National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) methodology Ethical ... · Weight and body composition were measured in duplicate using a Tanita body composition analyzer BC-420MA (Tanita

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National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) methodology

Ethical Approval

Ethical approval was obtained from the University College Cork Clinical Research

Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals.

Sampling

The fieldwork phase was carried out between October 2008 and April 2010. Adults

aged 18-90 years (740 males, 760 females) were recruited in the Republic of Ireland.

Eligible respondents were adults aged 18 years and over who were free-living and who

were not pregnant or breast feeding.

Respondent recruitment

A sample of adults was randomly selected from a database of names and addresses held

by Data Ireland (An Post). An introductory letter and information leaflet were posted to

each person selected from the database. A researcher called to potential respondents‟

homes to introduce the survey and invite participation. If the individual agreed to

participate, a consent form was signed and the survey commenced. If the person was not

at home, the researcher called on three more occasions on different days and at different

times, before deeming them ineligible. For groups that were not highly represented in

the database, particularly 18-35 year olds, a second level of recruitment was introduced.

A second database of names and addresses was compiled through referrals from

respondents and participation was invited for those that were contactable. The final

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response rate for the survey was 60%. Analysis of the demographic features in this

sample has shown it to be a representative sample of Irish adults with respect to age,

gender, social class and geographical location when compared to census data (Central

Statistics Office, 2007).

Food intake data collection

A four-day food diary was used to collect food and beverage intake data. The

researcher made three visits to the respondent during the four-day period: a training visit

to demonstrate how to keep the food diary and how to use the weighing scales; a second

visit 24-36 hours into the recording period to review the diary, check for completeness

and clarify details regarding specific food descriptors and quantities; and a final visit

one or two days after the recording period to check the last days and to collect the diary.

Respondents were asked to record detailed information regarding the amount and types

of all foods, beverages and nutritional supplements consumed over the recording period

and where applicable, the cooking methods used, brand names of the foods consumed

and details of recipes. Data were also collected on the time of each eating or drinking

occasion, the respondent‟s definition of each eating or drinking occasion (e.g. morning

snack, lunch) and the location of the preparation of the meal or snack consumed (e.g.

home, takeaway).

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Food quantification and coding

A quantification protocol that had been established by the IUNA for the North/South

Ireland Food Consumption Survey (NSIFCS) (Harrington et al., 2001) was updated for

the NANS. It is summarised as follows:

(1) Weighed by respondent/manufacturer weights) - A portable food scales (Tanita,

Japan) was given to each respondent. The researcher gave detailed instructions

(including a demonstration) as to how to use the food scales during the training session.

This method was use to quantify 46% of foods and drinks consumed. A further 10% of

weights were derived from manufacturer‟s weights. To facilitate collection of such

data, researchers asked respondents to collect all packaging of food and beverages

consumed in a storage bag provided.

(2) Food Atlas - A photographic food atlas (Nelson et al., 1997) was used to quantify

16% of foods and beverages consumed.

(3) IUNA Weights - Average portion weights that had been ascertained for certain foods

by the IUNA survey team were used. This method was used to quantify 4% of foods

and beverages consumed.

(4) Food Portion Sizes - “Food Portion Sizes” (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and

Food, 1997) was used to quantify 11% of foods and beverages consumed.

(5) Household Measures - Measures such as teaspoon, tablespoon, pint etc. were used to

quantify 11% of foods and beverages consumed.

(6) Estimated - Food quantities were defined as estimated if the researcher made an

estimate of the amount likely to have been consumed based on their knowledge of the

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respondent‟s general eating habits as observed during the recording period. This

method was used to quantify 2% of foods and beverages consumed.

Nutrient composition of foods and estimation of nutrient intake

Food intake data were analysed using WISP© (Tinuviel Software, Anglesey, UK).

WISP© uses data from McCance and Widdowson‟s The Composition of Foods, sixth

(Food Standards Agency, 2002) and fifth (Holland et al., 1995) editions plus all nine

supplemental volumes (Holland et al., 1988; Holland et al., 1989; Holland et al., 1991;

Holland et al., 1992; Holland et al., 1993; Chan et al., 1994; Chan et al., 1995; Chan et

al., 1996; Holland et al., 1996) to generate nutrient intake data. During the NANS,

modifications were made to the food composition database to include recipes of

composite dishes, nutritional supplements, generic Irish foods that were commonly

consumed and new foods on the market. All previous modifications to the food

composition database were also checked and updated from current manufacturers‟

information as necessary. The above modifications and additions comprise „The Irish

Food Composition Database‟ (Black et al., 2011).

Questionnaires

Four questionnaires were completed by the adults in the NANS. These included:

Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire: This questionnaire collected information on the

respondent‟s socio-demographics, education levels, attitudes to their own diet and

weight, sun exposure and supplement usage. Information on smoking status and

alcohol intake was also collected in this questionnaire. In the case of

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married/cohabiting couples, the higher social class and education level was assigned to

the respondent.

Physical Activity: Respondents completed a validated physical activity questionnaire

(Epic Physical Activity Questionnaire (EPAQ2)) (Wareham et al. 2002) to assess

customary levels of physical activity. The questionnaire consisted of three sections:

activity at home, work and recreation.

Food Choice Questionnaire: This questionnaire was designed to find out information on

food choice and the factors that can influence it, food neophobia and the respondent‟s

own opinion of their food preparation skills.

Evaluation Questionnaire: The researcher administered this questionnaire at the final

visit to identify whether the respondent‟s eating habits or physical activity patterns had

been usual during the survey week. Medication usage was also recorded here.

Coded questionnaires were entered into the customised Q-Builder software package

(Tinuviel Software, Anglesey, UK). A dual data entry method was used to enter

questionnaires to ensure correct data entry.

Anthropometry

Anthropometric measurements were taken by the researcher in the respondents‟ homes.

Weight, height, waist and hip circumference and measures of body composition were

recorded. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1cm using the Leicester portable height

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measure (Chasmores Ltd, UK) with the respondent‟s head positioned in the Frankfurt

Plane.

Waist circumference was measured in duplicate using a non-stretch tape measure and

taken at the naked site where possible. Waist circumference was measured at the

midpoint to the nearest 0.1cm between the iliac crest (top of hip) and the bottom of the

rib cage (10th rib). Hip circumference was measured in duplicate to the nearest 0.1cm

using a non-stretch tape measure. This measurement was taken over light clothing at the

widest part of the buttocks at the level of the greater trochanter (bony prominence of the

thigh bone).

Weight and body composition were measured in duplicate using a Tanita body

composition analyzer BC-420MA (Tanita Ltd, GB) to the nearest 0.1kg. Respondents

were weighed after having voided, wearing light clothing and without shoes.

Defining overweight and obesity in adults

Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to indirectly assess adiposity and was calculated as

weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). The World Health Organisation (WHO)

BMI cut-off points were used to estimate levels of underweight (<18.5kg/m2), normal

weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2).

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure was measured in triplicate from the right arm where possible, leaving

five minutes between each measurement. The measurement was taken with the

respondent sitting on a well-supported chair, with feet placed firmly on the floor. Prior

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to the measurement, respondents were asked to sit quietly without talking or laughing

for at least five minutes. Respondents were asked to remove tight clothing from their

upper arm and to rest their arm such that the antecubital fossa (triangular cavity of the

elbow joint) was at the level of the heart, palm facing upwards. Measurements were

taken in accordance with the manufacturer‟s instructions for the OMRON M6 Comfort

blood pressure monitor, with fieldworkers having received training in taking the

measurement prior to fieldwork. Respondents were asked whether they had had

anything to eat or drink (besides water) or whether they had smoked in the 30 minutes

prior to the measurement. This information was recorded by the fieldworker.

Respondents were informed of blood pressure readings that consistently fell outside of

the normal ranges and advised to visit their health nurse or GP for another reading.

Blood and Urine Collection and Analysis

Participants were asked to provide a blood sample, fasting where possible, and a first

void morning urine sample. Seventy-six per cent of respondents (n 1138) provided a

blood sample of which 79% were fasting. A urine sample was collected from 75% of

respondents (n 1121). The samples were collected by a qualified nurse at designated

centres within the survey area or in the respondent‟s home if the respondent could not

travel.

In total, five tubes (45mls) of blood were collected from respondents and where

appropriate, inverted gently to ensure thorough mixing with anti-coagulant. Of these,

four were kept chilled and transported to the lab for further processing and storage,

while the fifth was kept at room temperature for full blood count analysis. The blood

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tubes collected were: 3 x serum tubes (total 26ml); 2 x EDTA tubes (total 13ml); 1 x

lithium heparin tube (6ml).

A 50ml first void urine sample was also collected. Respondents were provided with a

sterile collection tube to collect the urine sample on the final survey visit. They were

also provided with an ice pack and asked to keep the sample chilled until they met with

the nurse. Samples were kept on ice during transport to the lab for further processing.

A blood collection form was completed in which the following was recorded: date and

time of blood collection, whether the respondent was fasting or not and any

irregularities during blood collection. Written consent to take a blood and urine sample

was obtained along with consent for the survey at the initial visit. Blood and urine

samples were collected for the analysis of a number of markers of nutritional status and

metabolic health. In line with good ethical practice, all samples were anonymised prior

to analysis. Full details of the analytes measured will be available shortly on

www.iuna.net. Furthermore, data collected in this project will also feed into a sister

project, the “National Nutrition Phenotype Database” (Joint Irish Nutrigenomic

Organisation (www.ucd.ie/jingo) for further analysis of markers of metabolic health.

Physical activity and accelerometer

A tri axial accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M, ActiGraph, LLC) was worn for the four

days of the survey period. It was worn on the waist and reported acceleration using a

proprietary unit – “counts”. An accelerometer diary was also used to track activities

that are poorly recorded by accelerometers such as cycling and swimming and to record

when the accelerometer was removed e.g. for sleeping/showering.

http://www.iuna.net/

http://www.ucd.ie/jingo

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Quality control

A number of quality procedures were put in place in an attempt to minimise error and

ensure consistency throughout the collection and manipulation of food intake data.

Researchers received training that included role-play workshops prior to commencing

fieldwork, where they were trained to take a natural and friendly approach to fieldwork

and to avoid prompting foods. This was carried out in an attempt to make respondents

feel at ease and so that the most reliable data possible could be obtained. It was stressed

to respondents that they should not try to change or „improve‟ their diet during the

recording period. At the end of the recording period, respondents were asked whether

their food intake had been the same as usual, less than usual or more than usual during

the recording period and to explain why this might have been. Respondents were also

asked whether they had been on a weight reducing or weight gain diet whilst taking part

in the survey, and if there were any items consumed during the recording period which

had not yet been written down. Details on such items were then recorded by the

researcher in the food diary.

Each researcher was primarily responsible for the collection, quantification, coding and

data entry of their own food diaries in an attempt to maintain consistency, and were

provided with detailed guidelines regarding each task. WISP-DES© (the food data-

entry system) was set up to incorporate over-range checks for portion sizes, by

generating a warning if a food weight was entered as five times a typical „large‟ portion

size. Cut-off points based on basal metabolic rate were used to identify over and under-

reporting of food intake, so that this could be taken into account during certain analyses

(e.g., in estimating the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes). Researchers

were also asked to rate each respondent‟s food diary as „accurate and complete‟,

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„inaccurate and complete‟, „accurate and incomplete‟ and „inaccurate and incomplete‟

so that data quality could be considered during certain analyses.

A coding manual was developed for the questionnaires and all questionnaires were dual

entered using customised questionnaire software (Q-Builder, Tinuviel Software,

Anglesey, UK) which uses a rules based validation processes permitting answers from

the coding manual only.

Databases

The food intake database from the NANS comprises 133,050 rows of data that describe

each food and drink item consumed by the 1500 respondents at every eating occasion

throughout the four recording days.

Food Groupings

Each of the 2552 food codes (including 233 supplements) consumed during the survey

were assigned to one of 68 food groups (Appendix I) in the database and also further

aggregated into 19 food groups (Appendix II).

Data Manipulation

Data manipulation was conducted using SPSS© Version 15.0 for WindowsTM (SPSS

Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).

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Statistical Analysis

Variables were described using the mean, median, standard deviation and the 5 th and

95th percentiles. Variables were tabulated for total population and split by gender and

age group.

Bibliography

Black L.J., Ireland J., Møller A., Roe M., Walton J., Flynn A., Finglas P.M., Kiely M.

(2011). Development of an on-line Irish food composition database for nutrients.

Journal of Food Composition Analysis doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.015

Central Statistics Office (CSO) (2007) Census 2006 Principal Demographic Results.

Dublin: The Stationery Office.

Chan W., Brown J. & Buss D.H. (1994) Miscellaneous Foods. Fourth Supplement to

McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. London: HMSO.

Chan W., Brown J., Lee S.J. & Buss D.H. (1995) Meat, Poultry and Game. Fifth

Supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. London:

HMSO.

Chan W., Brown J., Church S.M. & Buss D.H. (1996) Meat Products and Dishes. Sixth


HMSO.

Food Standards Agency (2002) McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods,

Sixth summary edition. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Harrington K.E., Robson P.J., Kiely M., Livingstone M.B., Lambe J. & Gibney M.J.

(2001) The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey: survey design and

methodology. Public Health Nutrition, 4, 1037-1042.

Holland B., Unwin I.D. & Buss D.H. (1988) Cereal and Cereal Products. Third


HMSO.

Holland B., Unwin I.D. & Buss D.H. (1989) Milk Products and Eggs. Fourth


HMSO.

Holland B., Unwin I.D. & Buss D.H. (1991) Vegetables, Herbs and Spices. Fifth

Supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 4 ed. London:

HMSO.

Holland B., Unwin I.D. & Buss D.H. (1992) Fruits and Nuts. First Supplement to


Holland B., Brown J. & Buss D.H. (1993) Fish and Fish Products. Third Supplement to


Holland B., Welch A.A., Unwin I.D., Buss D.H., Paul A.A. and Southgate D.A.T.

(1995). McCance & Widdowson‟s the Composition of Foods, 5th Edition. Royal Society

of Chemistry and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. London: HMSO.

Holland B., Welch A.A. & Buss D.H. (1996) Vegetable Dishes. Second Supplement to


Holland B., Welch A.A., Unwin I.D., Buss D.H., Paul A.A., Southgate DAT (1995)


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Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1997) Food portion sizes. London: The

Stationery Office.

Nelson M., Atkinson M. & Meyer J. (1997) A photographic atlas of food portion sizes.

England: Food Standards Agency.

Wareham NJ, Jakes RW, Rennie KL, Mitchell J, Hennings S et al. (2002) Validity and

repeatability of the EPIC-Norfolk Physical Activity Questionnaire. International

Journal of Epidemiology 31, 168-174.

Chapter 1 - Sampling

Table 1.1 Respondents (n & %) in the NANS by gender and age group

Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by season and gender

Table 1.3 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by geographical location and gender

Table 1.4 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by marital status and gender

Table 1.5 Distribution of respondents in the NANS by social class (Ireland) and gender

Table 1.6 Distributon of participants in the NANS by education and gender

Table 1.1 Respondents (n & %) in the NANS by gender and age group

All

n n % n % n % n %

Males 634 276 37 205 28 153 21 106 14

Females 640 255 34 232 30 153 20 120 16

18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

≥65y18-64y

Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by season and gender

All All

n n % n % n n % n %

Winter (Sept-Feb) 693 354 56 339 53 122 66 62 56 47

Summer Mar-Aug) 581 280 44 301 47 104 40 38 64 53

Total 1274 634 100 640 100 226 106 100 120 100

Season

18-64y

Males Males Females

≥65y

Females

n % n %

All

Open country/village 403 32 46 20

Small town 55 4 3 2

Large town 460 36 61 27

City 356 28 116 51

Total 1274 100 226 100

Males


Small town 25 4 1 1

Large town 252 40 22 21

City 169 28 60 57

Total 634 100 106 100

Females


Small town 30 5 2 2

Large town 208 32 39 32

City 187 29 56 47

Total 640 100 120 100

≥65y18-64yGeographical Location

Table 1.3 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by geographical location

and gender

Table 1.4 Distribution of respondents (n & %) in the NANS by marital status and gender

n % n % n % n %

Single 259 35 223 30 8 8 13 11

Married or living with partner 437 59 432 57 75 71 63 53

Widowed 20 3 51 7 18 17 35 30

Separated/Divorced 20 3 48 6 5 4 7 6

Total* 736 100 754 100 106 100 118 100

*Excludes 10 missing values

Marital Status

≥65y18-64y

Males FemalesMales Females

Table 1.5 Distribution of respondents in the NANS by social class (Ireland) and gender

n % n % n % n %

Professional Workers 75 12 60 10 14 14 11 11

Managerial & Technical 200 32 235 39 33 32 42 40

Non-Manual 94 15 133 22 19 19 21 20

Skilled Manual 105 17 65 11 26 26 17 16

Semi-skilled 51 8 48 8 10 10 10 10

Unskilled 4 1 1 <1 0 0 2 2

Students 93 15 65 11 0 0 1 1

Total* 622 100 607 100 102 100 104 100


Social Class

18-64y ≥65y

Males FemalesMales Females

Table 1.6 Distributon of participants in the NANS by education and gender

n % n % n % n %

Primary 42 7 31 5 36 34 30 26

Intermediate 151 24 100 16 23 22 27 23

Secondary 164 26 141 22 18 17 26 23

Tertiary 266 43 356 57 28 27 32 28

Total* 623 100 628 100 105 100 115 100


Level of EducationMales Females Males Females

18-64y ≥65y

Chapter 2 - Food Consumption

Table 2.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in the total population (18-64y)

Table 2.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in 18-64 year olds, in consumers only

Table 2.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 18-64 years

Table 2.4 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 18-64 years

Table 2.5 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 18-64 years, in consumers only

Table 2.6 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 18-64 years, in consumers only

Table 2.7.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males by age group, in the total population (18-35 years)



Table 2.8.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females by age group, in the total population (18-35 years)



Table 2.9.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males by age group, in consumers only (18-35 years)



Table 2.10.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females by age group, in consumers only (18-35 years)



Table 2.11 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for those aged 65 years and over

Table 2.12 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for those aged 65 years and over, in consumers only

Table 2.13 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 65 years and over

Table 2.14 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 65 years and over

Table 2.15 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 65 years and over, in consumers only

Table 2.16 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 65 years and over, in consumers only

