IAS PASSED BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLYI

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to meet Pakistan's obligations under intemational conventions retating to ctimatechange and address the elfects of climate change

WHEREASit is expedient tomeet Pakistan's obligations under internationalconventions relating to climate change andto provide for adoption ofcomprehensive adaptation and mitigalion policies, plans, programmes, prolectsand other measures required to address the effects of climate change and fornatters connected tnerewrth and ancillary thereto.

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

l. Short title, extent and commencement.- (1) This Act may be calledthe Pakistan Climate Change Act, 2017

(2) lt extends to the whole of Pakistan.

(3) lt shall come into force at once.

2. Definltions,- ln this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the sublectoa context,-

(a) "adaptation" means adlustment in natural or human systems tnresponse to actual or expected climatic stimuli 0[ their elfects whichmoderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunjties:

(b) 'Authority" means the Pakistan Climate Change Authorityestablished under section 5;

(c) "Council" means the Pakistan Climate Change Council estabtishedunder section 3:

(d) "climate chaoge" means a change in the climate systern which iscaused by significant changes in the coneentration of greenhousega,seb as a direct or indirect consequence of human activilies andwhich is in addition to natural climate change that has beenobserved during a considerable period;

(e) "emissjons", in relation to a g.eenhouse gas, means emiss,ons ofthat gas into the atmosphere caused by human activityi

(f) "Fund" mears lhe Pakistan Climate Change Fund establishedunder sectiori 2;

(h) "greenhouse gas" means any gas that contributes to thegreenhouse effecl by absorbing infrared radiation produced by solarwarming of the earth's surlace and includes carbon dioxide,melhane, nlrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons,sulphur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride and any other direct or

indirect greerhouse gas as recognized by UNFCCC and IPCC fromtime to time:

(D "mitigatlon' nreans efforts that seek to prevent or slow down theincrease of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by

reducing current or future emissions and enhancing potential sinksfor greenhoulie gases,"prescribed" rneans prescribed by rules or regulalions made underthis Acti"rcgulations" meaos regulations made under this Act:

o

(k)

0)

(m)

(n)

"rules" meanr; rules made under this Act:

"Schedule' .reans a schedule to this Act and

'Trlbunal' m:ans the Environmental Tribunal set up under thePakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Act No. XXXIV OF1997) or the l)rovincial environmental protection laws.

(2) The expressions and words used but not de{ined in this Act shall

have the same meaning .,s in the Pakistan Environmental P.otection Act, 1997(Act No. XXXIV OF 1997).

CHAPTER IIPAKIS-AN CLIMATE CHANGE COUNCIL

3. Establishm€nt of the Pakistan Climale Change Council.- (1)

The Prime Minister shall, ty notification in the official Gazette, establish a Councilto be known as the Pakistan Climate Change Council consisting of a Chairperson\.vho shall be the Prime Mlnister or such other person as the Prime l\riniste. maynominate in this behalf and the folldwing members, namely:-

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(S) "Govemment means the F€deral Govemment;

(a) Federal Ministers of the Divisions allocated with the subjectsof climate change, finance, agriculture, food sesurity andresearch, planning, development and reform, petroleum and

natural resources, science and technology, water and power

and foreign affair:

(b) Chief lvlinisters of the Provinces;

(c) l\4inisters-in-charge of the department allocated with subjectoI environment in the Provinces:

(d) such other persons not exceeding thirty as the Prime Ministermay appoint, of which at least twenty shall be non-ofiicials,including representatives of tbe Chambers of Commerce andlndustry, non-governmental organizations concerned withclimate change, the environment and development and

scientists, researchers, technical experts and educationists,

(e) Chairman, National Disaster Management Authorityestablished under the National Disaster Management Act,2010 (XxlV o12010);

(0 Chairman, Pakistan Climate Change Authority; and

(S) Secretary ol the Division allocaled with the subject of climatechanoe, who shall also be the Secretary of the Council.

(2\ The Council may invite the Prime Minister, A2€d Jammu and

Kashmir and Chief Minister. Gilgit- Baltistan to participate in the meetings of the

Council as and when required;

(3) The Division allocated with the subject of climate change shall act

as Secretariat of the Council.

