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National Emergency Disputes Under the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act

1947-65

Bulletin No. 1482

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

National Emergency Disputes Under the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act

1947-65

Bulletin No. 1482

March 1966

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSArthur M. Ross, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - P r ic e 4 0 c e n ts


Preface

T h i s b u l l e t i n , p r e p a r e d in t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s D i v i s i o n o f I n d u s t r i a l a n d L a b o r R e l a t i o n s , c o v e r s t h e a c t i o n s o f a l l T a f t - H a r t l e y e m e r g e n c y b o a r d s a p p o i n t e d t h r o u g h 1 9 6 5 . T h e c h r o n o l o g i e s o f t h e 1959 l o n g s h o r e a n d b a s i c s t e e l d i s p u t e s p r e s e n t e d in B L S R e p o r t 169> O c t o b e r 1 9 6 3 , h a v e b e e n e x p a n d e d , a n d a s e l e c t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y o n n a t i o n a l e m e r g e n c y d i s p u t e s h a s b e e n a d d e d .

Contents

P a g e

I n t r o d u c t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

B o a r d s o f I n q u i r y a p p o i n t e d 1 9 4 7 —6 5, u n d e r N a t i o n a l E m e r g e n c y P r o v i s i o n s of t h e L a b o r M a n a g e m e n t R e l a t i o n s A c t of 1 947 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1. A t o m i c E n e r g y D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 8 — A t o m i c T r a d e s a n d L a b o r C o u n c i l ( A F L )v . C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s C o r p . ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

2. M e a t p a c k i n g D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 8 — U n i t e d P a c k i n g h o u s e W o r k e r s (C IO )v . f i v e m a j o r m e a t p a c k i n g f i r m s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

3. B i t u m i n o u s C o a l M i n e r s ' P e n s i o n D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 8 — U n i t e d M in e W o r k e r sof A m e r i c a ( i n d . ) v . b i t u m i n o u s c o a l m i n e o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------- 4

4. T e l e p h o n e D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 8 — A m e r i c a n U n i o n o f T e l e p h o n e W o r k e r s (C IO )v . A m e r i c a n T e l e p h o n e a n d T e l e g r a p h C o . -------------------------------------------------------------- 5

5. M a r i t i m e I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , A t l a n t i c , P a c i f i c , a n d G u l f C o a s t s , a n dG r e a t L a k e s , 1 9 4 8 — M a r i t i m e u n i o n s v . s h i p p i n g c o m p a n i e s ---------------------------- 5

6. B i t u m i n o u s C o a l M i n e r s ' C o n t r a c t D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 8 ----U n i t e d M in e W o r k e r so f A m e r i c a ( i n d . ) v . b i t u m i n o u s c o a l m i n e o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------- 6

7. D o c k w o r k e r s D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c C o a s t , 1 9 4 8 ----I n t e r n a t i o n a lL o n g s h o r e m e n ' s A s s o c i a t i o n ( A F L ) v . s h i p p i n g c o m p a n i e s --------------------------------- 7

8 . B i t u m i n o u s C o a l M i n e r s ' C o n t r a c t D i s p u t e , 1 9 4 9 —50— U n i t e d M i n e W o r k e r so f A m e r i c a ( i n d . ) v . b i t u m i n o u s c o a l m i n e o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------------------- 8

9. N o n f e r r o u s M e t a l s D i s p u t e , 1 9 5 1 — I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i o n of M in e ,M i l l a n d S m e l t e r W o r k e r s ( i n d . ) v . c o p p e r a n d o t h e rn o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s i n d u s t r y -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

10. A m e r i c a n L o c o m o t i v e C o . D i s p u t e , 1 95 2 ----A lc o P r o d u c t s D i v i s i o n P l a n t ,D u n k i r k , N. Y. v . U n i t e d S t e e l w o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a ( C I O ) ---------------------------------- 10

11. L o n g s h o r e m e n ' s D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c C o a s t , 1 9 5 3 ----I n t e r n a t i o n a lL o n g s h o r e m e n ' s A s s o c i a t i o n ( I n d . ) , I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n ' sA s s o c i a t i o n ( A F L ) v . s h i p p i n g a n d s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s ------------------------------------- 11

i i i


Contents— ContinuedP a g e

B o a r d s o f I n q u i r y a p p o i n t e d 1947—6 5 , u n d e r N a t i o n a l E m e r g e n c y P r o v i s i o n s o f t h e L a b o r M a n a g e m e n t R e l a t i o n s A c t o f 1947— C o n t i n u e d

12. A t o m i c E n e r g y D i s p u t e , 1 954— C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s C o . ,a D i v i s i o n o f U n i o n C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C o r p . v . U n i t e d G a s ,C o k e a n d C h e m i c a l W o r k e r s (C IO) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

13. A t o m i c E n e r g y D i s p u t e , 1954— C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s C o . ,a D i v i s i o n o f U n i o n C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C o r p .v 0 A t o m i c T r a d e s a n d L a b o r C o u n c i l ( A F L ) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 15

14. L o n g s h o r i n g D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c a n d G u l f C o a s t s , 1 95 6 —57—I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n ’s A s s o c i a t i o n ( i n d . )v . s h i p p i n g a n d s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

15. A t o m i c E n e r g y D i s p u t e , 1 95 7 — O i l , C h e m i c a l a n d A t o m i c W o r k e r sI n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i o n ( A F L —CIO) v . G o o d y e a r A t o m i c C o r p . , as u b s i d i a r y o f t h e G o o d y e a r T i r e a n d R u b b e r C o . --------------------------------------------------------- 18

16. L o n g s h o r i n g D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c a n d G u l f C o a s t s , 1959—I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n ' s A s s o c i a t i o n

v . s h i p p i n g a n d s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------— 1817. B a s i c S t e e l I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , 1959— U n i t e d S t e e l w o r k e r s o f

A m e r i c a ( A F L - C I O ) v . b a s i c s t e e l i n d u s t r y ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2318. M a r i t i m e I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , A t l a n t i c , P a c i f i c , a n d G u l f C o a s t s , 1961—

M a r i t i m e u n i o n s v . c e r t a i n s h i p o w n e r s a n d o p e r a t o r s i n t h eU n i t e d S t a t e s f o r e i g n a n d d o m e s t i c t r a d e ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 38

19. M a r i t i m e I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , W e s t C o a s t a n d H a w a i i , 1 96 2 — S e a f a r e r s ' I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f N o r t h A m e r i c a (3 s u b d i v i s i o n s ) v . s h i p o w n e r s a n do p e r a t o r s r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e P a c i f i c M a r i t i m e A s s o c i a t i o n ------------------------------------- 41

2 0 . R e p u b l i c A v i a t i o n C o r p . , F a r m i n g d a l e , L o n g I s l a n d , N . Y. , 1962—v . I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f M a c h i n i s t s ( A F L —C I O ) ------------------------------------------------ 44

21 . L o n g s h o r i n g D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c a n d G u l f C o a s t s , 1962—63—I n t e r n a t i o n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n ' s A s s o c i a t i o n ( A F L - 'CIO)v . s h i p p i n g a n d s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

2 2 . A e r o s p a c e I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , 1962 L o c k h e e d A i r c r a f t C o r p .v . I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f M a c h i n i s t s ( A F L ~ C I O ) ------------------------------------------------ 49

2 3 . A e r o s p a c e I n d u s t r y D i s p u t e , 1962—63 B o e i n g C o . v . I n t e r n a t i o n a lA s s o c i a t i o n o f M a c h i n i s t s ( A F L - C I O ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51

2 4 u L o n g s h o r i n g D i s p u t e o n t h e A t l a n t i c a n d G u l f C o a s t s , 1964- 65----I n t e r n a t io n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n 's A s s o c i a t i o n (A F L - C I O )v . s h i p p i n g a n d s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

A p p e n d i x e s :A . L a b o r M a n a g e m e n t R e l a t i o n s A c t , 1 9 4 7 , a s a m e n d e d

b y P u b l i c L a w 8 6 - 2 5 7 , 1 9 5 9 , in S e c s . 2 0 6 - 2 1 0 ,N a t i o n a l E m e r g e n c i e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65

B . S e l e c t e d B i b l i o g r a p h y o n N a t i o n a l E m e r g e n c y D i s p u t e s ------------------------------------------------ 67

iv


National Emergency Disputes U nder the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act, 1947—65

Introduction

The national e m e rg en cy m a c h in e ry p rov id ed under the L ab or M anagement R elations (T aft-H art ley ) Act (1947) 1 fo r the in vestig a t ion of la b o r d isputes was invoked by the P re s id e n t in 24 disputes f r o m the t im e of its p assag e in 1947 through 1965 . Seven of these disputes o c c u r re d during the f i r s t y e a r f o l lowing p assag e of the act. Subsequent disputes w e re d is tr ib u ted as fo l lo w s : Oneeach in 1950 , 1 9 5 1 , 1952 , 1953 , 1956 , 1957 , 19 6 1 , 1963 , and 1964 ; two each in 19 5 4 and 1959 ; and fo u r in 1962 . E v e ry P re s id e n t holding o ffice since p assag e of the act has invoked its national e m e rg en cy p ro v is io n s at le a s t once.

The steved o rin g in d u stry has been a ffected d i r e c t ly by s ix d isputes, w hile atom ic en erg y in s ta l la t io n s have been invo lved in four , the m ost re c e n t of which o c c u rre d in 1957 . The bituminous co a l and m a r i t im e in d u s tr ie s each have been invo lved in th re e d isputes, w ith a l l those involv ing the fo r m e r group o c c u rr in g during the 19 4 8 —50 p erio d . Of the th re e m ost re c e n t national e m e rg en cy d i s putes, two have in vo lved the a e ro sp a c e in d u stry , the only o ther group to be d ire c t ly a ffected m o re than once. Other in d u str ie s to which th ese p ro v is io n s have been applied a re m eatpacking, com m unications, fa b r ic a te d s tee l, n o n fe rro u s m e ta ls , a i r c r a f t m anufacturing , and basic s te e l .

The e m e rg e n c y p ro c e d u re s have been used m o re often to halt w o rk s to p pages a l re a d y in p r o g r e s s than to a v e r t th rea ten ed s t r ik e s . Stoppages of va ry in g duration w e re in e ffec t in 14 of the disputes in which th ese p ro c e d u re s w e re in voked. In th re e in s ta n c e s , a B oard of Inquiry was appointed on the day the s t r ik e began. At the o th er e x tre m e , the A m e r ic a n L ocom otive Co. s t r ik e in 1952 and the b as ic s te e l in d u stry s t r ik e in 1959 continued fo r ap p ro x im a te ly 3 months b e fo re such action w as deem ed n e c e s s a r y .