Food group

Mean SD Median 5th 95th

1 Rice & pasta, flours, grains & starches 35 51 0 0 134

2 Savouries (e.g. pizzas) 31 54 0 0 139

3 White breads & rolls 51 52 38 0 152

4 Wholemeal & brown breads & rolls 52 54 38 0 153

5 Other breads (e.g. scones, croissants) 12 25 0 0 60

6 "Ready-to-eat" breakfast cereals 24 30 15 0 80

7 Other breakfast cereals (e.g. porridge) 33 79 0 0 210

8 Biscuits 13 19 7 0 47

9 Cakes, pastries and buns 17 29 0 0 73

10 Wholemilk 102 169 25 0 430

11 Low fat, skimmed and fortified milks 93 143 9 0 380

12 Other milks (e.g. processed milks) 17 65 0 0 113

13 Creams 1 4 0 0 8

14 Cheeses 14 18 9 0 48

15 Yoghurts 31 51 0 0 125

16 Ice-creams 6 15 0 0 34

17 Puddings & chilled desserts 8 20 0 0 46

18 Milk puddings (e.g. rice pudding & custards) 4 18 0 0 30

19 Eggs & egg dishes 16 24 0 0 60

20 Butter 3 8 0 0 19

21 Low fat spreads 3 9 0 0 20

22 Other spreading fats 7 12 2 0 30

23 Oils 0 2 0 0 3

24 Hard cooking fats 0 N/A 0 0 0

25 Potatoes (e.g. boiled, mashed, baked) 71 74 55 0 217

26 Processed & homemade potato products 6 18 0 0 40

27 Chipped, fried & roasted potatoes 43 51 33 0 138

28 Vegetable & pulse dishes 20 42 0 0 93

29 Peas, beans & lentils 18 29 2 0 75

30 Green vegetables 13 23 0 0 56

31 Carrots 13 19 0 0 53

32 Salad vegetables (e.g. lettuce) 21 28 10 0 77

33 Other vegetables (e.g. onions) 26 32 16 0 89

34 Tinned or jarred vegetables 3 11 0 0 20

35 Fruit juices 50 90 0 0 230

36 Bananas 26 41 0 0 110

37 Other fruits (e.g. apples, pears) 49 73 19 0 197

38 Citrus fruit 14 41 0 0 94

39 Tinned fruit 2 11 0 0 5

Table 2.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in the total

population (18-64y)

Total Population 18-64y (n=1274)

Percentiles

Food group


40 Nuts & seeds, herbs & spices 3 9 0 0 18

41 Fish & fish products 23 34 0 0 89

42 Fish dishes 4 19 0 0 41

43 Bacon & ham 21 25 13 0 67

44 Beef & veal 19 31 0 0 82

45 Lamb 4 15 0 0 35

46 Pork 6 15 0 0 40

47 Chicken, turkey & game (e.g. pheasant) 29 38 19 0 100

48 Offal & offal dishes 0 3 0 0 0

49 Beef & veal dishes 34 56 0 0 152

50 Lamb, pork & bacon dishes 5 23 0 0 35

51 Poultry & game dishes 25 51 0 0 131

52 Burgers (beef & pork) 9 23 0 0 55

53 Sausages 10 18 0 0 49

54 Meat pies & pastries 3 14 0 0 30

55 Meat products (e.g. processed meats) 18 29 0 0 75

56 Alcoholic beverages 330 579 75 0 1484

57 Sugars, syrups, preserves & sweeteners 10 15 4 0 40

58 Chocolate confectionery 10 16 3 0 43

59 Non-chocolate confectionery 4 11 0 0 22

60 Savoury snacks 7 12 0 0 31

61 Soups, sauces & miscellaneous foods 56 67 31 0 189

63 Teas 422 410 361 0 1121

64 Coffees 129 219 0 0 608

65 Other beverages (e.g. water) 564 617 388 0 1839

66 Carbonated beverages (non-diet) 82 159 0 0 423

67 Diet carbonated beverages 24 79 0 0 169

68 Squashes, cordials and fruit juice drinks 12 41 0 0 83

Food group 62 = Nutritional supplements

Total Population 18-64y (n=1274)

Percentiles

Table 2.1 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in

the total population (18-64y)

Food group

n % Mean SD Median 5th 95th

1 Rice & pasta, flours, grains & starches 628 49 71 53 56 16 178

2 Savouries (e.g. pizzas) 600 47 66 62 50 8 183

3 White breads & rolls 996 78 66 50 51 13 160

4 Wholemeal & brown breads & rolls 925 73 71 51 59 12 162

5 Other breads (e.g. scones, croissants) 416 33 36 32 28 8 95

6 "Ready-to-eat" breakfast cereals 777 61 39 29 31 9 94

7 Other breakfast cereals (e.g. porridge) 307 24 138 105 112 24 339

8 Biscuits 794 62 21 21 15 4 56

9 Cakes, pastries and buns 553 43 38 32 29 7 100

10 Wholemilk 771 61 169 190 113 8 542

11 Low fat, skimmed and fortified milks 656 51 181 155 142 15 488

12 Other milks (e.g. processed milks) 172 14 126 132 81 15 376

13 Creams 137 11 10 8 8 1 28

14 Cheeses 839 66 21 18 16 5 57

15 Yoghurts 531 42 75 55 63 25 179

16 Ice-creams 272 21 27 20 21 9 63

17 Puddings & chilled desserts 279 22 36 28 27 6 90

18 Milk puddings (e.g. rice pudding) 101 8 50 40 38 8 142

19 Eggs & egg dishes 635 50 33 24 30 10 78

20 Butter 435 34 10 11 6 1 30

21 Low fat spreads 325 26 13 14 9 1 41

22 Other spreading fats 675 53 13 13 9 2 40

23 Oils 144 11 3 4 3 1 11

24 Hard cooking fats 1 0 12 N/A 12 12 12

25 Potatoes (e.g. boiled, mashed, baked) 943 74 96 71 75 25 240

26 Processed & homemade potato products 222 17 33 31 25 8 85

27 Chipped, fried & roasted potatoes 825 65 66 49 51 15 166

28 Vegetable & pulse dishes 581 46 44 53 28 5 142

29 Peas, beans & lentils 639 50 36 32 26 7 105

30 Green vegetables 539 42 31 26 24 6 84

31 Carrots 633 50 27 19 22 6 66

32 Salad vegetables (e.g. lettuce) 795 62 33 29 24 4 88

33 Other vegetables (e.g. onions) 891 70 37 32 29 4 98

34 Tinned or jarred vegetables 198 16 20 20 13 4 60

35 Fruit juices 499 39 128 103 100 23 330

36 Bananas 549 43 61 42 50 18 147

37 Other fruits (e.g. apples, pears) 709 56 88 77 68 11 248

38 Citrus fruit 250 20 73 65 53 14 209

39 Tinned fruit 88 7 24 36 8 2 100

40 Nuts & seeds, herbs & spices 294 23 13 16 9 1 47

41 Fish & fish products 600 47 48 35 39 11 115

42 Fish dishes 91 7 63 40 57 10 137

43 Bacon & ham 935 73 28 25 21 5 74

44 Beef & veal 484 38 49 32 40 13 114

Table 2.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in 18-64 year olds, in

consumers only

Total Population 18-64y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Food group


45 Lamb 141 11 40 23 34 15 87

46 Pork 201 16 36 20 31 11 75

47 Chicken, turkey & game (e.g. pheasant) 740 58 51 37 39 13 122

48 Offal & offal dishes 12 1 27 15 25 5 50

49 Beef & veal dishes 458 36 94 57 84 24 209

50 Lamb, pork & bacon dishes 95 7 68 52 55 14 174

51 Poultry & game dishes 366 29 87 60 75 24 216

52 Burgers (beef & pork) 279 22 43 31 36 9 106

53 Sausages 492 39 26 21 19 5 69

54 Meat pies & pastries 99 8 44 29 36 11 106

55 Meat products (e.g. processed meats) 594 47 38 32 28 7 100

56 Alcoholic beverages 760 60 553 663 300 32 2017

57 Sugars, syrups, preserves & sweeteners 831 65 15 16 10 1 46

58 Chocolate confectionery 658 52 20 17 15 4 56

59 Non-chocolate confectionery 299 23 16 17 11 2 50

60 Savoury snacks 526 41 17 14 13 5 46

61 Soups, sauces & miscellaneous foods 1094 86 65 68 43 4 200

63 Teas 1037 81 519 396 454 68 1188

64 Coffees 605 47 271 250 190 44 755

65 Other beverages (e.g. water) 1049 82 685 616 511 63 1892

66 Carbonated beverages (non-diet) 472 37 223 193 158 43 625

67 Diet carbonated beverages 172 14 176 142 135 40 413

68 Squashes, cordials and fruit juice drinks 201 16 74 77 50 8 248


Percentiles

Table 2.2 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) in 18-64 year

olds, in consumers only

Total Population 18-64y (consumers only)

Food group









8 Biscuits 14 23 6 0 54


10 Wholemilk 140 201 56 0 545



13 Creams 1 3 0 0 8

14 Cheeses 16 21 10 0 53

15 Yoghurts 28 53 0 0 125

16 Ice-creams 6 14 0 0 36



19 Eggs & egg dishes 18 26 0 0 72

20 Butter 4 9 0 0 23



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 2








31 Carrots 13 19 0 0 54




35 Fruit juices 57 103 0 0 254

36 Bananas 27 44 0 0 124


38 Citrus fruit 10 32 0 0 80


Table 2.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged

18-64 years

Total Males 18-64y (n=634)

Percentiles

Food group




42 Fish dishes 5 22 0 0 45

43 Bacon & ham 26 28 20 0 79

44 Beef & veal 25 37 0 0 100

45 Lamb 6 18 0 0 50

46 Pork 7 17 0 0 46







53 Sausages 13 21 0 0 60









63 Teas 383 386 306 0 1122

64 Coffees 138 244 0 0 684






Total Males 18-64y (n=634)

Percentiles

Table 2.3 continued. Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for

males aged 18-64 years

Food group









8 Biscuits 12 14 8 0 41


10 Wholemilk 65 119 9 0 266



13 Creams 1 5 0 0 10

14 Cheeses 12 15 8 0 40

15 Yoghurts 35 49 0 0 131

16 Ice-creams 6 15 0 0 34



19 Eggs & egg dishes 15 21 4 0 55

20 Butter 3 6 0 0 16



23 Oils 0 2 0 0 3








31 Carrots 13 19 5 0 53




35 Fruit juices 43 75 0 0 200

36 Bananas 25 37 0 0 99


38 Citrus fruit 18 48 0 0 118


Total Females 18-64y (n=640)

Percentiles

Table 2.4 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females

aged 18-64 years

Food group




42 Fish dishes 4 17 0 0 40

43 Bacon & ham 15 20 10 0 50

44 Beef & veal 12 21 0 0 60

45 Lamb 3 10 0 0 27

46 Pork 5 14 0 0 34







53 Sausages 7 14 0 0 34









63 Teas 461 429 413 0 1126

64 Coffees 119 190 0 0 547






Percentiles

Total Females 18-64y (n=640)

Table 2.4 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for

females aged 18-64 years

Food group









8 Biscuits 360 57 25 26 16 4 67


10 Wholemilk 414 65 215 214 160 10 611



13 Creams 51 8 10 7 8 3 27

14 Cheeses 417 66 25 21 19 5 60

15 Yoghurts 223 35 79 64 63 25 194

16 Ice creams 131 21 29 19 23 9 75


18 Milk puddings (e.g. rice pudding & custards) 46 7 60 43 48 14 184

19 Eggs & egg dishes 311 49 37 26 30 12 83

20 Butter 226 36 11 12 7 1 34

21 Low fat spreads 145 23 16 16 12 1 52


23 Oils 57 9 3 4 3 1 11








31 Carrots 305 48 28 18 23 7 65




35 Fruit juices 244 38 147 118 120 29 378

36 Bananas 248 39 70 46 58 22 161


38 Citrus fruit 99 16 67 52 52 15 189

39 Tinned fruit 43 7 21 39 8 2 80

Males 18-64y (consumers only)

Table 2.5 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 18-64

years, in consumers only

Percentiles

Food group




42 Fish dishes 41 6 76 45 72 23 165

43 Bacon & ham 495 78 34 27 26 7 92

44 Beef & veal 282 44 57 36 48 17 126

45 Lamb 82 13 47 25 42 15 99

46 Pork 105 17 39 19 37 13 74



49 Beef & veal dishes 233 37 105 60 96 29 229




53 Sausages 276 44 30 23 23 6 75







60 Savoury snacks 244 38 19 16 13 5 50


63 Teas 489 77 496 370 428 63 1178

64 Coffees 289 46 303 285 213 48 842






Percentiles

Table 2.5 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged

18-64 years, in consumers only


Food group









8 Biscuits 434 68 18 14 14 4 48


10 Wholemilk 357 56 116 139 76 6 348



13 Creams 86 13 10 9 8 1 33

14 Cheeses 422 66 18 15 15 3 47

15 Yoghurts 308 48 73 48 63 25 169

16 Ice-creams 141 22 26 22 19 8 60



19 Eggs & egg dishes 324 51 29 22 25 10 72

20 Butter 209 33 9 8 5 1 27

21 Low fat spreads 180 28 11 12 8 1 33


23 Oils 87 14 3 4 2 1 7








31 Carrots 328 51 25 19 20 5 67




35 Fruit juices 255 40 109 83 88 5 288

36 Bananas 301 47 54 37 42 18 129


38 Citrus fruit 151 24 77 73 55 12 261

39 Tinned fruit 45 7 26 32 9 2 107



42 Fish dishes 50 8 52 32 46 10 114

43 Bacon & ham 440 69 22 20 17 4 62

44 Beef & veal 202 32 38 21 35 12 82

Table 2.6 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 18-64

years, in consumers only

Females 18-64y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Food group


45 Lamb 59 9 30 14 28 10 63

46 Pork 96 15 32 21 27 10 81



49 Beef & veal dishes 225 35 81 50 68 17 174




53 Sausages 216 34 20 17 14 5 54







60 Savoury snacks 282 44 15 12 11 4 42


63 Teas 548 86 539 417 476 93 1197

64 Coffees 316 49 241 210 178 34 688






Table 2.6 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged

18-64 years, in consumers only

Percentiles


Males 18-35y (n=276)

Food group









8 Biscuits 11 19 0 0 48


10 Wholemilk 154 236 48 0 615



13 Creams 1 3 0 0 5

14 Cheeses 18 21 12 0 57

15 Yoghurts 28 58 0 0 125

16 Ice-creams 6 16 0 0 44



19 Eggs & egg dishes 19 30 0 0 78

20 Butter 3 7 0 0 16



23 Oils 0 2 0 0 3








31 Carrots 12 18 0 0 54




35 Fruit juices 70 116 0 0 304

36 Bananas 27 44 0 0 125


38 Citrus fruit 7 26 0 0 56


Percentiles

Table 2.7.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males by

age group, in the total population (18-35 years)

Males 18-35y (n=276)

Food group




42 Fish dishes 4 19 0 0 25

43 Bacon & ham 25 28 18 0 77

44 Beef & veal 24 37 0 0 100

45 Lamb 3 12 0 0 25

46 Pork 5 15 0 0 46







53 Sausages 13 21 0 0 61









63 Teas 209 285 112 0 771

64 Coffees 93 212 0 0 448






Table 2.7.1 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d)

for males by age group, in the total population (18-35 years)

Percentiles

Food group Percentiles









8 Biscuits 17 25 10 0 61


10 Wholemilk 136 172 75 0 487



13 Creams 1 3 0 0 8

14 Cheeses 16 23 10 0 59

15 Yoghurts 25 44 0 0 125

16 Ice-creams 6 12 0 0 32



19 Eggs & egg dishes 16 22 0 0 60

20 Butter 5 10 0 0 26



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 1

24 Hard cooking fats 0 0 0 0 0







31 Carrots 14 19 0 0 55




35 Fruit juices 47 96 0 0 212

36 Bananas 26 46 0 0 124


38 Citrus fruit 14 39 0 0 98


Males 36-50y (n= 205)



Males 36-50y (n= 205)

Food group




42 Fish dishes 6 25 0 0 62

43 Bacon & ham 27 29 20 0 84

44 Beef & veal 27 37 0 0 114

45 Lamb 8 20 0 0 61

46 Pork 7 16 0 0 43







53 Sausages 16 25 0 0 67









63 Teas 448 370 413 0 1151

64 Coffees 195 276 56 0 824








Percentiles

Food group









8 Biscuits 15 28 7 0 48


10 Wholemilk 122 162 45 0 503



13 Creams 1 4 0 0 10

14 Cheeses 13 16 10 0 45

15 Yoghurts 32 56 0 0 147

16 Ice-creams 5 13 0 0 34



19 Eggs & egg dishes 19 22 15 0 66

20 Butter 4 10 0 0 25



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 1








31 Carrots 16 20 10 0 54




35 Fruit juices 45 82 0 0 230

36 Bananas 30 43 0 0 125


38 Citrus fruit 12 31 0 0 83




Percentiles

Males 51-64y (n=153)

Food group




42 Fish dishes 5 23 0 0 55

43 Bacon & ham 28 27 23 0 81

44 Beef & veal 26 37 0 0 102

45 Lamb 9 23 0 0 58

46 Pork 9 19 0 0 57







53 Sausages 9 16 0 0 49









63 Teas 609 421 563 0 1479

64 Coffees 144 238 0 0 716






Males 51-64y (n=153)

Percentiles



Food group









8 Biscuits 11 14 7 0 37


10 Wholemilk 63 104 12 0 267



13 Creams 1 5 0 0 11

14 Cheeses 14 16 9 0 46

15 Yoghurts 28 40 0 0 113

16 Ice-creams 6 17 0 0 34



19 Eggs & egg dishes 14 21 0 0 54

20 Butter 2 5 0 0 12



23 Oils 0 2 0 0 3








31 Carrots 9 15 0 0 33




35 Fruit juices 53 83 0 0 250

36 Bananas 20 36 0 0 93


38 Citrus fruit 11 33 0 0 92


Percentiles

Table 2.8.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females

by age group, in the total population (18-35 years)

Females 18-35y (n=255)

Food group




42 Fish dishes 2 13 0 0 10

43 Bacon & ham 13 18 9 0 44

44 Beef & veal 9 19 0 0 49

45 Lamb 1 7 0 0 0

46 Pork 3 11 0 0 28







53 Sausages 8 14 0 0 34









63 Teas 308 284 245 0 802

64 Coffees 87 161 0 0 475






Percentiles


for females by age group, in the total population (18-35 years)


