri
se a
nd s
unse
t ti
mes
(in
ter
ms
of
length
of
dayli
ght)
and d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s. E
xpla
in t
he
reas
on f
or
the
pat
tern
s b
y u
sing m
odel
s or
com
pute
r si
mula
tions
of
the
Ear
th a
nd S
un.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
kn
ow
that
:
2.
The
tilt
of
Ear
th’s
ax
is o
f ro
tati
on a
s it
orb
its
the
Sun p
oin
ts i
n t
he
sam
e dir
ecti
on w
ith r
espec
t to
the
star
s. T
he
tilt
and t
he
orb
ital
moti
on o
f E
arth
aro
und t
he
Sun c
ause
var
iati
on i
n t
he
amount
of
sola
r ra
dia
tion s
trik
ing a
loca
tion o
n t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
wh
ich r
esult
s
in v
aria
tion i
n t
he
length
of
day/n
ight
and s
easo
ns.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
A
nal
yze
dat
a on s
unri
se a
nd s
unse
t ti
mes
(in
ter
ms
of
length
of
dayli
ght)
and d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s. E
xpla
in t
he
reas
on f
or
the
pat
tern
s b
y u
sing m
odel
s or
com
pute
r si
mula
tions
of
the
Ear
th a
nd S
un.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
3.
Moon p
has
es o
ccu
r bec
ause
the
rela
tive
posi
tions
of
Ear
th, M
oon, an
d S
un c
han
ge,
ther
eby e
nab
ling u
s to
see
dif
fere
nt
amounts
of
the
Moon’s
surf
ace.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
sing i
nte
rnet
, new
spap
er, an
d a
ctu
al o
bse
rvat
ions
of
the
nig
ht
sky f
or
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a on t
he
Moon’s
appea
rance
, an
d m
oonri
se a
nd m
oonse
t ti
mes
. A
nal
yze
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e th
e obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
(phas
es).
E
xpla
in w
hy
the
Moon’s
appea
ran
ce c
han
ges
in a
rep
eati
ng c
ycli
cal
pat
tern
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
H - 207
001479
Pa
ge 6
of
25
4.
The
Moon i
s a
nat
ura
l sa
tell
ite
of
Ear
th a
nd i
s d
iffe
rent
than
th
e E
arth
in s
ize,
atm
osp
her
e, g
ravit
y, an
d s
urf
ace
feat
ure
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
sing i
nte
rnet
, new
spap
er, an
d a
ctu
al o
bse
rvat
ions
of
the
nig
ht
sky f
or
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a on t
he
Moon’s
appea
rance
, an
d m
oonri
se a
nd m
oonse
t ti
mes
. A
nal
yze
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e th
e obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
(phas
es).
E
xpla
in w
hy
the
Moon’s
appea
ran
ce c
han
ges
in a
rep
eati
ng c
ycli
cal
pat
tern
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
5.
Tid
es a
re c
ause
d b
y t
he
gra
vit
atio
nal
inte
ract
ions
of
the
Sun, M
oon a
nd E
arth
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
se m
odel
s to
des
crib
e h
ow
the
rela
tive
posi
tions
of
the
Sun, M
oon, an
d E
arth
acc
ount
for
Moon p
has
es, ec
lipse
s, a
nd t
ides
.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
6.
The
Moon h
as a
gre
ater
im
pac
t on t
ides
bec
ause
of
its
pro
xim
ity t
o E
arth
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
D
escr
ibe
ho
w t
he
rela
tive
posi
tions
of
the
Ear
th,
Moon a
nd S
un c
an c
ause
hig
h a
nd l
ow
tid
es, an
d u
nusu
ally
hig
h o
r lo
w t
ides
.
The
Sola
r S
yst
em
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
The
Sun
is
by f
ar t
he
most
mas
sive
obje
ct i
n t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em, th
eref
ore
gra
vit
atio
nal
ly d
om
inat
ing a
ll o
ther
mem
ber
s of
the
Sola
r
Syst
em.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
D
emonst
rate
an u
nd
erst
and
ing o
f th
e m
oti
on o
f th
e bodie
s in
our
Sola
r S
yst
em. U
se m
odel
s, c
har
ts,
illu
stra
tions,
and o
ther
suit
able
rep
rese
nta
tions
to p
redic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
regula
r p
atte
rns
of
moti
on f
or
mo
st o
bje
cts
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em.
E
xpla
in h
ow
the
Sun i
s th
e ce
ntr
al a
nd l
arges
t bod
y i
n o
ur
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd t
he
sourc
e o
f th
e li
ght
ener
gy t
hat
hit
s our
pla
net
.
Use
model
s to
ex
pla
in h
ow
var
iati
ons
in t
he
amou
nt
of
Sun’s
ener
gy h
itti
ng t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
resu
lts
in s
easo
ns.
R
ecogniz
e th
at t
he
forc
e of
gra
vit
y k
eeps
pla
net
s in
orb
it a
round t
he
sun
an
d i
nfl
uen
ces
obje
cts
on E
arth
and o
ther
pla
net
s
(i.e
., t
ides
, ab
ilit
y o
f hum
ans
to m
ove
and f
unct
ion
). D
iffe
renti
ate
bet
wee
n a
n o
bje
ct’s
mas
s an
d w
eight.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
2.
The
Sola
r S
yst
em c
onsi
sts
of
com
ets,
ast
eroid
s, p
lanet
s, a
nd t
hei
r re
spec
tive
sate
llit
es, m
ost
of
whic
h o
rbit
the
Sun o
n a
pla
ne
call
ed
the
ecli
pti
c. T
he
pla
net
s in
our
Sola
r S
yst
em r
evolv
e in
the
sam
e dir
ecti
on a
round t
he
Sun i
n e
llip
tica
l orb
its
that
are
ver
y c
lose
to b
eing
in t
he
sam
e pla
ne.
Most
pla
net
s ro
tate
in t
he
sam
e dir
ecti
on w
ith r
espec
t to
the
Sun.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
D
emonst
rate
an u
nd
erst
and
ing o
f th
e co
mponen
ts o
f our
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd t
hei
r ch
arac
teri
stic
s, i
ncl
udin
g t
he
Moon, th
e S
un,
the
pla
net
s an
d t
hei
r m
oo
ns,
ex
tra-
sola
r pla
net
s, a
nd s
mal
ler
obje
cts
such
as
aste
roid
s an
d c
om
ets.
C
onst
ruct
sca
le m
odel
s of
the
Sola
r S
yst
em i
n o
rder
to d
escr
ibe
the
rela
tive
size
s of
pla
net
s an
d t
hei
r dis
tance
s fr
om
the
Sun.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
H - 208
001480
Pa
ge 7
of
25
3.
Pla
net
s ca
n b
e ca
tegori
zed a
s in
ner
or
oute
r pla
net
s ac
cord
ing t
o d
ensi
ty,
dia
met
er a
nd s
urf
ace
feat
ure
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
se a
var
iety
of
reso
urc
es (
e.g., N
AS
A p
hoto
gra
phs,
com
pute
r si
mula
tions)
to c
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.e
., t
emper
ature
, si
ze, co
mposi
tion, su
rfac
e fe
atu
res)
of
pla
net
s.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
4.
Pla
net
s an
d t
hei
r m
oons
hav
e bee
n s
hap
ed o
ver
tim
e b
y c
om
mon p
roce
sses
such
as
crat
erin
g, volc
anis
m, er
osi
on, an
d t
ecto
nic
s. T
he
pre
sence
of
life
on a
pla
net
can
contr
ibute
to i
ts u
niq
ue
dev
elopm
ent.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
U
se a
var
iety
of
reso
urc
es (
e.g., N
AS
A p
hoto
gra
phs,
com
pute
r si
mula
tions)
to c
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.e
., t
emper
ature
, si
ze, co
mposi
tion, su
rfac
e fe
atu
res)
of
pla
net
s.
Tec
hnolo
gy a
nd A
ppli
cati
on
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
1.
Tec
hnolo
gy, in
cludin
g h
um
ans
landin
g o
n t
he
Moon, ro
bot
Lan
der
s an
d o
ther
spac
e pro
bes
, sa
tell
ites
, an
d r
adio
tel
esco
pes
, al
low
scie
nti
sts
to i
nves
tigat
e co
ndit
ions
on E
arth
and o
n o
ther
obje
cts
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e his
tori
call
y c
onfi
rmed
that
the
Ear
th i
s ro
und,
not
flat
.
D
escr
ibe
ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e ac
quir
ed k
now
led
ge
about
com
ponen
ts o
f our
Sola
r S
yst
em. R
eco
gniz
e th
e im
port
ance
of
peo
ple
and t
echnolo
gie
s th
at h
ave
led t
o o
ur
curr
ent
under
stan
din
g o
f sp
ace.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
know
that
:
2.
The
tech
nolo
gy u
sed i
n s
pac
e ex
plo
rati
on e
xpan
ds
our
know
led
ge
of
the
Univ
erse
and h
as m
any s
pin
-off
s re
late
d t
o e
ver
yday
appli
cati
ons.
Stu
den
ts s
hould
be
able
to:
R
ecogniz
e th
at s
pin
-off
s ar
e pro
du
cts
whic
h h
ave
under
gone
a te
chnolo
gy t
ransf
er p
roce
ss f
rom
res
earc
h t
o p
ubli
c use
.
Res
earc
h a
nd r
eport
on s
pin
-off
s fr
om
the
spac
e p
rogra
m t
hat
hav
e af
fect
ed o
ur
ever
yd
ay l
ives
(i.
e.,
Vel
cro, sm
oke
det
ecto
rs,
cord
less
tools
).
Big
Id
eas
The
use
of
model
ing t
o d
emonst
rate
Ear
th, S
un a
nd M
oon m
ovem
ents
cre
atin
g M
oon p
has
es,
Day/n
ight,
sea
sons
and t
he
amo
unt
of
conce
ntr
ated
en
erg
y i
n p
arti
cula
r lo
cati
ons
around
the
Ear
th.