W ork stoppages began on the day fo llowing the appointment of a B oard of Inquiry in 3 of the 10 d isputes in which a s t r ik e th re a t ex is ted at the t im e the act was invoked; and, in two other c a s e s , of th is type, stoppages o c c u r re d f o l lowing the ex p ira t io n of the 8 0 -d a y injunction. Thus, s t r ik e s w e re e i th e r in effect o r subsequently m a te r ia l iz e d in 19 of the 24 national e m e rg e n c y d isputes .

The B oards of Inquiry 2 subm itted an in it ia l r e p o r t in e v e r y dispute e x cept that involving the com m unications in d u stry in 19 4 8 . The t im e re q u ire d fo r th ese B oards to conduct th e i r in q u ir ies into the cau ses and c i rc u m sta n c e s of the disputes, and re p o r t th e i r findings ranged f r o m 1 day in 3 d isputes to 24 days in the 1948 m eatpacking dispute. In the seven m ost rece n t em e rg e n c y d isputes, the B oards re q u ire d an a v e ra g e of 4 days to p e r fo rm th ese duties.

* See appendix A.2 These Boards were composed of three members each in all but the 1948 maritime industry dispute. In the

latter situation, a five -member Board was appointed to allow hearings to be held simultaneously on the East and West Coasts.

1


2

A s a re s u l t of the B o a rd s 1 findings, in junctions w e re sought and obtained in 20 d isputes . 3 In the 1948 m a r i t im e s t r ik e , th re e in junctions w e re obtained— one each fo r p o rts along the A tlantic and Gulf C o asts , the G rea t L akes , and the P a c if ic Coast. These court o rd e r s w e re e ffec tive in halting o r preventing s to p pages in a l l but the 19 4 9 —50 bituminous coa l d ispute.

F in a l r e p o r ts p resentin g in fo rm atio n on the e f fo r ts to w ard se tt lem en t, the c u r re n t positions of the p a r t ie s , and the e m p lo y e r ’ s “la s t o f fe r , 11 w e re p r e p a re d by the B oards of Inquiry in 18 d isputes, and balloting on the e m p lo y e r 's "last o f fe r" w as held fo llowing the is su an ce of th ese r e p o r ts in 14 d isputes . In a l l c a s e s , the e m p lo y e r ’ s p ro p o sa l was re je c te d . 4

S ett lem en ts w e re reach ed during the 8 0 -d a y in junction p er io d in 10 d i s putes . In seven of the rem ain ing situations in w hich in junctive action w as taken, s t r ik e s e i th e r o c c u rre d fo r the f i r s t t im e o r w e re re su m e d at the end of the s ta tu to ry 8 0 -d a y period . F iv e of th ese la t te r disputes o c c u r re d in the steved o rin g in d u stry , while two o c c u r re d e lse w h e re in the m a r i t im e in d u stry .

The fin a l action p re s c r ib e d by the statute, a "full and com p reh en s ive" P re s id e n t ia l re p o r t of the p roceed ings to C o n g re ss , w as taken in on ly fou r d i s putes: A tom ic en erg y (1948), bituminous coa l (1948), 5 6 * n o n fe rro u s m e ta ls (1951) ,and the m a r i t im e s t r ik e (19 6 1) .

M ajo r developm ents in the national e m e rg e n c y d isputes to date a re d e sc r ib e d in sequence in the following pages. A se le c te d b ib liography on this g e n e ra l subject ap p ears in appendix B.

3 In the 1948 meatpacking dispute, an injunction was not sought despite the fact that a work stoppage was in progress at the time the Board of Inquiry submitted its report.In the 1948 maritime dispute, one of the unions involved—the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's .̂ Union— boycotted the election.Two disputes were covered in a single report.

6 See James E. Jones, Jr. , "The National Emergency Disputes Provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act: A View from aLegislative Draftsman's Desk," Western Reserve Law Review, October 1965, pp. 135-256.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Boards of Inquiry Appointed 1947—65, Under National Emergency Provisions of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947

1. A t o m i c E n e r g y D i s p u t e , 1 94 8 — A t o m i c T r a d e s a n d L a b o r C o u n c i l ( A F L )v . C a r b i d e a n d C a r b o n C h e m i c a l s C o r p .

M a r c h 5, 1 9 4 8 ________ B o a r d of I n q u i r y a p p o i n t e d b y t h e P r e s i d e n t t o i n v e s t i g a t e a n d r e p o r t o n th e l a b o r d i s p u t e a t O a k R i d g e N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y o v e r w a g e a d j u s t m e n t s a n d r e t e n t i o n of s i c k l e a v e b e n e f i t s . M e m b e r s ; J o h n L o r d O ' B r i a n , N e w Y o r k a n d W a s h i n g t o n a t t o r n e y , c h a i r m a n ; C . C a n b y B a l d e r s t o n , W h a r t o n S c h o o l of F i n a n c e a n d C o m m e r c e , U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a ; a n d S t a n l e y F . T e e l e , H a r v a r d G r a d u a t e S c h o o l of B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n .

M a r c h 1 5 ______________ F i r s t r e p o r t o f t h e B o a r d s u b m i t t e d t o t h e P r e s i d e n t . T h e B o a r d f o u n d t h a t t h e i s s u e s i n d i s p u t e r e m a i n e d u n s e t t l e d a n d t h e t h r e a t of s t r i k e w a s u n a l t e r e d .

M a r c h 19 D e p a r t m e n t of J u s t i c e r e q u e s t e d a n d o b t a i n e d i n j u n c t i o n f r o m t h e U .S . D i s t r i c t C o u r t of E a s t T e n n e s s e e .

M a r c h 24 B o a r d of I n q u i r y r e c o n v e n e d b y t h e P r e s i d e n t .M a y 1 8 _________________ S e c o n d r e p o r t of t h e B o a r d s u b m i t t e d t o t h e P r e s i d e n t . I t c o n t a i n e d

a s t a t e m e n t of t h e e m p l o y e r ' s " l a s t o f f e r " a n d s t a t e d t h a t t h e p o s i t i o n s of t h e p a r t i e s r e m a i n e d u n a l t e r e d a n d t h e d i s p u t e u n s e t t l e d .

J u n e 1—2 _______________ T h e N a t i o n a l L a b o r R e l a t i o n s B o a r d c o n d u c t e d a s e c r e t b a l l o t to a s c e r t a i n w h e t h e r w o r k e r s w i s h e d to a c c e p t t h e f i n a l o f f e r o f t h e e m p l o y e r . B y a v o t e of 771 t o 26 t h e e m p l o y e r ' s l a s t o f f e r w a s r e j e c t e d .

J u n e 1 1__ I n j u n c t i o n d i s s o l v e d b y c o u r t , u p o n m o t i o n of t h e A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l .J u n e 1 5_... . T h e p a r t i e s r e a c h e d a g r e e m e n t o n t h e t e r m s of a n e w c o n t r a c t w h i c h

g r a n t e d w o r k e r s w a g e i n c r e a s e s r a n g i n g f r o m 6 l/z t o 4 0 1/2 c e n t s an h o u r , r e t r o a c t i v e t o D e c e m b e r 18 , 1 9 4 7 , a n d s i c k l e a v e b e n e f i t s v a r y i n g i n a m o u n t a c c o r d i n g to l e n g t h of s e r v i c e .

J u n e 18_________________ T h e P r e s i d e n t r e p o r t e d t o C o n g r e s s o n t h e d i s p u t e a n d r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t a s p e c i a l s t u d y b e m a d e of t h e p r o b l e m of p e a c e f u l a n d o r d e r l y s e t t l e m e n t o f l a b o r d i s p u t e s i n G o v e r n m e n t - o w n e d , p r i v a t e l y o p e r a t e d a t o m i c e n e r g y i n s t a l l a t i o n s . H e p r o p o s e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a c o m m i s s i o n t o s t u d y p o s s i b l e n e e d of s p e c i a l l e g i s l a t i o n t o a v e r t l a b o r s h u t d o w n s in s u c h p l a n t s . T h e m e m b e r s o f t h e c o m m i s s i o n w e r e to b e a p p o i n t e d w i t h t h e a d v i c e of t h e A t o m i c E n e r g y C o m m i s s i o n a n d t h e J o i n t C o m m i t t e e o n A t o m i c E n e r g y .

2, M e a t p a c k i n g D i s p u t e , 1 94 8----U n i t e d P a c k i n g h o u s e W o r k e r s (CIO)v. f i v e m a j o r m e a t p a c k i n g f i r m s

M a r c h 15, 1 9 4 8 _______ B o a r d of I n q u i r y a p p o i n t e d b y t h e P r e s i d e n t to i n v e s t i g a t e t h e d i s p u t e i n t h e m e a t p a c k i n g i n d u s t r y o v e r t h e u n i o n ' s d e m a n d f o r i n c r e a s e d w a g e s . M e m b e r s o f t h e B o a r d : N a t h a n P . F e i n s i n g e r , U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n L a w S c h o o l , c h a i r m a n ; P e a r c e D a v i s , D e p a r t m e n t of B u s i n e s s a n d E c o n o m i c s , I l l i n o i s I n s t i t u t e of T e c h n o l o g y ; a n d W a l t e r V. S c h a e f e r , N o r t h w e s t e r n U n i v e r s i t y L a w S c h o o l .

3


4

2. M eatpack ing D isp u te , 1948— U nited P a ck in gh o u se W orkers (CIO) v . f iv e m ajor m eatp a ck in g f ir m s — Continued

M arch 16, 1948_______

A p ril 8 -------------------------

M ay 2 1 -------------------------

June 5 --------------------------

S tr ik e b egan in p lan ts of the 5 co m p a n ies in 20 S ta te s . A p p ro x im a te ly 83, 000 w o rk er s w e re in vo lved .R ep ort o f the B oard se tt in g forth and a n a ly z in g the p o s it io n s o f the p a r tie s , su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t.S tr ik e w as term in a ted at Sw ift, A rm ou r, Cudahy, and M o rre ll p lan ts fo llo w in g the un ion’s a ccep ta n c e o f a 9 -c e n t h ou rly w age in c r e a s e .S tr ik e w as ended at W ilson and Co. under a p p ro x im a te ly the sa m e te r m s .

3. B itu m in ou s C oal M in e r s1 P e n s io n D isp u te , 1948— U nited M ine W ork ers o f A m e r ic a (In d .)v . b itu m in ou s co a l m in e o p e r a to r s

M arch 15, 1948_______ Work stop p age began . W ithin a few d ay s a p p rox im a te ly 320, 000 w o rk er s w e r e -in v o lv e d .