Food group









8 Biscuits 14 15 11 0 48


10 Wholemilk 80 147 13 0 308



13 Creams 1 4 0 0 12

14 Cheeses 11 14 7 0 35

15 Yoghurts 31 46 0 0 125

16 Ice-creams 5 13 0 0 35



19 Eggs & egg dishes 15 21 4 0 57

20 Butter 3 7 0 0 19



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 3








31 Carrots 16 19 11 0 57




35 Fruit juices 40 72 0 0 177

36 Bananas 23 31 0 0 89


38 Citrus fruit 21 57 0 0 124


Percentiles




Food group




42 Fish dishes 5 17 0 0 52

43 Bacon & ham 16 18 11 0 51

44 Beef & veal 12 21 0 0 58

45 Lamb 3 11 0 0 28

46 Pork 6 15 0 0 36







53 Sausages 6 14 0 0 34









63 Teas 546 498 486 0 1281

64 Coffees 147 209 50 0 612






Percentiles




Food group









8 Biscuits 11 13 8 0 38


10 Wholemilk 43 88 0 0 223



13 Creams 1 4 0 0 9

14 Cheeses 11 14 5 0 41

15 Yoghurts 53 62 38 0 179

16 Ice-creams 5 12 0 0 38



19 Eggs & egg dishes 16 22 12 0 55

20 Butter 3 7 0 0 20



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 3








31 Carrots 16 21 8 0 65




35 Fruit juices 32 62 0 0 172

36 Bananas 39 43 28 0 109


38 Citrus fruit 26 54 0 0 151


Percentiles




Food group




42 Fish dishes 5 20 0 0 43

43 Bacon & ham 18 25 11 0 68

44 Beef & veal 17 25 0 0 70

45 Lamb 5 12 0 0 35

46 Pork 6 17 0 0 38







53 Sausages 5 11 0 0 29









63 Teas 588 443 503 0 1244

64 Coffees 129 200 36 0 565






Percentiles




Food group









8 Biscuits 137 50 23 21 15 5 73


10 Wholemilk 171 62 248 258 188 13 849



13 Creams 15 5 10 7 8 5 30

14 Cheeses 192 70 26 21 20 5 64

15 Yoghurts 97 35 79 74 63 25 189

16 Ice-creams 52 19 34 21 30 10 87



19 Eggs & egg dishes 131 47 40 32 30 12 96

20 Butter 92 33 10 9 6 1 30

21 Low fat spreads 49 18 8 6 6 1 21


23 Oils 31 11 4 4 3 1 14








31 Carrots 123 45 27 19 22 6 65




35 Fruit juices 123 45 157 127 125 34 399

36 Bananas 103 37 72 45 59 25 159


38 Citrus fruit 33 12 60 49 49 11 182

39 Tinned fruit 13 5 13 16 8 1 53



42 Fish dishes 14 5 76 40 70 25 150

43 Bacon & ham 206 75 33 27 26 6 90

Table 2.9.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males by age group,

in consumers only (18-35 years)


Percentiles

Food group


44 Beef & veal 114 41 57 36 45 22 144

45 Lamb 16 6 48 21 49 17 88

46 Pork 36 13 41 19 41 11 76


48 Offal & offal dishes 1 0 50 N/A 50 50 50

49 Beef & veal dishes 112 41 111 53 100 37 222




53 Sausages 121 44 29 23 23 6 82







60 Savoury snacks 153 55 19 16 14 5 48


63 Teas 179 65 323 298 238 55 934

64 Coffees 104 38 246 287 153 42 707






Table 2.9.1 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males by

age group, in consumers only (18-35 years)


Percentiles

Food group









8 Biscuits 130 63 26 27 16 5 75


10 Wholemilk 147 72 190 177 138 8 535



13 Creams 18 9 10 6 8 3 25

14 Cheeses 133 65 25 24 18 5 73

15 Yoghurts 71 35 72 48 63 25 175

16 Ice-creams 49 24 23 15 19 9 61



19 Eggs & egg dishes 94 46 34 21 30 9 82

20 Butter 84 41 12 13 8 2 35

21 Low fat spreads 47 23 19 16 14 2 57


23 Oils 16 8 2 1 2 0 5

24 Hard cooking fats 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A







31 Carrots 98 48 29 18 24 8 67




35 Fruit juices 70 34 139 120 106 24 433

36 Bananas 75 37 71 50 61 18 184


38 Citrus fruit 36 18 78 59 52 15 212

39 Tinned fruit 20 10 14 19 7 2 81



42 Fish dishes 17 8 71 53 63 3 244

43 Bacon & ham 164 80 34 28 27 7 95

44 Beef & veal 101 49 55 36 46 11 124



Percentiles


Food group


45 Lamb 35 17 48 23 49 18 94

46 Pork 37 18 37 17 37 13 66



49 Beef & veal dishes 75 37 102 65 85 30 254




53 Sausages 98 48 34 26 25 8 84







60 Savoury snacks 70 34 18 16 11 5 55


63 Teas 170 83 540 340 463 107 1177

64 Coffees 112 55 358 285 302 47 867









Percentiles

Food group









8 Biscuits 93 61 25 32 18 3 56


10 Wholemilk 96 63 194 167 151 13 561



13 Creams 18 12 10 8 8 1 34

14 Cheeses 92 60 22 16 17 5 50

15 Yoghurts 55 36 89 61 78 23 225

16 Ice-creams 30 20 28 18 24 8 78



19 Eggs & egg dishes 86 56 34 19 30 13 80

20 Butter 50 33 13 14 8 1 47

21 Low fat spreads 49 32 23 19 18 1 64


23 Oils 10 7 3 3 2 1 11

24 Hard cooking fats 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A







31 Carrots 84 55 29 19 23 9 63




35 Fruit juices 51 33 135 90 111 32 355

36 Bananas 70 46 65 42 51 20 156


38 Citrus fruit 30 20 62 44 60 9 169

39 Tinned fruit 10 7 46 72 23 3 243



42 Fish dishes 10 7 82 40 79 34 167

43 Bacon & ham 125 82 35 26 29 10 95




Percentiles

Food group


44 Beef & veal 67 44 59 34 50 12 136

45 Lamb 31 20 45 30 35 10 116

46 Pork 32 21 41 21 36 8 81


48 Offal & offal dishes 1 1 50 N/A 50 50 50

49 Beef & veal dishes 46 30 98 66 80 19 259




53 Sausages 57 37 25 18 20 5 65







60 Savoury snacks 21 14 18 20 13 4 87


63 Teas 140 92 666 394 604 126 1510

64 Coffees 73 48 302 267 185 50 849






Percentiles




Food group









8 Biscuits 161 63 17 14 13 4 45


10 Wholemilk 145 57 112 117 79 8 323



13 Creams 34 13 11 10 8 1 40

14 Cheeses 186 73 19 16 15 3 55

15 Yoghurts 114 45 62 38 52 23 133

16 Ice-creams 61 24 27 26 19 8 62



19 Eggs & egg dishes 122 48 29 22 25 8 75

20 Butter 76 30 7 6 4 1 20

21 Low fat spreads 53 21 7 8 4 1 29


23 Oils 35 14 4 5 2 1 20

24 Hard cooking fats 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A







31 Carrots 100 39 22 17 19 5 45




35 Fruit juices 115 45 118 87 90 16 305

36 Bananas 89 35 56 40 50 18 144


38 Citrus fruit 43 17 63 55 40 4 149

39 Tinned fruit 16 6 23 32 7 1 103



42 Fish dishes 13 5 46 37 31 10 129

43 Bacon & ham 163 64 21 19 17 4 49

Percentiles

Table 2.10.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females by age

group, in consumers only (18-35 years)


Food group


44 Beef & veal 64 25 36 21 29 11 84

45 Lamb 10 4 31 14 32 9 60

46 Pork 26 10 32 15 27 12 69



49 Beef & veal dishes 94 37 75 56 55 14 179




53 Sausages 105 41 20 16 15 5 52







60 Savoury snacks 154 60 17 14 13 5 48


63 Teas 202 79 389 265 349 63 817

64 Coffees 102 40 218 190 163 22 601






Percentiles

Table 2.10.1 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females

by age group, in consumers only (18-35 years)


Food group









8 Biscuits 172 74 19 15 16 4 49


10 Wholemilk 137 59 136 171 88 6 440



13 Creams 36 16 9 8 7 1 23

14 Cheeses 147 63 17 14 15 3 40

15 Yoghurts 101 44 71 44 63 23 168

16 Ice-creams 47 20 25 20 19 6 65



19 Eggs & egg dishes 117 50 30 21 28 10 64

20 Butter 84 36 9 9 6 1 27

21 Low fat spreads 64 28 10 9 8 1 32


23 Oils 28 12 2 2 2 0 6








31 Carrots 143 62 26 19 19 5 70




35 Fruit juices 89 38 104 83 94 3 245

36 Bananas 113 49 46 30 35 17 113


38 Citrus fruit 58 25 85 88 61 11 282

39 Tinned fruit 17 7 20 19 10 2 57



42 Fish dishes 26 11 49 25 49 9 92

43 Bacon & ham 172 74 21 18 16 5 62

44 Beef & veal 75 32 37 22 34 12 76

Percentiles




Food group


45 Lamb 23 10 31 17 28 11 73

46 Pork 42 18 32 20 28 7 81



49 Beef & veal dishes 77 33 84 43 75 25 173




53 Sausages 70 30 20 20 13 5 61







60 Savoury snacks 93 40 13 9 10 3 31


63 Teas 204 88 621 485 535 150 1389

64 Coffees 132 57 259 218 211 38 761







Percentiles



Food group









8 Biscuits 101 66 16 13 13 3 46


10 Wholemilk 75 49 89 108 41 4 338



13 Creams 16 10 11 10 8 1 38

14 Cheeses 89 58 18 14 15 4 43

15 Yoghurts 93 61 87 58 68 25 234

16 Ice-creams 33 22 25 15 21 10 61



19 Eggs & egg dishes 85 56 28 22 17 7 73

20 Butter 49 32 10 9 6 1 33

21 Low fat spreads 63 41 14 15 10 2 62


23 Oils 24 16 2 2 2 0 8








31 Carrots 85 56 28 22 23 5 71




35 Fruit juices 51 33 97 72 70 9 264

36 Bananas 99 65 60 39 51 17 131


38 Citrus fruit 50 33 81 67 61 19 259

39 Tinned fruit 12 8 39 45 22 3 129



42 Fish dishes 11 7 67 41 47 33 171

43 Bacon & ham 105 69 27 25 19 4 73


Percentiles



Food group


44 Beef & veal 63 41 42 21 41 12 81

45 Lamb 26 17 29 13 26 8 58

46 Pork 28 17 33 27 24 12 121



49 Beef & veal dishes 54 35 87 48 80 18 184




53 Sausages 41 27 18 15 13 4 61







60 Savoury snacks 35 23 10 8 8 3 27


63 Teas 142 93 634 428 523 114 1251

64 Coffees 82 54 240 219 162 30 706









Percentiles

Food group









8 Biscuits 10 13 4 0 39


10 Wholemilk 79 122 16 0 339



13 Creams 2 7 0 0 12

14 Cheeses 11 17 5 0 40

15 Yoghurts 37 57 0 0 162

16 Ice-creams 6 14 0 0 32



19 Eggs & egg dishes 18 24 13 0 66

20 Butter 5 16 0 0 30



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 2








31 Carrots 17 19 13 0 56




35 Fruit juices 46 72 0 0 207

36 Bananas 30 40 11 0 116


38 Citrus fruit 22 54 0 0 144


Table 2.11 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for those

aged 65 years and over

≥ 65y (n=226)

Percentiles

Food group Percentiles




42 Fish dishes 3 15 0 0 24

43 Bacon & ham 22 25 12 0 73

44 Beef & veal 16 27 0 0 68

45 Lamb 10 22 0 0 53

46 Pork 9 23 0 0 54







53 Sausages 7 14 0 0 38









63 Teas 579 357 550 0 1167

64 Coffees 99 169 0 0 488






≥ 65y (n=226)

Table 2.11 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d)

for those aged 65 years and over

Food group









8 Biscuits 124 55 17 13 14 3 45


10 Wholemilk 130 58 137 133 103 6 417



13 Creams 33 15 12 14 8 1 48

14 Cheeses 124 55 20 18 14 3 54

15 Yoghurts 100 44 84 59 73 18 190

16 Ice-creams 53 23 25 17 22 7 63


18 Milk puddings (e.g. rice pudding & custards) 43 19 74 56 62 7 199

19 Eggs & egg dishes 128 57 32 24 26 12 79

20 Butter 76 34 16 24 7 1 61

21 Low fat spreads 77 34 20 19 14 2 64


23 Oils 23 10 3 3 2 1 10

24 Hard cooking fats 3 1 3 1 3 3 5







31 Carrots 142 63 27 18 22 9 63




35 Fruit juices 97 43 108 74 100 5 250

36 Bananas 114 50 60 37 51 16 128


38 Citrus fruit 56 25 90 76 62 21 324

39 Tinned fruit 28 12 44 33 31 3 121

Percentiles

Table 2.12 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for those aged 65 years

and over, in consumers only

≥ 65y (consumers only)

Food group




42 Fish dishes 12 5 59 29 53 23 113

43 Bacon & ham 164 73 30 24 23 6 77

44 Beef & veal 81 36 44 29 36 13 111

45 Lamb 56 25 40 26 35 14 85

46 Pork 44 19 46 33 35 14 140



49 Beef & veal dishes 66 29 103 56 89 32 208




53 Sausages 71 31 22 17 18 5 63







60 Savoury snacks 11 5 12 9 6 3 27


63 Teas 212 94 617 335 570 130 1171

64 Coffees 97 43 230 191 165 30 574






Percentiles

Table 2.12 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for those aged

65 years and over, in the total population

≥ 65y (consumers only)

Food group









8 Biscuits 10 14 1 0 40


10 Wholemilk 78 109 25 0 335



13 Creams 2 8 0 0 10

14 Cheeses 14 21 8 0 54

15 Yoghurts 26 46 0 0 132

16 Ice-creams 6 15 0 0 35



19 Eggs & egg dishes 21 27 13 0 72

20 Butter 6 20 0 0 41



23 Oils 0 2 0 0 4








31 Carrots 17 19 14 0 57




35 Fruit juices 43 69 0 0 202

36 Bananas 31 46 0 0 122


38 Citrus fruit 20 58 0 0 143


Table 2.13 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males


Males ≥ 65y (n=106 )

Percentiles

Food group




42 Fish dishes 2 12 0 0 15

43 Bacon & ham 27 28 18 0 76

44 Beef & veal 19 28 0 0 69

45 Lamb 10 23 0 0 53

46 Pork 12 27 0 0 76







53 Sausages 10 18 0 0 54









63 Teas 590 370 570 0 1156

64 Coffees 97 184 0 0 544






Percentiles


for males aged 65 years and over

Males ≥ 65y (n=106 )

Food group









8 Biscuits 10 12 5 0 32


10 Wholemilk 80 132 8 0 373



13 Creams 2 6 0 0 13

14 Cheeses 8 11 3 0 32

15 Yoghurts 47 64 21 0 184

16 Ice-creams 6 12 0 0 29



19 Eggs & egg dishes 16 21 13 0 60

20 Butter 4 11 0 0 24



23 Oils 0 1 0 0 2








31 Carrots 17 19 12 0 56




35 Fruit juices 49 76 0 0 239

36 Bananas 30 34 24 0 111


38 Citrus fruit 24 50 0 0 150


Females ≥ 65y (n=120)

Percentiles

Table 2.14 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females


Food group




42 Fish dishes 4 17 0 0 37

43 Bacon & ham 17 21 12 0 67

44 Beef & veal 13 26 0 0 61

45 Lamb 10 20 0 0 56

46 Pork 7 19 0 0 42







53 Sausages 5 10 0 0 26









63 Teas 569 348 533 0 1175

64 Coffees 100 156 0 0 472






Percentiles

Females ≥ 65y (n=120)


for females aged 65 years and over

Food group









8 Biscuits 53 50 19 14 16 3 52


10 Wholemilk 65 61 127 115 100 6 393



13 Creams 12 11 15 19 8 2 68

14 Cheeses 62 58 24 22 19 3 67

15 Yoghurts 36 34 76 50 70 20 191

16 Ice-creams 24 23 28 20 25 4 90



19 Eggs & egg dishes 61 58 36 27 30 12 99

20 Butter 32 30 21 33 10 1 111

21 Low fat spreads 40 38 26 22 22 1 75


23 Oils 10 9 4 3 4 1 10

24 Hard cooking fats 3 3 3 1 3 3 5







31 Carrots 64 60 28 18 24 9 60




35 Fruit juices 40 38 114 66 100 24 250

36 Bananas 43 41 76 41 68 21 165


38 Citrus fruit 20 19 106 95 77 13 361

39 Tinned fruit 16 15 33 24 29 3 95



42 Fish dishes 5 5 50 26 42 23 91

43 Bacon & ham 86 81 34 27 27 6 81

Males ≥ 65y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Table 2.15 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged 65 years


Food group


44 Beef & veal 43 41 47 25 43 17 110

45 Lamb 23 22 45 29 40 9 145

46 Pork 24 23 51 34 42 11 140



49 Beef & veal dishes 29 27 110 51 103 47 224




53 Sausages 39 37 26 21 20 5 75







60 Savoury snacks 3 3 18 11 24 6 25


63 Teas 99 93 631 346 578 146 1164

64 Coffees 43 41 240 222 161 36 716






Males ≥ 65y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Table 2.15 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for males aged

65 years and over, in consumers only

Food group









8 Biscuits 71 59 16 12 13 3 44


10 Wholemilk 65 54 147 150 106 5 447



13 Creams 21 18 10 9 8 1 39

14 Cheeses 62 52 15 11 12 3 39

15 Yoghurts 64 53 88 63 73 17 216

16 Ice-creams 29 24 23 14 19 7 59



19 Eggs & egg dishes 67 56 28 20 21 9 75

20 Butter 44 37 12 15 7 1 59

21 Low fat spreads 37 31 13 12 12 2 36


23 Oils 13 11 2 1 2 1 6








31 Carrots 78 65 26 18 20 7 77




35 Fruit juices 57 48 104 80 100 3 254

36 Bananas 71 59 50 31 43 13 118


38 Citrus fruit 36 30 80 62 58 21 197

39 Tinned fruit 12 10 59 39 49 15 134



42 Fish dishes 7 6 65 32 50 25 113

43 Bacon & ham 78 65 26 21 18 6 77

Table 2.16 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females aged 65 years


Females ≥ 65y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Food group


44 Beef & veal 38 32 41 32 33 10 150

45 Lamb 33 28 37 23 28 13 90

46 Pork 20 17 39 30 30 16 155



49 Beef & veal dishes 37 31 98 60 87 23 203




53 Sausages 32 27 18 11 14 5 43







60 Savoury snacks 8 7 9 8 6 3 27


63 Teas 113 94 605 327 550 101 1191

64 Coffees 54 45 222 165 166 22 527






Table 2.16 continued Mean, SD, median and percentile values of food group intakes (g/d) for females

aged 65 years and over, in consumers only

Females ≥ 65y (consumers only)

Percentiles

Chapter 3 - Nutrient Intakes - Summary Tables

Table 3.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes for

the total population (18-64 years & ≥65 years)


males by age group (n=740)


females by age group (n=760)

Mean SD Median Mean SD Median

5th 95th 5th 95th

Energy & Macronutrients

Energy (kcal) 2060 663 1986 1112 3276 1755 556 1662 1021 2818

Energy (MJ) 8.6 2.8 8.3 4.7 13.7 7.4 2.3 7.0 4.3 11.9

Protein (g) 85.2 28.6 82.0 45.4 133.9 76.8 22.4 74.4 43.2 116.1

Fat (g) 79.7 30.2 77.3 36.7 134.7 68.6 29.0 64.2 30.3 119.9

Carbohydrate (g) 232.7 80.1 222.4 118.7 377.8 205.3 68.0 193.9 108.0 334.7

Total Sugars (g) 91.6 43.9 85.1 33.6 172.7 84.1 38.4 80.1 26.5 150.7

Starch (g) 136.7 48.0 130.9 69.2 222.3 117.0 41.0 112.7 55.7 196.4

Dietary Fibre (g) 19.2 8.0 18.0 8.8 34.1 18.9 7.9 17.9 8.3 33.8

Alcohol (g) 17.1 25.5 6.7 0.0 68.7 7.6 14.9 0.0 0.0 34.4

Protein (%TE) 16.9 3.8 16.4 11.9 23.4 17.9 3.3 17.7 13.1 23.4

Fat (%TE) 34.7 6.1 34.6 24.7 44.9 34.7 6.8 34.5 23.4 46.0

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.6 6.9 42.6 30.8 54.3 44.1 7.0 44.0 31.9 55.7