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
pat
tern
s in
Moon p
has
es, S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t an
d t
ides
wit
h t
he
use
of
dai
ly d
ata
coll
ecti
on o
f th
is i
nfo
rmat
ion
from
the
inte
rnet
.
Stu
den
ts o
bse
rve
the
cycl
e of
Moon p
has
es a
nd S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t th
rou
gh
out
the
unit
and r
ecord
th
is i
nfo
rmat
ion i
n j
ourn
als.
The
use
of
scie
nti
fic
inves
tigat
ions
allo
ws
studen
ts t
o e
xpla
in t
he
cause
s of
seas
ons
on E
arth
and i
nfl
uen
ce o
f gra
vit
y o
n w
eight
and
H - 209
001481
Pa
ge 8
of
25
jum
p h
eight
on d
iffe
rent
pla
net
s.
Inte
ract
ions
bet
wee
n t
he
Sun, M
oon a
nd E
arth
are
obse
rved
thro
ugh p
hen
om
ena
such
as
tides
, se
aso
ns,
Moon p
has
es, day/n
ight
and
ecli
pse
s.
Gre
at a
dv
ance
s in
info
rmat
ion a
bout
Sola
r S
yst
em o
bje
cts
hav
e bee
n o
bta
ined
thro
ugh t
he
use
of
scie
nce
and t
echnolo
gy.
Un
it E
nd
uri
ng U
nd
erst
an
din
gs
Stu
den
ts w
ill
un
der
stan
d t
hat…
Enduri
ng U
nd
erst
andin
g:
Obse
rvab
le, p
redic
table
pat
tern
s of
movem
ent
in t
he
Sun, E
arth
, an
d M
oo
n s
yst
em o
ccur
bec
ause
of
gra
vit
atio
nal
inte
ract
ion a
nd e
ner
gy f
rom
the
Sun.
Enduri
ng U
nder
stan
din
g:
Most
obje
cts
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em o
rbit
the
Sun a
nd h
ave
dis
tinct
ive
ph
ysi
cal
char
acte
rist
ics
and o
rder
ly
moti
on
Enduri
ng U
nd
erst
andin
g:
Tec
hnolo
gy e
xpan
ds
our
know
ledge
of
the
Sola
r S
yst
em
Un
it E
ssen
tial
Qu
esti
on
(s)
Wh
at p
redic
table
, obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
occ
ur
as a
res
ult
of
the
inte
ract
ion b
etw
een t
he
Ear
th, M
oon, an
d S
un? W
hat
cau
ses
thes
e
pat
tern
s?
Ho
w d
oes
Ear
th’s
ph
ysi
cal
char
acte
rist
ics
and m
oti
on c
om
par
e to
oth
er b
od
ies
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em?
Ho
w h
as t
echnolo
gy e
xpan
ded
our
know
led
ge
of
the
Sola
r S
yst
em?
Kn
ow
led
ge
& S
kil
ls
Stu
den
ts w
ill
kn
ow
….
Reg
ula
r pat
tern
s ar
e obse
rved
in S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t
The
len
gth
of
day i
ncr
ease
s dai
ly f
rom
win
ter
to s
um
mer
and d
ecre
ases
dai
ly f
rom
sum
mer
to w
inte
r
Ther
e is
evid
ence
that
su
pport
s th
e E
arth
is
round
H - 210
001482
Pa
ge 9
of
25
The
Sola
r sy
stem
consi
sts
of
com
ets,
ast
eroid
s, p
lanet
s, a
nd t
hei
r re
spec
tive
sate
llit
es, m
ost
of
whic
h o
rbit
the
Sun o
n a
pla
ne
call
ed t
he
Ecl
ipti
c
Pla
net
s ca
n b
e ca
tegori
zed a
s in
ner
or
oute
r pla
net
s ac
cord
ing t
o d
ensi
ty, dia
met
er, an
d s
urf
ace
feat
ure
s.
Tec
hnolo
gy u
sed i
n s
pac
e ex
plo
rati
on e
xpan
ds
our
know
led
ge
of
the
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd U
niv
erse
.
Un
der
stan
d t
her
e is
much
ex
per
imen
tal
and
obse
rvat
ional
evid
ence
th
at s
upp
ort
s a
larg
e bod
y o
f kn
ow
ledge
that
is
use
d t
o f
orm
expla
nat
ions
bas
ed o
n a
ccura
te a
nd l
ogic
al a
nal
ysi
s of
evid
ence
.
Un
der
stan
d t
hat
ev
aluat
ing t
he
expla
nat
ions
pro
pose
d b
y o
ther
involv
es e
xam
inin
g a
nd c
om
par
ing e
vid
ence
.
Mo
del
ing i
s an
eff
ecti
ve
tool
to r
epre
sent
real
obje
cts
in s
pac
e.
A p
erso
n’s
spec
ific
loca
tion c
an b
e d
escr
ibed
in m
any w
ays,
dep
endin
g o
n t
he
fram
e of
refe
rence
.
The
attr
acti
ve
forc
e of
gra
vit
y i
s al
ways
pre
sent,
but
only
noti
ceab
le w
hen
lar
ge
obje
cts
such
as
pla
net
s ar
e in
volv
ed,
and a
cts
wit
hout
conta
ct b
etw
een t
he
obje
cts.
The
forc
e of
gra
vit
y b
etw
een t
wo o
bje
cts
dep
ends
upon t
hei
r m
asse
s an
d t
he
dis
tan
ce b
etw
een t
hem
Sin
ce e
ach p
lanet
in o
ur
sola
r sy
stem
has
a d
iffe
rent
mas
s, e
ach h
as i
ts o
wn
uniq
ue
gra
vit
atio
nal
forc
e on o
ther
obje
cts.
The
Sun i
s th
e gra
vit
atio
nal
ly d
om
inan
t obje
ct i
n o
ur
sola
r sy
stem
.
Gra
vit
y h
as a
n i
nfl
uen
ce o
n o
bse
rvab
le p
hen
om
ena
such
as
tides
, pla
net
ary o
rbit
s an
d o
ur
ow
n a
bil
ity t
o m
ove
and f
unct
ion o
n
Ear
th.
Tid
es a
re c
ause
d b
y g
ravit
atio
nal
inte
ract
ions
of
the
Sun, M
oon a
nd E
arth
.
Ther
e is
a c
orr
elat
ion b
etw
een t
he
ph
ase
of
the
Moon a
nd h
eight
of
the
tide.
The
dai
ly r
ota
tion a
nd y
earl
y r
evolu
tion o
f th
e S
un, E
arth
and M
oon c
ause
reg
ula
r p
atte
rns
(day/n
ight,
sea
sons,
ph
ases
, ec
lipse
s
H - 211
001483
Pa
ge 1
0 o
f 25
etc.
)
Day a
nd n
ight
is t
he
pro
duct
of
the
spin
nin
g E
arth
.
The
Ear
th r
ota
tes
from
wes
t to
eas
t.
The
var
yin
g t
ilte
d p
osi
tions
of
Ear
th c
reat
e ar
eas
whic
h r
ecei
ve
more
conce
ntr
ated
and p
rolo
nged
Sunli
ght
in t
hei
r su
mm
er
mo
nth
s.
The
angle
of
inso
lati
on d
eter
min
es t
he
amount
of
conce
ntr
ated
rad
iant
ener
gy a
n a
rea
rece
ives
fro
m t
he
Sun. B
y d
ecre
asin
g t
he
angle
of
inso
lati
on, th
ere
is a
corr
espondin
g d
ecre
ase
in t
he
amount
of
ener
gy i
n a
giv
en a
rea.
The
Moon i
s a
sate
llit
e o
f th
e E
arth
and e
xper
ience
s phas
es w
hic
h a
re c
ause
d b
y t
he
chan
gin
g r
elat
ive
posi
tions
of
the
Moon,
Ear
th, an
d S
un.
The
Moon i
s dif
fere
nt
fro
m t
he
Ear
th i
n s
ize,
atm
osp
her
e, g
ravit
y a
nd s
urf
ace
feat
ure
s.
Ther
e ar
e m
any p
eople
and t
echnolo
gie
s th
at h
ave
led t
o o
ur
curr
ent
un
der
stan
din
gs
of
spac
e.
Spin
-off
s fr
om
spac
e hav
e pro
vid
ed m
any b
enef
its
to u
s on E
arth
.
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
ab
le t
o…
Des
crib
e ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e his
tori
call
y c
onfi
rmed
that
the
Ear
th i
s ro
und,
not
flat
.
An
alyze
dat
a on s
unri
se a
nd s
unse
t ti
mes
(in
ter
ms
of
length
of
dayli
ght)
and d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s. E
xpla
in t
he
reas
on f
or
the
pat
tern
s b
y u
sing m
odel
s or
com
pute
r si
mula
tions
of
the
Ear
th a
nd S
un.
Usi
ng i
nte
rnet
, new
spap
er, an
d a
ctu
al o
bse
rvat
ions
of
the
nig
ht
sky f
or
at l
east
tw
o m
onth
s, c
oll
ect
dat
a on t
he
Moon’s
appea
rance
, an
d m
oonri
se a
nd m
oonse
t ti
mes
. A
nal
yze
the
dat
a to
des
crib
e th
e obse
rvab
le p
atte
rns
(phas
es).
Ex
pla
in w
hy t
he
Mo
on’s
appea
rance
ch
anges
in a
rep
eati
ng c
ycl
ical
pat
tern
.
Use
model
s to
des
crib
e h
ow
the
rela
tive
posi
tions
of
the
Sun,
Moon, an
d E
arth
acc
ount
for
Moon p
has
es, ec
lipse
s, a
nd t
ides
.