M arch 2 3 --------------------- B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers of the B oard : F e d e r a l Judge S h erm an M inton, ch a irm a n ; G eorge W. T a y lo r , W harton S ch oo l o f F in a n ce and C o m m erce , U n iv e r s ity of P en n sy lv a n ia ; M ark E th rid ge, L o u is v ille C o u rier Jou rn a l. P r in c ip a l i s s u e w a s the u n io n 's ch a rg e that e m p lo y ers had fa ile d to " a c t iv a te ” a p en sio n p lan as p rov id ed fo r in the co n tra ct o f Ju ly 1947.

M arch 3 1 --------------------- R ep ort o f the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t. The B oard found that ac tio n of the union p r e s id e n t in the fo rm o f co m m u n ica tio n s to o f f ic e r s and m e m b e r s o f the un ion induced the m in e r s to sto p w ork in a co n cer te d fa sh io n and that the sto p p age w a s not in dependent a c tio n by m in e r s a c tin g in d iv id u a lly and s e p a r a te ly .

A p ril 3 ------------------------- T em p ora ry r e str a in in g o rd er is s u e d by the U .S. D is t r ic t C ourt fo r the D is tr ic t o f C olum bia, e f fe c t iv e fo r 10 d a y s.

A p ril 10------------------------ The S p eak er o f the H ou se o f R e p r e se n ta t iv e s su g g e sted S en ator S ty le s B r id g e s o f N ew H am p sh ire a s the n eu tra l m em b e r o f the board of t r u s te e s . T h is w as a c cep ta b le to the union and in d u stry r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f the board o f tr u s te e s .

A p ril 12_______________ S en ator B r id g e s p ro p osed a p lan w h ereb y p en sio n s of $ 100 a m onth would be paid to th o se m e m b e r s o f the union who, on and a fter M ay 29, 1946, had co m p leted 20 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e in the m in e s and had rea ch ed 62 y e a r s o f a g e . T h is p lan w as adopted, the o p e ra to rs ' tr u s te e d is se n tin g .

A p ril 19_______________ The co u rt found John L . L ew is and the UMWA gu ilty of both c r im in a l and c iv i l con tem p t of cou rt; f in e s o f $20 ,00 0 a g a in st the union p r e s id e n t and $ 1 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 a g a in st the un ion w e re le v ie d on the b a s is o f the c r im in a l c h a r g e s .

A p ril 21_______________ E ig h ty -d a y in ju n ction is s u e d in W ashington, D .C ., by J u s t ic e Tf. A lan G old sb orou gh forb id d in g con tin u an ce or re su m p tio n o f a n ationw ide co a l s tr ik e .

A p ril 24—2 6 ----------------- M ost m in e r s retu rn ed to w ork.June 23________________ C ourt d is so lv e d the in ju n ction o f A p ril 21.June 26------------------------- F in a l rep o rt su b m itted by B oard .


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4. T elep h on e D isp u te , 1948— A m e r ica n Union of T elep h on e W o rk ers (CIO) v . A m e r ica n T elep h on e and T elegra p h Co.

M ay 18. 1948 B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: Sum ner H. S lich te r of H arvard U n iv ersity , chairm an ; C h a rles A. H orsk y, a tto rn ey , W ashington , D .C .; and A a ron H o rv itz , in d u str ia l r e la t io n s ex p ert, of N ew Y ork C ity. R ep ort to b e m ad e to the P r e s id e n t by June 8. The p r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e re dem ands fo r in c r e a s e d w a g es and ch an ges in w ork in g r u le s .

M ay 25_____ __________ F o r m a l h ea r in g s w e re sch ed u led to b eg in but w e r e p ostp on ed until June 8.

June 4_ __ _____ __ The com p an y and union s ig n ed a 2 1 -m on th a g reem en t w h ich did not p ro v id e for a g e n e r a l w a ge in c r e a s e but p ro v id ed for im p ro v em en ts in w ork in g co n d ition s and for the reop en in g of the w age q u estio n at any t im e .

5. M aritim e Ind u stry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , and G reat L ak es 1948— M a ritim e u n io n s 1 v . sh ipping co m p a n ies

June 3, 1 9 4 8 __________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: H arry Shulm an of Y ale U n iv e r s ity Law S ch ool, ch a irm an ; A ndrew J a ck so n , a ttorn ey , N ew York City; A rthur P . A llen , U n iv e r s ity of C a lifo rn ia In stitu te of In d u str ia l R e la tio n s; J e s s e F r e id in , a tto rn ey , N ew York City; G eorge C h en ey , San D iego lab o r r e la t io n s co n su ltan t. P r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e r e h ig h er w a g es and re ten tio n of union h ir in g h a lls . B oard h e a r in g s h e ld co n cu rr en tly in N ew York and San F r a n c isc o .

June 1 1 _______ ________ R ep ort of the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . It p oin ted out that the b a s ic d isp u te (the q u estion of re ta in in g h ir in g h a lls ) " a r is e s fro m the am en d m en t of the N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n s A ct b y the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct."

June 14 T em p o ra ry re stra in in g o r d e r s is s u e d by F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rts in N ew Y ork, San F r a n c is c o , and C levelan d .June 2 2 _______________ F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rts in San F r a n c isc o and C levelan d is s u e d secon d 1 0-d a y r e str a in in g o r d e r s .June 2 3 _______ _______ The co u rt in N ew Y ork is s u e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction b a r r in g s tr ik e s

of m a r it im e w o r k e r s on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts .June 3 0 __ ...________ ___ The co u rt in C lev e la n d is su e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction co v er in g th e G reat

L ak es area .J u ly 2 The co u rt in San F r a n c is c o is su e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction co v er in g the

P a c if ic C o ast area .A u gust 1 0 _____________ Som e m e m b e r s of the B oard recon v en ed in San F r a n c isc o .A ugust 1 1 _____________ O ther m e m b e r s of the B oard reco n v en ed in N ew York.A ugust 1 4 _____________ F in a l rep o rt of the B oard su bm itted to the P r e s id e n t, inclu d ing a

s ta te m en t of the e m p lo y ers ' " last offer" of se ttle m e n t.

S ee footn ote at end of tab le .


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5. M a ritim e Industry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , and G reat L a k es,1948— M a ritim e un ion s 1 v . sh ipping co m p a n ie s— Continued

A u gust 18, 1948 N ation a l M aritim e U nion and sh ipp ing o p e r a to r s of A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts rea ch ed an a g r eem e n t p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e s and r e ten tion of union h ir in g h a lls pending co u rt ru lin g s on th e ir le g a lity .

A u gust 25 N atio n a l M arin e E n g in e e r s ’ B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n and A tlan tic and G ulf C o ast o p e ra to rs rea ch ed an a g r e e m e n t p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e s , union h ir in g h a lls to be contin u ed u n til th e ir le g a l s ta tu s d e term in ed by co u rt ac tion .

A u gu st 27--------------------- A m e r ica n Radio A s s o c ia t io n s ig n ed a new co n tr a ct p ro v id in g for w agein c r e a s e s and ren ew a l o f h ir in g h a ll p r o v is io n s of old co n tr a c t pending co u rt ru lin g on th e ir le g a lity .

A u gust 30—3 1 --------------- N ation a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard conducted a s e c r e t b a llo t of W estC o ast e m p lo y ees on the q u estio n o f a ccep tin g the e m p lo y e r s ’ ’’la s t o f f e r .” The In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's and W a reh o u sem en 's Union b oy co tted the b a llo tin g and did not v o te ; m e m b e r s o f the o th er W est C o ast un ion s r e c e iv e d b a llo ts by m a il .

S ep tem b er 1 The 8 0 -d ay in ju n ction c o v er in g th e A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts d is so lv e d by co u rt ac tion .

S ep tem b er 2 The 8 0 -d ay in ju n ction co v e r in g the W est C o a st d is so lv e d .

S ep tem b er 2 N atio n a l M ar itim e Union and G reat L ak es o p e ra to rs rea ch ed an a g r e e m en t re ta in in g the h ir in g -h a ll c la u s e s , pending a fin a l co u rt d e c is io n on the i s s u e .

S ep tem b er 2 Stoppage b egan at P a c if ic C o a st p o r ts o v e r w age and h ir in g -h a ll i s s u e s . A p p ro x im a te ly 28, 000 lo n g sh o rem en and sh ip c r ew m e m b e r s w ere d ir e c t ly in vo lved .

N o v em b er 25 S ettlem en t rea ch ed b etw een e m p lo y e r s and ILWU (CIO), p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e of 15 cen ts an hour and re te n tio n o f un ion h ir in g h a lls pending co u rt ru lin g s on th e ir le g a lity . W ithin the n ex t few d a y s, the o th er s tr ik in g u n ion s se c u r e d s e t t le m e n ts v a ry in g am ong u n ion s.

1 International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union (CIO); National Maritime Union (CIO); National Union of Marine Cooks and Stewards (CIO); National Marine Engineers’Beneficial Association (CIO); Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers' Association (Ind.); and American Radio Association (CIO). The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (AFL) through one of its locals, representing marine radio operators, was involved also.

6. B itu m in ou s C oal M in ers' C on tract D isp u te , 1948— U nited M ine W orkers of A m e r ic a ( in d .) v . b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e o p e r a to r s

J une 19, 1948. B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to rep o rt on the co a l co n tr a c t d isp u te o v er w a g es and o th er co n d itio n s of em p lo ym en t. M em b ers: D avid L. C o le, a tto rn ey , of P a te r so n , N. J . , ch a irm an ; E . W ight B akke of Y a le U n iv e r s ity ; W aldo E. F ish e r of the U n iv e r s ity of P en n sy lv a n ia .


7

6. B itu m in ou s C oal M in ers' C on tract D isp u te , 1948— U nited M ine W o rk ersof A m e r ic a (Ind.) v . b itu m in ou s co a l m in e o p e r a to r s— C ontinued

June 24, 1948_________ A g ree m e n t co v er in g c o m m e r c ia l m in e s re a ch e d on a 1 -y e a r co n tra ct p rov id in g fo r a w a ge in c r e a s e of $1 a day and for doubling the o p e ra to rs ' p ay m en ts in to the w e lfa r e and r e t ir e m e n t fundr—fro m 10 to 20 c e n ts a ton of co a l m in ed .

June 2 6 ------------------------ B oard rep o r ted to the P r e s id e n t that the th rea t of a c o a l s tr ik e a ffectin g the p u b lic in te r e s t had b een a v er ted . 1

1 The agreement negotiated with the commercial bituminous mine operations was not accepted by operators of "captive" mines. The union-shop clause was the issue in dispute. Approximately 42,000 employees of "captive" mines were on strike for about 9 days in July. Operators then accepted the union-shop clause with the proviso that it would be modified if court rulings required.