Total sugars (%TE) 16.6 5.7 16.4 7.6 26.1 17.9 6.1 18.0 7.7 28.2

Starch (%TE) 25.2 5.2 25.0 17.2 34.1 25.3 5.4 25.1 16.2 34.2

Alcohol (%TE) 5.3 6.9 2.5 0.0 20.0 2.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 14.2

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.2 3.7 2.6 0.9 2.6 1.4 4.3

Protein (% FE) 18.0 4.0 17.6 12.7 24.7 18.5 3.5 18.0 13.7 24.9

Fat (%FE) 36.9 6.0 37.1 27.6 46.5 35.9 6.9 35.6 25.0 48.4

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.4 6.3 45.2 35.3 55.5 45.6 6.6 45.2 34.0 56.9

Sugars (%FE) 17.7 6.0 17.4 8.2 27.7 18.5 6.2 18.6 8.1 28.5

Starch (%FE) 26.8 5.1 26.7 18.8 35.3 26.1 5.3 25.9 17.2 34.8

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE) 2.4 0.8 2.3 1.4 3.9 2.7 0.9 2.6 1.5 4.3

Vitamins

Retinol (μg) 476 737 320 85 1190 638 858 377 66 1937

Carotene (μg) 3646 3256 2729 301 9901 4297 3150 3835 399 11168

Total vitamin A (μg) 1084 948 874 226 2396 1354 1048 1111 338 3025

Vitamin D (μg) 4.3 6.2 2.8 0.7 12.5 6.9 10.5 3.9 0.7 24.2

Vitamin E (mg) 12.1 27.4 8.2 2.9 24.5 14.6 38.5 7.8 2.2 29.3

Thiamin (mg) 3.1 8.7 1.6 0.8 5.8 2.8 9.0 1.6 0.7 3.7

Riboflavin (mg) 3.2 7.8 1.9 0.8 5.9 2.9 8.4 1.7 0.7 4.2

Niacin Equivalents (mg) 46.0 23.3 42.1 21.2 82.6 42.0 43.4 34.8 19.4 69.9

Vitamin B6 (mg) 4.1 8.6 2.6 1.2 8.7 4.3 15.2 2.5 1.1 6.8

Vitamin B12 (μg) 7.7 32.5 4.9 1.7 14.1 6.5 5.9 5.2 1.8 16.3

Folate (μg) 373 314 312 136 730 390 415 298 124 869

Biotin (μg) 54 255 36 16 138 101 799 35 18 138

Pantothenic acid (mg) 8.0 12.3 5.8 2.8 16.9 7.2 7.1 5.7 3.0 14.2

Vitamin C (mg) 128 241 75 20 379 118 262 75 17 347

Minerals

Calcium (mg) 941 400 868 433 1690 954 494 851 377 2106

Magnesium (mg) 295 110 280 152 484 273 120 250 128 480

Phosphorus (mg) 1398 465 1352 753 2242 1292 435 1240 711 2169

Iron (mg) 14.4 14.5 11.9 6.0 25.8 15.8 25.8 10.6 5.3 27.8

Sodium* (mg) 2693 970 2581 1319 4488 2342 898 2179 1032 4061

Potassium (mg) 3088 1045 2987 1615 4904 2870 861 2833 1502 4382

Copper (mg) 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.5 2.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5 2.4

Zinc (mg) 10.4 5.9 9.2 4.7 19.4 10.4 13.2 8.8 4.7 17.9

Manganese (mg) 3.4 2.6 3.1 1.4 6.3 3.8 1.9 3.4 1.6 7.2*Excludes discretionery salt

TE, Total Energy

FE, Food Energy (excluding ethanol)

Percentiles Percentiles

Table 3.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes for the

total population (18-64 years & ≥65 years)

18-64y ≥65y

(n=1274) (n=226)

Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median


Energy (kcal) 2397 650 2377 2553 694 2540 2322 591 2310 2217 581 2157 1983 630 1905

Energy (MJ) 10.1 2.7 10.0 10.7 2.9 10.6 9.7 2.5 9.6 9.3 2.4 9.1 8.3 2.6 8.0

Protein (g) 100.2 28.4 97.4 105.0 32.1 103.5 99.0 25.8 97.0 93.1 22.3 90.2 85.2 24.1 85.2

Fat (g) 91.9 31.5 87.9 95.4 31.6 92.0 91.5 31.0 89.2 86.2 31.4 82.2 77.6 34.3 70.6

Carbohydrate (g) 266.0 84.2 258.9 280.5 86.6 277.9 259.2 78.8 247.4 248.8 83.0 249.3 225.8 78.7 222.4

Total Sugars (g) 102.2 49.0 96.0 108.1 48.9 103.9 97.5 47.6 91.7 97.7 50.1 90.5 89.1 45.6 83.7

Starch (g) 158.9 48.8 154.6 166.5 52.1 162.4 157.0 45.4 150.6 147.8 44.5 148.5 133.4 46.0 124.3

Alcohol (g) 23.0 31.3 10.8 30.0 18.9 38.1 17.3 6.6 23.9 17.9 7.7 22.6 12.7 19.2 2.8

Dietary Fibre (g) 21.1 8.6 19.8 21.3 9.1 20.2 21.0 8.5 18.8 21.0 7.8 20.3 19.6 8.7 18.4

Protein (%TE) 17.1 3.8 16.5 16.8 4.3 16.2 17.4 3.4 16.8 17.2 3.5 16.8 17.7 3.7 17.5

Fat (%TE) 34.4 6.4 34.4 33.6 6.3 33.7 35.2 5.8 34.9 34.7 7.1 34.9 34.6 7.2 34.4

Carbohydrate (%TE) 41.7 7.2 41.8 41.4 7.2 40.8 42.0 7.4 42.3 41.7 7.1 42.1 42.8 7.4 42.8

Total sugars (%TE) 15.7 5.7 15.4 15.8 5.4 15.2 15.5 5.9 15.6 15.9 6.0 15.7 16.5 6.8 16.3

Starch (%TE) 25.2 5.3 25.0 24.7 5.2 24.4 25.7 5.5 25.5 25.2 5.1 25.7 25.6 5.3 25.3

Alcohol (%TE) 6.4 8.0 3.0 7.7 8.9 5.3 5.0 6.8 1.9 5.8 7.3 2.1 4.5 6.3 1.0

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) 2.1 0.7 2.0 2.0 0.7 1.9 2.2 0.7 2.1 2.3 0.7 2.2 2.4 0.8 2.2

Protein (% FE) 18.5 4.1 18.1 18.4 4.2 18.0 18.5 3.7 18.1 18.7 4.4 18.4 18.8 4.2 18.0

Fat (%FE) 37.1 6.1 37.4 36.9 6.0 37.1 37.4 5.9 38.0 37.1 6.5 37.4 36.5 7.0 35.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.0 6.7 45.0 45.4 6.7 44.9 44.6 6.6 44.7 44.8 6.8 45.8 45.2 7.4 45.0

Sugars (%FE) 17.0 6.2 16.6 17.4 6.3 16.7 16.4 5.9 16.7 17.1 6.2 16.5 17.5 7.1 17.4

Starch (%FE) 27.1 5.0 27.3 27.0 4.8 27.0 27.3 5.2 27.4 27.0 5.1 27.5 27.0 5.0 27.0

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE) 2.3 0.7 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.0 2.3 0.7 2.2 2.4 0.7 2.3 2.5 0.9 2.3

Vitamins

Retinol (μg) 530 801 377 475 711 377 524 634 377 638 1095 378 639 632 439

Carotene (μg) 3662 3197 2824 3401 3129 2592 3739 3218 2932 4030 3269 3041 4178 3150 3627

Total vitamin A (μg) 1141 995 939 1042 918 868 1147 835 994 1310 1270 1054 1335 827 1256

Vitamin D (mg) 4.6 7.1 2.9 3.9 4.3 2.7 4.7 9.5 2.9 5.7 7.2 3.4 5.2 4.5 4.0

Vitamin E (mg) 11.6 23.5 8.7 12.9 34.2 9.3 10.1 6.2 8.8 11.3 10.8 7.9 9.8 6.7 8.0

Thiamin (mg) 2.9 5.8 1.9 3.3 6.1 2.0 2.4 3.8 1.9 2.8 7.4 1.8 2.1 2.5 1.8

Riboflavin (mg) 3.2 6.0 2.2 3.6 6.3 2.4 2.8 3.9 2.1 3.0 7.5 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.7

Niacin Equivalents (mg) 53.3 19.7 50.9 58.7 22.3 55.9 50.6 15.4 49.9 47.3 17.3 45.1 41.0 16.0 39.0

Vitamin B6 (mg) 4.1 5.4 3.2 4.4 5.4 3.4 3.7 4.5 3.0 3.9 6.4 2.9 3.1 1.9 2.6

Vitamin B12 (mg) 7.3 6.9 5.8 7.4 7.0 5.8 7.4 5.7 6.0 7.2 8.0 5.7 6.4 4.5 5.6

Folate (μg) 407 209 364 426 196 397 383 165 345 404 274 334 427 533 322

Biotin (μg) 51 37 41 54 44 42 49 31 41 47 30 41 47 34 37

Pantothenic acid (mg) 8.6 11.9 6.7 9.8 16.1 7.2 7.8 6.3 6.5 7.7 8.1 6.1 6.4 2.6 6.1

Vitamin C (mg) 114 152 72 129 168 76 96 106 65 113 170 74 102 146 65

Minerals

Calcium (mg) 1060 406 983 1122 428 1075 1036 390 935 981 374 916 908 384 858

Magnesium (mg) 336 112 323 350 121 346 328 101 309 320 106 312 285 103 271

Phosphorus (mg) 1623 467 1580 1682 503 1687 1610 455 1530 1534 398 1516 1427 470 1386

Iron (mg) 15.1 9.0 13.6 15.6 9.3 13.9 14.8 7.5 14.0 14.3 10.1 12.6 18.1 27.6 11.4

Sodium*

(mg) 3122 980 3071 3291 1006 3256 3123 959 2977 2817 889 2711 2689 1021 2638

Potassium (mg) 3491 1004 3372 3568 1076 3489 3463 958 3310 3388 923 3306 3038 945 3077

Copper (mg) 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.6 1.1

Zinc (mg) 11.8 5.6 10.8 12.4 6.9 10.7 11.6 4.3 11.1 11.2 4.3 10.2 10.2 4.2 9.6

Manganese (mg) 3.6 1.7 3.3 3.3 1.7 2.8 3.7 1.7 3.4 4.0 1.6 3.9 4.0 1.9 3.5*Excludes discretionery salt

TE, Total Energy


(n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=106)

Table 3.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes for males by age group (n=740)

All Males 18-64y Males 18-35y Males 36-50y Males 51-64y Males ≥65y

Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median


Energy (kcal) 1725 482 1706 1783 542 1762 1696 444 1684 1674 416 1682 1555 382 1508

Energy (MJ) 7.2 2.0 7.2 7.5 2.3 7.4 7.1 1.9 7.1 7.0 1.7 7.1 6.5 1.6 6.3

Protein (g) 70.4 19.8 69.4 68.6 20.5 67.1 70.6 20.2 69.9 73.1 17.8 72.0 69.4 17.8 68.7

Fat (g) 67.6 23.2 65.6 69.9 25.4 67.1 66.5 21.6 66.3 65.4 21.5 63.3 60.6 20.4 58.1

Carbohydrate (g) 199.7 59.6 194.4 205.5 63.0 198.9 196.5 57.3 194.8 194.9 56.8 187.3 187.3 50.6 181.7

Total sugars (g) 81.1 35.2 76.1 83.7 36.9 77.1 77.1 32.3 72.3 82.6 36.2 79.1 79.7 30.2 77.0

Starch (g) 114.7 35.4 111.9 117.2 39.2 113.5 115.4 33.6 114.0 109.4 30.9 108.0 102.5 29.2 104.4

Alcohol (g) 11.4 16.2 4.6 14.2 6.0 19.6 10.6 5.2 14.1 8.0 1.7 11.4 3.1 7.0 0.0

Dietary Fibre (g) 17.3 6.8 16.4 15.9 6.3 15.0 17.5 6.7 16.9 19.5 7.4 18.8 18.4 7.0 17.3

Protein (%TE) 16.7 3.8 16.2 15.7 3.3 15.2 17.0 4.0 16.5 17.9 3.7 17.5 18.0 2.9 17.7

Fat (%TE) 35.0 5.9 34.7 35.0 5.9 34.6 35.1 5.9 34.8 34.8 5.8 34.6 34.8 6.5 35.1

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.6 6.3 43.2 43.6 6.2 43.2 43.5 6.6 43.3 43.7 6.2 43.0 45.3 6.4 44.5

Total sugars (%TE) 17.5 5.6 17.4 17.7 5.8 17.6 16.9 5.1 16.6 18.3 6.0 17.8 19.1 5.1 18.9

Starch (%TE) 25.2 5.2 25.0 25.0 5.6 25.1 25.8 5.2 25.3 24.7 4.4 24.4 25.0 5.6 24.9

Alcohol (%TE) 4.3 5.5 1.8 5.1 6.2 2.7 4.1 5.1 2.1 3.2 4.7 0.8 1.4 3.0 0.0

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) 2.4 0.8 2.3 2.2 0.8 2.1 2.5 0.7 2.4 2.8 0.9 2.7 2.8 0.9 2.8

Protein (% FE) 17.6 3.8 17.2 16.7 3.4 16.1 17.8 4.2 17.3 18.6 3.7 18.1 18.3 2.8 17.9

Fat (%FE) 36.8 5.9 36.8 37.1 5.9 37.0 36.8 5.9 36.9 36.1 5.9 36.2 35.5 6.9 35.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.8 5.9 45.5 46.3 5.7 46.0 45.5 6.2 45.4 45.3 5.9 44.7 46.0 5.9 45.4

Sugars (%FE) 18.4 5.8 18.3 18.8 6.0 18.8 17.7 5.3 17.4 19.0 6.0 18.6 19.4 5.0 19.5

Starch (%FE) 26.5 5.1 26.2 26.6 5.5 26.4 26.9 5.0 26.6 25.6 4.5 25.3 25.4 5.6 25.2

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE) 2.6 0.8 2.4 2.3 0.8 2.2 2.6 0.8 2.5 2.9 0.9 2.8 2.9 0.8 2.8

Vitamins

Retinol (μg) 423 663 279 370 454 252 402 677 283 543 888 339 638 1020 338

Carotene (μg) 3629 3317 2595 2679 2635 1858 4084 3321 3310 4522 3904 3515 4402 3160 3913

Total vitamin A (μg) 1028 896 819 816 646 632 1083 865 880 1296 1177 973 1371 1213 1046

Vitamin D (mg) 3.9 5.2 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.2 3.5 3.4 2.5 6.0 8.7 4.0 8.5 13.6 3.9

Vitamin E (mg) 12.5 30.8 7.7 9.1 8.2 7.2 13.9 43.4 7.7 16.2 31.3 8.5 18.9 52.2 7.5

Thiamin (mg) 3.4 10.8 1.4 4.3 14.0 1.4 2.2 4.2 1.4 3.8 11.6 1.5 3.5 12.1 1.5

Riboflavin (mg) 3.3 9.2 1.6 3.6 10.7 1.6 2.3 4.0 1.6 4.0 11.8 1.6 3.7 11.4 1.6

Niacin Equivalents (mg) 38.8 24.2 34.5 38.8 17.5 36.7 38.0 23.9 34.2 40.0 32.9 33.8 42.8 57.7 31.7

Vitamin B6 (mg) 4.2 10.9 2.2 4.5 11.4 2.1 3.2 5.0 2.2 5.4 15.5 2.4 5.4 20.7 2.2

Vitamin B12 (mg) 8.0 45.3 4.3 11.1 71.1 4.0 5.4 5.3 4.3 6.9 10.7 4.6 6.5 6.9 5.0

Folate (μg) 339 388 269 337 466 248 301 156 268 399 476 292 357 271 270

Biotin (μg) 57 358 31 40 42 27 42 34 32 108 728 36 149 1096 33

Pantothenic acid (mg) 7.4 12.7 5.0 7.3 11.0 4.9 6.6 8.6 4.9 9.0 19.0 5.4 7.9 9.4 5.4

Vitamin C (mg) 141 304 78 146 384 77 103 108 76 192 344 86 132 333 90

Minerals

Calcium (mg) 824 356 763 794 315 736 824 397 751 874 352 810 995 573 817

Magnesium (mg) 255 93 240 242 84 231 259 101 245 270 91 258 262 132 238

Phosphorus (mg) 1174 337 1145 1144 342 1099 1174 327 1145 1225 338 1212 1173 364 1106

Iron (mg) 13.7 18.4 10.4 15.1 24.4 10.2 12.8 12.8 10.6 12.8 13.0 10.2 13.8 24.1 9.6

Sodium*

(mg) 2268 748 2206 2385 799 2277 2220 710 2202 2145 691 2112 2035 634 1994

Potassium (mg) 2690 925 2594 2507 744 2459 2781 1134 2664 2855 789 2750 2721 753 2641

Copper (mg) 1.3 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9

Zinc (mg) 9.0 5.9 7.8 8.5 5.5 7.3 8.7 5.0 7.6 10.1 7.5 8.6 10.7 17.8 7.8

Manganese (mg) 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 4.9 2.5 3.3 1.5 2.9 3.7 1.6 3.4 3.6 1.9 3.3*Excludes discretionery salt

TE, Total Energy


Females ≥65y

(n=120)

All Females 18-64y

(n=640)

Table 3.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of daily energy, macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes for females by age group (n=760)

(n=255)

Females 18-35y Females 36-50y

(n=232)

Females 51-64y

(n=153)

Chapter 3 - Nutrient Intakes- Energy

Table 3.4 Contribution (% & kcal) of food groups to mean daily energy intakes by gender and age group

Table 3.5 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for males by demographic variables and age group

Table 3.6 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for females by demographic variables and age group

% kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal % kcal

Meat & meat products 17 354 19 440 19 474 20 447 17 371 16 268 16 279 16 257 16 266 17 290 18 342 16 243

Bread & rolls 14 283 14 326 12 300 15 335 17 359 14 240 13 221 15 254 15 249 17 290 18 356 15 232

Potatoes & potato dishes 7 152 8 180 7 185 8 179 8 173 7 125 7 131 7 122 7 117 7 122 8 145 7 102

Milk & yoghurt 7 144 7 167 7 177 7 162 7 154 7 121 7 112 8 130 7 122 8 140 6 121 10 156

Sugars, confectionery, preserves & savoury snacks 6 133 6 144 6 170 6 134 5 108 7 122 9 160 6 104 5 85 4 72 4 87 4 59