Des
crib
e ho
w t
he
rela
tive
posi
tions
of
the
Ear
th,
Moon a
nd S
un c
an c
ause
hig
h a
nd l
ow
tid
es, an
d u
nusu
ally
hig
h o
r lo
w t
ides
H - 212
001484
Pa
ge 1
1 o
f 25
Dem
onst
rate
an u
nd
erst
andin
g o
f th
e co
mponen
ts o
f our
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd t
hei
r ch
arac
teri
stic
s, i
ncl
udin
g t
he
Moon, th
e S
un,
the
pla
net
s an
d t
hei
r m
oo
ns,
ex
tra-
sola
r pla
net
s, a
nd s
mal
ler
obje
cts
such
as
aste
roid
s an
d c
om
ets.
Const
ruct
sca
le m
odel
s o
f th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em i
n o
rder
to d
escr
ibe
the
rela
tive
size
s of
pla
net
s an
d t
hei
r dis
tance
s fr
om
the
Sun.
Use
a v
arie
ty o
f re
sourc
es (
e.g., N
AS
A p
hoto
gra
phs,
com
pute
r si
mula
tions)
to c
om
par
e an
d c
ontr
ast
the
ph
ysi
cal
pro
per
ties
(i.e
., t
emper
ature
, si
ze, co
mpo
siti
on, su
rfac
e fe
atu
res)
of
pla
net
s.
Dem
onst
rate
an u
nd
erst
andin
g o
f th
e m
oti
on o
f th
e bodie
s in
our
Sola
r S
yst
em. U
se m
odel
s, c
har
ts,
illu
stra
tions,
and o
ther
suit
able
rep
rese
nta
tions
to p
redic
t an
d d
escr
ibe
regula
r p
atte
rns
of
moti
on f
or
most
obje
cts
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em.
Ex
pla
in h
ow
the
Sun i
s th
e ce
ntr
al a
nd l
arges
t bod
y i
n o
ur
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd t
he
sourc
e o
f th
e li
ght
ener
gy t
hat
hit
s our
pla
net
.
Use
model
s to
ex
pla
in h
ow
var
iati
ons
in t
he
amou
nt
of
Sun’s
ener
gy h
itti
ng t
he
Ear
th’s
surf
ace
resu
lts
in s
easo
ns.
Rec
ogniz
e th
at t
he
forc
e of
gra
vit
y k
eeps
pla
net
s in
orb
it a
round t
he
sun a
nd i
nfl
uen
ces
obje
cts
on E
arth
and o
ther
pla
net
s (i
.e.,
tides
, ab
ilit
y o
f hum
ans
to m
ove
and f
unct
ion).
Dif
fere
nti
ate
bet
wee
n a
n o
bje
ct’s
mas
s an
d w
eight
Des
crib
e ho
w s
cien
tist
s hav
e ac
quir
ed k
now
led
ge
about
com
ponen
ts o
f our
Sola
r S
yst
em
. R
eco
gniz
e th
e im
port
ance
of
peo
ple
and t
echnolo
gie
s th
at h
ave
led t
o o
ur
curr
ent
under
stan
din
g o
f sp
ace.
Rec
ogniz
e th
at s
pin
-off
s ar
e p
rodu
cts
whic
h h
ave
under
gone
a te
chnolo
gy t
ransf
er p
roce
ss f
rom
res
earc
h t
o p
ubli
c use
.
Res
earc
h a
nd r
eport
on s
pin
-off
s fr
om
the
spac
e p
rogra
m t
hat
hav
e af
fect
ed o
ur
ever
yd
ay l
ives
(i.
e.,
Vel
cro, sm
oke
det
ecto
rs,
cord
less
tools
).
Sta
ge
2:
Ass
essm
ent
Evid
ence
(D
esig
n A
ssess
men
ts T
o G
uid
e In
stru
ctio
n)
Su
gges
ted
Perf
orm
an
ce T
ask
(s)
Th
e P
lan
etary
Syst
em
s u
nit
has
a s
um
mati
ve
ass
essm
ent
con
sist
ing o
f 9 q
ues
tion
s co
ver
ing t
he
foll
ow
ing i
tem
s….
Th
e m
oti
on
of
the
Eart
h, M
oon
, an
d s
un
in
Sp
ace
(d
ay/n
igh
t, s
easo
ns,
ph
ase
s)
Th
e ef
fect
s of
gra
vit
ati
on
al
infl
uen
ces
on
ph
enom
ena s
uch
as
tid
es a
nd
pla
net
orb
its.
Rel
ati
ve
posi
tion
s, m
ov
em
ent
an
d t
he
use
of
Mod
els
to d
emon
stra
te t
he
rela
tion
ship
s of
pla
net
ary
syst
em
s.
New
tec
hn
olo
gie
s an
d h
ow
th
ey h
ave
ad
ded
to o
ur
kn
ow
led
ge
of
space
su
ch a
s sp
ace
pro
bes
, sa
tell
ites
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
ass
ess/
def
au
lt.s
htm
l fo
r su
mm
ati
ve
ass
essm
ent
H - 213
001485
Pa
ge 1
2 o
f 25
Ru
bri
cs/c
hec
kli
sts
for
Per
form
an
ce T
ask
s
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
ass
ess/
def
au
lt.s
htm
l fo
r ru
bri
cs f
or
sum
mat
ive
asse
ssm
ent
Oth
er E
vid
ence
The
Sk
y L
og a
nd s
ky l
og q
ues
tions
wil
l be
coll
ecte
d a
t th
e en
d o
f ea
ch 4
wee
ks
and a
gra
de
wil
l be
giv
en f
or
com
ple
tion o
f th
e dat
a an
d
anal
ysi
s o
f th
e dat
a.
Stu
den
ts m
ay b
e giv
en t
he
Apply
ing w
hat
you L
earn
ed a
s a
gra
ded
act
ivit
y f
or
the
acti
vit
ies
in t
he
unit
. S
om
e m
ay r
equir
e m
ore
tim
e
and e
ffo
rt t
han
oth
ers
to c
om
ple
te.
Dat
a ta
ble
s, g
raphs
and a
nal
ysi
s of
dat
a w
ill
be
gra
ded
for
Act
ivit
y 7
: G
rav
ity.
Act
ivit
y 1
0:
Stu
den
ts w
ill
conduct
an i
nves
tigat
ion, co
llec
t an
d a
nal
yze
dat
a on S
easo
ns
as a
n a
sses
smen
t.
Act
ivit
y 1
1:
Stu
den
ts c
om
ple
te t
he
Lig
ht
Conce
ntr
atio
n a
nd S
easo
ns
acti
vit
y a
nd u
se b
oth
gra
phin
g a
nd m
odel
ing u
sin
g c
lay t
o
dem
onst
rate
the
ener
gy c
once
ntr
atio
n i
n d
iffe
rent
loca
tions
on E
arth
.
Quiz
zes
and o
r fo
rmat
ive
asse
ssm
ents
wil
l be
giv
en a
fter
maj
or
topic
s su
ch a
s S
easo
ns,
Mo
on p
has
es a
nd e
clip
ses,
tid
es a
nd d
ay/n
ight.
A p
roje
ct w
ill
be
com
ple
ted f
or
Act
ivit
y 1
4 i
ncl
udin
g r
esea
rchin
g a
sci
enti
st, te
chnolo
gy u
sed i
n t
he
spac
e pro
gra
m a
nd s
pin
off
fro
m
spac
e. S
tuden
ts w
ill
com
ple
te b
oth
and w
ritt
en a
nd o
ral
pre
senta
tion o
f th
is m
ater
ial
for
a gra
de.
A p
age
wit
h i
nfo
rmat
ion a
nd
a p
ictu
re
wil
l be
pla
ced o
n a
tim
e li
ne
gen
erat
ed a
round t
he
room
show
ing w
hat
tim
e per
iod
the
scie
nti
st a
nd t
echnolo
gy o
ccurr
ed. T
he
spin
off
s
wil
l be
bri
efly
des
crib
ed b
y t
he
studen
ts a
nd p
rese
nte
d o
rall
y.
Short
form
ativ
e as
sess
men
ts w
ill
be
giv
en t
hro
ugh
out
the
unit
tes
ting i
mport
ant
conce
pts
and i
nfo
rmat
ion c
riti
cal
to t
he
unders
tandin
g
of
the
unit
. T
hes
e sh
ort
ass
essm
ents
may
be
in t
he
form
of
star
t ups,
war
m u
ps,
journ
al q
ues
tions
or
anoth
er f
orm
that
suit
s th
e
clas
sroom
tea
cher
’s n
eed
s.
Stu
den
t S
elf-
Ass
essm
ent
an
d R
efle
ctio
n
H - 214
001486
Pa
ge 1
3 o
f 25
Stu
den
ts k
eep a
dai
ly j
ourn
al r
ecord
ing M
oonri
se a
nd M
oo
nse
t, M
oon p
has
e, S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t, a
nd t
ide
dat
a. T
he
journ
al w
ill
also
be
use
d t
o r
ecord
dat
a fr
om
lab
act
ivit
ies,
tak
e note
s an
d d
raw
and l
abel
posi
tions
of
the
Sun, M
oon a
nd E
arth
duri
ng v
ario
us
seas
ons,
Moon p
has
es a
nd e
clip
ses.
A p
re t
est
wil
l be
giv
en p
rior
to b
egin
nin
g t
he
unit
. T
his
wil
l be
a te
st w
ith f
our
ques
tions
incl
udin
g t
he
foll
ow
ing:
1
. W
hat
cau
ses
Moon p
has
es? U
se a
dra
win
g t
o h
elp e
xpla
in y
our
resp
onse
.
1.
What
cau
ses
the
Sea
sons?
Use
a d
raw
ing t
o h
elp e
xpla
in y
our
resp
onse
.