7. D o ck w o rk ers D isp u te on the A tla n tic C o a st, 1948— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A FL ) v. sh ipping co m p a n ies

A u gust 17, 1948______ B oard of Inquiry appointed by th e P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: Sau l W allen , lab o r a tto rn ey , B o sto n , M a ss ., ch a irm an ; J o sep h L. M ille r , lab o r co n su lta n t, W ashington , D .C .; J u liu s K a ss , a tto rn ey , N ew York C ity. P r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e r e w a ge in c r e a s e s and application of o v e r tim e rates.

A u gust 2 0 ______ ______ R ep ort o f th e B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . It sta ted that the d isp u te o v er o v e r t im e p a y m en ts had b lo ck ed n eg o tia tio n s and that a g r eem e n t on o th er te r m s m igh t b e rea ch e d q u ick ly if the o v e r tim e q u estio n cou ld be r e so lv e d .

A u gust 2 1 _____________ The F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in N ew York is s u e d a 1 0 -d a y re stra in in g ord er p ro h ib itin g s tr ik e s and lo ck o u ts b y lo n g sh o r e m e n and e m p lo y e r s at A tla n tic C oast p o r ts .

A u gust 24 E ig h ty -d a y in ju n ction i s s u e d by the co u rt. The e ffec t of th is w a s to p ro h ib it s tr ik e s or lo ck o u ts u n til N o v em b er 9.

A u gust 26O ctob er 21____________

The B oard re co n v en ed by the P r e s id e n t .S u b m iss io n to the P r e s id e n t of the B o a rd 's f in a l r ep o rt in clu d in g a s ta te m en t of th e e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer" of s e tt le m e n t.

N o v em b er 4—5 _______ N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard con d u cted a p o ll of union m e m b e r s on the q u estio n of a c cep tin g e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer ." The e m p lo y e e s r e je c te d the o ffer b y a la r g e m a jo r ity .

N o vem b er 9 Union o f f ic e r s and sh ip p in g r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s co n clu d ed an a g r eem e n t p ro v id in g fo r w a g e in c r e a s e s of 10 cen ts an hour in s tr a ig h t- t im e r a te s and 15 c e n ts in o v e r t im e r a te s . A n tis tr ik e in ju n ction d is so lv e d by cou rt ac tion .

N o v em b er 10__________ S p orad ic sto p p a g es d ev e lo p ed a lon g the c o a s t as lo n g sh o rem en voted to r e je c t the a g r eem e n t.

N o v em b er 12 M ajo rity of union lo c a ls r e je c te d ten ta tiv e a g r e e m e n t and an o f f ic ia l s tr ik e w a s sa n ctio n ed by th e union. A p p ro x im a te ly 4 5 ,0 0 0 dockw ork ers fro m M aine to V ir g in ia w e r e in v o lv ed .

N o v em b er 25________ _ A g ree m e n t rea ch ed , p ro v id in g fo r a 13-c e n t h o u r ly in c r e a s e in s tr a ig h t - t im e r a te s , I 9V2 c e n ts in o v e r t im e r a te s , a w e lfa r e p lan , and im p ro v ed v a c a tio n b e n e fits .

N o v em b er 28 A fter a g r e e m e n t w a s r a tif ie d by the m em bership, d o ck w o rk ers re tu rn ed to w ork .


8

8. B itu m in ou s C oal M in e r s ’ C o n tra ct D isp u te , 1949—50— U nited M ine W ork ers of A m e r ic a ( in d .) v . b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e o p e ra to rs

S ep tem b er 19, 1949__ N atio n w id e w ork stop p age o f b itu m in ou s c o a l and a n th ra c ite m in e r s b egan o v e r te r m s o f a new c o n tr a c t to r e p la c e the a g r eem e n t w h ich had ex p ired June 30, 1949.

O ctob er 3 A n th ra c ite and w e s te r n b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e r s re tu rn ed to w ork but th e rem a in in g 320, 000 b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e r s s ta y ed out u n til N o v em b er 9. S u b seq u en tly , sp o ra d ic s to p p a g e s r e c u r r e d in v a r io u s b itu m in ou s c o a l f ie ld s .

F ir s t w eek o f F eb ru a ry 1950______ S tr ik e s aga in b ec a m e g e n e r a l throu ghout the b itu m in ou s c o a l m in in g

in d u stry .F eb ru a ry 6 ___________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M e m b e r s : D avid L.

C ole, la w y er o f P a te r so n , N. J ., ch a irm an ; W. W illard W irtz, N o rth w e ste r n U n iv e r s ity L aw S ch ool; and John T. D unlop, H arvard G raduate S ch oo l of B u s in e ss A d m in istra tio n . P r in c ip a l un ion d em an d s ce n te r e d on in c r e a s e d em p lo y er p a y m en ts to the union p en sio n and w e lfa r e fund, w age in c r e a s e s , and a red u ced w ork d ay . The m in e o p e r a to r s sought to e lim in a te from the co n tr a ct certa in p r o v is io n s , in clu d in g the u n ion -sh op re q u est , the ’’ab le and w illin g " to w o rk c la u se , th e c la u se p er m ittin g w o rk s to p p ages during " m em o r ia l p e r io d s ," and the p r o v is io n lim it in g p ay m en ts fro m p en sio n and w e lfa r e funds to union m e m b e r s .

F eb ru a ry 11---------------- The B oard rep o rted that "this i s b a s ic a lly a d isp u te . . . o v e r the w age and w e lfa r e fund co n tr ib u tio n i s s u e s . B ehind the ta c t ic a l m a - n eu v er in g s o f the n eg o tia to rs i s fu n d am en ta lly an i s s u e of d o lla r s and c e n ts . " A lthough nonw age m a tte r s w e r e found to in v o lv e " is su e s o f s ig n if ic a n t p r in c ip le ," th e B oard sta ted that "m utually accep tab le te r m s co v er in g th e s e nonw age i s s u e s ca n b e n eg o tia ted on ce the m o n ey i s s u e s a r e r e so lv e d . "The B o a rd ’s rep o rt, w h ich noted that im m ed ia te s e t t le m e n t o f the d isp u te w as not lik e ly , w a s fo llo w ed on the sa m e day by a F e d e r a l co u rt in ju n ction a g a in st the con tin u an ce o f the s tr ik e .

F eb ru a ry 20---------------- C ontem pt p ro cee d in g s w e re in it ia ted a g a in st the union w hen the m in e r s re fu sed to re tu rn to w ork d e sp ite in s tr u c t io n s fro m th e ir p r e s id e n t , on F eb ru a ry 11 and aga in on F eb ru a ry 17, ca llin g fo r co m p lia n ce w ith the co u rt o r d er .

M arch 2 ---------------------- The F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in W ashington , D. C. , found th e un ion not g u ilty on the ground that the G ov ern m en t had fa iled to p ro d u ce s u f f ic ie n t ev id en ce to su p p ort c h a r g e s of e ith e r c iv i l or c r im in a l co n tem p t.

M arch 3 ---------------------- P r e s id e n t T rum an ask ed C o n g re ss fo r s p e c ia l le g is la t io n to p e r m it the G overn m en t to s e iz e and o p e ra te the c o a l m in e s in v ie w o f the "dangerou s" c u r ta ilm en t o f co a l p ro d u ction .

M arch 5 ---------------------- C o n clu sio n o f an a g r e e m e n t b e tw een the d isp u tan ts in b itu m in ou s co a l. 1 The se t t le m e n t p ro v id ed fo r in c r e a s e s o f 70 ce n ts in the b a s ic d a ily w age and of 10 ce n ts p er ton — fro m 20 to 30 c e n ts — in the e m p lo y ers ' p ay m en ts in to th e. w e lfa r e and r e tir e m e n t fund; con tin u an ce o f theunion shop "to the e x t e n t ..........................p er m itted by law " ; l im ita t io nof " m em o r ia l p er iod " sto p p age to 5 d a y s a y e a r ; and e lim in a tio n o f the "able and w illin g" c la u se . The n ew co n tra ct, e f fe c t iv e u n til Ju ly 1, 1952, p er m itted reop en in g on w a ge q u estio n s a fter A p r il 1, 1 9 5 1 .2

1 An agreement covering the anthracite miners, patterned largely on the bituminous coal contract, was signed on March 9.2 The miners' agreement, like many other long-term contracts, was reopened before its scheduled date. By agreement reached

in late January 1951, bituminous coal miners were granted a wage increase of 20 cents an hour and the termination date of the existing contract was changed to March 31, 1952. The contract was to continue after that date unless either the mine operators or the union should give 60 days' notice of termination.


9

9. N o n ferro u s M eta ls D isp u te , 1951— In tern ation a l Union of M in e, M ill and S m e lte r W ork ers (Ind.) v . cop p er and o th er n o n ferro u s m e ta ls in d u stry

A u gust 27. 1951 N atio n w id e s tr ik e c a lle d by th e MMSW to e n fo r ce i t s w a ge and p en sio n p r o p o s a ls . The s tr ik e h a lted v ir tu a lly a l l cop p er p ro d u ction and cu r ta iled su b sta n tia lly the p ro d u ction of z in c , le a d , m a n g a n ese , m olyb d en u m , and tu n g sten . S e v e r a l A F L u nion s and tw o r a ilro a d b ro th erh o o d s w h ich w e r e a lso in vo lv ed in the d isp u te , did not d ir e c t ly en gage in th e s tr ik e but r e sp e c te d MMSW p ick et l in e s , b rin g in g the to ta l n um ber id led to a p p ro x im a te ly 40 , 000 . P r e s id e n t T rum an im m e d ia te ly r e fe r r e d th e d isp u te to th e W age S ta b iliza tio n B oard for in v e s t ig a t io n and reco m m en d a tio n s a s to a se ttle m en t.

A u gu st 29 T he MMSW r e je c te d a WSB re q u e st that the s tr ik e be term in a te d a s a con d ition to B oard co n s id e ra tio n of th e i s s u e s in th e d isp u te .

A u gust 3 0 _____________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: Ralph T. S ew ard , ch a irm a n , P ittsb u rg h , P a ., and G. A llen D ash , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., a r b itr a to r s ; J o sep h L . M ille r , in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s co n su ltan t, W ashington , D .C .