Alcoholic Beverages 6 135 7 182 9 236 6 140 7 143 5 89 6 113 4 81 3 60 3 62 5 103 2 25

Grains, rice, pasta and savouries. 6 117 6 141 8 196 5 112 3 80 5 93 7 124 5 78 4 63 2 41 2 41 3 40

Breakfast cereals 6 113 6 133 6 140 6 139 5 115 6 93 5 86 6 94 6 101 6 109 6 109 7 109

Biscuits, cakes & pastries 6 118 5 129 4 105 5 136 7 161 6 107 5 84 7 121 7 124 6 111 6 125 6 99

Butter, spreading fats & oils 4 84 4 99 3 84 4 102 5 124 4 69 3 55 4 74 5 83 6 118 7 145 6 93

Vegetables & vegetable dishes 4 69 3 68 2 62 3 76 3 66 4 71 4 71 4 71 4 72 3 53 2 45 4 60

Fruit & fruit juices 4 70 3 70 3 71 3 66 3 75 4 69 3 59 4 66 5 92 5 91 4 80 7 101

Soups, sauces & miscellaneous foods 3 55 2 58 3 73 2 54 2 36 3 52 3 63 3 46 2 43 2 38 2 42 2 34

Other 11 234 11 259 281 10 238 11 250 12 208 12 226 11 198 12 197 13 220 12 241 13 202

Total 100 2060 100 2396 89 2554 100 2321 100 2217 100 1725 100 1784 100 1696 100 1673 100 1755 100 1983 100 1555

MalesAll 18-64y

18-64y

Table 3.4 Contribution (% & kcal) of food groups to mean daily energy intakes by gender and age group

All ≥65y

≥65y

(n=153)

18-64y

(n=640)

18-35y

(n=255)

51-64y

(n=106) (n=120)

FemalesMales

36-50y

(n=232)

51-64y

(n=153) (n=226)

Females

36-50y

(n=205)(n=1274)

18-64y

(n=634)

18-35y

(n=276)

n Mean SD Median n Mean SD Median

Location

Open country/village (<1499) 188 10.2 2.6 10.1 23 8.5 2.6 8.8

Small town (1500-9999) 25 10.7 2.6 10.0 1 14.2 N/A 14.2

Large town (> 10'000) 252 9.9 2.9 9.7 22 7.9 3.0 7.0

City (Cork/Dublin) 169 10.1 2.6 10.0 60 8.3 2.4 8.0

Education*

Primary 42 9.3 3.0 9.5 36 8.4 2.9 8.2

Intermediate 151 10.0 2.4 9.9 23 7.5 2.3 7.3

Secondary 164 10.6 2.9 10.5 18 8.3 2.7 7.6

Tertiary 266 9.9 2.7 9.9 28 9.1 2.4 9.0

Social Class†

Professional/managerial/technical 275 9.9 2.7 9.9 47 8.8 2.5 8.7

Non-manual skilled 94 9.7 2.5 9.5 19 7.5 2.4 7.8

Manual skilled 105 10.0 2.7 9.8 26 8.5 2.9 7.6

Semi-skilled/unskilled (includes students) 148 10.9 2.8 10.8 10 7.9 2.8 8.2*Excludes 12 missing values

†Excludes 16 missing values

18-64y ≥65y

(n=1274) (n=226)

Table 3.5 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for males by demographic variables and age group

n Mean SD Median n Mean SD Median

Location

Open country/village (<1499) 215 7.2 1.9 7.4 23 6.4 1.6 6.2

Small town (1500-9999) 30 7.7 2.0 7.8 2 6.9 0.0 6.9

Large town (> 10'000) 208 7.0 2.0 6.9 39 6.5 1.4 6.3

City (Cork/Dublin) 187 7.4 2.1 7.2 56 6.6 1.8 6.4

Education*

Primary 31 6.0 1.5 6.1 30 6.3 1.3 6.2

Intermediate 100 7.2 2.0 7.1 27 6.8 2.0 6.5

Secondary 141 7.1 2.0 6.9 26 6.8 1.7 6.9

Tertiary 356 7.5 2.0 7.5 32 6.5 1.4 6.1

Social Class†

Professional/managerial/technical 295 7.4 1.8 7.4 53 6.5 1.6 6.5

Non-manual skilled 133 7.3 2.1 7.1 21 7.1 1.9 6.9

Manual skilled 65 6.7 1.9 6.5 17 6.6 1.1 6.3

Semi-skilled/unskilled (includes students) 114 7.3 2.0 7.0 13 6.3 1.8 5.8*Excludes 17 missing values

†Excludes 49 missing values

18-64y ≥65y

(n=1274) (n=226)

Table 3.6 Mean, SD and median values of daily energy intake (MJ/day) for females by demographic variables and age group

Chapter 3 - Nutrient Intakes - Macronutrients

Table 3.7 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily protein intakes by gender and age group

Table 3.8 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily fat intakes by gender and age group

Table 3.9 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily carbohydrate intakes by gender and age group

Table 3.10 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for all adults aged 18-64 years by geographical location

Table 3.11 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 18-64 years by geographical location

Table 3.12 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for all adults aged 65 years and over by geographical location

Table 3.13 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 65 years and over by geographical location

Table 3.14 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by level of education*

Table 3.15 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 18-64 years by level of education*

Table 3.16 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by level of education*

Table 3.17 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 65 years and over by level of education*

Table 3.18 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by social class*

Table 3.19 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females aged 18-64 years by social class*

Table 3.20 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by social class*

Table 3.21 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females aged 65 years and over by social class*

% g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g


Bread & rolls 12 10 12 12 11 11 12 12 14 12 12 8 12 8 13 9 12 9 14 10 15 13 12 8

Milk & yoghurt 10 8 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 9 10 7 10 7 11 8 10 8 11 8 8 7 13 9

Fish & fish products 6 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 8 8 7 5 6 4 7 5 7 6 9 7 10 9 8 6

Grains, rice, pasta and savouries 5 4 5 5 7 7 4 4 3 3 4 3 6 4 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1


Cheeses 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2

Potatoes & potato products 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 2


Eggs & egg dishes 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2


Other 8 7 7 8 9 10 6 6 6 6 8 6 9 6 8 6 8 5 7 6 7 6 8 5

Total 100 85 100 100 100 105 100 99 100 93 100 70 100 69 100 71 100 73 100 77 100 85 100 69

(n=106) (n=120)(n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226)(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153)

51-64y51-64y

Males FemalesAll

Table 3.7 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily protein intakes by gender and age group

18-64y ≥65y

Males FemalesAll

18-64y 18-35y 36-50y18-64y 18-35y 36-50y

% g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g


Butter, spreading fats & oils 11 9 11 11 9 9 12 11 15 14 11 8 9 6 12 8 13 9 17 13 19 16 15 10

Milk & yoghurt 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 7 5 7 5 8 5 7 4 9 6 7 5 10 6




Bread & rolls 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 6 5 6 4 5 3 6 4 6 4 6 4 7 5 5 3

Cheeses 5 4 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 6 4 5 3 4 3 4 3 5 4 4 2




Eggs & egg dishes 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 3 3 4 2

Fish & fish products 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 2 2 4 2 4 3 5 3 5 4 5 3

Creams, ice-creams & chilled desserts 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 4 3 4 3


Other 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 4 3

Total 100 80 100 92 100 95 100 91 100 86 100 68 100 70 100 66 100 65 100 69 100 78 100 61

(n=106) (n=120)(n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226)(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153)

51-64y36-50y18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y

All Males FemalesAll

Table 3.8 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily fat intakes by gender and age group

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

% g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g

Bread & rolls 24 53 24 62 21 58 25 64 29 69 23 45 21 42 24 48 24 46 27 55 31 67 24 44







Milk & yoghurt 6 14 6 16 6 17 6 15 6 15 7 13 6 12 7 13 7 14 7 14 5 12 9 17

Beverages (non-alcoholic) 6 15 7 19 9 26 6 15 4 10 5 11 8 17 3 7 2 5 2 4 2 5 2 4



Creams, ice-creams & chilled desserts 2 5 2 4 1 3 2 4 2 6 2 5 2 5 2 5 3 5 3 7 4 9 3 6


Other 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 3

Total 100 233 100 266 100 281 100 259 100 249 100 200 100 205 100 196 100 195 100 205 100 226 100 187

(n=106) (n=120)(n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226)(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153)

51-64y36-50y18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y


Table 3.9 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily carbohydrate intakes by gender and age group

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median

Protein (g) 85.6 26.8 82.1 88.8 34.4 82.9 85.6 30.0 82.3 83.7 27.8 80.7

Fat (g) 80.3 30.5 77.8 85.9 27.6 85.0 77.6 30.3 74.0 80.8 30.0 79.2

Carbohydrate (g) 234.2 78.8 222.6 251.1 82.6 248.5 230.5 83.5 216.3 230.8 76.5 224.5

Sugars (g) 91.2 42.2 86.5 102.4 53.1 101.5 89.2 43.6 82.1 93.4 44.5 88.6

Starch (g) 138.7 47.9 132.4 142.9 44.2 136.4 136.8 50.1 131.9 133.4 45.8 126.2

Alcohol (g) 13.4 21.0 3.0 12.3 16.8 4.2 19.7 28.3 10.5 18.9 26.9 8.8

Protein (%TE) 17.1 3.6 16.7 16.7 4.7 15.8 17.0 3.7 16.2 16.6 4.0 16.1

Fat (%TE) 35.1 6.1 34.9 36.0 5.7 35.5 33.9 5.8 33.9 35.1 6.6 35.0

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.2 6.7 42.9 43.7 7.7 42.0 42.4 6.7 42.3 42.2 7.2 42.5

Total sugars (%TE) 16.7 5.5 16.5 17.7 7.6 16.5 16.3 5.4 16.2 16.9 6.0 16.6

Starch (%TE) 25.7 5.2 25.3 25.0 4.4 24.6 25.3 5.2 24.9 24.6 5.5 24.6

Alcohol (%TE) 4.2 6.1 1.2 3.5 4.3 1.6 6.2 7.4 4.0 5.8 7.3 3.1

Protein (%FE) 18.1 3.8 17.8 17.4 4.9 16.4 18.3 3.9 17.8 17.7 4.2 17.4

Fat (%FE) 36.9 5.9 36.8 37.5 6.3 37.0 36.5 5.7 36.9 37.5 6.4 37.5

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.3 6.1 45.3 45.3 6.9 44.5 45.6 5.9 45.2 45.2 7.0 45.2

Sugars (%FE) 17.5 5.5 17.3 18.3 7.5 18.3 17.5 5.5 17.4 18.2 6.8 17.7

Starch (%FE) 26.9 5.0 27.1 26.0 4.3 25.7 27.2 5.1 26.9 26.2 5.2 26.3

TE, Total Energy


(n=403) (n=55) (n=460) (n=356)

Table 3.10 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for all adults aged 18-64 years by geographical location

Open Country/village Small town Large town City


Males

Protein (g) 101.5 26.5 100.4 104.6 38.9 97.9 100.1 29.5 97.5 98.1 26.9 93.2

Fat (g) 94.9 32.3 89.0 100.9 28.4 105.6 88.9 30.6 85.6 91.7 32.1 87.8

Carbohydrate (g) 273.7 79.7 274.8 290.5 80.0 287.0 261.3 89.2 250.4 260.5 81.7 255.4

Sugars (g) 103.6 47.8 98.1 111.9 55.2 111.0 99.0 48.9 88.2 103.7 49.5 102.5

Starch (g) 165.4 46.3 158.4 170.6 40.1 181.0 157.2 51.7 154.7 152.4 47.4 148.4

Alcohol (g) 17.3 25.3 4.3 16.3 17.8 11.6 24.9 34.2 14.9 27.3 33.4 14.4

Protein (%TE) 17.2 3.8 16.5 16.5 3.7 16.4 17.3 4.0 16.7 16.7 3.7 16.4

Fat (%TE) 35.1 6.1 34.7 35.7 6.0 35.9 33.8 6.0 34.0 34.3 7.2 34.4

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.6 7.0 42.4 43.1 8.1 40.5 41.4 7.2 41.3 40.8 7.4 41.7

Total sugars (%TE) 15.9 5.7 15.5 16.4 7.0 14.5 15.4 5.4 15.3 16.0 6.0 15.7

Starch (%TE) 26.0 5.1 26.2 25.4 3.8 24.6 25.2 5.3 24.8 24.2 5.5 24.9

Alcohol (%TE) 4.7 6.7 1.3 4.2 4.4 2.7 6.9 8.4 4.6 7.7 8.8 4.6

Protein (%FE) 18.2 4.1 18.0 17.3 4.1 17.4 18.9 4.1 18.3 18.4 3.9 18.1

Fat (%FE) 37.1 5.9 36.9 37.5 6.7 38.4 36.8 5.8 37.2 37.5 6.6 37.5

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.1 6.4 45.2 44.9 7.2 44.7 44.9 6.3 44.8 44.9 7.6 45.1

Sugars (%FE) 16.7 5.7 16.6 17.0 6.9 15.9 16.7 5.5 16.5 17.7 7.4 16.9

Starch (%FE) 27.5 5.0 27.7 26.6 3.9 26.0 27.3 5.1 27.3 26.4 5.1 26.9

Females

Protein (g) 71.7 18.0 70.5 75.6 23.5 75.7 68.0 19.3 67.6 70.7 21.5 68.5

Fat (g) 67.5 22.0 66.3 73.4 19.9 73.6 63.9 23.5 60.2 70.9 24.1 69.2

Carbohydrate (g) 199.6 59.6 198.2 218.2 70.3 210.4 193.3 57.2 188.3 203.9 60.0 198.6

Sugars (g) 80.3 33.1 78.0 94.4 50.8 79.8 77.2 32.4 72.8 84.1 37.1 76.6

Starch (g) 115.3 35.4 114.9 119.9 33.1 121.2 112.0 34.8 108.0 116.1 36.6 111.8

Alcohol (g) 9.9 15.6 2.7 9.0 15.5 2.9 13.4 16.8 8.4 11.3 16.0 4.5

Protein (%TE) 17.1 16.8 3.4 16.9 5.5 15.7 16.6 3.3 15.9 16.4 4.3 15.9

Fat (%TE) 35.1 35.3 6.1 36.3 5.5 35.1 34.0 5.5 33.7 35.7 6.0 35.5

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.6 43.1 6.4 44.2 7.4 42.9 43.6 5.8 43.1 43.5 6.7 43.3

Total sugars (%TE) 17.4 17.4 5.2 18.8 8.0 19.3 17.3 5.3 17.1 17.8 6.0 17.5

Starch (%TE) 25.4 25.1 5.2 24.7 4.8 24.8 25.4 5.0 25.1 24.9 5.5 24.6

Alcohol (%TE) 3.7 1.1 5.4 2.9 4.2 1.2 5.3 6.0 3.3 4.0 5.1 1.8

Protein (%FE) 17.9 3.6 17.3 17.5 5.5 16.0 17.6 3.4 17.1 17.1 4.2 16.7

Fat (%FE) 36.7 6.0 36.8 37.5 6.1 36.1 36.1 5.5 36.5 37.5 6.1 37.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.5 5.9 45.3 45.6 6.8 44.1 46.3 5.4 45.7 45.5 6.5 45.5

Sugars (%FE) 18.2 5.3 17.9 19.3 7.9 19.6 18.3 5.4 18.6 18.6 6.2 18.4

Starch (%FE) 26.4 4.9 26.6 25.5 4.6 25.4 27.0 5.1 26.4 26.1 5.3 26.0

TE, Total Energy


(n=215)

(n=25) (n=252) (n=169)

(n=187)(n=208)(n=30)

Table 3.11 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 18-64 years by geographical location


(n=188)


Protein (g) 78.3 20.4 76.8 75.9 26.2 65.2 73.0 18.4 73.5 78.2 24.9 76.9

Fat (g) 71.0 28.0 69.7 115.8 82.5 78.2 64.1 28.2 57.1 68.7 27.1 65.6

Carbohydrate (g) 203.9 78.2 189.7 203.9 34.9 191.4 195.2 65.3 177.3 211.3 65.6 204.2

Sugars (g) 76.7 43.4 67.7 83.8 11.2 81.6 78.9 38.6 70.3 89.8 36.0 87.5

Starch (g) 124.9 49.6 114.4 116.5 44.7 94.5 110.1 36.8 110.5 117.6 39.1 113.2

Alcohol (g) 7.0 17.7 0.0 17.0 14.7 25.1 7.9 12.7 0.0 7.5 14.8 0.0

Protein (%TE) 18.4 3.7 17.8 14.0 1.8 13.7 18.0 3.3 17.7 17.7 3.1 17.6

Fat (%TE) 35.9 7.3 37.8 43.4 11.7 42.4 34.1 6.9 34.3 34.4 6.3 33.9

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.9 5.9 42.7 36.8 8.8 40.4 44.2 7.9 44.7 44.8 6.7 44.3

Total sugars (%TE) 15.9 5.7 16.5 16.1 7.1 18.6 17.7 6.2 18.0 18.9 6.0 18.8

Starch (%TE) 26.5 6.0 26.3 19.9 1.4 19.9 25.2 6.4 24.6 25.0 4.6 25.0

Alcohol (%TE) 2.5 5.6 0.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 3.2 5.0 0.0 2.7 5.0 0.0

Protein (%FE) 19.1 4.1 18.0 14.9 2.6 13.7 18.7 3.6 18.2 18.3 3.2 17.9

Fat (%FE) 36.8 6.7 37.8 46.0 11.8 42.4 35.5 7.5 35.2 35.5 6.4 34.4

Carbohydrate (%FE) 44.4 7.2 43.6 39.2 9.3 43.2 45.7 6.9 45.5 46.2 6.1 46.0

Sugars (%FE) 16.5 6.5 16.5 17.1 7.3 21.1 18.3 6.2 18.9 19.5 5.9 19.0

Starch (%FE) 27.4 6.1 27.0 21.2 1.4 21.4 26.1 6.0 25.8 25.8 4.6 25.8

TE, Total Energy


Table 3.12 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for all adults aged 65 years and over by geographical location

(n=46) (n=3) (n=61) (n=116)



Males

Protein (g) 88.2 21.6 88.1 105.7 n/a 105.7 79.0 21.4 77.8 85.9 25.9 85.7

Fat (g) 78.2 31.8 73.9 210.4 n/a 210.4 77.9 37.6 65.9 75.0 30.1 70.0

Carbohydrate (g) 236.0 90.7 228.9 243.4 n/a 243.4 201.9 83.5 179.5 230.4 72.2 233.9

Sugars (g) 87.5 54.1 64.7 73.9 n/a 73.9 78.7 48.8 67.2 93.8 41.1 98.9

Starch (g) 146.3 55.6 133.0 168.0 n/a 168.0 119.0 43.4 116.2 133.2 42.3 121.7

Alcohol (g) 11.4 23.6 0.0 25.8 n/a 25.8 13.5 16.5 3.4 12.8 18.6 4.1

Protein (%TE) 18.2 4.0 17.8 12.4 n/a 12.4 17.7 3.8 17.2 17.6 3.5 17.4

Fat (%TE) 34.4 8.3 36.5 55.6 n/a 55.6 36.5 7.3 35.3 33.7 6.1 33.6

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.2 6.8 41.7 26.8 n/a 26.8 40.2 7.8 40.4 43.8 7.1 43.5