2.
What
cau
ses
day a
nd n
ight?
3.
What
are
the
effe
cts
of
gra
vit
y i
n o
ur
Sola
r sy
stem
?
Stu
den
ts w
ill
be
giv
en a
post
tes
t. T
his
is
from
htt
p:/
/ww
w.d
oe.
k12.d
e.u
s/p
rogra
ms/
sci_
ass
ess/
def
au
lt.s
htm
l
Sta
ge
3:
Lea
rnin
g P
lan
(D
esig
n L
earn
ing
Act
ivit
ies
To
Ali
gn
wit
h G
oa
ls a
nd
Ass
essm
en
ts)
Key
lea
rnin
g e
ven
ts n
eed
ed t
o a
chie
ve
un
it g
oa
ls
Res
ou
rce:
Del
aw
are
Dep
art
men
t of
Ed
uca
tion
Pla
net
ary
Syst
em
s: A
Un
it f
or
Eig
hth
Gra
de
(2007)
Th
e R
egen
ts o
f th
e U
niv
ersi
ty o
f C
ali
forn
ia. F
OS
S P
lan
etary
Sci
ence
.
Act
ivit
y 1
: R
evie
w o
f K
-5 A
stro
no
my
The
pla
net
ary s
yst
ems
un
it b
egin
s w
ith a
rev
iew
of
what
kid
s hav
e pre
vio
usl
y l
earn
ed i
n g
rades
k-5
about
what
’s i
n t
he
sky. T
he
acti
vit
y i
s
bas
ed o
n t
he
actu
al s
tand
ards
for
k-5
. M
isco
nce
pti
ons
or
lack
of
und
erst
and
ing o
f var
ious
k-5
pla
net
ary s
tandar
ds
wil
l be
add
ress
ed.
Act
ivit
y 2
: S
ky L
og
an
d T
ide
Log
This
act
ivit
y i
s on
ly r
elev
ant
afte
r d
ata
has
bee
n c
oll
ecte
d f
or
a per
iod o
f a
month
or
more
. It
is
wis
e to
sta
rt d
ata
coll
ecti
on p
rior
to
beg
innin
g t
his
unit
. T
his
dat
a is
kep
t b
y b
oth
the
teac
her
and s
tuden
ts i
n t
hei
r note
books
and p
ost
ed i
n t
he
clas
sroom
for
refe
rence
. T
he
dat
a
may
be
suppli
ed b
y t
he
teac
her
or
rese
arch
ed o
n t
he
inte
rnet
. D
ata
coll
ecte
d f
or
the
Sk
y L
og a
nd T
ide
Lo
g w
ill
be
use
d i
n a
ctiv
itie
s
thro
ughout
the
unit
to i
den
tify
pat
tern
s cr
eate
d b
y t
he
movem
ent
of
the
Ear
th, S
un a
nd M
oon.
Act
ivit
y 3
: R
ou
nd
Eart
h/F
lat
Eart
h
This
act
ivit
y r
ein
forc
es t
he
idea
that
we
live
on a
round E
arth
. R
esea
rch s
how
s th
at
by t
he
tim
e th
at k
ids
reac
h t
he
8th
gra
de,
in a
whole
var
iety
of
cult
ure
s; k
ids
hav
e a
reas
on
ably
corr
ect
vie
w o
f w
hat
the
Ear
th i
s li
ke.
Rou
nd E
arth
/Fla
t E
arth
is
des
ign
ed t
o s
oli
dif
y t
his
H - 215
001487
Pa
ge 1
4 o
f 25
conce
pti
on f
or
those
who
alr
ead
y h
ave
it a
nd t
o i
ncu
lcat
e it
for
those
stu
den
ts w
ho d
on’t
. T
his
act
ivit
y e
nab
les
studen
ts t
o u
nder
stan
d w
hy
shad
ow
len
gth
var
ies
aro
und t
he
worl
d a
t an
y p
arti
cula
r ti
me
due
to t
he
angle
of
the
Sun i
n t
he
sky a
t a
par
ticu
lar
tim
e of
day.
For
exam
ple
,
on t
he
firs
t day o
f S
um
mer
, th
e S
un w
ould
be
dir
ectl
y o
ver
hea
d a
t th
e T
rop
ic o
f C
ance
r an
d m
uch
lo
wer
in t
he
sky i
n t
he
South
ern
hem
ispher
e ar
ound n
oon.
Act
ivit
y 4
: Is
Plu
to a
Pla
net
?
Wit
h a
ll t
he
rece
nt
chan
ges
in c
lass
ifyin
g P
luto
as
a pla
net
, th
is a
ctiv
ity w
as a
dded
to p
rovid
e st
uden
ts a
chan
ce t
o r
eali
ze t
hat
our
scie
nti
fic
pic
ture
of
the
Univ
erse
is
both
sta
ble
and c
han
gin
g. S
tuden
ts s
hould
under
stan
d t
hat
the
bas
is f
or
mak
ing t
hes
e ch
anges
are
rat
ional
,
reas
oned
dis
cuss
ions
among d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
sts.
Stu
den
ts l
ook a
t th
e ar
gum
ents
po
sed
by d
iffe
rent
scie
nti
sts
and r
eco
gniz
e th
at s
om
e of
argum
ents
are
bet
ter
than
oth
ers.
T
he
deb
ate
over
kee
pin
g P
luto
as
one
of
our
nin
e pla
net
s (A
ctiv
ity 4
) re
info
rces
how
sci
enti
sts
hav
e
acquir
ed k
no
wle
dge
abo
ut
our
Sola
r S
yst
em a
nd h
ow
this
know
ledge
can
be
use
d t
o r
ecla
ssif
y S
ola
r S
yst
em o
bje
cts.
Stu
den
ts g
et a
chan
ce
to d
efen
d t
hei
r opin
ions
afte
r re
sear
chin
g t
he
avai
lable
info
rmat
ion o
n t
his
topic
.
Act
ivit
y 5
: S
cale
Mod
els
of
ou
r S
ola
r S
yst
em
This
act
ivit
y p
rovid
es t
he
studen
ts w
ith a
model
to d
emonst
rate
the
dis
tance
and s
ize
rela
tionsh
ips
bet
wee
n o
ur
Sola
r S
yst
em p
lanet
s,
Ear
th’s
Moon, an
d t
he
Sun. S
tuden
ts r
eco
gniz
e how
lar
ge
the
Sola
r S
yst
em i
s an
d h
ow
sm
all
the
Ear
th i
s in
this
syst
em. T
he
enorm
ous
dis
tance
s bet
wee
n t
he
inner
and o
ute
r pla
net
s ar
e ef
fect
ivel
y s
how
n w
ith t
his
sca
le m
odel
. It
is
import
ant
to f
ind a
n a
ppro
pri
ate
pla
ce t
o s
et
up t
he
scal
e m
odel
. It
may
be
imposs
ible
to p
lace
all
the
oute
r pla
net
s on y
our
scal
e m
odel
du
e to
avai
lable
open
spac
e an
d s
afet
y f
acto
rs f
or
the
studen
ts. (i
.e., c
ross
ing r
oad
s et
c.)
Act
ivit
y 6
: W
here
Am
I?
Peo
ple
hav
e bee
n a
skin
g w
her
e ar
e w
e fo
r as
lon
g a
s th
ey c
ould
tal
k-t
hat
is,
for
the
pas
t si
xty
thousa
nd y
ears
or
so. T
hey l
ook
ed u
p f
rom
cam
pfi
res,
saw
the
sky l
itte
red w
ith t
housa
nds
of
star
s an
d w
ith o
ne
obje
ct, a
Moon, w
hic
h l
ook
ed q
uit
e dif
fere
nt,
and w
onder
ed h
ow
it
all
fit
toget
her
. C
ult
ure
s dif
fere
d, but
the
earl
y a
nsw
er w
as t
hat
the
star
s w
ere
litt
le l
ights
that
wer
e lo
cate
d a
few
hundre
d m
iles
aw
ay.
Chil
dre
n t
oo, hav
e an
incr
easi
ngly
ex
pan
sive
vie
w o
f th
eir
univ
erse
as
they g
row
up. W
hen
they a
re b
orn
, bab
ies
live
in a
univ
erse
that
is
usu
ally
ver
y s
mal
l, b
ounded
by a
house
, a
crib
, or
a st
roll
er. A
s kid
s get
old
er, th
eir
univ
erse
ex
pan
ds
to i
ncl
ude
shoppin
g m
alls
, cl
assr
oom
s,
rela
tive
and f
rien
d’s
hom
es a
nd m
uch
more
. S
om
e ei
ghth
gra
der
s h
ave
not
left
the
stat
e to
see
oth
er p
arts
of
the
countr
y.
This
unit
ex
pan
ds
a kid
’s v
iew
of
the
Univ
erse
far
bey
ond t
he
boundar
ies
of
Del
awar
e. S
tuden
ts w
rite
a g
alac
tic
addre
ss, obse
rve
thei
r
school
from
a b
irds
eye
vie
w a
t var
ious
elev
atio
ns
and i
nves
tigat
e how
our
sola
r sy
stem
rel
ates
to t
he
enti
re u
niv
erse
. O
ther
mid
dle
sch
ool
unit
s al
so h
elp d
evel
op a
n e
xpan
din
g s
ense
of
pla
ce. T
he
ecosy
stem
s unit
sta
rts
wit
h s
ampli
ng t
he
schooly
ard,
expan
ds
to t
he
Gal
apag
os
Isla
nds,
and e
nds
wit
h a
stu
dy o
f th
e ho
rses
hoe
crab
s in
the
Del
awar
e B
ay.