A u gust 31 The MMSW and the K en n ecott C opper C o ., la r g e s t p ro d u cer in the in d u stry , r e a ch e d a se tt le m e n t, r e tr o a c t iv e to J u ly 1, 1951. T erm s in c lu d ed a g e n e r a l w a g e in c r e a s e of 8 c e n ts an hour, an a v era g e in c r e a s e of 7 cen ts an hour to co v er job ra te r e v is io n s , and a co m p an y-p a id p en sio n p lan e s t im a te d to c o s t 4*/2 c e n ts an hour. W age s c a le s w e re m ade su b ject to re n eg o tia tio n a fter Jan uary 1, 1952. The o th er th r e e m a jo r p ro d u cers in the in d u stry — P h e lp s D odge C orp ., A m e r ica n S m eltin g and R efin in g C o ., and A nacond a Copper M ining Co.— r e je c te d the K en n ecott s e tt le m e n t p a ttern .

S ep tem b er 4 R ep ort of th e B o ard of Inquiry su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t. The B oard found that the s tr ik e w a s ca u sin g or a g g rav a tin g c r it ic a l sh o r ta g e s of v ita l m a te r ia ls and that i t s co n tin u ation p o sed a th rea t to the d o m e st ic eco n o m y and the n ation a l d e fe n se p ro g ra m . T hereupon , the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the A tto rn ey G en era l to s e e k a co u rt in junction to h a lt th e s tr ik e .

S ep tem b er 5__________ A te m p o r a r y in ju n ction , o rd er in g the union to ter m in a te the w alkout, w a s i s s u e d b y the F e d e r a l c ircu it cou rt in D en v er , C olo.— headquarters of the union.

S ep tem b er 6_____ _____ The union o rd ere d an im m ed ia te re tu rn to w ork; b y S ep tem b er 10 the m a jo r ity of w o r k e r s had retu rn ed .

S ep tem b er 2 7 _________ S ettlem en t rea ch ed w ith the P h e lp s D odge C orp ., p ro v id in g fo r an 8 -c e n t g e n e r a l h o u r ly w age in c r e a s e , 73/4 ce n ts an hour to co v e r job ra te r e c la s s i f ic a t io n s p lu s 2 c e n ts an hour for com m on la b o r , and 4 j/2 c e n ts an hour fo r p en sio n s.

O ctob er 9 C om panyw ide a g r eem e n t rea ch ed w ith the A m e r ica n S m eltin g and R efin in g C o ., p rov id in g fo r an 8 -c e n t g e n e r a l h o u r ly w a ge in c r e a s e , vary in g h o u r ly ad ju stm en ts to co v er job ra te r e c la s s i f ic a t io n s , a th ird w e e k 's v a ca tio n a fter 15 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e , in c r e a s e d sh ift d if fe r e n tia ls , and a co m p an y-p a id p en sio n plan.

N o vem b er 5 __________ The B oard of Inquiry rep o rted that a g r e e m e n ts had b een con clu d ed w ith A naconda C opper M ining C o ., another m a jo r p ro d u cer , and w ith v ir tu a lly a ll of the o th er f ir m s that had b een in v o lv ed in the d isp u te .

N o v em b er 20__________ " L ast o ffer" b a llo ts conducted by NLRB in p lan ts of e ig h t co m p a n ies . W ork ers r e je c te d the o ffer .


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10. A m e r ica n L o co m o tiv e Co. D isp u te , 1952— A lco P ro d u cts D iv is io n P lan t, D unkirk, N. Y.v . U nited S te e lw o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a (CIO) 1

A u gu st 29, 1 9 5 2 ______ W ork stop p age that id led so m e 1, 600 p rod u ction , m a in ten a n ce , and c le r ic a l w o rk er s began fo llo w in g the c o lla p s e o f n eg o tia tio n s o v e r the u n io n 's p r o p o sa ls fo r a un ion shop and a w age and fr in g e b en e fit "package" in c r e a s e e s t im a te d to am ount to about 2 1 V2 ce n ts an hour, r e tr o a c t iv e to F eb ru a ry 1, 1952, the day fo llo w in g the ex p ira tio n d ate o f the p re v io u s a g r eem e n t.

D e c e m b e r 3----------------- B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . 2 M em b ers: A braham J. H a r r is , ch a irm an , and P h ilip L evy , a tto r n e y s , W ashington, D .C .; and G eorg e C h en ey , lab o r r e la t io n s co n su lta n t, San D ie g o , C a lif.

D e c e m b e r 1 1 __________ The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the w ork sto p p age w a s " im m e d ia te ly and s e r io u s ly d e la y in g th e p ro d u ction of equ ip m en t and of f is s io n a b le m a te r ia ls e s s e n t ia l fo r a to m ic w eap on s n eed ed fo r the n a tion a l d e fe n se , " and that re su m p tio n o f p ro d u ctio n w a s im p e r a tiv e if the a to m ic en erg y p ro g ra m w a s to m e e t i t s sch ed u le .

F o llo w in g th e B o a rd 's rep o rt, the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e to p e tit io n for an in ju n ction a g a in st th e s tr ik e .

D e c e m b e r 1 2 --------------- A tem p o r a ry r e str a in in g o r d er , p ro h ib itin g con tin u ation o f the s tr ik e and d ir e c t in g a re su m p tio n o f b a rg a in in g , w a s is s u e d by the F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u r t in B u ffa lo , N. Y.The union im m e d ia te ly o r d ere d a re tu rn to w ork; by D e cem b e r 15 m o s t of the w o rk er s had re tu rn ed .

D e c e m b e r 2 9 _________ An 80-day in ju n ction , ex p ir in g M arch 2, 1953, w as is s u e d by the d is t r ic t co u rt. The co u rt r e je c te d the S te e lw o r k e r s ' a rgu m en ts ch a llen g in g the co n stitu tio n a lity o f the T a ft-H a r tley A c t's "national em erg en cy " p r o v is io n s .

Jan u ary 5, 1 9 5 3 ---------- The S u p rem e C ou rt d en ied the u n ion 's r e q u e s t fo r im m ed ia te r e v ie w o f the d is t r ic t co u rt ru lin g .

F eb ru a ry 2 0 ---------------- A " m em orandum of u n d erstan d in g" on b a s ic s e t t le m e n t te r m s w as announced by th e F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e . It p r o v id ed for a "package" in c r e a s e in w a ge and o th er b e n e fits e s t im a te d to am ount to 16 ce n ts an hour; a $ 150 lu m p -su m p aym en t in l ie u of r e tr o a c t iv e pay fo r ea ch em p lo y e e who had w o rk ed 75 p e r c e n t of the re g u la r ly sch ed u led w ork in g t im e s in c e the p re v io u s co n tr a ct ex p ired , w ith p ro p o rtio n a te p ay m en ts to e m p lo y e e s who had w orked l e s s than the req u ired t im e; and a un ion shop w ith an " escap e" p r o v is io n .3

M arch 2------------------------ The u n ion 's ap p eal from the d is t r ic t co u rt in ju n ction w as d en ied by the U. S. C ir cu it C ourt o f A p p ea ls in N ew Y ork.

1 The dispute at the Dunkirk plant was included in the President's certification to the Wage Stabilization Board, on December 22, 1951, of disputes involving basic steel companies and the Steelworkers. This dispute, however, was treated separately from the basic steel dispute. Subsequently, a separate WSB panel held extensive hearings in the Dunkirk dispute, but before it could formulate its recommendations, the Defense Production Act was amended, effective July 1, 1952, to abolish the Board's disputes authority.

2 The Executive order establishing the Board did not apply to disputes involving the Steelworkers at the company's plants in Auburn and Schenectady, N .Y . (producers of diesel engines, Army tanks, and diesel locomotives). Approximately 1,000 production and clerical workers at the Auburn plant went on strike October 20, 1952. Two days later, about 6,800 production woricers walked out at the Schenectady plant; some 500 office workers at 1he plant joined the strike on December 8. The walkouts were called to enforce demands similar to those involved in the dispute at the Dunkirk plant.

3 The settlement covered the company's Auburn and Schenectady, N .Y ., plants, as well as the Dunkirk, N .Y ., plant. Following ratification of the settlement by union members at each of the three plants in late February and early March, separate agreements were reached on certain local issues and on distribution of the "package" adjustment among wage increases and fringe benefits. Employees on strike at the Auburn and Schenectady plants were back at work by March 2 and March 9, respectively.


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11. L o n g sh o r em en 's D isp u te on the A tla n tic C o ast, 1953— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 'sA s s o c ia t io n (In d .), In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A ss o c ia t io n (A FL)

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies

O ctob er 1, 1 9 5 3 .._____ W ork stop p age of 3 0 ,0 0 0 d o ck w ork ers b eg an in A tla n tic C o ast p o r ts a fter the N ew Y ork Shipping A sso c ia t io n and the ILA (Ind.) fa ile d to a g r ee on a new co n tra ct. A union r iv a lr y d isp u te a ls o e x is te d , in v o lv in g the ILA (Ind.) and the n ew ly c r ea ted ILA (A F L ). B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: D avid L . C o le , fo r m e r d ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , ch a irm an ; D r. H a rry J . C arm an, dean e m e r itu s of C olum bia C o lleg e at C olum bia U n iv e r s ity , N ew Y ork C ity , and a m em b e r of the N ew York State M ed iation S e r v ic e ; R ev. D en n is J. C o m ey , S .J ., d ir e c to r of the In stitu te of In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , St. J o se p h 's C o lle g e , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .

O ctob er 5_____________ R ep ort of the B oard su b m itted to th e P r e s id e n t sta ted that the im p a ct of the stop p age w a s " e x tr e m e ly se r io u s" and that the p o s s ib il i ty of gettin g th e m en back to w ork through c o l le c t iv e b arg a in in g w as rem o te . F o llo w in g th e B o a rd 's r e p o r t, the P r e s id e n t in s tr u c te d th e A tto rn ey G en era l to apply fo r a co u rt in ju n ction . A tem p o r a ry 1 0 -d a y r e s tra in in g o r d er w a s is s u e d by Judge E dw ard W ein feld in the U.S. D is tr ic t C ourt in N ew Y ork C ity . The union im m e d ia te ly o rd ered a retu rn to w ork; m o st of the lo n g sh o rem en rep o rted for w o rk O ctob er 6.

O ctob er 1 5___________ The tem p o r a ry in ju n ction a ga in st the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) w a s ex ten d ed 10 d ays to O ctob er 25. At the re q u est of the J u s t ic e D ep artm en t, it w a s b ro ad en ed to in clu d e the r iv a l lo n g sh o r e m e n 's union r e c e n t ly ch a r tere d b y the A F L .

O ctob er 20 An 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction (ex p ir in g D e cem b e r 24) w a s is s u e d in N ew York C ity b y Judge W einfeld b arr in g any s tr ik e along th e E a st C oast by the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.).

O ctob er 2 2 ____________ The N ew Y ork Shipping A sso c ia t io n p e tit io n e d the N a tion a l L abor R ela tio n s B oard to conduct an im m ed ia te p o ll of the d ock w o rk ers in the P o r t of New York to d e ter m in e w h eth er th ey p r e fe r r e d r e p resen ta tio n b y the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) or the new A F L In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A sso c ia t io n .

