Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Ressources naturelles Canada Service canadien des forêts Spatial Fire Management System Peter Englefield

Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service

Ressources naturelles CanadaService canadien des forêts

Spatial Fire Management SystemSpatial Fire Management System

Peter Englefield

Canadian Forest Service

Edmonton, Alberta



What is SFMS?What is SFMS?

• Fire management information Fire management information systemsystem

• GIS platform (ArcView)GIS platform (ArcView)

• Fire science models (CFFDRS)Fire science models (CFFDRS)

• Daily operationsDaily operations

• Interdependent ArcView Interdependent ArcView extensionsextensions



PurposePurpose

• Protection of life, property, valuesProtection of life, property, values

• Spatial informationSpatial information

• Fire danger monitoringFire danger monitoring

• Fire behavior predictionFire behavior prediction

• Preparedness planning Preparedness planning

• Policy setting & reviewPolicy setting & review

• Public awarenessPublic awareness



RequirementsRequirements

• Hardware - PC platformHardware - PC platform• SoftwareSoftware

- Windows 95+- Windows 95+

- ArcView 3.1+, Spatial Analyst 1.1+- ArcView 3.1+, Spatial Analyst 1.1+

• Weather dataWeather data- Weather station locations- Weather station locations

- Daily noon observations- Daily noon observations

• Spatial dataSpatial data- Elevation- Elevation

- Fuel types- Fuel types



ModulesModules

• Weather (WX)Weather (WX)

• Fire Weather Index (FWI)Fire Weather Index (FWI)

• Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP)Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP)

• Optimal Resource Allocation & Prepositioning (ORAP)Optimal Resource Allocation & Prepositioning (ORAP)

• Wildfire Threat Rating (WTR)Wildfire Threat Rating (WTR)

• Fire Occurrence Prediction (FOP)Fire Occurrence Prediction (FOP)



Database accessDatabase access

• ODBCODBC

• SQLSQL



Interpolation Options

• Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)

• Kriging

• Thin plate smoothing spline (Anusplin)



Elevation adjustmentElevation adjustment

TemperatureTemperature

1. T1. Tseasea = T = Tobsobs - gz - gz

2. Interpolate T2. Interpolate Tseasea

3. T3. Tfinalfinal = T = Tseasea + gz + gz

Relative HumidityRelative Humidity1. log(e1. log(ess) = 9.4041 - (2354 / T)) = 9.4041 - (2354 / T)

2. r = 0.622 * RH * e2. r = 0.622 * RH * ess / p / p

3. Interpolate r3. Interpolate r4. Calculate e and e4. Calculate e and ess by cell by cell

5. RH = e / e5. RH = e / ess



Interpolation MethodsInterpolation Methods

Inverse DistanceWeighting (IDW)

IDW with elevationadjustment

Anusplin



Wind field displayWind field display



Fire Weather Index Fire Weather Index Interpolation/CalculationInterpolation/Calculation

FWI

Weather Stations

Database

ODBC

SFMS

WWW

Fuel types & Elevation



Fire Weather Index System

Fire Behavior Prediction

System

Weather Topography Fuel type

...predictions of fire spread rate, fuel consumption, and fire intensity

Relative... Quantitative...

Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System



Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (FWI)System (FWI)

Fine Fuel Moisture Code

(FFMC)

Duff Moisture Code

(DMC)

DroughtCode(DC)

Initial Spread Index(ISI)

BuildupIndex(BUI)

Fire Weather Index(FWI)

FireWeatherObservations

Fuel Moisture Codes

FireBehavior Indices

TemperatureRelative humidity

Wind SpeedRain

TemperatureRelative humidity

Rain

TemperatureRain

WindSpeed



• Scheduled batch processingScheduled batch processing

• Web disseminationWeb dissemination



Regional Regional ReportingReporting



Regional ReportingRegional Reporting



Wildfire Threat RatingWildfire Threat Rating

Fire Risk Fire Behavior

Values at Risk Suppression Capability



Wildfire Threat RatingWildfire Threat Rating

Options

Add factorsR = w1f1 + w2f2 + …

Multiply factorsR = f1^w1 * f2^w2 * …

Weighted arithmetic meanW = R / (w1 + w2 + …)

Weighted geometric meanW = R ^ (1 / w1 + w2 + …)



Fire Occurrence PredictionFire Occurrence Prediction

• FOP extension completed in July 2002

• Human-caused FOP (People model)

• Lightning-caused FOP (Sparky and LCFOP models)

• Includes fire and lightning plotter utility

• Includes Wildfire Ignition Probability Prediction (WIPP)




Human-caused FiresHuman-caused Fires

Ignition models can be combined with historical fire locations to predict the probabilities of human-caused fires.



Lightning-caused FiresLightning-caused Fires

Lightning Lightning strike locations strike locations and daily fire and daily fire danger maps danger maps are used to are used to predict predict lightning-lightning-caused fires.caused fires.




Wildfire Ignition Wildfire Ignition Probability PredictionProbability Prediction

• Probability of Probability of sustained sustained ignitionignition

• Model derived Model derived from 2-minute from 2-minute test fire datatest fire data

• Calculation Calculation based on fuel based on fuel types and FWI types and FWI outputsoutputs



Fire ClimatologyFire Climatology



Wind RosesWind Roses



Fire Growth ModelingFire Growth Modeling



Thank you

http://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/

Documents

Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Ressources naturelles Canada Service canadien des forêts Spatial Fire Management System Peter Englefield