Ear
th’
His
tory
ex
pan
ds
our
kid
’s l
andsc
apes
to i
ncl
ude
the
Gra
nd
Can
yon. T
he
Wat
ersh
eds
unit
dev
elops
a re
al s
ense
of
pla
ce o
f th
e st
ate
and
reg
ion. T
he
wea
ther
unit
in e
ighth
gra
de
rein
forc
es a
sen
se o
f
pla
ce a
s st
uden
ts t
hin
k a
bout
the
way t
hat
air
mas
ses
and s
torm
s m
ove
acro
ss t
he
U.S
.A. an
d c
om
e h
ere
from
oth
er p
lace
s. W
e als
o e
xplo
re
tem
per
ature
an
d c
lim
ate
at d
iffe
rent
loca
tions
aro
und t
he
worl
d a
nd f
ind t
hes
e pla
ces
on m
aps
in t
he
clas
sroom
.
H - 216
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Pa
ge 1
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Act
ivit
y 7
: G
ravit
y:
Th
e In
vis
ible
Forc
e
Thin
k a
bout
lookin
g a
t th
e M
oon s
om
e nig
ht
that
it
is c
lear
. T
his
hu
ge
spher
e st
ays
up i
n t
he
sky, ap
par
entl
y s
usp
ended
in s
pac
e. B
ut
you a
re
not
susp
ended
in s
pac
e. Y
ou a
re s
itti
ng i
n a
chai
r or
stan
din
g o
n t
he
gro
un
d. G
ravit
y i
s pu
llin
g y
ou d
ow
n t
ow
ards
the
cente
r of
the
Ear
th.
How
is
it t
hat
the
Moon d
oes
n’t
fal
l to
war
ds
the
cente
r of
the
Ear
th t
oo?
If y
ou w
ere
lookin
g a
t th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em f
rom
a d
ista
nce
, you c
ould
ask
th
e sa
me
ques
tion. H
ow
is
it t
hat
the
pla
net
s st
ay i
n t
hei
r orb
its,
day
afte
r d
ay,
yea
r af
ter
yea
r, m
ille
nniu
m a
fter
mil
lenniu
m? T
his
is
an i
mport
ant
ques
tion f
or
the
exis
tence
of
life
on E
arth
. If
ou
r pla
net
wer
e to
wan
der
aro
und t
he
Sun i
n s
om
e ra
ndom
pat
h,
goin
g c
lose
to t
he
Sun o
ne
yea
r an
d f
ar a
way f
rom
it
the
nex
t, i
t w
ould
suff
er f
rom
gre
at h
eat
and g
reat
cold
, an
d l
ife
would
be
imposs
ible
to s
ust
ain.
It i
s gra
vit
y t
hat
kee
ps
the
Sola
r S
yst
em o
n t
rack
and t
oget
her
. E
ver
y o
rbit
ing o
bje
ct b
alan
ces
moti
on a
gai
nst
gra
vit
y a
nd e
nd
s up i
n a
hig
hly
pre
dic
table
orb
it. F
or
alm
ost
all
obje
cts
in t
he
Sola
r S
yst
em, th
e orb
its
are
ver
y c
lose
to b
ein
g p
erfe
ct c
ircl
es. H
isto
rica
lly, our
under
stan
din
g
of
gra
vit
y w
as a
ctual
ly p
roduce
d b
y t
he
nee
d t
o u
nder
stan
d h
ow
the
Sola
r S
yst
em w
ork
ed.
Act
ivit
y 8
: T
ides
The
coll
ecti
on o
f ti
de
dat
a pri
or
to t
his
les
son i
s cr
itic
al. S
tuden
ts w
ill
be
able
to f
ind r
elat
ionsh
ips
bet
wee
n t
ide
hei
ght
and M
oon p
has
es.
The
infl
uen
ce o
f gra
vit
y f
rom
the
Moon a
nd h
ow
it
infl
uen
ces
tides
is
addre
ssed
in t
his
act
ivit
y.
By o
bse
rvin
g S
unri
se/s
et d
ata
and
Moonri
se/s
et d
ata,
the
stro
ng i
nfl
uen
ce o
f th
e M
oon’s
gra
vit
y o
n t
he
wat
er l
evel
her
e on E
arth
, is
ex
pla
ined
usi
ng t
his
dat
a.
The
tides
, w
hic
h a
re r
elat
ed t
o t
he
chan
gin
g p
has
es o
f th
e M
oon, hav
e an
im
port
ant
connec
tion
to
the
trea
tmen
t of
ho
rses
ho
e cr
abs
in t
he
eighth
gra
de
ecosy
stem
s unit
. Y
ou m
ay r
ecal
l th
at t
he
whole
rep
roduct
ive
cycl
e of
hors
esho
e cr
abs
is d
riven
by t
he
tides
. T
he c
rabs
com
e up
to t
he
bea
ches
in s
outh
ern D
elaw
are
on t
he
stro
ng t
ides
, te
chnic
ally
the
spri
ng t
ides
, in
May a
nd J
une;
thus,
ther
e ar
e only
a f
ew d
ays
duri
ng
the
yea
r w
hen
the
crab
s co
me
on t
o t
he
bea
ch.
An u
nder
stan
din
g o
f th
e li
fe c
ycl
e of
the
crab
s re
ally
req
uir
es a
n u
nd
erst
andin
g o
f how
the
gra
vit
atio
nal
forc
es o
f th
e M
oon a
nd S
un w
ork
to
get
her
in o
rder
to p
roduce
thes
e sp
rin
g, or
stro
ng t
ides
.
Act
ivit
y 9
: D
ay a
nd
Nig
ht
The
use
of
model
s in
this
unit
all
ow
stu
den
ts t
o m
odel
the
posi
tions
of
the
Ear
th, S
un a
nd M
oon t
o d
emonst
rate
wh
y w
e hav
e day a
nd n
ight
on t
he
Ear
th a
nd M
oon.
We
can a
lso u
se t
he
mod
els
to d
emonst
rate
the
len
gth
of
day a
nd n
ight.
This
conce
pt
wil
l be
furt
her
ex
plo
red i
n t
he
Sea
sons
acti
vit
ies
that
foll
ow
.
Act
ivit
y 1
0:
Sh
ad
ow
s an
d S
easo
ns
an
d A
ctiv
ity 1
1:
Lig
ht
Con
cen
trati
on
an
d t
he
Sea
son
s
The
above
two a
ctiv
itie
s dem
onst
rate
how
the
risi
ng a
nd s
etti
ng o
f th
e S
un, an
d i
ts c
han
gin
g p
ath a
cross
the
sky, m
ake
a gre
at d
eal
of
dif
fere
nce
in t
he
seas
ons.
This
chan
gin
g s
ola
r beh
avio
r, i
n l
atit
udes
sim
ilar
to D
elaw
are’
s, c
ontr
ols
the
tem
per
atu
res
in d
iffe
rent
seas
ons.
The
model
s use
d i
n t
hes
e tw
o l
esso
ns
are
clas
s te
sted
model
s th
at s
how
how
the
tilt
of
the
Ear
th’s
ax
is p
roduce
s w
arm
th i
n t
he
sum
mer
tim
e
and c
old
wea
ther
in t
he
win
tert
ime.
H - 217
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ge 1
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Act
ivit
y 1
2:
Th
e M
oon
an
d M
oon
Ph
ase
s
Sin
ce t
he
earl
iest
tim
es,
hum
ans
hav
e bee
n c
uri
ou
s ab
ou
t th
e ap
pea
ran
ce o
f th
e sk
y. T
he
risi
ng a
nd s
etti
ng o
f th
e S
un, st
ars,
and p
lanet
s
attr
acte
d g
reat
att
enti
on.
The
chan
gin
g s
hap
es o
f th
e M
oon h
ave
dra
wn t
he
inte
rest
of
arti
sts,
poet
s, p
hil
oso
pher
s, r
om
anti
cs, an
d o
ther
s. T
he
connec
tion b
etw
een t
he
phas
es o
f th
e M
oon, th
e se
asons,
and t
he
gen
eral
mak
eup o
f th
e S
ola
r S
yst
em i
s re
ally
not
that
har
d t
o u
nder
stan
d,
usi
ng t
he
right
kin
ds
of
model
s of
the
Sola
r S
yst
em. T
he
man
y k
inds
of
model
s use
d i
n t
his
act
ivit
y s
how
how
the
phas
es o
f th
e M
oon a
re
pro
duce
d b
y t
he
chan
gin
g p
osi
tions
of
the
Sun, M
oon a
nd E
arth
.
Act
ivit
y 1
3:
Ou
r S
ola
r S
yst
em
Stu
den
ts s
eem
to h
ave
an i
nte
nse
inte
rest
in t
he
char
acte
rist
ics
of
oth
er p
lan
ets.
Even
though p
eople
can
eas
ily g
o t
hro
ugh l
ife,
fin
d
sati
sfyin
g j
obs,
dev
elop s
ucc
essf
ul
rela
tionsh
ips
and f
amil
ies,
and b
ecom
e re
sponsi
ble
cit
izen
s w
ithout
know
ing w
hat
is
on t
he
surf
ace
of
Mar
s, s
tuden
ts s
till
hav
e an
inte
nse
inte
rest
in w
hat
is
out
ther
e, a
nd m
any o
f th
em w
ill
read
ily a
bso
rb i
nfo
rmat
ion a
bout
the
char
acte
rist
ics
of
the
nin
e pla
net
s in
our
Sola
r S
yst
em. T
he
pow
er p
oin
t th
at i
s av
aila
ble
, w
eb r
esourc
es a
nd N
AS
A m
ater
ials
pro
vid
e hig
h q
ual
ity t
ools
to
teac
h t
his
act
ivit
y.