O ctob er 2 3 ____________ Judge W einfeld s ig n ed an o r d er ex ten d in g th e 8 0 - day in ju n ction to the ILA (A F L ) sta tin g that the group w a s a p arty to the o r ig in a l d isp u te and that it w a s in v o lv ed in the g e n e r a l c o l le c t iv e b arga in in g situ atio n .

O ctob er 2 6 ____________ The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n announced that it w a s re su m in g n eg o tia tio n s w ith the ILA (Ind.) at the r e q u est of th e union , but that no a g r eem e n t cou ld be con clu d ed u n til the NLRB d e ter m in ed w h ich union w a s to b e b arga in in g agent.

N o v em b er 8___________ The C h airm an of the N ew York Shipping A ss o c ia t io n u rg ed P r e s id e n t E isen h o w er to d ir e c t the NLRB to ex p ed ite an e le c t io n so that the e m p lo y e r s cou ld know, not la te r than D ecem b e r 1, w ith w h ich union th ey w e r e to d ea l.


12

11. L o n g sh o rem en 's D isp u te on the A tlan tic C o ast, 1953— In tern ation a l L on g sh o rem en 'sA s s o c ia t io n (ind. ), In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A FL)

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

N o v e m b e r 16, 1 9 5 3 ___ N L R B o p e n e d h e a r i n g s o n a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n e l e c t i o n . T h e N e w Y o r k S h ip p in g A s s o c i a t i o n p r o p o s e d t h a t th e B o a r d c a l l f o r a v o t e b y a l l d o c k w o r k e r s in th e P o r t o f N e w Y o r k ; t h e L o n g s h o r e m e n 's U n io n (A F L ) p r o p o s e d t h a t o n ly l o n g s h o r e m e n in t h a t p o r t b e i n c l u d e d ; a n d th e IL A ( In d .) p r o p o s e d t h a t a l l d o c k w o r k e r s f r o m M a in e to V i r g i n i a b e d e c l a r e d e l i g i b l e to v o t e in th e e l e c t i o n .

N o v e m b e r 20 A s th e h e a r i n g s c o n t in u e d , th e IL A (A F L ) f i l e d w ith th e N L R B u n f a i r l a b o r p r a c t i c e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t b o th th e N e w Y o r k S h ip p in g A s s o c i a t i o n a n d th e IL A ( I n d . ) . ( T h e A F L u n io n h e ld t h a t th e A s s o c i a t i o n h a d d o m i n a t e d a n d g iv e n f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e to th e IL A ( I n d .) . I t c h a r g e d t h a t th e i n d e p e n d e n t u n io n h a d e x a c t e d m o n e y f r o m th e s h ip p in g g r o u p f o r s e r v i c e s n o t p e r f o r m e d . )

N o v e m b e r 24 T h e N L R B s e t D e c e m b e r 16 a n d 17 a s th e d a t e s f o r a c o a s tw i d e b a l l o t o n th e q u e s t i o n o f a c c e p t in g th e e m p l o y e r s ' " l a s t o f f e r . "

D e c e m b e r 3. T h e B o a r d o f I n q u i r y r e c o n v e n e d in N e w Y o r k C i ty . T h e N e w Y o r k S h ip p in g A s s o c i a t i o n r e i t e r a t e d i t s " l a s t o f f e r . "

D e c e m b e r 4. T h e B o a r d o f I n q u i r y r e p o r t e d to th e P r e s i d e n t t h a t a s t r i k e w a s l i k e ly to o c c u r D e c e m b e r 2 4 a t th e e x p i r a t i o n o f th e in ju n c t i o n . T h e B o a r d s t a t e d t h a t th e i s s u e o f u n io n r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o v e r s h a d o w e d a l l o t h e r s . I t a l s o s t a t e d t h a t a n y " l a s t o f f e r " o f th e e m p l o y e r s w o u ld p r o b a b l y b e r e j e c t e d .

D e c e m b e r 11 T h e N L R B c a n c e l e d th e s c h e d u l e d r e f e r e n d u m o n th e e m p l o y e r s ' " l a s t o f f e r . "

D e c e m b e r 17 T h e N L R B s c h e d u l e d a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n e l e c t i o n f o r D e c e m b e r 22 a n d 23 , to in c l u d e l o n g s h o r e m e n a n d o t h e r d o c k w o r k e r s in th e P o r t o f N e w Y o r k ; b u t e x c lu d e d th o s e w h o h a d w o r k e d f e w e r th a n 7 0 0 h o u r s in th e y e a r e n d in g S e p t e m b e r 3 0 , 1 9 5 3 , a s w e l l a s t h o s e w h o h a d n o t r e g i s t e r e d f o r e m p lo y m e n t a s r e q u i r e d in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y . 1

D e c e m b e r 24 O u tc o m e o f e l e c t i o n h e ld D e c e m b e r 22 a n d 23 w a s a n n o u n c e d a s 9 , 060 v o t e s f o r IL A ( I n d . ) , 7 ,5 6 8 f o r IL A ( A F L ) , 95 f o r n o u n io n , a n d 4 , 4 0 5 c h a l l e n g e d .

D e c e m b e r 3 1 ---------------- A F L P r e s i d e n t G e o r g e M e a n y p e t i t i o n e d to N L R B to s e t a s i d e th ee l e c t i o n , c h a r g i n g v i o l e n c e a n d i n t i m i d a t i o n a g a i n s t A F L m e m b e r s b y th e r i v a l u n io n . 2

1 Under bi-State legislation enacted in June 1953, which was designed to deal with waterfront corruption, the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor took control of longshore hiring in the port on December 1, 1953.

2 On April 1, 1954, the NLRB invalidated the December representation election and ordered a new election.


13

S u m m ary of D ev e lo p m en ts in 1954A b r ie f su m m a ry of m ajor 1954 d ev e lo p m en ts co m p letin g the h is to r y of th is p ro lon ged

d isp u te fo llo w s . T h ese ev en ts in vo lved fu rth er ac tion by the N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard and the co u r ts , but did not r e su lt in a re in v o c a tio n of the n ation a l em e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s of the L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s (T a ft-H a r tley ) A ct.

The N ew York w a ter fro n t d ispute b etw een the old ILA and the new A F L union contin ued in e a r ly 1954. The A F L union p etitio n ed the NLRB to se t a s id e th e r e p resen ta tio n e le c t io n on the ground that c o e r c io n and in tim id a tio n had p rev en ted a fr e e e x p r e s s io n of the w o rk ers' w ill .

U nfair lab or p r a c t ic e c h a r g e s w e r e f i le d by the ILA (Ind.) a g a in st G overnor D ew ey and A F L P r e s id e n t G eorge M eany, w ith the b a s ic co m p la in t that th ey had conspired to in te r fe r e w ith fr e e ch o ice in th e re p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n . The N LRB re g io n a l d ir e c to r in New Y ork C ity, on Jan u ary 11, re co m m en d ed that the B oard vo id the e le c t io n . On F eb ru a ry 17, th e NLRB o r d ere d a fu ll h ea r in g on c h a rg e s of in tim id ation in th e N ew York w a terfron t e le c t io n .

In February, a ls o , m e m b e r s of the ILA (Ind.) re fu sed to w o rk on the M oore M cC orm ack L in es p ier in N ew York b e c a u se an ILA (A F L ) shop stew ard w a s em p lo yed . S u b seq u en tly , th is p ier w a s p ick eted by m e m b e r s of the ILA (A FL) a fter the stew ard w a s d is m is s e d . M em b ers of the T e a m s te r s Union (A F L ) r e fu sed to c r o s s th e p ick et lin e . In r e ta lia tio n , the ILA (Ind.) d ec la re d a b oy co tt of a ll tru ck fre ig h t handled by the T e a m s te r s un ion , w h ich , in tu rn , p ick eted the d ock s.

The NL R B on M arch 4 obtained a tem p o r a ry F e d e r a l cou rt r e s tr a in in g o r d er , under the seco n d a ry b o y co tt p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a r tley A ct, d ir e c t in g the ILA (Ind.) and eight of it s N ew Y ork and N ew J e r s e y lo c a ls to avoid s tr ik e s or o th er in te r fe r e n c e w ith the load in g or unloading of tru ck s at the p ie r s . M em b ers of th is union stopped a ll w ork in the N ew Y ork p ort on the fo llo w in g day in d efia n ce of th e co u rt o r d er . T h is w ork stoppage contin ued in to e a r ly A p ril.

The A rm y, on M arch 16, began h ir in g d o ck w o rk ers , under c iv i l s e r v ic e r u le s , to load troo p and ca rg o sh ip s . S e v e r a l thousand m em b e rs of the ILA (A FL ) rep o rted for w ork at o th er p ie r s a s s u r e d of p o lic e p ro tec tio n . H o w ev er, the stop p age rem a in ed portw id e m o st of the m onth , w ith o c c a s io n a l v io le n t c la s h e s b etw een m e m b e r s of the tw o lo n g sh o re u n ion s.

The N ew York Shipping A sso c ia t io n , on M arch 25, o ffere d a 1 0 -ce n t h o u r ly pack age in c r e a s e , r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953, to a ll lo n g sh o rem en who retu rn ed to th e ir jo b sby the end of th e m onth. H ow ev er , the o ffer fa ile d to induce a g e n e r a l b ack -to-w ork m ov em en t.

On A p ril 1, th e NLRB s e t a s id e the D ecem b er 1953 re p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n and o r d ere d a n ew p o ll. The B oard in d ica ted that the ILA (Ind.) w ould be o m itted fro m the b a llo t if it did not c e a s e "conduct d es ig n e d to th w art or ab u se p r o c e s s e s of the B oard ." The N ew York State S uprem e C ourt, on A p ril 2, a ls o o rd ered the union to c a ll off the s tr ik e , and th e u n ion 's p r e s id e n t in s tr u c te d h is m e m b e r s to retu rn to th e ir job s.

A F e d e r a l d is tr ic t cou rt judge in M ay le v ie d f in e s of $ 5 0 , 000 on the n ation a l ILA (Ind.) and s m a lle r am ou n ts on eigh t of it s lo c a ls , and sen ten ced th ree lo c a l o f f ic e r s to p r iso n te r m s fo r con tem p t of cou rt. (T he N L R B had p etition ed the cou rt for co n tem p t ac tion after the M arch sto p p age o c cu rr ed in d efian ce of the M arch 4 in ju n ction .) The cou rt gran ted the p etitio n sought b y the D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e to put the union into r e c e iv e r s h ip to im p ro ve the G ov ern m en t's ch a n ces of c o lle c t in g the f in e s .

