National Education System Slide 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS The
educational ideal of the Romanian school is the free, full and
harmonious development of human individuality, the formation of
autonomous personality and assuming a value system that is
necessary for personal fulfillment, development and employability.
Slide 3 The State shall ensure the Romanian citizens equal access
to all levels and forms of secondary and higher education and to
lifelong learning, without any forms of discrimination. In Romania
education is a national priority. Slide 4 Principles Some of the
principles governing school education and lifelong learning in
Romania are: the principle of equity - without discrimination; the
principle of quality; efficiency principle - which aims to achieve
maximum educational results; Slide 5 Guaranteeing the cultural
identity of all Romanian citizens and intercultural dialogue; the
principle of assuming, promoting and preserving national identity
and cultural values of the Romanian people; the principle of
recognizing and guaranteeing the rights of national minorities;
ensuring the principle of equal opportunities; Slide 6 The content
and format of education are established by Government decisions.
For national education funding is allocated annually from the state
budget and local government budgets, not less than 6% of gross
domestic product of the year. Education is free. Education can be
supported through scholarships, education loans, fees, donations,
sponsorships, own sources and other legal sources. Slide 7 In
Romania, the educational act can take place in Romanian, in
minority languages and in international languages. In schools,
learning the Romanian language as the official language is
compulsory for all Romanian citizens. Slide 8 The state supports
pupils with problems and social needs as well as those with special
educational needs. The state ensures scholarships to pupils and
students from poor families and also to those who are
institutionalized. The State shall grant prizes, scholarships,
camps and other incentives to pupils and students with school and
academic performance and outstanding results in their professional
education and training or cultural activities and sports. Slide 9
The State guarantees the right to education for all persons with
special educational needs. Special education and integrated
education are part of the national education system. Lifelong
learning is a right guaranteed by law. The State encourages the
development of public and private partnerships. Slide 10
PRE-UNIVERSITY SCHOOL EDUCATION The compulsory education route is
of 10 classes and comprises primary and secondary levels. The
obligation to attend 10 class education, in the form of full
frequency, stops at the age of 18. Slide 11 In order to achieve the
aims of education and training through the national education
system, state high schools are widespread and free. During
schooling in secondary education, except post-secondary education,
attendants benefit from state allowance for children under the law
conditions. Slide 12 Curricula of primary, secondary and vocational
school disciplines include religion as part of the core curriculum.
Students belonging to religions recognized by the state, regardless
of their number, are ensured their constitutional right to
participate in religion classes, according to their own confession.
Slide 13 Pre-university education system benefits from openness. In
school education, students transition from a school unit to
another, from one class to another, from one profile to another and
from one branch to another is possible under the conditions
stipulated by the methodology developed by the Ministry of
Education, Research, Youth and Sports. Slide 14 Students with
outstanding academic performance may promote 2 years of study in a
school year at the decision of the school, based on a methodology
approved by the Minister of National Education, Research, Youth and
Sports. Slide 15 The structure of the national pre-university
education system The national educational system consists of the
following levels: a) Early education (0-6 years), consisting of the
before pre-school level (0-3 year) and pre-school level (3-6
years), which includes the youngest, the middle and the oldest
groups; Slide 16 b) primary education, including a preparatory
class and classes I-IV; c) secondary education, including: i) lower
secondary education, including classes V to IX; i) upper secondary
education, including high school grades X-XII/XIII, with the
following areas: theoretical, vocational and technological; d)
vocational education, lasting between 6 months and 2 years; e)
nonuniversitar tertiary education, including post-secondary
education. Slide 17 Compulsory education comprises primary and
lower secondary education. The organization forms of school
education are categorized as full frequency and reduced frequency.
