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10/10/2017
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Natural resources and environmental impact studies‐ Long‐term tasks‐ Full City incident
Hilde Dolva Langesund, 26 September 2017
Norway
• Long coastline
• Protected areas
• Extensive use of coastline and marine areas
• Offshore petroleum activities
• Increasing maritime traffic
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Oil spills – aims:
‐ Perform efficient clean‐up and implement measures to handle the spill
‐ Protect the coastline and the natural resources
‐ Prioritize according to vulnerability
‐ Perform environmental impacts studies
The governmental preparedness for acute pollution from ships shall be based on knowledge about environmental risk.
‐ prevent and limit damage
‐ the Pollution Act
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The Full City incident• Grounded 31.7.2009 at Såstein/Langesund
• Ca 300 m3 bunker oil (IFO 180) spilled
• 75 km polluted shoreline
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Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response
Resources in action, Full City incident
‐ Vessels with oil recovery equipment
‐ Surveillance, helicopters and aircraft
‐ Lots of booms
Response:
‐ at the source
‐ along the trajectory
‐ on the shoreline
Pollution incidents‐ focus on:
• Sensitive areas which areaffected/might be affected
• Type of pollution
• Oil drift and spreading
Data used in the planning for the next steps
Fra venstre: Marine gas oil, HDME 50, ULSFO og Wide Range Gasoil
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Kystinfo, www.kystverket/kystinfo ,
Sampling of oil – offshore/shoreline
Oil identification ‐ determining the source/ securing evidence
• System for sampling, packaging and shipment
• Fingerprint analyses are used as evidence in a legal context
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Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response
Oil recovery budget– Full City
In total 2930 tons collected (963 tons of oil)
Total on board Full City: 1154m3 IFO 180
Full City
Krogshavn, Telemark – May 2010
Krogshavn, August 2009
Before cleaning
After cleaning
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Shoreline cleaning
‐ consider type of shoreline and wave exposure‐ time consuming‐ expensive
How clean is clean?
What happens with the oil as time elapses?
:
Autumn 2009 Spring 2010
Autemn 2010
Spring 2011
3 years after
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Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response
Environmental impact assessment
• Purpose: Find the extent of damage to the environment
• Requirement according to the Pollution Act (& the Activities Regulations )
• The study must be directly linked to the incident – each spill has its own characteristics
• The NCA discusses the content with the “Advisory Group” (several national authorities)
• Guidelines exists
• Starts immediately after spill
Investigate:
• Seabirds
• Mussels
• Fish, shrimps, crabs etc, ‐ food safety
• Intertidal zone (flora and fauna)
• Sediments
• Outdoor activities
• +/‐
The content of the study depends on
‐ size of the spill
‐ oil characteristics
‐ season
‐ natural resources in the area of influence
‐ possible damage
‐ possibilities for polluted shoreline
Linked to existing monitoring program
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Environmental studies – Full City• Purpose: determine the extent of damage
• Started in 2009 – completed in 2011
• Subprojects were terminated when no effect were found
The environmental impact study focused on:‐ water chemistry, animal and plant plankton‐ seafood (shells, crabs and fish)‐ seabirds‐ flora and fauna in coastal zone‐ impact of cleanup operation‐ sediments‐marine mammals (seals)‐ fish population‐ eelgrass‐ outdoor activity and tourism
Norwegian Coastal Administration, Department for Emergency Response
NPD: naftalen, fenantren, dibenzotiofen an their alkylhomologer – an indicator of oil pollution. EPA 16 = 16 priority PAH (polyaromatiske hydrocarbones)
Oil pollution in mussels
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Full City ‐ seafood
Sampling: - immediately after the grounding- 4 months after- 8 months after
• Insignificant uptake of NPD/PAH in fish and crabs after the oil spill
• Significant uptake of NPD/PAH in blue mussels after the oil spill →food recommenda on
• NPD/PAH content in blue mussels reduced to background level within ¾ of a year
PAH in mussels
• Oil contains polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
• The different PAH can be analysed according to determination of food security or pollution
Green = Full city oil, blue = contamination from Full City, red= pollution in the mussels is from another source
Content of EPA 16 –PAH in mussels from two sampling sites, and in the oil from Full City.
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Declining population of seabirds
• Estimate acute damage (number of oiled and dead birds)
• Collect dead birds for identification, aging, etc
• Survey the long term effects on bird populations.
Full City: app. 1500‐2500 seabirds dead, mainly local common eider
Seabirds
Full City – Sediment sampling
Sampled area
Sea sediments analyzed to detect THC and PAH.
Main conclusion: The sediments in the area are slightly influenced by the oil spill. “High energy status” of the area is the main explanation.
One area in Krogshavn was monitored longer.
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Investigation of flora and fauna
Sites with/without oil
Perform the studies also where shoreline cleaning agents have been used.
“Rope traps” for collecting small animals
Environmental impact studies
Environmental impact studies
• Incidents with oil spills in Norway have caused limited environmental damage (eg, Rocknes, Server, Full City and Godafoss)
• Content of PAH in mussels return to background level after about ½ ‐1 years
• Considerable impacts on seabirds
• Be aware of background pollution and sampling locations
• Negative results are useful• Natural fluctuations – link the results to the spill• Communication of the results to the general public and media!
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Main factors affecting environmental impactsof an oil spill
• Presence of vulnerable resources sea / land
• Oil type
• Weather conditions
• Season, breeding‐ spawning
• Possibility of mechanical recovery or dispersion before the oil reaches the coast
Petrozavodsk at the Bear Island, May 2009
Hekkende lomvi/breeding guillemot
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Thank you for your attention!