Act
ivit
y 1
4:
How
do w
e k
now
wh
at
we
kn
ow
? T
imel
ine
The
closi
ng a
ctiv
ity o
f th
is u
nit
enco
ura
ges
stu
den
ts t
o e
xplo
re a
nd r
esea
rch
sci
enti
sts
and t
echnolo
gie
s use
d i
n t
he
spac
e pro
gra
m. T
hes
e
scie
nti
sts
and s
pac
e te
chnolo
gie
s w
ill
be
post
ed o
n a
tim
elin
e in
the
clas
sroom
to s
how
the
pro
gre
ssio
n o
f know
ledge
in t
he
fiel
d o
f
pla
net
ary s
cien
ces.
Addit
ional
res
earc
h i
nto
spin
off
s fr
om
sp
ace
wil
l al
so b
e co
nduct
ed t
o s
ee t
he
man
y b
enef
its
for
peo
ple
on E
arth
and
how
they
wer
e gai
ned
fro
m s
pac
e re
sear
ch.
OP
TIO
NA
L A
CT
IVIT
IES
:
Act
ivit
y 1
5, 16:
Th
e S
un
The
import
ance
of
the
Sun a
nd h
ow
the
size
of
the
Ear
th a
nd S
un c
om
par
e ar
e em
ph
asiz
ed i
n t
his
act
ivit
y.
Act
ivit
y 1
7:
Cla
ssif
yin
g P
lan
ets
Bey
on
d t
he
Su
n
This
act
ivit
y e
xplo
res
the
exis
tence
of
pla
net
s beyond o
ur
ow
n s
ola
r sy
stem
. T
hes
e ex
tra-s
ola
r pla
net
s w
ere
unkno
wn i
n 1
995. N
ow
, th
ere
are
over
150 e
xtr
a so
lar
pla
net
s. I
t is
ver
y l
ikel
y t
hat
duri
ng t
he
yea
rs t
his
book i
s in
use
, th
e num
ber
of
know
n e
xtr
a so
lar
pla
net
s w
ill
incr
ease
sig
nif
ican
tly. A
stro
nom
ers
are
just
beg
inn
ing t
o t
hin
k s
erio
usl
y a
bo
ut
what
thes
e dis
cover
ies
all
mea
n i
n t
erm
s of
our
under
stan
din
g
of
our
ow
n S
ola
r S
yst
em.
Act
ivit
y 1
8:
Esc
ap
e V
eloci
ty
This
is
a sh
ort
act
ivit
y f
ocu
sing o
n t
he
spee
d a
sp
acec
raft
much
rea
ch t
o e
scap
e th
e gra
vit
atio
nal
pull
of
dif
fere
nt
pla
net
s.
Act
ivit
y 1
9:
Rec
tifi
ed G
lob
e
H - 218
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Pa
ge 1
7 o
f 25
Dev
eloped
by H
ank B
ou
chel
le, th
is i
s a
supple
men
tal
acti
vit
y t
hat
may b
e use
d a
t var
ious
tim
es t
hro
ughout
the
yea
r duri
ng t
he
Pla
net
ary
Syst
ems
unit
or
oth
er 8
th g
rade
unit
s w
hen
dis
cuss
ing t
he
posi
tion o
f th
e S
un i
n t
he
sky a
t var
ious
tim
es o
f th
e day o
r yea
r.
Act
ivit
y 2
0:
Fro
m C
yli
nd
ers
to P
lan
et V
elo
citi
es
Stu
den
ts c
oll
ecti
vel
y m
ake
mea
sure
men
ts o
f var
iousl
y-s
ized
cyli
nder
s an
d r
ecord
th
eir
dat
a. T
his
dat
a pro
vid
es a
n o
ppo
rtunit
y f
or
a
dis
cuss
ion o
f th
e pro
cess
of
gat
her
ing i
nfo
rmat
ion s
cien
tifi
call
y a
nd t
he
reas
ons
wh
y s
cien
tist
s do s
cien
ce a
s th
ey d
o. O
nce
thes
e ques
tions
are
reso
lved
, th
e st
uden
ts u
se t
hei
r dat
a to
der
ive
a cr
ude
val
ue
of
pi,
and d
eter
min
e th
e dis
tance
s an
d v
eloci
ties
at
whic
h p
lanet
s orb
it t
he
Sun.
Act
ivit
y 2
1:
Th
e Z
od
iac
This
act
ivit
y f
urt
her
rei
nfo
rces
how
the
posi
tion o
f th
e S
un, M
oon a
nd E
arth
infl
uen
ce w
hat
we
see
in t
he
nig
ht
sky.
Pla
net
ary
Sci
ence
Su
gges
ted
Seq
uen
ce a
nd
Pa
cin
g G
uid
e
P
lan
eta
ry S
yst
em
s A
ctiv
ity N
um
ber
Su
gges
ted
Cla
ss T
ime
Act
ivit
y 1
: K
-5 S
tan
da
rd R
evie
w
1 c
lass
per
iod
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
10 m
inute
s)
Gro
up d
iscu
ssio
ns
(20 m
inute
s)
Cla
ss O
ver
vie
w o
f A
ctiv
ity (
15 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
( 5
min
ute
s)
Act
ivit
y 2
: S
ky
Lo
g D
ata
The
Sk
y l
og w
ill
be
intr
oduce
d p
rior
to t
he
star
t of
the
unit
and d
ata
wil
l be
coll
ecte
d f
or
at l
east
one
month
. T
he
actu
al a
nal
ysi
s of
the
Sk
y L
og D
ata
(A
ctiv
ity 2
) w
ill
take
pla
ce a
fter
one
month
of
dat
a is
coll
ecte
d.
Act
ivit
y 2
: In
troduct
ion (
10 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ion (
20 m
inute
s)
Cla
ss d
iscu
ssio
n (
15 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
(15
min
ute
s)
Act
ivit
y 3
: R
ou
nd
Ea
rth
/Fla
t
Ea
rth
2 c
lass
per
iod
s
Par
t 1:I
ntr
odu
ctio
n (
15 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ion (
15 m
inute
s)
Dis
cuss
ion a
nd C
D R
om
(15 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
(5 m
inute
s)
Par
t 2:
Shad
ow
s In
trodu
ctio
n a
nd s
et u
p o
f la
b w
ith s
tuden
ts (
buil
din
g s
had
ow
pole
s an
d
lati
tude
and l
ongit
ude
revie
w)
15m
inute
s
H - 219
001491
Pa
ge 1
8 o
f 25
Act
ivit
y d
ata
coll
ecti
on (
10 m
inute
s)
Rev
iew
and d
iscu
ssio
n (1
0 m
inute
s)
Apply
ing w
hat
you k
now
( 1
5 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 4
: Is
Plu
to a
Pla
net
?
2 p
erio
ds
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
10 m
inute
s)
Rea
d s
crip
t (
5 m
inute
s)
Gro
up i
nves
tigat
ion o
f re
port
s (
20 m
inute
s)
Dis
cuss
ion a
nd w
rite
bri
ef r
eport
(15 m
inute
s)
Day 2
Co
nti
nue
final
wri
ting a
nd s
har
e re
port
wit
h c
lass
. (3
5 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
and
fin
al d
iscu
ssio
n (
15 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 5
: S
cale
Mod
els
of
the
So
lar
Sy
stem
1 p
erio
d p
lus
15 m
inute
s th
e nex
t day
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
10 m
inute
s)
Conduct
Act
ivit
y o
utd
oors
(30 m
inute
s)
Ret
urn
to c
lass
and d
iscu
ss (
5 m
inute
s)
Hom
ework
: A
pply
ing w
hat
you l
earn
ed D
ay 2
: R
evie
w A
pply
ing w
hat
yo
u l
earn
ed a
nd
Inv
esti
gat
ing f
urt
her
(15
-20 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 6
: W
her
e A
m I
?
2 p
erio
ds
Par
t 1:
Map
pin
g t
he
Sch
ool
(30 m
inute
s)
Par
t 2:
Nei
ghbo
rhood a
nd C
om
munit
y
Look a
t T
eras
erver
for
your
area
and B
ret
Har
t nei
ghborh
ood (
20 m
inute
s)
Day 2
: P
art
2:
Gal
acti
c ad
dre
ss:
10 m
inute
s
Pow
er o
f T
en v
ideo
(10 m
inute
s)
Dis
cuss
ion o
f A
ctiv
ity 6
incl
udin
g A
pply
ing W
hat
you L
earn
ed a
nd I
nv
esti
gat
ing
Furt
her
: 30 m
inute
s
Act
ivit
y 7
: G
ravit
y T
he
Inv
isib
le
Fo
rce
4 c
lass
per
iod
s
Day 1
: V
ideo
: G
ravit
y:
The
Invis
ible
Forc
e
Bef
ore
Vie
win
g P
revie
w (
5 m
inute
s)
Vie
w V
ideo
(25 m
inu
tes)
Aft
er v
ideo
vie
win
g (
5 m
inute
s)
H - 220
001492
Pa
ge 1
9 o
f 25
Dis
cuss
ion Q
ues
tions
(15 m
inute
s)
Day 2
:
Fin
ish r
evie
w o
f D
iscu
ssio
n q
ues
tions
from
vid
eo (
15 m
inute
s)
How
much
you W
eigh a
t D
iffe
rent
Lo
cati
ons
Intr
oduct
ion (
5 m
inute
s)
How
much
you W
eigh a
ctiv
ity (
20 m
inute
s) i
ncl
ud
es d
iscu
ssio
n
Sum
mar
ize
Res
ult
s (1
0 m
inute
s)
Day 3
: H
ow
Does
the
Mas
s of
a P
lanet
Aff
ect
Jum
p H
eight?
In
troduct
ion
( 1
0 m
inute
s)
Conduct
act
ivit
y a
nd c
oll
ect
dat
a (1
0 m
inute
s)
Com
ple
te d
ata
table
2 a
nd f
oll
ow
up a
ctiv
itie
s (
30 m
inute
s)
Day 4
: In
troduce
Par
t D
and c
om
ple
te d
emonst
rati
on (
15 m
inute
s)
Par
t E
: A
nal
yze
dat
a an
d c
om
ple
te D
iscu
ssio
n q
ues
tions
( 15 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
and
Apply
ing w
hat
You L
earn
ed (
20 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 8
: T
ides
P
rior
to c
om
ple
ting t
his
act
ivit
y, ti
de
dat
a nee
ds
to b
e co
llec
ted f
or
at l
east
tw
o w
eeks.