The seco n d NLRB e le c t io n w as h eld on M ay 26 w ith the fo llow in g r e su lts : ILA (Ind.)9 ,1 1 0 v o te s ; ILA (A FL) 8 ,7 9 1 ; n e ith e r union 51; vo id ed 49; and ch a llen g ed 1, 797.

On A u gust 27, 1954, a fter n e a r ly a y ea r of b itte r s tr u g g le , the ILA (Ind.) w a sc e r t if ie d by the NLRB a s c o lle c t iv e b arga in in g agent fo r lo n g sh o rem en in the P o r t of N ew York. D uring th is in te r v a l no fo r m a l co n tract e x is te d co v er in g lo n g sh o re o p era tio n s in the port.


14

Sum m ary o f D e v e lo p m en ts in. 1954— ContinuedE a r ly in S ep tem b er , the ILA (In d .) began n eg o tia tio n s w ith the N ew Y ork Shipping

A sso c ia t io n . In it ia l d em an d s in clu d ed a w age in c r e a s e of 10 ce n ts an hour and a 3 -c e n t in c r e a s e in h ea lth and w e lfa r e co n tr ib u tio n s, both r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953. L a ter in the m onth , the union lo w ere d it s d em an d s fo r r e tr o a c t iv e in c r e a s e s to 8 cen ts in d ir e c t w a g es and 2 c e n ts in w e lfa r e fund co n tr ib u tio n s. The un ion sou gh t to l im it in it ia l n eg o tia tio n s to the s e tt le m e n t o f the r e tr o a c t iv ity but the a s s o c ia t io n con ten d ed that dem ands could not be sep a r a ted fro m n eg o tia tio n s for a n ew co n tra ct and the ap pointm ent o f a w ork ing a r b itr a to r to handle "quickie" s tr ik e s in the p ort.

A 2 -d a y s tr ik e o f 25, 000 N ew Y ork d o ck w o rk ers ended O ctob er 6 a fter the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n a g reed to g iv e the lo n g sh o rem en an 8 -c e n t h ou rly w age in c r e a s e r e t ro a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953. In turn, the ind ep en d en t lo n g sh o r e m e n ’s union p led ged not to s tr ik e aga in fo r 45 d ays, pending n eg o tia tio n s on a new co n tra ct.

On D e c e m b e r 31, a g r eem e n t w as rea ch ed on a n ew 2 -y e a r co n tra ct, w h ich w as ra tif ie d by r a n k -a n d -file union m e m b e r s on Jan uary 5, 1955. The new co n tr a c t in clu d edp r o v is io n s fo r a union shop; a 7 -c e n t h ou rly w age in c r e a s e r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1954,w ith an ad d ition a l 6 cen ts in O ctob er 1955; and a l ib e r a liz e d p en sio n and w e lfa r e p lan .

12. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arb id e and C arbon C h em ica ls Co. , a D iv is io n o f U nion C arb id e and C arbon C orp. v . U nited G as, Coke

and C h em ica l W ork ers (CIO) 1

Ju ly 6, 1 9 5 4 --------------- B oard o f Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te and re p o r t on the lab o r d isp u te at Oak R id ge, Term ., and P aducah, K y., f a c i l i t ie s of the A to m ic E n ergy C o m m iss io n . The i s s u e w as th e am ount o f a p ro p osed a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w a ge in c r e a s e . M em b ers: T. K eith G lennan, p r e s id e n t of the C a se In stitu te o f T ech n ology , ch a irm an ; John F . F lo b er g , a ttorn ey , W ashington , D . C. ; P au l H. S a n d ers , p r o f e s s o r o f law at V an d erb ilt U n iv e r s ity .

Ju ly 7 -------------------------- W ork stop p age in v o lv in g 4, 500 p ro d u ction w o rk er s r e p r e se n te d by the U nited G as, Coke and C h em ica l W o rk ers (CIO), at Oak R id ge, Term., and Paducah , K y., b eg an w ith the r e je c t io n of a 6 -c e n t h ou rly a c ro ss-th e -b o a rd w age in c r e a s e p r e v io u s ly reco m m en d ed by the A tom ic E n erg y L abor M an agem en t R e la tio n s P a n e l. The em p lo y er had a g reed to the w age in c r e a s e .

Ju ly 9-------------------------- The S e c r e ta r y of L abor and u n ion o f f ic ia ls p ro p osed a G overn m en t r e v ie w o f h ou sin g , h ea lth , and co m m u n ity fa c i l i t ie s and o th er p ro b lem s a ffec tin g the w e lfa r e o f the w o rk er s and th e ir fa m ilie s . The S e c r e ta r y of L abor a ls o announced that a study w ould be in itia ted to s e e k im p ro v em en t of lab or m an a g em en t r e la t io n s in the a to m ic en erg y f ie ld .

Ju ly 1 0 ----------------------- The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that a " sta te of c r is i s " had not b een rea ch ed but that it s e e m e d in ev ita b le i f the s tr ik e contin ued . The w o rk er s retu rn ed to th e ir job s that day and the G overn m en t p ostp on ed obtain in g an 8 0 -d ay in ju n ction .

A u gust 11-------------------- T em p o rary r e s tr a in in g o r d er , e f fe c t iv e fo r 10 d a y s, is su e d by the F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in K n o x v ille , T enn., to a v e r t a th rea ten ed s tr ik e .

S ee footn ote at end of ta b le .


15

12. A to m ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arbide and Carbon C h em ica ls C o ., a D iv is io n of Union C arb ide and Carbon Corp. v. United G as, Coke

and C h em ica l W ork ers (C IO )1— C ontinued

O ctob er 11, 1954_____ B oard of Inquiry rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the v ie w s of the em p lo y er and the union rem a in ed unchanged.

O ctob er 21—22_________ The N L R B cond u cted a s e c r e t b a llo t of e m p lo y e e s on the a ccep ta n ce or r e je c t io n of th e e m p lo y e r 's " la st o ffer" of a 6 -c e n t h ou rly w age in c r e a s e e ffe c t iv e A p r il 15, 1954. The w o rk er s voted to r e je c t the offer .

O ctob er 3 0 ____________ The 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction w a s d is so lv e d .

N o vem b er 7 A g reem en t rea ch ed on a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w a ge in c r e a s e of 6 cen ts an hour e f fe c t iv e A p r il 15, 1954, and an ad d ition al 4 c e n ts , e ffe c t iv e Jan u ary 15, 1955. H olid ay pay p r a c t ic e w a s adju sted to p er m it the o b ser v a n ce of c e r ta in re co g n ized h o lid a y s on F r id a y w hen th ey fa l l on Saturday.

1 There were two separate members of the Board of Inquiry were also conducted separately.

disputes affecting employees of the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (See No. 13.) Although the were identical in each case, the Boards were created by separate Executive orders and their hearings

13. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arbide and Carbon C h em ica ls C o ., a D iv is io n of Union C arb ide and C arbon C orp. v . A tom ic T ra d es and L abor C ou n cil (A FL) 1

Ju ly 6, 1 9 5 4 __________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te and rep o rt on the lab o r d isp u te at Oak R idge N a tion al L ab orato ry and other fa c i l i t ie s of th e A to m ic E n erg y C o m m iss io n at Oak R id ge, Tenn. The p r in c ip a l is s u e in the d isp u te w a s the am ount of a p ro p osed a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w a ge in c r e a s e . M em b ers; T. K eith G lennan, p r e s iden t of the C a se In stitu te of T ech n o lo gy , ch a irm an ; John F . F lo b e r g , a tto rn ey , W ashington, D .C .; P au l H. S a n d ers , p r o fe s s o r of law at V an d erb ilt U n iv ers ity .

Ju ly 19------------------------- B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that no im m ed ia te th rea t o f a w ork stop p age ex is te d .A u gust 18__________ ___ A g reem en t rea ch ed on a 6 -c e n t h ou r ly w age in c r e a s e , e f fe c t iv e

A p ril 15, 1954, w ith a w age reop en in g on Jan u ary 15, 1955.N o vem b er 8 A g reem en t reach ed on a 4 -c e n t h o u r ly w age in c r e a s e , e f fe c t iv e

Jan u ary 15, 1955, and an ad ju stm en t in h o lid a y pay p r a c t ic e to p er m it the o b ser v a n ce of c e r ta in re c o g n iz e d h o lid a y s on F r id a y w h en th ey fa l l on Saturday.

* There were two separate disputes affecting employees of the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (See No. 12.) Although die members of the Board of Inquiry were identical in each case, the Boards were created by separate Executive orders and iheir hearings were also conducted separately.


14. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on th e A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1956—57— In tern ation al L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n ( in d .) v . sh ip p in g

16

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies

N o vem b er 16, 1956___ W ork stop p age o f a p p ro x im a te ly 60, 000 d o ck w o rk ers b eg an a fter the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n and th e ILA (In d .) fa iled to r e a ch a g r eem e n t on te r m s o f a n ew co n tra ct. 1 D isa g r e e m e n t o v er the a p p ro p r ia te b arga in in g unit, w a ge in c r e a s e s t ied to len g th o f co n tra c t, s lin g lo a d l im ita t io n s , 8 -h o u r w ork g u a ra n tee s , and gang s iz e led to fa ilu r e of p r e s tr ik e n eg o tia tio n s .

N o vem b er 2 1 --------------- At r e q u e s t of N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard , Judge F r e d r ic k Van P e lt B ryan , U. S. D is t r ic t C ourt fo r S outhern N ew Y ork, is s u e d a tem p o ra ry o r d er r e s tr a in in g the ILA (In d .) from contin u ing dem and that the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n n eg o tia te a co a stw id e co n tr a c t.

N o vem b er 2 2 --------------- B oard o f Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t and h ea r in g s b eg an in W ashington, D .C . M em b ers: T hom as W. H olland, P r o fe s s o r o f L abor E co n o m ic s and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , G eorge W ashington U n iv e r s ity , W ashington, D .C ., ch a irm an ; A rth ur S tark , E x ecu tiv e S e c r e ta r y , N ew Y ork B oard o f M ediation; Jacob J. B la ir , P r o fe s s o r of Indu stry , U n iv e r s ity of P ittsb u rg h , P ittsb u rg h , P a .

N o vem b er 2 4 --------------- The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the "con tinu ation of th is (in d u stry w id e bargain in g) i s s u e as an u n se ttled m a tter i s p rev en tin g the co m p le tio n o f c o l le c t iv e b a rg a in in g co n tr a c ts in a ll p o r ts . " Im m e d ia te ly fo llow in g th e B o a rd 's rep ort, the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e to p e tit io n th e ap p rop ria te d is t r ic t co u rt fo r an in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e . A 10-d a y r e s tr a in in g o r d er w as is su e d by Judge B ryan . The union o r d ere d a re tu rn to w ork; m o s t of the lo n g sh o rem en rep o rted for w ork N o v em b er 26.