Total sugars (%TE) 15.5 6.8 15.9 8.1 n/a 8.1 15.3 7.0 16.1 17.5 6.6 16.6

Starch (%TE) 27.2 6.5 28.2 18.5 n/a 18.5 24.0 4.9 23.9 25.6 4.7 25.8

Alcohol (%TE) 3.8 7.3 0.0 5.3 n/a 5.3 5.1 6.0 1.2 4.5 6.2 1.5

Protein (%FE) 19.3 4.7 18.2 13.2 n/a 13.2 18.9 4.9 17.5 18.7 3.8 18.1

Fat (%FE) 35.8 7.1 36.5 59.1 n/a 59.1 38.8 7.0 37.1 35.5 6.2 34.9

Saturated fat (%FE) 14.3 4.8 14.0 31.6 n/a 31.6 14.1 3.9 13.2 13.2 3.0 12.9

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.8 8.9 45.2 28.5 n/a 28.5 42.6 7.0 43.6 46.1 6.4 45.6

Sugars (%FE) 16.7 8.2 15.9 8.7 n/a 8.7 16.2 7.1 17.2 18.4 6.7 18.0

Starch (%FE) 28.6 6.4 28.5 19.7 n/a 19.7 25.4 4.3 24.8 27.0 4.5 27.4

Females

Protein (g) 68.3 13.1 68.3 61.0 6.0 61.0 69.6 15.7 69.2 70.0 21.1 69.0

Fat (g) 63.7 21.9 61.0 68.5 13.8 68.5 56.3 17.3 54.2 62.0 21.8 61.8

Carbohydrate (g) 171.7 46.2 166.7 184.2 10.2 184.2 191.3 53.3 175.7 190.9 50.9 193.8

Sugars (g) 66.0 26.3 68.1 88.7 10.1 88.7 79.1 32.3 75.9 85.5 29.4 82.8

Starch (g) 103.5 31.3 108.5 90.8 5.3 90.8 105.0 31.9 104.7 100.8 27.1 103.9

Alcohol (g) 2.7 6.2 0.0 12.5 17.7 12.5 4.8 8.8 0.0 1.8 4.7 0.0

Protein (%TE) 18.6 3.5 17.8 14.8 1.6 14.8 18.2 3.0 17.9 17.8 2.6 17.7

Fat (%TE) 37.4 6.1 39.4 37.3 7.3 37.3 32.8 6.4 33.5 35.1 6.4 33.9

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.5 5.0 42.8 41.8 2.0 41.8 46.4 7.1 45.8 45.8 6.1 46.1

Total sugars (%TE) 16.2 4.5 17.2 20.1 2.1 20.1 19.0 5.4 18.9 20.4 4.8 20.6

Starch (%TE) 25.7 5.6 25.9 20.6 1.0 20.6 25.9 7.0 25.6 24.3 4.4 24.1

Alcohol (%TE) 1.2 2.7 0.0 5.3 7.6 5.3 2.2 4.0 0.0 0.7 1.8 0.0

Protein (%FE) 18.9 3.5 17.8 15.8 3.0 15.8 18.6 2.6 18.5 17.9 2.5 17.8

Fat (%FE) 37.9 6.3 39.4 39.4 4.3 39.4 33.7 7.3 33.5 35.5 6.7 34.1

Carbohydrate (%FE) 43.0 4.7 43.5 44.5 1.8 44.5 47.4 6.3 46.9 46.2 5.9 46.5

Sugars (%FE) 16.4 4.5 17.2 21.4 0.4 21.4 19.5 5.3 19.8 20.6 4.7 20.6

Starch (%FE) 26.1 5.8 25.9 21.9 0.8 21.9 26.4 6.9 26.4 24.5 4.3 24.9

TE, Total Energy


Small town Large town City Open Country/village

(n=22) (n=60)

Table 3.13 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 65 years and over by geographical location

(n=56)(n=39)(n=2)

(n=1)

(n=23)

(n=23)


Protein (g) 81.4 28.2 79.0 86.6 28.7 83.8 86.8 31.4 82.8 84.5 26.9 81.4

Fat (g) 75.5 35.1 68.0 84.3 29.8 83.1 82.0 31.0 78.2 77.5 29.0 74.5

Carbohydrate (g) 203.9 79.1 191.4 237.8 77.8 229.7 240.9 85.8 229.6 231.5 77.2 221.2

Sugars (g) 74.4 40.0 72.7 91.3 44.1 88.1 95.0 47.0 85.1 92.8 42.3 87.5

Starch (g) 126.5 46.0 120.8 142.9 47.2 136.0 141.5 52.8 135.4 133.7 45.4 127.5

Alcohol (g) 14.3 23.5 3.1 16.1 25.6 1.1 19.8 31.4 6.3 16.8 22.3 9.0

Protein (%TE) 17.8 3.4 17.3 16.7 4.2 16.3 16.6 3.5 16.2 17.0 3.7 16.3

Fat (%TE) 35.8 7.1 35.4 35.8 6.7 35.6 34.6 5.8 34.2 34.1 5.8 33.9

Carbohydrate (%TE) 41.1 7.3 42.1 42.3 7.1 42.5 42.8 7.0 42.7 43.0 6.6 42.7

Total sugars (%TE) 14.7 4.9 14.8 16.1 6.0 15.7 16.8 5.8 16.5 17.1 5.5 16.8

Starch (% TE) 25.7 5.4 26.7 25.6 5.3 25.2 25.2 5.4 24.9 25.0 5.1 24.8

Alcohol (%TE) 4.8 7.1 1.2 4.8 7.1 0.3 5.5 7.4 2.4 5.6 6.7 3.3

Protein (%FE) 19.0 4.2 18.3 17.7 4.3 17.5 17.7 3.6 17.4 18.1 3.9 17.7

Fat (%FE) 38.0 7.2 38.5 37.9 6.5 38.3 37.0 5.6 36.7 36.4 5.7 36.7

Carbohydrate (%FE) 43.6 6.8 44.3 44.7 6.7 44.7 45.6 6.1 45.9 45.8 6.1 45.4

Sugars (%FE) 15.6 5.2 16.5 17.0 6.3 16.3 17.9 6.0 17.7 18.2 5.8 17.8

Starch (%FE) 27.3 5.1 27.5 27.1 5.2 27.2 26.9 5.1 26.6 26.6 5.0 26.4

TE, Total Energy

FE, Food Energy (excluding ethanol)*Excludes 23 missing values

(n=73) (n=251) (n=305) (n=622)


Primary Intermediate Secondary Tertiary


Males

Protein (g) 94.4 27.9 91.7 98.8 26.1 93.8 103.1 32.0 101.2 99.8 27.1 97.1

Fat (g) 89.0 38.1 85.4 93.9 29.5 89.9 95.4 31.6 92.1 89.3 31.2 85.3

Carbohydrate (g) 232.2 84.3 235.6 266.1 74.5 260.1 277.8 88.1 265.6 265.8 85.6 260.3

Sugars (g) 85.3 44.6 83.2 101.8 43.9 98.9 107.1 53.0 96.8 103.0 49.3 98.1

Starch (g) 143.5 48.6 145.7 160.5 45.8 158.3 165.8 53.5 158.1 157.1 46.6 152.6

Alcohol (g) 21.4 28.3 10.0 20.6 29.8 4.7 28.5 37.9 14.6 21.3 27.6 11.4

Protein (%TE) 17.5 2.9 17.1 16.8 3.8 16.5 16.6 3.6 16.4 17.3 3.8 16.4

Fat (%TE) 35.8 7.9 36.6 35.2 6.8 35.5 34.0 6.0 34.0 33.8 5.9 33.8

Carbohydrate (%TE) 39.5 7.8 40.7 41.7 6.9 42.2 41.7 7.7 41.6 42.1 7.1 42.0

Total sugars (%TE) 14.1 4.7 14.5 15.8 5.6 15.7 15.8 6.2 15.0 16.0 5.5 15.8

Starch (% TE) 24.7 5.8 25.1 25.3 5.1 25.1 25.1 5.8 24.4 25.2 5.0 25.1

Alcohol (%TE) 6.6 8.4 2.8 5.7 8.0 1.5 7.2 8.5 4.8 6.2 7.7 3.8

Protein (%FE) 19.4 4.5 18.8 18.1 3.9 17.8 18.2 3.7 17.9 18.7 4.1 18.2

Fat (%FE) 39.0 7.8 39.7 37.7 6.4 38.1 37.1 5.8 37.5 36.4 5.6 36.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 43.0 7.4 44.9 44.8 6.5 44.7 45.3 6.8 45.5 45.4 6.5 45.1

Sugars (%FE) 15.4 5.3 15.4 17.0 6.1 16.3 17.3 6.4 16.8 17.2 6.1 16.8

Starch (%FE) 26.8 5.5 27.3 27.1 4.9 27.2 27.2 5.3 27.1 27.2 4.8 27.3

Females

Protein (g) 63.8 17.1 61.9 68.1 21.7 67.6 67.9 16.8 65.4 73.0 20.3 71.9

Fat (g) 57.2 19.1 56.0 69.8 23.9 70.8 66.4 21.8 65.2 68.6 23.6 66.2

Carbohydrate (g) 165.6 51.7 155.3 195.0 61.5 189.0 197.9 59.0 192.1 205.9 58.5 200.6

Sugars (g) 59.5 26.9 53.6 75.5 39.5 67.6 80.8 33.8 75.0 85.2 34.3 79.9

Starch (g) 103.4 29.8 92.2 116.3 35.5 117.3 113.3 35.2 111.8 116.3 35.6 112.1

Alcohol (g) 4.6 7.6 0.0 9.3 15.5 0.0 9.6 16.6 2.1 13.5 16.6 7.9

Protein (%TE) 18.1 4.1 17.3 16.5 4.7 16.1 16.5 3.3 16.0 16.7 3.6 16.2

Fat (%TE) 35.8 6.0 34.5 36.6 6.5 36.2 35.2 5.4 34.5 34.3 5.8 34.2

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.3 6.0 42.7 43.1 7.4 43.0 44.1 5.8 44.5 43.6 6.2 43.0

Total sugars (%TE) 15.5 5.2 16.5 16.4 6.6 15.7 17.8 5.2 17.7 17.9 5.4 17.5

Starch (% TE) 27.1 4.3 27.6 26.0 5.6 25.6 25.5 5.0 25.1 24.7 5.2 24.6

Alcohol (%TE) 2.3 3.9 0.0 3.4 5.3 0.0 3.6 5.3 0.7 5.1 5.7 3.3

Protein (%FE) 18.6 3.9 18.1 17.1 4.8 16.9 17.3 3.4 16.9 17.7 3.7 17.2

Fat (%FE) 36.7 6.1 36.6 38.1 6.6 38.5 36.8 5.4 36.3 36.3 5.8 36.8

Carbohydrate (%FE) 44.4 5.7 44.2 44.7 7.0 44.0 46.0 5.3 46.6 46.1 5.8 45.6

Sugars (%FE) 15.9 5.1 17.3 17.0 6.6 16.2 18.6 5.4 18.6 19.0 5.5 18.8

Starch (%FE) 27.8 4.4 27.7 27.0 5.5 27.3 26.5 4.8 26.4 26.2 5.1 25.8

TE, Total Energy


Table 3.15 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 18-64 years by level of education*

(n=42) (n=151) (n=164) (n=266)


(n=31) (n=100) (n=141) (n=356)


Protein (g) 77.2 24.0 73.6 74.4 23.9 74.5 75.7 16.9 73.2 80.2 23.6 77.5

Fat (g) 71.1 28.8 67.3 66.2 29.0 63.8 68.7 30.6 63.2 69.5 29.1 63.5

Carbohydrate (g) 201.3 74.7 185.0 200.8 60.6 198.9 209.5 70.5 198.5 216.2 64.3 206.6

Sugars (g) 77.2 42.5 68.7 81.4 33.0 79.9 87.2 36.6 80.7 95.2 36.6 90.5

Starch (g) 121.4 45.9 113.8 116.3 38.4 114.3 115.3 42.2 108.8 116.1 37.5 111.0

Alcohol (g) 7.2 16.6 0.0 6.6 11.6 0.0 7.7 18.1 0.0 9.7 13.2 2.1

Protein (%TE) 18.0 3.9 17.8 17.7 3.1 17.3 17.7 3.0 17.7 17.7 2.8 17.5

Fat (%TE) 36.1 6.0 36.1 34.2 6.9 33.3 34.8 8.6 34.7 33.6 6.2 32.9

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.1 6.8 43.9 44.7 7.5 43.5 44.5 7.4 44.6 44.5 6.7 43.7

Total sugars (%TE) 16.2 6.2 16.4 18.2 6.6 17.4 18.6 5.7 18.4 19.4 5.2 19.2

Starch (% TE) 26.2 5.9 25.8 25.9 4.9 25.8 24.5 5.6 24.5 24.1 5.0 23.8

Alcohol (%TE) 2.4 4.9 0.0 2.9 5.3 0.0 2.6 5.8 0.0 3.6 4.8 1.0

Protein (%FE) 18.5 4.1 18.0 18.4 3.5 17.6 18.4 3.4 18.0 18.5 3.0 18.0

Fat (%FE) 37.3 6.5 36.2 35.4 6.8 34.9 35.8 8.3 35.3 35.1 6.6 34.8

Carbohydrate (%FE) 44.2 5.8 44.2 46.3 6.9 45.7 46.2 8.4 45.2 46.4 5.9 45.9

Sugars (%FE) 16.6 6.2 16.9 18.8 6.4 17.9 19.4 6.2 18.6 20.2 5.2 20.4

Starch (%FE) 26.9 5.6 26.4 26.8 4.9 27.0 25.4 6.0 25.3 25.1 4.8 25.0

TE, Total Energy


(n=66) (n=50) (n=44) (n=60)




Males

Protein (g) 87.7 23.3 88.7 78.9 28.3 80.7 78.5 17.0 80.0 92.2 24.1 89.3

Fat (g) 79.2 34.1 72.1 70.3 30.7 65.1 77.2 40.1 70.8 82.6 34.3 80.6

Carbohydrate (g) 225.2 88.3 211.1 202.7 67.8 209.5 224.8 87.2 201.5 249.1 64.9 252.7

Sugars (g) 83.4 51.9 77.7 76.3 35.4 65.0 88.6 47.1 76.3 109.4 37.6 117.2

Starch (g) 139.1 51.4 129.5 123.5 44.5 118.2 133.2 45.4 124.5 135.0 42.0 130.1

Alcohol (g) 10.5 21.0 0.0 10.8 14.8 0.0 15.9 25.8 4.4 15.6 15.1 14.0

Protein (%TE) 18.6 4.5 18.2 17.8 3.9 17.4 16.6 2.8 16.7 17.3 2.6 17.2

Fat (%TE) 35.4 6.0 34.4 34.5 7.0 33.9 35.1 11.2 34.7 33.4 5.8 33.1

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.5 7.4 43.2 42.5 7.7 38.8 42.7 8.8 41.7 43.3 6.7 43.2

Total sugars (%TE) 15.0 7.0 15.5 16.0 7.1 14.4 16.7 6.7 16.8 19.0 5.8 18.9

Starch (% TE) 26.9 6.2 26.6 25.9 5.0 26.7 25.4 3.8 24.9 23.5 4.4 23.4

Alcohol (%TE) 3.2 6.0 0.0 4.9 6.9 0.0 5.3 8.0 1.5 5.4 5.1 5.2

Protein (%FE) 19.4 4.8 19.0 19.0 4.6 17.9 18.0 4.1 17.3 18.5 3.4 17.8

Fat (%FE) 36.9 6.5 35.6 36.6 6.5 35.7 37.1 10.3 35.1 35.5 5.7 35.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 44.0 6.2 44.1 45.0 7.2 44.2 46.3 11.2 45.6 46.1 6.0 45.9

Sugars (%FE) 15.6 7.1 16.2 17.0 7.1 16.6 18.3 8.0 18.0 20.1 5.9 19.6

Starch (%FE) 27.8 5.5 27.4 27.4 4.9 27.8 27.4 4.6 27.2 25.0 4.2 24.8

Females

Protein (g) 64.5 18.1 65.6 70.5 19.1 73.0 73.7 16.8 70.7 69.8 17.6 66.8

Fat (g) 61.4 16.8 61.1 62.8 27.5 62.8 62.8 20.8 57.7 58.1 17.0 57.4

Carbohydrate (g) 172.6 38.8 168.2 199.3 54.9 193.0 198.9 55.5 191.4 187.5 48.7 182.0

Sugars (g) 69.7 26.5 68.4 85.7 30.9 84.7 86.2 28.1 83.8 82.8 31.2 76.2

Starch (g) 100.2 25.9 103.7 110.2 31.9 109.6 103.0 35.7 97.5 99.6 23.1 104.0

Alcohol (g) 3.3 7.4 0.0 2.9 6.2 0.0 2.0 5.3 0.0 4.5 8.7 0.0

Protein (%TE) 17.2 2.9 17.5 17.6 2.3 17.2 18.5 2.9 18.2 18.1 3.0 18.1

Fat (%TE) 37.0 5.9 36.6 33.9 6.9 32.8 34.6 6.5 34.6 33.8 6.6 32.6

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.8 6.0 44.2 46.7 6.8 46.7 45.7 6.1 44.9 45.6 6.7 45.6

Total sugars (%TE) 17.5 4.8 17.3 20.0 5.6 18.9 19.9 4.6 19.2 19.9 4.7 20.4

Starch (% TE) 25.5 5.7 25.1 25.9 5.0 25.6 23.8 6.5 24.0 24.6 5.4 24.4

Alcohol (%TE) 1.4 3.0 0.0 1.3 2.6 0.0 0.8 2.2 0.0 2.1 4.0 0.0

Protein (%FE) 17.4 2.7 17.5 17.9 2.3 17.4 18.6 2.8 18.2 18.6 2.7 18.2

Fat (%FE) 37.7 6.6 36.6 34.4 7.1 32.8 34.9 6.6 35.6 34.8 7.4 32.6

Carbohydrate (%FE) 44.4 5.4 44.3 47.3 6.6 47.1 46.1 6.0 45.2 46.7 5.9 45.9

Sugars (%FE) 17.8 4.8 17.3 20.3 5.5 19.8 20.1 4.6 20.1 20.3 4.5 20.6

Starch (%FE) 25.9 5.5 25.2 26.2 5.0 25.9 24.0 6.5 24.0 25.2 5.4 25.0

TE, Total Energy


(n=28)

(n=30) (n=27) (n=26) (n=32)

Table 3.17 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes in males and females aged 65 years and over by level of education*


(n=36) (n=23) (n=18)


Protein (g) 85.7 27.2 82.3 82.8 25.1 79.9 84.6 25.9 82.4 89.2 35.1 83.6

Fat (g) 78.9 30.1 76.1 76.5 28.7 75.9 81.2 32.0 78.3 85.6 29.8 82.6

Carbohydrate (g) 233.8 76.7 225.3 222.7 74.0 212.3 230.9 82.6 220.6 248.3 87.0 237.1