This
can
be
done
the
sam
e ti
me
as t
he
sky l
og.
2 c
lass
per
iod
s
Day 1
: In
trodu
ctio
n t
o t
ides
( 1
5 m
inute
s)
Anal
yzi
ng S
ky L
og a
nd T
ide
dat
a (3
0 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
(5 m
inute
s)
Day 2
:
Apply
ing W
hat
You L
earn
ed (
50 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 9
: D
ay
an
d N
igh
t 2 p
erio
ds
Day 1
: In
troduce
Day a
nd N
ight
wit
h m
odel
ing (
20 m
inute
s)
Answ
er D
ay/N
ight
Thin
k Q
ues
tions
(30 m
inute
s)
Day 2
: D
ay a
nd N
ight
wit
h G
lobes
Rev
iew
Day/N
ight
model
ing (2
5 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
(20
min
ute
s)
This
is
opti
onal
on T
ime
Zones
Act
ivit
y 1
0:
Sh
ad
ow
s a
nd
Sea
son
s 1 p
erio
d
Intr
odu
ce A
ctiv
ity:
(10 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y a
nd Q
ues
tions
(40 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
1:
Lig
ht
Co
nce
ntr
ati
on
an
d t
he
Sea
son
s
2 p
erio
ds
Day 1
: R
evie
w a
ngle
of
inso
lati
on (
10 m
inute
s)
Com
ple
te f
lash
light
par
t of
acti
vit
y a
nd d
raw
are
as i
llum
inat
ed a
t 3 a
ngle
s (2
0 m
inute
s)
Count
squar
es a
nd c
alcu
late
per
centa
ge
of
con
centr
atio
n (
20 m
inute
s)
H - 221
001493
Pa
ge 2
0 o
f 25
Day 2
: C
lay p
ort
ion o
f la
b (
20 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ion R
efle
ctio
n a
nd A
pply
ing W
hat
You L
earn
ed (
30 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
2:
Th
e M
oo
n a
nd
Moo
n
Ph
ase
s
5 c
lass
per
iod
s
Part
A:
Bac
kgro
und o
n M
oon a
nd r
evie
w q
ues
tions
( 50 m
inute
s)
Part
B:
Mod
elin
g t
he
Moon a
nd E
arth
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
10 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
30 m
inute
s)
Sum
mar
y o
f A
ctiv
ity (
10
min
ute
s)
Part
C:A
Month
of
Phas
es I
ntr
oduct
ion (
10 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
30 m
inute
s)
Rev
iew
(10 m
inute
s)
Part
D:
Moo
n C
lock
Intr
oduct
ion (
5 m
inute
s)
Const
ruct
ion o
f M
oon C
lock
(10 m
inute
s)
Use
of
Moon C
lock
and q
ues
tions
(25 m
inute
s)
Sum
mar
y o
f A
ctiv
ity (
10 m
inute
s)
Day 5
: In
ves
tigat
ing F
urt
her
and A
pply
ing W
hat
you L
earn
ed (
40 m
inute
s)
Fin
al r
evie
w (
10 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
3:
Ou
r S
ola
r S
yst
em
Day 1
:Part
1:
Bra
inst
orm
ing (
15 m
inute
s)
Part
2:
Beg
in P
ow
erpoin
t on p
lanet
s (3
5 m
inute
s)
Day 2
: F
inis
h p
ow
erpoin
t on p
lanet
s (5
0 m
inute
s)
Day 3
: In
ves
tigat
ing F
urt
her
(15 m
inute
s)
Apply
ing W
hat
You L
earn
ed (
35 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
4:
Tim
elin
e
5 c
lass
per
iod
s
Day 1
:Part
A:
Intr
oduct
ion (
10 m
inute
s)
Han
d o
ut
one
tech
nolo
gy a
nd o
ne
per
son a
nd h
ave
studen
ts r
evie
w i
nfo
rmat
ion n
eeded
to
cover
act
ivit
y (
15 m
inute
s)
Beg
in R
esea
rch (
25 m
inute
s)
Day 2
:Part
B:
Res
earc
h i
n L
ibra
ry o
r cl
assr
oom
if
you h
ave
avai
lable
com
pute
rs (
50
min
ute
s)
Day 3
:Part
C:
1 p
erio
d:
Pre
senta
tions
by s
tuden
ts a
nd t
imel
ine
(50 m
inute
s)
Day 4
: (
Par
t C
) F
inis
h p
rese
nta
tions
and p
lace
ev
ents
on
tim
elin
e in
cla
ssro
om
( 5
0
min
ute
s)
H - 222
001494
Pa
ge 2
1 o
f 25
Day 5
: In
ves
tigat
ing F
urt
her
Spin
off
s
( 35 m
inute
s)
Apply
ing W
hat
you L
earn
ed (
15 m
inute
s)
Op
tio
na
l A
ctiv
itie
s:
Act
ivit
y 1
5/1
6:
Wh
y D
o W
e N
eed
the
Su
n
1 c
lass
per
iod
Bra
inst
orm
Wh
y W
e N
eed t
he
Sun (
15 m
inute
s)
How
Far
to t
he
Sun (
35 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
7:
Cla
ssif
yin
g P
lan
ets
Bey
on
d t
he
Su
n
1 c
lass
per
iod
Intr
odu
ctio
n:
( 15 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
30 m
inute
s)
Sum
mar
y (
5 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
8:
Esc
ap
e V
elo
city
1 c
lass
per
iod
Intr
odu
ctio
n:
( 15 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
35 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 1
9:
Rec
tifi
ed G
lob
e 1 c
lass
per
iod
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
15 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
35 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 2
0:
Cyli
nd
er A
ctiv
ity
2 c
lass
per
iod
s
Par
t A
: In
troduct
ion (
15 m
inute
s)
Fin
din
g t
he
Cir
cum
fere
nce
( 2
5 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ion R
efle
ctio
n:
(10 m
inute
s)
Par
t B
: C
ircu
mfe
rence
of
Pla
net
s, S
un a
nd M
oon I
ntr
oduct
ion (
10 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y :
( 2
0 m
inute
s)
Inv
esti
gat
ing F
urt
her
and
Apply
ing W
hat
You L
earn
ed (
20 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y 2
1:
Th
e Z
od
iac
1 c
lass
per
iod
Intr
odu
ctio
n (
15 m
inute
s)
Act
ivit
y (
35 m
inute
s)
Note
to t
each
ers:
The
above
sugges
ted t
ime
allo
wan
ces
for
the
less
ons
may v
ary d
ue
to m
any c
ircu
mst
ance
s in
sci
ence
cla
ssro
om
s. T
he
requir
ed a
ctiv
itie
s m
ay b
e ta
ught
in l
ess
than
6 w
eeks,
whic
h a
llow
s ti
me
for
the
addit
ional
enri
chin
g a
ctiv
itie
s. (
Act
ivit
ies
15
-21)
Res
ou
rces
& T
each
ing T
ips
(Co
nsi
der
the
two
quest
ions
bel
ow
wh
en c
om
ple
tin
g t
his
sec
tio
n.)
o
Wh
at
text/
pri
nt/
med
ia/k
it/w
eb r
esou
rces
bes
t su
pp
ort
th
is u
nit
?
o
Th
e re
vise
d P
lan
etary
Sys
tem
s n
ote
book i
s pro
vided
wit
h t
he
kit
tra
inin
g f
or
the
Pla
net
ary
Sys
tem
s R
evis
ed u
nit
.
H - 223
001495
Pa
ge 2
2 o
f 25
o
Tea
cher
s re
cei
ve t
he
FO
SS
Pla
net
ary
Sys
tem
s n
ote
book d
uri
ng k
it t
rain
ing t
o u
se i
n t
he
appro
pri
ate
les
son
s du
rin
g t
he
un
it.
o
It i
s als
o s
ugges
ted t
hat
teach
ers
use
fre
e N
AS
A m
ate
rials
ava
ilable
th
rou
gh
NA
SA
sit
es s
uch
as
Goddard
Space
Cen
ter
Web
sit
es
Wh
ere
Am
I l
esso
n w
eb s
ites
:
htt
p:/
/eart
h.g
oogle
.co
m
T
his
web
sit
e co
mb
ines
sate
llit
e im
ages
, m
ap
s an
d a
sea
rch
to f
ind
loca
tion
s aro
un
d t
he
worl
d. Y
ou
can
typ
e in
an
ad
dre
ss a
nd
zoom
in
to s
ee s
chools
, p
ark
s et
c. a
t d
iffe
ren
t el
evati
on
s.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.t
erra
serv
er-u
sa.c
om
/ T
his
web
sit
e all
ow
s u
sers
to t
yp
e an
ad
dre
ss i
n a
nd
get
aer
ial
vie
ws
of
thes
e lo
cati
on
s fr
om
dif
fere
nt
elev
ati
on
s.