(4) Members of the Council, other than ex-officio members, shall beappointed in accordance with lhe prescribed procedure and shall hold office for aterm of three years.

(5) The Council shall hold meetings as and when necessary, but notless than two meetings shall be held in a year.

(6) The Council may constitute committees of its members and entrustthem with such functions as it may deem fit and the recommendations of thecammittees shall be submitted to the Council for approval.

(7) The Council or any of its committees may, for assistance inperformance of its functions, invite any technical expert or representative of any

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Government Agency or non-governmental organization or other person

posseBsing specialized knoldedge of any subject.

4. Functions anri powers ot the Council-- (1) The Council shall-

(a) co-ordir ate and supervise eoforcement of the provisions ofthis Act

(b) monitor implementation of international agreements relalingto climate change specifled in the Schedule;

(c) coordiflate, supervise and guide mainstreaming of climatechange concerns inlo decision-making by Federal andProvincial Govemment's ministries, divigions, departmentsand aslencies ao as to ;eate enabling conditions forintegraled climate-compatible and ctimate-resilientdevelotlment processes in various sectors of the economy;

(d) approve and monitor implementation of comprehensiveadaptalion and mitigation policies, strategies, plans

prograrnmes, projects and other measures formulated by theAuthority to meet Pakistan's obligations under internationalconventions and agreements relating to climate changeincluding in pafticular the Sustajnable Development Goals(SDGS I

(e) monitoi implementation of the National Adaptation Plan and

its crnstituent provincial and local adaptation action plans,

the National Appropriate Mitigatjon Actjon Framework and

National Communlcation sLlbmitted to the concernedSecretirriat of the United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change (UNFCCC);

approve guidelines for the protection and conservation ofrenewable and non-renewable resourc€s, species, habitats,

and bi,)diversity in general adversely affected or threatenedby clirrate change; and

(s) consider lhe'National Climate Change Report and give

appropriate directions thereon:

(2) The Council may, either itself or on the request of any person ororganization, direct the Authority or any Government Agency to prepare, submit,promote or implement projects for adaptation or mitigation of the adverse effectsof climate change, to promote climate-compatible, climate-resilient and

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sustrinable development or to undertake research in any aspect of clim8techange

CHAPTER IIIPAKISTAN CLIMATE CHANGE AUTHORITY

5. EstablishmGnt of the Pakistan Climate Change Authority,- (1)

The Minister-in"chargs of the Federal Government shall, by notification in theofficial Gazette, establish the Pakistan Climate Change Authority. hereinafterreferred to as the Authority, to exercise the powers and perform the functionsassigned to it under this Act and_lhe rules and regulations made thereunder.

(2\ The Authority shall be a body co.porate with perpetqal suecessronand a common seal and shall, in the said name, be capable of-

(a) suing and being sued;(b) acquiring or disposing of moveable and immovable property:(c) borrowing moneyl(d) entering into contractsi and(e) doing or pedorming all other things or acts necessary for the

proper discharge of its functions under this Act.

(3) The headquarters of the Authority shall be in lslamabad and theAuthority may establish offlces at other piaces as and when required.

6. Composition of the Authority.- (1)The Authority shall compnsethe Chaarperson, Member (Adaptation), Member (Mitigation), Member (Climale

Finance), Member (Coordination) and one Member from each province lo be

nominated by the respective Provincial Ministers-in-charge.

(3) The members including Chairperson of the Authority shall beappointed by the Prim6 Minister on such terms and conditions as he may deem

,lt, keeping in vaew their qualifications and experience.

(4) The Chairperson and members shall be scientists, academicians,professionals, serving or retired government servants. industrialists. agriculturistsor other technocrats with at least fifteen yea/s experience in lields related toclimate change and the environment, with a distinguished service record.

(5) lf the office of the Chairperson falls vacant for any reason, thesenior-most member shall act as Chairperson till such time as his successor isappointed.

(6) The Authorjty shali be properly constituted notwithstanding avacancy in the office ot the Chairperson or any member.

(71 The Authority rnay, for assistance in performance of its functions,invite a represenlative of any Government Agency or non-governmentral

organization or technical expe( or other person possessing specializedknowledge of any subject.