For children with special educational needs or homebound for
medical reasons education can be organized at home or around
nursing units. Slide 18 School Network In the pre-university system
study formations comprise groups, classes or years of study, as
follows: a) Pre-school education: a group comprises an average of 7
children, but not less than 5 and not more than 9 (0-3 years); b)
Pre-school education: a preschool group comprises on average 15
children, but not less than 10 and not more than 20 (3-6 years);
Slide 19 c) Primary: an average class comprises 20 students, but
not less than 12 and not more than 25; d) Secondary education: an
average class comprises 25 students, but not less than 12 and not
more than 30; e) High school: an average class comprises 25
students, but not less than 15 and not more than 30; f) Secondary
education: an average class comprises 25 students, but not less
than 15 and not more than 30; Slide 20 g) Special education for
students with mild or moderate disabilities: an average class
comprises 10 students, but not less than 8 and not more than 12; h)
Special education for students with severe disabilities: a group
contains an average of 5 students, but not less than four and not
more than 6. Notwithstanding the previous points, in localities
where there is demand for education in the mother tongue as in the
case of some national minorities, the number of formations of study
may be lower than the minimum stipulated by law. Slide 21
Pre-university school education curriculum The national curriculum
represents a coherent framework made of educational plans and
school study routes for pre-university education. The number of
hours allotted to disciplines from the framework curriculum is
maximum 20 hours per week at primary school, 25 hours per week at
secondary school and 30 hours per week in high school. These hours
are devoted to both teaching and assessment, as well as learning in
class, assisted by the teacher. Slide 22 Regarding the national
curriculum, compulsory disciplines have a share of 80% in the
framework curriculum within the compulsory education and 70% in
those at high school level. Concerning the same curriculum,
optional subjects have a share of 20% in the framework curriculum
for compulsory education and 30% in the high school. For each
discipline and field of study curriculum covers 75% of teaching
hours and assessment, the teacher being left with 25% of the
discipline / field time of study. The latter type of time can be
dedicated to remedial work or to stimulating performance. Slide 23
The national curriculum for primary and secondary education focuses
on eight areas of training key competencies determining the student
profile: a) communication skills in Romanian and in their native
language, if minorities; b) communication skills in foreign
languages; c) basic skills of Math, Science and Technology; d)
digital literacy to use information technology as a tool for
learning and knowledge; e) Social and civic competences; f)
entrepreneurial skills; g) cultural awareness and expression
skills; h) competence of learning to learn. Slide 24 Assessment of
learning outcomes The purpose of assessment is to guide and
optimize learning. Evaluation results are expressed in grades for
elementary school, or in marks (1 to 10) for secondary education.
Slide 25 Slide 26 Educational portfolio includes all diplomas,
certificates or other documents obtained by assessing the acquired
skills or by participating in learning activities in different
contexts, and it also includes products or outcomes of these
activities in formal, non- formal and informal learning. The
portfolio assessment is central to learning. It is used beginning
with the early classes and represents the student's educational
identity card. Slide 27 The structure and characteristics of
different assessments At the end of the eighth grade, based on a
methodology developed by the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth
and Sports, national assessment is rendered compulsory for all
students. Assessment results are expressed by a score similar to
that of the international tests. Evaluation is made through the
following tests: a) a written test in Romanian language and
literature; b) a written test in the mother tongue; c) a written
test in Mathematics; Slide 28 The admission in high schools is made
as function by the admission average, calculated as the sum of two
figures divided by two. The figures represent the average of the
last four years of study and the written exams average. After
completing secondary school, students attend high schools or
vocational schools. Students who have passed class XII / XIII will
take the national baccalaureate exam. The national baccalaureate
exam implies the following tests: Slide 29 A) for assessing
language skills in Romanian oral communication; B) oral
communication in the mother tongue for pupils who attended high
school in a minority language ; C) language competence assessment
in two foreign languages studied during high school; D) digital
skill assessment. E) Written assessment regarding skills acquired
during high school, as follows: a) written test in Romanian
language and literature; b) written test in mother tongue language
and literature; c) two written tests, differentiated by each
profile. Issuing of qualification certificates is not conditioned
by passing the baccalaureate exam. Slide 30 The presented material
has been inspired from the National Education Law no. 1/2011 Slide
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