N o vem b er 3 0 --------------- O r ig in a l 10 -d ay r e str a in in g o rd er ex ten d ed to the fu ll 8 0 -d a y p er io d au th or ized by the L abor M an agem en t R e la tio n s (T a ft-H a r tle y ) A ct by Judge B ryan ; he ac ted o r a lly a s the w ave of slow d ow n s and r e fu s a ls of lo n g sh o rem en to w ork during the noon hour and at n ight re p o rted ly contin ued for the seco n d day.

D e c e m b e r 4 ----------------- Judge B ryan s ig n ed ex te n s io n order is s u e d on N o v em b er 30, p ro h ib itin g the union from "taking p a rt in any s tr ik e in the m a r it im e in d u stry in the U nited S ta tes" and d ir e c t in g the union to in s tr u c t its m e m b e r s to re tu rn to w ork. O rder p ro v id ed that any in c r e a s e s in w a g es , p e n s io n s , and w e lfa r e co n tr ib u tio n s would be r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1.

D ecem b e r 1 2 --------------- Judge B ryan is su e d tem p o ra ry in ju n ction p ro h ib itin g the ILA (In d .) from in s is t in g upon in d u stry w id e b a rga in in g in i t s n eg o tia tio n s w ith N ew Y ork em p lo y e r s ; the in ju n ction to con tin u e in fo r c e u n til NLRB ru led on N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n 's ch a rg e o f unfa ir lab o r p r a c t ic e s . B oard had tw ice d ec id ed that b arg a in in g fo r em p lo y e e s of N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n should be lim ite d to P o rt o f N ew Y ork .

January 3, 1 9 5 7 --------- ILA (Ind.) and N ew Y ork w a ter fro n t e m p lo y e r s conducted f ir s t s e r io u s jo in t n eg o tia tin g s e s s io n s in c e N o vem b er 19.

Jan uary 1 5 ------------------ The F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e su g g e ste d a rb itra tio n to s e t t le d isp u te . C o u n se l for un ion req u ested P r e s id e n t to appoint a factfin d in g c o m m is s io n .

Jan uary 1 6 ------------------ N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard tr ia l e x a m in er recom m en d ed that fu ll B oard b ar u n ion 's u se o f e c o n o m ic p r e s s u r e , in clu d in g a s tr ik e , to fo r c e sh ip p er s to a g r e e to co n tr a c t co v er in g m o r e than P o rt o f N ew Y ork, on the ground that the u n io n 's dem and for co a stw id e co n tra ct, w h ile sh ip p er s in s is te d on co n fin in g n eg o tia tio n s to ce r t ify in g a b a r gain in g un it (N ew Y ork and v ic in ity ) , am ounted to r e fu sa l to b arga in , and w as th e r e fo r e an u n fa ir la b o r p r a c t ic e .

S ee footn ote at end of ta b le .


17

14. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1956—57— In tern ation a lL o n g sh o r em en ’s A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) v . sh ipp ing

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

Jan u ary 18, 1957 S e c r e ta r y of L abor M itch e ll, ac tin g for th e P r e s id e n t , r e je c te d the u n ion 's r e q u e st fo r e s ta b lish m en t of fa ctfin d in g c o m m is s io n , c itin g p r o c e d u r e s p rov id ed by T a ft-H a r tley L aw and u rg in g em p lo y e r s and union to contin ue n eg o tia tio n s .

Jan u ary 2 2 ___,_________ N ew Y ork Shipping A sso c ia t io n and o th er p ort em p lo y er grou p s p r e se n te d fin a l t e r m s fo r se tt le m e n t to P r e s id e n t ia l B oard of Inquiry. N atio n al L abor R e la tio n s B oard announced d o ck w o rk ers w ould v o te on e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer" at p o r ts from P o rtla n d , M aine, to B r o w n sv ille , T ex ., F eb ru a ry 4 through F eb ru a ry 7, 1957.

Jan u ary 2 3 ------------------ B oard re p o rted to the P r e s id e n t on th e em p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer s ."Jan u ary 3 1 ------------------ F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e p ro p osed fo rm u la for

se ttle m en t.F eb ru a ry 2_______ _____ F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e fo rm u la w a s w ithdraw n

pending the outcom e of the w o rk er s' v o te on em p lo y ers ' " la st o ffers ."F eb ru a ry 5____________ U.S. C ourt of A p p ea ls u n an im ou sly upheld Judge B ry a n 's D e cem b e r

o rd er p ro h ib itin g the ILA (Ind.) fro m dem anding that em p lo y e r s b a rga in on a co a stw id e s c a le .

F e b r u a r y 7 D ock w o rk ers r e je c te d e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffers" by a vote of 14, 458 to 1, 185, w ith 416 b a llo ts vo id ed or ch a llen g ed . N ew York Shipping A ss o c ia t io n o ffere d to su b m it the d isp u te to a rb itra tio n .

F eb ru a ry 8___________ ILA (Ind.) r e je c te d the em p lo y ers ' o ffer to a r b itr a te .F eb ru a ry 9 Union and em p lo y e r s a g r eed to n eg o tia te on b a s is of F e d e r a l M ediation

and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e p ro p o sa l of Jan u ary 31, 1957.F eb ru a ry 1 2 __________ About 35, 000 d ock w ork ers again stopped w ork at A tlan tic C o ast p o rts

fro m P o rtla n d , M ain e, to H am pton R o ad s, V a ., as 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction ex p ired . 2

F eb ru a ry 1 3 __________ 8 0 - day in ju n ction w a s fo r m a lly d isch a r g ed by cou rt action .F eb ru a ry 17 A g ree m e n t on te r m s of a 3 -y e a r " m aster" co n tra ct rea ch ed betw een

the ILA (Ind.) and New Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , su b ject to ra tif ica tio n by ILA m em b e rsh ip .

F eb ru a ry 1 9 __________ D isa g r e e m e n t ov er co n tract te r m s at P h ila d e lp h ia , B a lt im o r e , and N o rfo lk contin ued to id le d ock w o rk ers at A tla n tic C oast p o rts fro m M aine to V irg in ia .

F eb ru a ry 2 2 ---------------- A g ree m e n t rea ch ed on te r m s of a new co n tr a ct in N o rfo lk , the la s t p ort to r e a c h a se ttle m e n t.

F eb ru a ry 2 3 __________ D o ck w o rk ers re tu rn ed to w o rk at a l l p o r ts . The " m aster" a g r eem e n t fo r a l l p o r ts fro m M aine to V irg in ia p ro v id ed h ou r ly w a g e -r a te in c r e a s e s of 18 ce n ts r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1956, and 7 cen ts m o r e in O ctob er 1957 and 1958; in c r e a s e d em p lo y er w e lfa r e c o n tr ib u tion s; and in clu d ed a c o s t -o f - l iv in g e s c a la to r c la u se . L o ca l a g r e e m en ts n eg o tia ted for ea ch p ort co v e r e d w o rk in g co n d itio n s , v a c a tio n s , h o lid a y s , and w e lfa r e and p en sio n b e n e fits .

1 Two contract extensions following the September 30 expiration date had kept dock employees working through November 15. Contracts were first extended after the National Labor Relations Board, on September 24, directed a representation election in the Port of Greater New York following filing of a petition .>y International Brotherhood of Longshoremen (AFL—CIO). On October 18, the NLRB announced that the ILA (Ind.) had won the election and was duly certified as collective bargaining agent for longshoremen. After the NLRB election, the New York Shipping Association filed charges with NLRB, alleging that the union was refusing to bargain in good faith because of its insistence on industrywide bargaining. Before striking, the union was prepared to accept a form of industry bargaining based on the employers' acceptance of certain issues.

2 New Orleans dockworkers signed a 3-year contract January 30; other locals from North Carolina to Texas quickly indicated that they would accept employers' terms.


18

15. A to m ic E n ergy D isp u te , 1957— O il, C h em ica l and A tom ic W orkers In tern ation a l U nion (AFLr-CIO) v . G oodyear A tom ic C orp. ,

a su b s id ia ry of the G oodyear T ire and R ubber Co.

M ay 10, 1957_________ Work stop p age id lin g a p p ro x im a te ly 1, 500 p rod u ction and m ain ten a n ce w o rk er s r e p r e se n te d by the O il, C h em ica l and A tom ic W orkers I n te r n ation a l U nion (A F L —CIO) b egan at the P o rtsm o u th p lan t o f the A tom ic E n erg y C o m m iss io n , op era ted by the G oodyear A tom ic C o r p ., n ea r W averly , O hio. On M ay 7, the union m em b e rsh ip v oted to r e je c t a n ew 3 -y e a r a g r eem e n t rea ch ed by the u n ion 's n eg o tia tin g co m m ittee and r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f the G oodyear A to m ic C orp. , b e c a u se o f d i s s a t is fa c t io n o v e r co n tra ct p r o v is io n s , in clu d in g w a ge in c r e a s e s , h ea lth and sa fe ty and se n io r ity p r o v is io n s , co n tr a c t len gth , and la ck o f job d e s c r ip t io n s .

M ay 1 4 ________________ B oard o f Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: Guy F a r m e r , fo r m e r ch a irm a n of the N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard , ch a irm an ; R. W. F lem in g , d ir e c to r , In stitu te of L abor and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , U n iv ers ity of I llin o is ; and G eorge S. B ra d le y , T oled o , O hio, a ttorn ey .

M ay 1 5 ________________ B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the i s s u e s in th e la b o r d isp u te w e re u n r eso lv ed and that the s tr ik e s e r io u s ly a ffec ted a su b sta n tia l p art of the a to m ic en erg y in d u stry and im p e r ile d the n ation a l sa fe ty . The P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the J u s t ic e D ep a rtm en t to s e e k an 8 0 -d ay in ju n ction to h a lt the s tr ik e . F e d e r a l Judge John H. D ru ffe l, C in cin n ati, O hio, is s u e d a 10-d ay in ju n ction o r d er in g the union m e m b e r s to re tu rn to w ork w ith in 24 h o u r s .

M ay 1 6 ________________M ay 2 3 -------------------------

U nion o rd ered w o rk ers b ack to w ork; by M ay 17, w o rk er s had re tu rn ed .D ir e c to r of F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e ask ed r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of the com pany and un ion to m e e t M ay 27, 1957, w ith a p an el of th ree m ed ia to rs to h e lp r e s o lv e the i s s u e s in d isp u te . With the co n se n t of a ll p a r t ie s , a