7. Officers and st ff ofth6 Authority- (1) All protessional, technical and

administrative officers and staff of the Authority shall be appointed by theAuthority, or obtained from other Federal or Provlncial Government agencies on

deputation basis. and shall be entitled to such salaries, allowances and other

terms and conditions of servi:e as may be prescribed by regulations:

(2) The Authority shall ensure that all appointments are made an a

transparent manner and adequate and equal treatment is given to women,minorities and disabled persons.

(3) The officers and staff of the Aulhority shall have such powers and

shall perform such functions as may be assigned to them by the Chairperson.

(4) The officers ard staff of the Authority shall aot in accordance withthe mandate assigned and tte directives given by the Chairperson.

8. Functions of tho Authority.-(1) Functions of the Authority shall be

to-(a) formulat,r, comprehensive adaptation and mitgation policies,

plans. programmes, projects and measures designed toaddress the effects oi climate change and meet Pakistan'sobligations under international conventions and agre€mentsrelating to climate change and within the f.amework of a

national ciimate changg policy as may be approved by theFederal 3ovemment from time to time:

(b) establisf institutional and poljcy mechanisms forimplementation of Fed€ral and provincial adaptation and

mitigation policies, plans, programmes, projects and

measur€s, including plans tor renewable energy and cleantechnology measures for energy efficiency and energyconservation and awareness-raising and capacity-building

ProgrammeS;(c) prepare suitable adaptatjon and mitigation projects for

submiss on to intemational and local institutions for funding,includinli the Clean Development Mechanism, GlobalEnvironnental Facility, Green Cliriate Fund and AdaptationFund;

(d) prepare the Nelonal Adaptation Plan and its constituentprovincial and local adaptation action plans, the Nationally

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Appropriate Mitigation Action Framework and the lntendedNationally Determined Contributions, Nationauy DeterminedConkibutions and National Communication to be submittedto the concerned Secretariat of the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change and monitorimplementation thereof ;

(e) carry out Technology Needs Assessment and prepare

Climate Change Technology Action Plan in accordance withinlernational best practices for seeking technical andfinancial support, amongst others, through the TechnologyMechanismi

(f) prepaie projects for funding under the Reducing Emissionsfrom Deforestation and Forest Degradatioo (REDD+)Mechanism;

G) prepare the National Climate Change Report forconsideration of the Council;

(h) formula[e, and after approval of the Council coo.dinateimplementation gf low carbon and green grcwth strategies;

(i) formulate guidelines for the protection and conservation ofrenewable and non-renewable resources, species, habitats,and biodiversity in general which are adversely affected orthreatened by climate change;

advise the Government regarding appropriate legislative,policy and implementation measures and actions relating to

disaster preparedness, capacity building, institutionalstrengthening and awareness raising in relevant sectorsaffected by climate change;

(k) advise the Government regarding implementation of

international conventions, treaties and agreements on

climate change and the environment to which Pakistan is apady and fulfill reporling requirements thereunder;

o design, establish and maintain a national registry and

database on greenhouse gas emissions in accordance withinternationally adopted emissions quantification

methodologies, standards and protocols;

(m) coordinate and monitor implementation of goals and

objectives and fulfill repodng and verification obligationsunder international conventions, treaties and agreements;

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()

(n) prepar3 policy papers and concept notes and provade

techni(ial input for formulatjng national policy positions forinternetional conferences or negotiations;

(o) coordirrate conduct of research on current and emergingissues of climate change, particularly assessment ofPakistan's vulnerability to climate change, identification ofclimat{, change opportunitjes and technolggy transfer, in

association with specialized research institutions and

dissenlinate research tindings and outputs to stakeholders,

(p) underlake education and awareness campaigns andprograms to enhance un;erstanding and awareness ofdifferent aspects of climate change and promote theirintegration in educational cunicula,

(q) work in collaboration with relevant Government Agenciesand non-governmental organlzations and after the conduct ofrelevant research and studies, set targets and coordinateactions for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and

devek)pment of carhon markets:

(r) design programmes providing for incentives relating tomatte-s of climate change, including incentives for reducedemissions from deforestation and degradation;

(s) mobilize resources for the purposes of achieving the objectsand pJrposes of this Act;

o regularly publish, update and disseminate, through electronicand cther means, climate change strategies, pglicies, plans,progr,rmmes and other informationt and

(u) perfo m such functions as may be assignod to it by theCouncil or by lhe Government for purposes of this Act.