Gen
era
l A
stro
no
my w
eb
sit
es a
nd
Pla
net
sit
es:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
asa
.gov N
asa
.gov i
s an
ou
tsta
nd
ing w
eb s
ite
that
pro
vid
es u
pd
ate
d i
nfo
rmati
on
for
stu
den
ts, ed
uca
tors
an
d m
ore,
cover
ing a
wid
e vari
ety o
f ast
ron
om
y t
op
ics.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
pace
.com
Th
is w
eb s
ite
focu
ses
att
enti
on
on
pre
sen
t, f
utu
re a
nd
past
sp
ace
mis
sion
s. I
t als
o p
rovid
es i
nfo
rmati
on
on
the
nig
ht
skie
s, p
lan
ets
vis
ible
, m
oon
ph
ase
s, t
op
sto
ries
in
sci
ence
an
d m
uch
mo
re!
htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
art
hsk
y.o
rg
Th
is w
eb s
ite
is d
evel
op
ed f
rom
in
tervie
ws
wit
h s
cien
tist
s an
d t
ries
to b
uil
d a
bri
dge
bet
wee
n s
cien
tist
s
an
d y
ou
. T
he
site
als
o p
rovid
es a
vie
w o
f th
e re
cen
t n
igh
t sk
ies,
sci
ence
top
ics
an
d w
eath
er a
nd
cli
ma
te.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
cien
ce.g
ov
T
his
web
sit
e co
ver
s a w
ide
vari
ety o
f sc
ien
ce t
op
ics
incl
ud
ing A
stro
nom
y a
nd
Sp
ace
, A
gri
cult
ure
,
En
ergy, H
ealt
h a
nd
Med
icin
e, B
iolo
gy, E
art
h S
cien
ces
an
d m
uch
mo
re.
htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
inep
lan
ets.
org
/ In
form
ati
on
ab
ou
t ea
ch p
lan
et a
nd
moon
in
ou
r so
lar
syst
em
is
focu
sed
on
th
is w
eb s
ite
wit
h
ou
tsta
nd
ing p
ictu
res.
htt
p:/
/ed
tech
.ken
nes
aw
.ed
u/w
eb/s
ola
r.h
tml
Th
is w
eb s
ite
has
info
rma
tion
on
pla
net
s, s
pace
exp
lora
tion
, ad
dit
ion
al
web
sit
es,
less
on
pla
ns
an
d m
uch
mo
re f
or
Ast
ron
om
y.
H - 224
001496
Pa
ge 2
3 o
f 25
htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
ryst
ali
nk
s.co
m/e
inst
ein
.htm
l T
his
is
a w
on
der
ful
web
sit
e to
in
ves
tigate
sci
enti
sts,
sp
ace
mis
sion
s an
d t
ech
nolo
gy .
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
ind
ow
s.u
car.
edu
/tou
r/li
nk
=/h
ead
lin
e T
his
web
site
can
be
use
d t
o i
nves
tigate
th
e p
lan
ets,
Su
n, sp
ace
mis
sion
s, s
pace
wea
ther
, sp
ace
geo
logy,
his
tory
an
d p
eop
le a
nd
mu
ch m
ore
.
Tw
o w
ebsi
tes
to r
esea
rch
tid
es:
htt
p:/
/tid
esan
dcu
rren
ts.n
oaa.g
ov/
ww
w.s
alt
wate
rtid
es.c
om
Web
sit
e fo
r S
un
rise
/Su
nse
t, M
oon
rise
/Moon
set
for
on
e yea
r
htt
p:/
/aa.u
sno.n
avy.m
il/d
ata
/docs
/RS
_O
ne
Yea
r.h
tml
htt
p:/
/ww
w.i
au
2006.o
rg/m
irro
r/w
ww
.iau
.org
/iau
0601/i
au
0601_re
solu
tion
.htm
l Web
sit
es f
or
Is P
luto
a P
lan
et
htt
p:/
/ww
w.i
au
.org
/fil
ead
min
/con
ten
t/p
dfs
/Res
olu
tion
_G
A26
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.pd
f#se
arc
h=
'IA
U%
20re
solu
tion
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lan
et%
20d
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itio
n'
htt
p:/
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w.g
ps.
calt
ech
.ed
u/~
mb
row
n/w
hats
ap
lan
et/
htt
p:/
/ww
w.t
hes
pace
rev
iew
.com
/arti
cle/
692/1
htt
p:/
/air
.noao.e
du
/cgi-
bin
/art
icle
.pl?
id=
207
Ad
dit
ion
al
web
sit
es
htt
p:/
/sci
ence
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stu
ffw
ork
s.co
m/s
pace
-sh
utt
le7.h
tm
htt
p:/
/sci
ence
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stu
ffw
ork
s.co
m/s
ate
llit
e5.h
tm
H - 225
001497
Pa
ge 2
4 o
f 25
ww
w.q
rg.n
ort
hw
este
rn.e
du/p
roje
cts/
vss
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ace
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onm
ent/
1-i
s-th
ere-
sou
nd
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ace
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l
o
Wh
at
tip
s to
tea
cher
s of
the
un
it c
an
you
off
er a
bou
t li
kel
y r
ou
gh
sp
ots
/stu
den
t m
isu
nd
erst
an
din
gs
an
d p
erfo
rman
ce
wea
kn
esse
s, a
nd
how
to t
rou
ble
sho
ot
those
iss
ues
?
o
Stu
den
ts h
ave
gre
at d
iffi
cult
y u
nd
erst
andin
g M
oon p
has
es. F
or
this
rea
son,
a var
iety
of
dif
fere
nt
met
hods
are
pro
vid
ed t
o t
each
this
dif
ficu
lt c
once
pt.
Ple
ase
use
all
the
met
hods
to r
einfo
rce
und
erst
andin
g o
f M
oon p
has
es. T
his
incl
udes
mod
elin
g M
oon p
has
es u
sing
a fl
ashli
ght,
Sty
rofo
am b
all
and g
lob
e, p
aper
fold
ing a
ctiv
itie
s, M
oon c
lock
and c
om
pute
r si
mula
tions.
Act
ual
obse
rvat
ions
of
the
Moon i
n t
he
day
and n
ight
sky a
re a
lso h
ighly
rec
om
men
ded
.
o
Stu
den
ts h
ave
dif
ficu
lty u
nder
stan
din
g t
he
seas
on
s. I
n a
ctiv
itie
s 10 a
nd 1
1,
var
ious
tech
niq
ues
are
use
d t
o s
imula
te h
ow
sea
sons
occ
ur
and w
hy t
he
ener
gy c
on
centr
atio
n v
arie
s in
dif
fere
nt
regio
ns
around t
he
worl
d. T
he
use
of
mo
del
s in
cludin
g t
he
bal
loo
n w
ith
the
gri
d s
yst
em s
how
ing e
ner
gy c
on
centr
atio
n, fl
ashli
ght
model
s an
d c
lay s
imula
ting t
he
amount
of
ener
gy c
on
centr
ated
in a
par
ticu
lar
area
, co
mpute
r si
mula
tio
ns
and d
raw
ings
all
hel
p t
o i
ncr
ease
und
erst
andin
g o
f th
is d
iffi
cult
topic
.
o
Stu
den
ts h
ave
dif
ficu
lty u
nder
stan
din
g t
he
dif
fere
nce
bet
wee
n m
ass
and w
eight.
Act
ivit
y 7
addre
sses
this
iss
ue
usi
ng d
ata
for
dif
fere
nt
pla
net
s in
cludin
g o
ur
ow
n p
lanet
and c
om
par
es h
ow
a p
erso
n’s
wei
ght
and j
um
p h
eight
var
ies
and m
asse
s of
thes
e pla
net
s.
The
infl
uen
ce o
f m
ass
and d
ista
nce
of
pla
net
s on g
ravit
atio
nal
pull
on e
ach o
ther
is
also
cover
ed i
n t
his
les
son.
Acc
om
mod
ati
on
/Dif
fere
nti
ati
on
id
eas
an
d t
ips.
The
use
of
model
ing t
hro
ughou
t th
is u
nit
pro
vid
es r
einfo
rcem
ent
of
dif
ficu
lt c
once
pts
for
stud
ents
wit
h l
earn
ing d
isab
ilit
ies.
The
FO
SS
kit
CD
RO
M h
as m
any s
imula
tions
for
seas
ons,
Moon p
has
es, S
unri
se a
nd S
unse
t, r
ound a
nd f
lat
Ear
th, S
pac
e m
issi
ons,
pla
net
fac
ts a
nd i
mag
es t
hat
can
be
use
d t
o r
einfo
rce
con
cepts
in t
he
Pla
net
ary S
cien
ce u
nit
.
H - 226
001498
Pa
ge 2
5 o
f 25
In t
he
Mak
ing s
ense
of
____________
___se
ctio
n i
n t
he
acti
vit
ies,
the
read
ing m
ater
ial
may b
e b
roken
into
sm
alle
r pie
ces
and d
iscu
ssed
wit
h s
tuden
ts, hig
hli
ght
the
most
im
po
rtan
t co
nce
pts
in c
lass
as
a gro
up o
r re
wri
te i
n a
mu
ch l
ow
er r
eadin
g l
evel
fo
r st
uden
ts w
ith
signif
ican
t re
adin
g d
isab
ilit
ies.
The
mat
h i
nvolv
ed i
n a
ctiv
itie
s 7, 8, 1
2, 18 a
nd 2
0 m
ay b
e si
mpli
fied
to h
elp s
tuden
ts w
ith l
ow
mat
h a
bil
ity.
Ex
tended
tim
e to
fin
ish a
ctiv
itie
s.
KW
L b
efo
re n
ew c
once
pts
tau
ght
in t
he
unit
Rev
iew
pre
vio
us
day’s
les
son a
nd c
on
tinuousl
y r
einfo
rce
conce
pts
fro
m t
he
unit
.
Stu
den
ts m
ay u
se g
raphic
org
aniz
ers,
map
s an
d d
iagra
ms
to e
ffec
tivel
y f
acil
itat
e dif
feri
ng l
evel
s of
cognit
ive
pro
cess
ing f
or
stud
ents
of
dif
fere
nt
abil
ity l
evel
s.
Per
mit
the
apt
studen
t to
acc
eler
ate
thei
r ra
te o
f pro
gre
ss a
nd w
ork
ind
epen
den
tly o
n s
om
e co
nte
nt.
H - 227
001499