12) To assist the Authority in the discharge of its functions, lheMlnister-in-charge of the Federal Government may establish AdvrsoryCommittees for various sectors and appoint as members thereof eminentrepresentatives of the relevant sector from educational inslilutions, researchinstitutes and non-govern'nental organizations.

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(3) ln the discharge of its functions the Authority shall be guided by,

amongst others,-

(a) the latest scientific knowledge and research relating toclimate change in general and renewable energy and cleantechnology in particular, environmental considerations,including likely impacls on ecosystems, bio-diversity andforestry and socio-economic development objectjves,including gender aspects; and

(b) policy advice of the Division allocated with the subject ofclimate chaige.

9. Annual repon.-(1) At the end ol each rinancial year, the Authorityshall prepare an annual report, which shallinclude-

(a) a description ofits activities;

(b) progress of rmplementation of major climate change actionsand dafficulties relating theretoi

(c) its plans for the next financial year;

(d) audited accounts of the Authority; and

(e) any other relevanl information relating to functioos of theAuthority.

(2) The report prepared under sub-section (1) shall be laid by theMinister-in-charge of the Government before the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament).

10, Powers ot the Authority.. (1) The Authority shall have all thepowers necessary to execute its functions under this Act.

(2) Wiihout prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), the Authorityshall have power to-

(a) manage, control and administer assets of the Authority in

such manner so as to best serve its functions and thepurposes of this Acti

(b) enter into contracts or e,stablish partnerships or associatewlth enlitres a1d organizations as it may @nsrder appropr.ate

to support its functions, provided thal agreement with foreigngovernmsnts and organizations shall be entered into only

with approval of the Government:

(c) where necessary or on request, provide services or give

guidanc(, to public and private entities in relation to climatecf|ange rnatters; and

(d) solicit, gather, obtain and verify any relevant information and

data fron any Federal or Provincial Ministry, Division orDepartment, or any public or private entity in connection withthe perfcrmance of the functions of the Authority.

'|.1, Functions and powers of the Chairp66on- (1) The Chairpersonshall be the chief execuUve of the Authority and shall, with lhe assistance of the

members,-(a) perform the functions and exercise the powers of the

Authont); and(b) discharge such duties and perform such functions as a.e

assigne(ilo him by the Council or by the Government.

(2) Until the Counoil is duly constituted, the Chairperson shall, subjectto such directions as the Government may give from time to time, pedom thefunctions and exercise the powers of the Council.

(3) The Chairperson may, by general or special order, delegate any ofhis functions or powers to officers or staff appointed under section 7.

12, Pakistan Clim,rte Change Fund.-(1) There is established a fund tobe known as the Pakistan Climate Change Fund, hereinafter referred as theFund.

(2) There shall be caid into the Fund-

(a) such m('nies as may be received by the Fund in the form ofdonatiorrs, endowments. grants and gifts from whateversource and speciflcally designated for the Fund;

(b) such suns of money as may be raised by the Authority forthe ex€cution'of the programmes and projects of theAuthority; and

(c) such m( nies as may, by or under any law, be payable to theFund.

(3) The Fund shall be utilized, in accordance with such procedure asmay be prescribed, for-

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CHAPTER IVPA.KIS'I'AN CLIMATE CHANGE FUND

(a) expenditure incurred by the Authority in the exercise,discharge and performance of its functioos;

(b) operational and administration expenses ol the Fund

(c) financial assistance to suitable adaptation and miligationprojects and measures designed to combat the adverseeffects of climate change, the sustainable development ofresources and for research in any aspect of climate change;and

(d) any other porpose which in the opinion of the Council shallhelp achieve the purposes of this Act.

t3. Management of the Fund.{1 ) The Fund shali be managed by theAuthodty,

lzt ln accordance with such procedure and such criteria as may beprescribed, the Authority shall have the power to-

(a) sanction financial assistance for eligible projects in

accordance with guidelines framed by th6 Council;

(b) invest moneys held in the Fund in such prorit-bearingGoyernment bonds, savings schemes and securities as itmay deem suitable; and

(c) take such measures and exercise such powers as may benecessary fo{ utilization of the Fund for the purposes

specilied in sub-section (3) of section 12.

(3) The ALrthority may congtjtute committees ot its members toLrndertake regular monitoring of projects financed from the Fund and submitprogress reports to the Authority.

(4) The Authority shall prepare an annual report incorporating itsannual audited accounts and performance evaluation based on the progressreports mentioned in sub-section (3).

CHAPTER VMISCELLANEOUS

11. lndomnity.-No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall

lie against the Federal and Provincial Governmenls, the Council, the Authority,the Chairperson, members, of{icers, employees, experts, advisers, committeesand consultants of the Federal Government or the Environmental Tribunal orEnvironmental Magistrates or any other person for anything which is in good faith

ll

done or intended to be dorE under this Act or the rules or regulations made

thereunder.

15. oues recoveEble as ar(rara of land revenue.-Any duesrecoverable by the Authorit, under this Act or the rules or regulations shall berecoverable as arrears of lard revenue.

16. Act to override other laws.- The provisions of this Act shall haveeflect notwithstanding anyth ng inconsistent therewith contaaned in any other lawfor the time being in force.

17. Power to make rules.-The Minister-in-charge of the FederalGovernment may, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules for carryingout the purposes of this Ac: , including rules for implementing the provisions ofthe lnternalional Agreem:nts relating to climate change specifred in theSchedule

18. Power to amand ths Schedulo._ The Minister-inrharge of theFederal Government may, by notification in the oflicial Gazette. amend theSchedule so as to add any €ntry thereto or modify or omit any entry therein.

19. Power to male r€gulations.--(1) For canying out lhe purposes ofthis Act, the Authorlty may by notilication in the offlcial Gazette and with theapproval of the lvlinister-in-('harge of the Federal Government, make regulationsnot inconsistent with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.

(2) ln particular and without preludice to the generality o{ the foregoingpower, such regulations ma/ provide for-

(a) submisliion of periodical reports, data or information by anyGovernnent agency, local authority or local council in

respect of matters relating to climate change;

(b) preparation of emergency conlingency plans for coping withextremr) climatic events, natural disasters and calamities,and

SCHEDULE(Siee sections 2,4, 17 and 18)

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(c) appointment of ofricers, advisers, experts, congultants and

employees.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),Rio De Janeiro, 1992 i

Kyoto Protocol lo the UNFCCC. 1997;

The Paris Agreement, 2015, and

Any other agreement relating to climate change to which Pakistan is a

signatory

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1.

2.

3.

4.

STATEME NT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

Pakistan's per capita emissions of greenhouse gases today is one of the lowest in the

world. Yet il ranks amongst the top k,n countries most affected by climate change during the last

twenty years. It now rsgularly auffers f'om tha vagaries of climate change, including climate-inducedphenomena such as recurrent floods, droughts, desertification, glacial melt, and sea-watorintrusion.

2. Extreme slimatic evonts have resulted in tragic loss of lives and colossal damage tothe economy. lndeed, they have significantly impeded our efforts to promote sustainable grolvth

and development and to ensure economic prosperity of the people.

3. The Framework for lm['lemantation of the National Climate Change Policy for theperiod 2014-2030 serves to integrate climate-friendly policies into our national and emnomicplanning. The Framework spells out appropriats adaptation actions as well as mitigation measurescovering all sectors of tho economy.

4. 'Vlsion 2025", out blurrprint for a fulure-orlented and groMh-cenlric roadmap forPakistan, clearly Iecognizes global warming and climate change as priority areas ior effective action

by the Government.

5. Pakistan is a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), 1992; and Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, 1997. lt is also initiated the process forratifying the Paris Agreement, 2015 v/hich recognizes that climate change represents an urgent andpotentially irreversible thrsat to huran societies and the planet and thus is a global challenge,requiring the widest possible cooperstion by all countries.

6. lmplementation of the IJNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement involv€s alarge number of comprehansive and extensive adaptation and mitigation actions across all sectorsof the economy. This is an enormou:; task which is of a multi-disciplinary, inter-provincial and inler-ministerlal nalure, requiring that it be d6alt with at the national level. There is also an urgent need toprepare, on priority basis, a portfo io of frojects for seeking funding from the potentially hugeamounts of global climate change tinanc6 likely to be availabie.

7. For the aforesaid purpcses amongst others, it is considered necessary to establish anindependent Pakistan Climate Change Authority which will, under the guidance of a high-poweredPakistan Climate Change Council (chaired by the Prime Minister and with representation from allProvinces, including the Chief Minilrters), provido a framework for mitigating and adapting to theeffects of the changing climate on various sectors of the economy and developing response

lq

1 lJnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),

Rio De Janeiro, 1992 ;

Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, 1997i

The Paris Agreement, 2015; and

Any other agreement relating to climate change to which Pakistan is a

signatory.

2

4

t3

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

Paklstan's por capita errissions of greenhouse gases today is one of the lowest in the

world. Yet it ranks amongst the top t'rn countries most affected by climate changB during the last

twenty years. lt now regularly suffers from thg vagaries of climate change, including climate-inducedphenomena such as recurrent flocds, droughts, desefiitication, glacial melt, and sea-waterinlrusion.

2. Extreme climatic eveots have resulted in tragic loss of lives and colossal damage tolhe economy. lndeed, they have sig,rificantly impeded our efforts to promote sustainable growth

and dovelopment and to ensure econr)mic prosperity of the people.

3. The Framework for lmplemenlation of the National Climate Change Policy for theperiod 2014-2030 serves to integrate climate-friendly policies into our natianal and e@nomicplanning. The Framework spells out i:ppropriate adaptation actions as well as mitigation measures

covering all sectors of the economy.

4. "M8ion 2025", our blu':print for a future-oriented and groMh-centric roadmap forPakistan, clearly recognizos global wrrming and climate change as priority areas for etfective action

by the Government.

5. Pakistan is a party to the United Nalions FEmework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), 1992; and Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, 1997. lt is also initiated the process forratifying the Paris Agreement, 2015 v/hich recognizes that climate change represents an urgent andpotentially irreversible threat to hun,an societies and the planet and thus is a global challenge,

requiring the widest possible cooperation by all countries.

6. lmplementallon of the IJNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement involves alarge number of comprehensive and extensive adaptation and mitigation actions across all sectorsof the economy. This is an enormouri task which is of a multi-disciplinary, inter-provincial and inter-ministerial nature, requiring that it be dealt with at the national level. There is also an urgent need toprepare, on priority basis, a podfo io of projects for seeking funding from the potentially hugeamounts of globel climate change financa likely to be available.

7. For the aforesaid purpcses amongst others, it is coNidered necessary to establish anindependent Pakistan Climate Change Authority which will, under the guidance of a high-poweredPakistan Climate Change Council (r;haired by the Prime Minister and with represenlation from allProvinces, including the Chief Ministters), provide a framework for mitigating and adapting to theeffecls of the changing climate orr various seclors of the economy and developing response

lti

strategies to the effects of climate change. The proposed Authorily will also identify and superviserhe lransfer of appropriate technology, including renewable technologiy, and sfengthen capacity-

iuilding measures.

8. The Bill also establishos a Pakistan Climate Changs Fund, managed by a Board.Money from the Fund will be dilized to meet'sxpenses of both lhe Authority and the Fund itself andfor financial assistance to suitable adaptation and mitigation projec{s and measures designed inter-alia to combat the adverse effects of climate change.

9. The Bill has been developed with the support and participation of variousgovernmental and non-governmental stakeholders in the climate change arena. lt is also in

accordance with internalional best practices and standards.

10. By-passing this Bill, Pakistan will join only a handful of countries who havedemonstrated their commitment to combating the adverse effects of climate changB by enactinglegislation specifically for the purpose.

MR. ZAHID HAMID,Minister for Law and Justice and Climate Change,

Minister-in-Charge

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