Sugars (g) 92.0 41.7 86.4 88.4 44.8 81.1 90.7 46.0 85.1 97.3 45.7 90.0

Starch (g) 137.4 46.4 132.1 130.1 41.0 124.1 136.0 48.7 133.0 146.1 54.3 138.1

Alcohol (g) 16.0 22.3 7.8 15.7 23.9 5.6 19.1 27.6 6.2 21.0 31.6 6.1

Protein (%TE) 17.1 3.9 16.4 17.2 3.6 16.7 16.7 3.1 16.6 16.3 3.9 15.9

Fat (%TE) 34.3 6.0 34.1 34.6 6.1 34.7 35.1 6.7 34.5 35.0 5.9 34.7

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.0 6.8 42.9 42.6 6.6 42.4 42.0 7.4 42.3 42.4 6.8 42.3

Total sugars (%TE) 16.8 5.5 16.7 16.6 5.6 15.8 16.3 6.1 16.4 16.5 5.7 16.3

Alcohol (%TE) 5.2 6.6 2.8 5.2 6.8 2.0 5.8 7.6 2.1 5.8 7.5 2.4

Starch (% TE) 25.4 5.2 25.0 25.2 5.3 25.0 24.8 5.3 25.2 25.0 5.4 24.6

Protein (%FE) 18.2 4.1 17.7 18.3 3.8 17.9 18.0 3.2 17.7 17.5 3.9 17.1

Fat (%FE) 36.5 5.9 36.7 36.8 5.8 36.7 37.7 6.8 37.6 37.5 5.5 37.4

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.6 6.1 45.7 45.3 6.2 45.1 45.0 7.0 45.1 45.4 6.4 45.0

Sugars (%FE) 17.8 5.6 17.6 17.7 5.9 16.9 17.5 6.6 17.2 17.8 6.3 17.5

Starch (%FE) 26.9 5.1 26.6 26.8 5.1 26.4 26.6 5.0 27.0 26.7 5.1 26.7

TE, Total Energy


#Includes students

(n=570) (n=227) (n=170) (n=262)

Table 3.18 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by social class*

Professional Workers Non-manual workers Skilled manual workers Unskilled workers#


Males

Protein (g) 100.2 27.3 97.2 96.4 24.0 96.0 95.6 24.2 93.8 106.8 34.4 102.1

Fat (g) 90.1 33.0 86.6 90.5 29.3 87.6 91.5 32.6 86.7 98.1 28.9 95.7

Carbohydrate (g) 263.4 84.3 257.2 259.5 76.1 249.8 262.3 80.8 257.8 283.1 88.1 279.3

Sugars (g) 100.4 48.6 95.6 102.5 48.1 92.6 101.8 48.9 97.8 108.2 50.2 107.0

Starch (g) 158.4 48.8 152.9 152.3 41.0 154.8 155.8 46.2 152.4 169.3 53.2 162.4

Alcohol (g) 20.7 27.6 11.1 18.1 27.6 7.0 25.9 31.8 16.7 29.1 38.4 10.8

Protein (%TE) 17.4 3.8 16.8 17.1 3.7 16.4 16.4 3.0 16.2 16.7 4.0 16.2

Fat (%TE) 34.1 6.4 34.0 35.0 6.3 35.4 34.3 6.4 33.8 34.4 6.3 34.5

Carbohydrate (%TE) 42.0 7.1 42.2 42.2 6.8 42.3 41.5 7.4 42.0 41.1 7.5 41.0

Total sugars (%TE) 15.7 5.8 15.4 16.3 5.0 15.8 15.8 5.7 15.4 15.5 5.9 15.2

Alcohol (%TE) 6.0 7.5 2.9 5.2 7.0 2.0 7.3 8.6 4.3 7.2 8.8 3.6

Starch (% TE) 25.5 5.3 25.2 25.1 5.3 25.2 24.9 5.4 25.2 24.8 5.3 24.3

Protein (%FE) 18.8 4.2 18.5 18.3 4.0 17.5 18.0 3.3 17.8 18.2 4.0 17.8

Fat (%FE) 36.6 6.1 36.8 37.3 5.8 37.6 37.6 6.6 37.7 37.5 5.8 37.9

Carbohydrate (%FE) 45.0 6.4 45.2 45.0 6.5 45.0 45.5 6.9 45.1 44.8 7.1 44.8

Sugars (%FE) 16.9 5.9 16.6 17.4 5.3 16.8 17.3 6.6 16.9 17.0 6.9 16.6

Starch (%FE) 27.4 5.2 27.4 26.7 5.0 26.8 27.2 4.8 27.5 26.9 4.9 27.0

Females

Protein (g) 72.2 19.0 71.4 73.2 21.2 72.0 66.8 17.1 67.4 66.3 63.3 19.2

Fat (g) 68.5 22.6 66.3 66.5 23.7 64.2 64.5 22.7 66.2 69.3 68.1 22.3

Carbohydrate (g) 206.3 56.5 202.9 196.6 60.3 190.1 180.2 56.2 174.5 203.1 192.6 61.0

Sugars (g) 84.1 32.1 79.2 78.5 39.6 71.2 72.8 34.1 70.9 83.3 77.0 34.5

Starch (g) 117.8 33.9 114.9 114.4 33.1 112.1 104.0 33.3 107.5 116.0 112.1 38.9

Alcohol (g) 11.6 14.5 6.7 14.0 20.8 4.7 8.2 12.9 0.3 10.4 3.2 13.7

Protein (%TE) 16.8 3.9 16.0 17.3 3.6 17.1 17.2 3.2 16.8 15.7 15.7 3.6

Fat (%TE) 34.5 5.7 34.4 34.2 5.9 33.9 36.3 7.2 35.3 35.8 35.1 5.2

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.9 6.3 44.0 42.9 6.5 42.4 42.8 7.3 43.0 44.0 43.2 5.5

Total sugars (%TE) 17.8 5.1 17.5 16.8 6.0 15.9 17.2 6.6 17.2 17.9 17.7 5.1

Alcohol (%TE) 4.5 5.4 2.7 5.1 6.7 2.6 3.3 4.7 0.2 3.9 1.5 4.8

Starch (% TE) 25.2 5.1 24.8 25.3 5.3 24.9 24.7 5.1 25.1 25.3 25.1 5.4

Protein (%FE) 17.6 4.0 16.9 18.3 3.7 18.0 17.9 3.1 17.6 16.4 16.1 3.7

Fat (%FE) 36.3 5.7 36.6 36.4 5.8 35.7 37.7 7.2 37.5 37.5 37.3 5.1

Carbohydrate (%FE) 46.1 5.7 46.0 45.5 6.0 45.1 44.4 7.2 44.9 46.1 45.6 5.4

Sugars (%FE) 18.7 5.1 18.5 17.8 6.3 17.0 17.9 6.7 17.8 18.7 18.9 5.3

Starch (%FE) 26.5 4.9 26.1 26.8 5.1 26.1 25.7 5.2 26.4 26.5 26.4 5.3

TE, Total Energy


*Excludes 45 missing values#Includes students

(n=295)

Table 3.19 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females aged 18-64 years by social class*

(n=275) (n=94) (n=105) (n=148)


(n=114)(n=65)(n=133)


Protein (g) 77.6 23.5 75.8 77.2 18.3 72.7 83.1 23.4 80.8 70.3 20.5 74.9

Fat (g) 69.1 28.0 62.6 70.0 22.8 68.2 74.7 37.6 64.3 63.6 29.9 57.7

Carbohydrate (g) 211.9 68.5 203.1 201.2 69.0 193.8 210.2 64.4 193.2 194.6 76.2 168.9

Sugars (g) 89.5 36.5 85.2 84.3 38.1 86.0 77.2 38.5 62.1 80.5 44.3 74.3

Starch (g) 116.7 42.7 113.2 113.4 40.1 105.3 130.4 37.9 121.1 111.3 42.0 98.1

Alcohol (g) 10.5 17.2 0.2 4.5 12.3 0.0 6.0 12.3 0.0 9.1 16.0 0.0

Protein (%TE) 17.5 3.0 17.4 18.3 3.1 17.8 18.5 3.6 18.4 17.5 3.6 16.9

Fat (%TE) 34.2 6.7 34.6 36.4 6.0 35.9 35.5 7.8 33.1 33.5 7.5 34.8

Carbohydrate (%TE) 44.3 7.0 44.2 43.2 6.5 43.6 43.3 7.5 44.0 44.3 7.8 43.4

Total sugars (%TE) 18.7 5.4 18.6 17.8 6.3 17.7 15.7 6.4 14.6 18.3 6.5 18.9

Alcohol (%TE) 3.8 5.5 0.1 1.5 3.6 0.0 2.1 3.8 0.0 4.2 7.7 0.0

Starch (% TE) 24.4 5.7 23.9 24.7 5.2 25.5 27.1 4.6 27.0 25.4 4.9 25.9

Protein (%FE) 18.3 3.2 17.8 18.7 3.1 18.1 18.9 3.8 18.5 18.7 4.7 17.8

Fat (%FE) 35.7 6.9 35.7 37.1 6.2 36.4 36.4 8.1 34.2 35.3 7.1 34.8

Carbohydrate (%FE) 46.2 6.7 45.8 43.9 6.2 44.5 44.3 7.1 44.2 46.9 7.3 45.2

Sugars (%FE) 19.5 5.6 19.2 18.1 6.3 18.3 16.1 6.4 15.1 19.3 6.6 20.5

Starch (%FE) 25.5 5.6 25.3 25.1 5.2 25.8 27.7 4.3 27.6 26.9 4.7 26.3

TE, Total Energy


#Includes students

Table 3.20 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by social class*

(n=100) (n=40) (n=23)(n=43)



Males

Protein (g) 88.3 24.7 87.7 78.8 18.6 73.2 91.2 24.9 97.9 74.7 16.5 79.0

Fat (g) 79.0 32.0 73.9 68.2 23.4 67.7 86.9 43.4 72.5 69.3 34.9 71.1

Carbohydrate (g) 240.3 72.9 234.1 210.6 81.1 217.8 218.6 73.9 223.5 214.6 106.0 179.0

Sugars (g) 98.8 41.1 96.7 79.9 44.3 85.2 77.2 40.8 64.5 89.8 64.6 64.2

Starch (g) 137.8 46.0 129.9 127.4 43.9 113.0 138.5 44.9 129.0 121.6 53.8 105.7

Alcohol (g) 17.3 21.7 12.9 6.7 16.5 0.0 8.0 14.6 0.0 19.4 20.1 18.0

Protein (%TE) 17.2 3.2 17.1 18.6 3.8 17.9 18.6 4.1 18.1 16.8 3.7 16.7

Fat (%TE) 33.6 6.8 34.5 34.7 5.9 34.4 37.5 8.2 35.1 31.9 8.3 32.4

Carbohydrate (%TE) 43.2 6.8 43.4 44.1 7.7 43.5 40.8 7.8 39.1 42.0 9.5 40.1

Total sugars (%TE) 17.6 5.8 17.5 16.2 7.6 15.9 14.2 6.6 13.5 16.9 7.5 17.9

Alcohol (%TE) 5.9 6.5 4.4 2.1 4.5 0.0 2.6 4.3 0.0 8.8 10.1 6.5

Starch (% TE) 24.9 5.4 24.1 27.2 4.6 27.7 26.1 4.5 25.5 24.4 6.7 23.7

Protein (%FE) 18.5 3.9 18.0 19.0 3.9 18.2 19.2 4.2 18.5 19.5 6.0 19.1

Fat (%FE) 35.9 6.4 35.7 35.5 6.3 35.0 38.7 8.5 36.3 35.7 7.8 33.8

Carbohydrate (%FE) 46.3 7.0 46.0 45.0 7.1 45.0 42.0 7.5 41.8 47.4 8.7 44.6

Sugars (%FE) 18.9 6.3 18.3 16.5 7.6 17.9 14.6 6.7 14.5 19.1 7.7 20.6

Starch (%FE) 26.6 5.2 27.0 27.8 4.4 27.7 26.8 4.1 26.3 27.6 6.4 27.9

Females

Protein (g) 68.1 17.8 65.3 75.8 18.4 72.1 70.6 14.1 73.7 66.9 23.3 63.5

Fat (g) 60.3 20.4 57.8 71.7 22.7 70.4 56.0 12.6 54.2 59.2 25.9 51.7

Carbohydrate (g) 186.7 53.4 178.4 192.7 56.5 193.0 197.3 45.4 188.9 179.1 40.5 168.9

Sugars (g) 81.3 29.9 81.4 88.2 32.1 86.7 77.3 35.9 61.9 73.3 18.5 77.5

Starch (g) 98.0 29.0 98.7 100.8 32.3 102.5 118.0 18.7 118.0 103.4 30.1 98.1

Alcohol (g) 4.4 8.3 0.0 2.5 6.4 0.0 2.8 6.7 0.0 1.2 3.0 0.0

Protein (%TE) 17.7 2.8 17.7 18.1 2.3 17.7 18.2 2.9 18.4 17.9 3.7 17.8

Fat (%TE) 34.7 6.6 35.4 38.0 5.8 36.2 32.5 6.1 31.5 34.7 6.9 36.8

Carbohydrate (%TE) 45.3 7.1 44.4 42.4 5.2 43.7 47.2 5.1 46.2 46.1 6.1 44.9

Total sugars (%TE) 19.6 4.9 19.3 19.2 4.6 18.0 18.0 5.4 17.7 19.3 5.8 18.9

Alcohol (%TE) 1.9 3.6 0.0 0.9 2.3 0.0 1.3 2.9 0.0 0.8 1.9 0.0

Starch (% TE) 24.0 6.0 23.7 22.3 4.6 22.0 28.7 4.5 27.9 26.2 3.0 25.9

Protein (%FE) 18.1 2.5 17.7 18.3 2.2 17.9 18.5 3.1 18.5 18.1 3.5 17.8

Fat (%FE) 35.6 7.4 35.8 38.6 6.0 37.5 32.9 6.0 32.2 35.0 6.9 36.8

Carbohydrate (%FE) 46.1 6.4 45.5 43.0 5.2 44.2 47.8 4.7 46.9 46.5 6.3 45.6

Sugars (%FE) 20.0 4.8 19.8 19.5 4.6 20.4 18.2 5.4 18.4 19.5 5.9 20.0

Starch (%FE) 24.5 5.8 23.8 22.7 4.6 22.6 29.1 4.4 29.7 26.4 3.2 25.9

TE, Total Energy


*Excludes 20 unknown values#Includes students

(n=13)

Skilled manual workers Unskilled workers#

(n=47)

Professional Workers Non-manual workers

Table 3.21 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for males and females aged 65 years and over by social class*

(n=53)

(n=19)

(n=21)

(n=26)

(n=17)

(n=10)

Chapter 3 -Nutrient Intakes- Fibre

Table 3.22 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of dietary fibre (g & g/MJ) from all food sources for the total population and by gender and age group

Table 3.23 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily dietary fibre intakes by gender and age group

Table 3.24 Mean, SD and median values of dietary fibre intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by geographical location and gender

Table 3.25 Mean, SD and median values of dietary fibre (g & g/MJ) intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by geographical location and gender

Table 3.26 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by level of education

Table 3.27 Mean, SD and median values of macronutrient intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by level of education

Table 3.28 Mean, SD and median values of DF intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by social class

Table 3.29 Mean, SD and median values of DF intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by social class

n Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median

5th 95th 5th 95th 5th 95th

18-64yAll

18-64y 1274 19.2 8.0 18.0 8.8 34.1 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.2 3.7 2.4 0.8 2.3 1.4 3.9

18-35y 531 18.7 8.3 17.1 8.2 34.8 2.1 0.7 2.0 1.2 3.6 2.2 0.7 2.1 1.3 3.7

36-50y 437 19.1 7.8 18.0 8.9 33.5 2.3 0.7 2.2 1.2 3.7 2.5 0.8 2.4 1.4 3.9

51-64y 306 20.3 7.6 19.6 9.5 33.3 2.5 0.8 2.4 1.4 4.1 2.7 0.8 2.5 1.5 4.3

Males

18-64y 634 21.1 8.6 19.8 9.9 37.2 2.1 0.7 2.0 1.1 3.5 2.3 0.7 2.2 1.3 3.7

18-35y 276 21.3 9.1 20.2 9.7 38.8 2.0 0.7 1.9 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.7 2.0 1.3 3.6

36-50y 205 20.9 8.5 18.8 10.1 36.9 2.2 0.7 2.1 1.1 3.6 2.3 0.7 2.2 1.2 3.7

51-64y 153 21.0 7.8 20.3 9.3 33.4 2.3 0.7 2.2 1.4 3.7 2.4 0.7 2.3 1.4 4.0

Females

18-64y 640 17.3 6.8 16.4 8.2 30.1 2.4 0.8 2.3 1.4 3.9 2.6 0.8 2.4 1.4 4.0

18-35y 255 15.9 6.3 15.0 7.5 26.9 2.2 0.8 2.1 1.2 3.8 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.3 3.8

36-50y 232 17.5 6.7 16.9 7.8 29.2 2.5 0.7 2.4 1.5 3.7 2.6 0.8 2.5 1.5 4.0

51-64y 153 19.5 7.4 18.8 9.4 32.6 2.8 0.9 2.7 1.6 4.7 2.9 0.9 2.8 1.7 4.7

≥65y

All 226 18.9 7.9 17.9 8.3 33.8 2.6 0.9 2.6 1.4 4.3 2.7 0.9 2.6 1.5 4.3

Males 106 19.6 8.7 18.4 7.9 36.9 2.4 0.8 2.2 1.2 4.1 2.5 0.9 2.3 1.3 4.3

Females 120 18.4 7.0 17.3 8.9 29.9 2.8 0.9 2.8 1.6 4.5 2.9 0.8 2.8 1.7 4.5

TE, Total Energy


Table 3.22 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of dietary fibre (g & g/MJ) from all food sources for the total population and by gender and age group

Percentiles Percentiles Percentiles

Dietary Fibre (g) Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE)

% g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g % g

Bread & rolls 26 5 26 6 24 5 27 6 30 6 25 4 24 4 25 4 25 5 29 5 33 6 25 4










Nuts & seeds, herbs & spices 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

Other 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 1

Total 100 19 100 21 100 21 100 21 100 21 100 17 100 16 100 17 100 20 100 19 100 20 100 18

(n=106) (n=120)(n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226)(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153)

51-64y36-50y18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y


Table 3.23 Contribution (% & g) of food groups to mean daily dietary fibre intakes by gender and age group

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females


All

Dietary Fibre (g) 19.7 7.3 18.4 21.5 8.2 20.9 18.6 8.2 17.2 19.1 8.3 18.0

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) 2.4 0.8 2.2 2.5 0.9 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.1 2.2 0.8 2.1

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE) 2.5 0.8 2.4 2.5 0.9 2.3 2.4 0.8 2.3 2.4 0.8 2.3

Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 21.9 7.9 20.7 23.6 8.7 21.3 20.3 8.9 18.7 21.0 8.7 19.8



Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 17.8 6.2 17.6 19.8 7.5 18.6 16.6 6.7 15.6 17.3 7.5 16.0



TE, Total Energy


(n=460)

(n=188)

(n=215)

(n=169)

(n=187)

(n=25)

(n=30)

Table 3.24 Mean, SD and median values of dietary fibre intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by geographical location and gender

(n=252)

(n=208)


(n=403) (n=55) (n=356)


All

Dietary Fibre (g) 18.3 7.2 17.8 14.4 4.2 14.6 18.4 8.1 16.7 19.6 8.0 18.4



Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 20.1 8.6 19.2 18.4 n/a 18.4 17.6 9.5 15.2 20.1 8.5 18.5

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ TE) 2.3 0.7 2.3 1.3 n/a 1.3 2.3 1.0 2.1 2.4 0.8 2.4

Dietary Fibre (g/MJ FE) 2.5 0.8 2.3 1.4 n/a 1.4 2.5 1.1 2.2 2.6 0.8 2.4

Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 16.5 5.0 16.6 12.3 3.2 12.3 18.8 7.2 18.4 19.0 7.5 18.0



TE, Total Energy


(n=116)

(n=60)

(n=2) (n=39) (n=56)

(n=1) (n=22)(n=23)

(n=23)

(n=3) (n=61)(n=46)

Table 3.25 Mean, SD and median values of dietary fibre (g & g/MJ) intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by geographical location and

gender



All

Dietary Fibre (g) 18.0 8.6 15.9 18.9 7.9 17.7 18.7 7.9 17.4 19.9 8.0 18.7



Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 19.3 9.6 18.5 20.6 7.8 19.3 21.1 8.8 19.2 21.9 8.7 20.8



Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 16.3 6.8 13.9 16.3 7.3 15.0 16.0 5.6 15.3 18.4 7.0 17.6



TE, Total Energy


(n=31) (n=100) (n=141) (n=356)

(n=622)(n=305)(n=251)(n=73)

(n=42) (n=151)


(n=164) (n=266)

Tertiary Secondary Intermediate Primary


All

Dietary Fibre (g) 17.0 7.1 16.0 18.8 7.3 17.4 19.1 7.5 18.7 21.4 9.0 19.2



Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 18.1 8.4 17.5 18.4 8.0 15.9 17.8 7.9 17.7 23.6 9.3 21.0



Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 15.7 5.2 14.6 19.2 6.7 19.2 19.9 7.2 20.2 19.5 8.3 18.4



TE, Total Energy


(n=36) (n=23) (n=18) (n=28)

(n=30) (n=27) (n=26) (n=32)

(n=66) (n=50) (n=44) (n=60)




All

Dietary Fibre (g) 20.5 8.1 19.6 17.8 6.7 16.6 18.2 7.1 17.5 19.1 8.9 17.0



Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 22.0 9.1 20.8 19.4 7.3 18.0 20.1 7.2 19.2 21.6 9.2 19.4



Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 19.0 6.9 18.3 16.7 6.1 15.6 15.1 5.6 14.6 15.8 7.1 14.5



TE, Total Energy


#Includes students

(n=275) (n=94) (n=105) (n=148)

(n=295) (n=133) (n=65) (n=114)

(n=570) (n=227) (n=170) (n=262)

Table 3.28 Mean, SD and median values of DF intakes for adults aged 18-64 years by social class*



All

Dietary Fibre (g) 19.7 8.3 18.2 20.2 8.5 19.4 18.0 6.3 17.2 17.8 7.5 15.8



Males

Dietary Fibre (g) 21.3 9.0 18.6 20.7 9.7 20.0 17.1 6.3 16.6 18.4 9.2 20.8



Females

Dietary Fibre (g) 18.2 7.5 17.3 19.7 7.5 19.2 19.2 6.4 19.6 17.3 6.2 15.2



TE, Total Energy


#Includes students

(n=53) (n=21) (n=17) (n=13)

(n=47) (n=19) (n=26) (n=10)

(n=100) (n=40) (n=43) (n=23)

Table 3.29 Mean, SD and median values of DF intakes for adults aged 65 years and over by social class*


Chapter 3 -Nutrient Intakes -Vitamins

Table 3.30 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of retinol (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.31 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of carotene (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.32 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total vitamin A (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.33 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin D (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.34 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin E (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.35 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of thiamin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.36 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of riboflavin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.37 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pre-formed niacin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.38 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total niacin equivalents (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.39 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin B6 (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


Table 3.41 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of folate (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.42 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of biotin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.43 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pantothenate (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.44 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin C (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.45 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and geographical location

Table 3.46 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and level of education

Table 3.47 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and social class

All All Males Females

18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 476 530 475 524 638 423 370 402 543 638 639 638

SD 737 801 711 634 1095 663 454 677 888 377 632 1020

Median 320 377 377 377 378 279 252 283 339 858 439 338

Percentiles

5th 85 100 81 106 106 75 55 91 88 66 60 70

95th 1190 1236 1122 1381 1797 1151 1038 992 1521 1937 2045 1833

97.5th 1659 1845 1299 2130 2102 1566 1338 1416 1921 2904 2543 3499

Food sources

Mean 387 428 391 443 473 346 305 361 391 494 543 451

SD 620 661 617 560 840 574 402 642 695 632 575 678

Median 296 335 335 332 342 262 234 274 285 340 374 292

Percentiles

5th 79 89 80 104 89 70 55 85 75 66 60 70

95th 768 828 767 828 978 654 629 612 771 1275 1794 1038

97.5th 972 995 828 1622 1076 835 916 798 1081 1979 2387 1901

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.30 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of retinol ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 3645 3660 3401 3733 4030 3629 2679 4084 4522 4297 4178 4402

SD 3256 3197 3129 3216 3269 3317 2635 3321 3904 3150 3150 3160

Median 2729 2824 2592 2932 3041 2595 1858 3310 3515 3835 3627 3913

Percentiles

5th 301 308 275 307 320 294 260 301 385 399 375 451

95th 9901 9521 9143 9548 11150 10629 7088 11003 12277 11168 10697 11973

97.5th 11848 11020 10751 10765 12638 12534 8112 12828 14993 12615 12817 12544

Food sources

Mean 3579 3622 3371 3719 3943 3537 2645 3960 4381 4151 4071 4221

SD 3204 3168 3133 3211 3155 3241 2637 3220 3804 2990 3040 2956

Median 2691 2803 2523 2915 3041 2510 1738 3257 3395 3746 3581 3854

Percentiles

5th 293 302 253 307 320 287 260 301 358 399 375 451

95th 9623 9416 9143 9548 10314 10005 7088 10660 12154 10414 9537 10614

97.5th 11625 10927 10751 10765 12317 12305 8112 12699 12988 12067 11999 12159

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.31 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of carotene ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 1084 1140 1042 1146 1310 1028 816 1083 1296 1354 1335 1371

SD 948 995 918 835 1270 896 646 865 1177 1048 827 1213

Median 874 939 868 991 1054 819 632 880 973 1111 1256 1046

Percentiles

5th 226 258 217 261 282 208 172 225 290 338 317 354

95th 2396 2383 2158 2377 2947 2440 1946 2361 3226 3025 3002 3065

97.5th 3036 3105 2508 3087 3426 3024 2426 2750 3809 3576 3518 4593

Food sources

Mean 983 1031 953 1063 1130 935 746 1021 1121 1186 1221 1154

SD 831 866 831 768 1029 793 610 827 935 791 774 807

Median 808 866 774 929 955 759 595 856 913 1034 1102 981

Percentiles

5th 219 253 217 255 282 203 172 225 232 284 247 274

95th 2159 2147 2022 2173 2257 2188 1635 2263 2390 2578 2793 2459

97.5th 2490 2432 2215 2939 2554 2553 2370 2552 3422 3087 3255 2931

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.32 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total vitamin A ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 4.3 4.6 3.9 4.7 5.7 3.9 3.1 3.5 6.0 6.9 5.2 8.5

SD 6.2 7.1 4.3 9.5 7.2 5.2 2.9 3.4 8.7 10.5 4.5 13.6

Median 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.2 2.5 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9

Percentiles

5th 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.6

95th 12.5 12.8 10.4 12.1 17.1 12.1 8.3 9.3 21.3 24.2 12.7 28.8

97.5th 15.9 16.1 13.6 16.9 24.0 15.5 11.8 13.7 22.6 29.3 18.5 33.8

Food sources

Mean 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.4 4.1 2.8 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.4

SD 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.6 3.6 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.2 3.2 3.7 2.6

Median 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.3 2.9

Percentiles

5th 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6

95th 7.9 8.5 7.8 8.3 10.8 7.1 5.8 7.4 8.1 9.4 11.1 8.6

97.5th 9.6 10.2 9.0 9.8 15.6 8.5 7.9 8.5 10.1 12.0 14.2 10.0

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.33 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin D ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 12.1 11.6 12.9 10.1 11.3 12.5 9.1 13.9 16.2 14.6 9.8 18.9

SD 27.4 23.5 34.2 6.3 10.8 30.8 8.2 43.4 31.3 38.5 6.7 52.2

Median 8.2 8.7 9.3 8.8 7.9 7.7 7.2 7.7 8.5 7.8 8.0 7.5

Percentiles

5th 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.2 1.8 2.7

95th 24.5 23.4 22.4 21.5 33.8 25.6 20.2 25.7 50.3 29.3 24.5 50.3

97.5th 36.9 32.3 29.8 27.0 48.4 45.1 24.8 52.2 94.7 51.5 25.9 211.2

Food sources

Mean 8.5 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.3 7.8 7.5 7.6 8.5 8.6 9.0 8.3

SD 4.7 5.2 4.5 5.4 6.2 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.8 5.4 5.6 5.2

Median 7.7 8.3 8.7 8.3 7.7 7.2 6.9 7.2 7.8 7.2 7.9 7.0

Percentiles

5th 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.2 1.8 2.6

95th 17.2 18.4 17.4 18.9 21.1 15.2 14.9 12.9 18.6 19.1 19.1 19.2

97.5th 19.3 20.9 19.1 22.3 24.8 17.5 16.3 14.6 21.8 23.8 24.2 23.7

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.34 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin E (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.3 2.2 3.8 2.8 2.1 3.5

SD 8.7 5.8 6.1 3.8 7.4 10.8 14.0 4.2 11.6 9.0 2.5 12.1

Median 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

Percentiles

5th 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7

95th 5.8 5.3 7.8 3.4 3.7 9.5 13.5 3.6 14.0 3.7 3.4 6.5

97.5th 16.3 13.2 16.4 8.3 9.8 19.1 51.4 12.1 34.4 12.4 3.8 26.5

Food sources

Mean 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

SD 2.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 3.3 5.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Median 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.4

Percentiles

5th 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7

95th 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.5

97.5th 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.2 3.0 2.9 4.9 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.3 3.0

Table 3.35 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of thiamin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 3.2 3.2 3.6 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 2.3 4.0 2.9 2.0 3.7

SD 7.8 6.0 6.3 3.9 7.5 9.2 10.7 4.0 11.8 8.4 1.4 11.4

Median 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Percentiles

5th 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7

95th 5.9 5.6 7.4 4.4 4.6 6.0 13.0 4.4 10.8 4.2 3.7 6.6

97.5th 15.5 12.5 17.0 8.8 10.1 16.6 28.4 7.9 38.0 9.9 4.2 27.1

Food sources

Mean 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

SD 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7

Median 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6

Percentiles

5th 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7

95th 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.6 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1

97.5th 4.0 4.3 5.0 4.1 3.8 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.36 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of riboflavin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 28.8 32.9 37.4 30.5 28.1 24.7 25.0 24.0 25.4 26.6 23.7 29.2

SD 20.0 15.7 17.8 11.7 14.3 22.8 15.3 22.6 31.8 42.7 12.9 57.3

Median 24.9 30.2 34.3 29.2 25.1 20.0 21.3 19.6 18.9 19.4 21.3 17.8

Percentiles

5th 11.2 15.3 16.7 14.9 13.3 9.7 9.4 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.7 10.2

95th 57.4 61.5 70.3 48.8 53.7 48.9 57.4 42.4 57.0 49.3 45.6 64.1

97.5th 72.3 77.2 88.2 63.0 77.2 70.5 68.2 69.1 74.9 67.7 57.6 138.5

Food sources

Mean 25.0 30.1 33.6 28.6 25.8 19.9 20.5 19.8 18.9 19.7 21.7 18.0

SD 10.9 11.3 12.8 9.4 8.6 7.7 8.0 8.1 6.5 7.9 8.3 7.1

Median 22.8 29.1 32.3 27.8 24.7 18.8 19.5 18.5 18.4 18.5 20.7 16.3

Percentiles

5th 11.1 14.6 16.5 14.5 13.3 9.2 8.6 9.7 9.7 9.4 9.3 9.4

95th 44.6 50.5 55.6 44.1 39.6 34.9 35.9 34.5 32.3 37.7 41.6 31.0

97.5th 51.3 55.6 62.7 47.2 48.7 38.1 38.3 38.1 36.5 41.7 45.6 39.3

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.37 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pre-formed niacin (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 46.0 53.3 58.7 50.6 47.3 38.8 38.8 38.0 40.0 42.0 41.0 42.8

SD 23.3 19.7 22.3 15.4 17.3 24.2 17.5 23.9 32.9 43.4 16.0 57.7

Median 42.1 50.9 55.9 49.9 45.1 34.5 36.7 34.2 33.8 34.8 39.0 31.7

Percentiles

5th 21.2 28.3 28.8 28.8 24.5 18.9 17.4 18.4 19.8 19.4 21.3 18.5

95th 82.6 91.1 96.4 77.4 78.5 67.1 71.3 60.9 76.6 69.9 69.5 77.4

97.5th 94.8 98.2 114.5 93.3 98.2 86.3 89.5 84.2 90.1 88.6 79.1 159.2

Food sources

Mean 42.2 50.5 54.9 48.6 45.1 33.9 34.3 33.8 33.5 35.1 38.9 31.7

SD 16.0 16.1 18.3 13.8 12.4 10.7 11.3 10.8 9.5 11.7 12.3 10.1

Median 39.5 49.2 54.1 47.7 45.0 32.8 32.8 32.7 33.0 33.6 38.8 29.9

Percentiles

5th 20.9 27.6 27.5 27.9 24.5 17.6 16.5 18.4 19.8 18.4 19.1 17.5

95th 70.3 78.5 87.4 70.3 66.7 53.8 54.9 54.6 52.3 57.7 64.7 50.2

97.5th 78.8 87.3 93.8 77.5 76.6 56.7 58.3 56.0 61.1 65.5 70.4 57.9

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.38 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of total niacin equivalents (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.5 3.2 5.4 4.3 3.1 5.4

SD 8.6 5.4 5.4 4.5 6.4 10.9 11.4 5.0 15.5 15.2 1.9 20.7

Median 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2

Percentiles

5th 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

95th 8.7 7.6 9.4 6.5 8.3 11.8 11.6 6.5 12.3 6.8 6.2 10.1

97.5th 14.7 12.4 16.3 8.7 12.8 26.4 51.8 13.9 56.3 12.6 7.9 51.2

Food sources

Mean 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.3

SD 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.4 .9

Median 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.1

Percentiles

5th 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

95th 4.9 5.7 6.3 5.0 6.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.6 4.2

97.5th 6.1 6.6 6.8 5.5 7.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.5 5.5 7.2 4.6

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females



18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2 8.0 11.1 5.4 6.9 6.5 6.4 6.5

SD 32.5 6.9 7.0 5.7 8.0 45.3 71.1 5.3 10.7 5.9 4.5 6.9

Median 4.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.7 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.6 5.2 5.6 5.0

Percentiles

5th 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6

95th 14.1 15.5 17.4 15.0 14.1 13.1 13.3 12.9 13.5 16.3 14.4 18.3

97.5th 23.7 22.7 22.6 24.9 20.5 27.3 28.1 15.4 45.3 28.0 22.3 31.0

Food sources

Mean 5.4 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.3 4.5 4.1 4.7 4.9 5.7 6.3 5.1

SD 3.8 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.3 3.0 2.3 3.5 3.4 3.9 4.5 3.2

Median 4.7 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 4.7

Percentiles

5th 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.6

95th 11.3 12.8 13.0 12.9 11.6 8.5 7.5 9.3 8.6 10.7 14.4 9.9

97.5th 13.1 15.0 16.1 16.1 13.6 10.4 8.8 12.1 10.0 17.3 22.3 15.3

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.40 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin B12 ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 373 407 426 383 404 339 337 301 399 390 427 357

SD 314 209 196 165 274 388 466 156 476 415 533 271

Median 312 364 397 345 334 269 248 268 292 298 322 270

Percentiles

5th 136 168 160 183 161 123 107 129 148 124 126 122

95th 730 768 787 727 804 672 644 645 838 869 945 881

97.5th 848 840 853 823 856 882 878 714 1304 1124 1432 923

Food sources

Mean 320 374 386 361 368 266 251 265 294 323 352 298

SD 146 153 159 146 151 116 115 100 134 181 205 154

Median 292 346 367 337 333 247 230 253 271 280 301 255

Percentiles

5th 134 161 159 181 161 120 107 126 137 123 126 122

95th 596 666 690 644 705 489 492 445 517 642 723 652

97.5th 690 748 752 756 756 534 542 504 584 798 1035 701

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.41 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of folate ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 54 51 54 49 47 57 40 42 108 101 47 149

SD 255 37 44 31 30 358 42 34 728 799 34 1096

Median 36 41 42 41 41 31 27 32 36 35 37 33

Percentiles

5th 16 19 18 20 20 14 11 17 17 18 17 18

95th 138 128 170 114 94 149 141 109 182 138 125 195

97.5th 184 181 189 142 183 184 174 180 205 202 191 229

Food sources

Mean 37 42 42 43 42 32 29 34 35 39 40 37

SD 19 18 21 17 16 17 21 15 12 24 19 28

Median 34 40 39 39 40 29 26 31 34 34 36 32

Percentiles

5th 16 19 17 20 20 13 11 17 17 18 17 18

95th 67 72 72 74 71 58 51 61 59 65 68 61

97.5th 77 89 95 89 81 65 64 71 63 77 91 81

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.42 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of biotin ( g) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 8.0 8.6 9.8 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.3 6.6 9.0 7.2 6.4 7.9

SD 12.3 11.9 16.1 6.3 8.1 12.7 11.0 8.6 19.0 7.1 2.6 9.4

Median 5.8 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.4

Percentiles

5th 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.8

95th 16.9 17.2 19.6 13.5 14.3 16.7 19.3 12.4 27.7 14.2 12.3 26.2

97.5th 28.6 25.0 33.1 19.8 20.9 30.0 29.4 28.3 50.0 27.1 13.4 54.3

Food sources

Mean 5.9 6.8 7.2 6.7 6.4 5.0 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.7 6.0 5.3

SD 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9

Median 5.5 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.1 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.2

Percentiles

5th 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.8

95th 10.6 11.8 12.4 10.9 10.1 8.2 7.5 8.6 8.1 9.0 9.0 9.8

97.5th 11.9 12.8 14.1 12.3 11.2 9.0 9.0 9.3 8.8 10.6 10.0 11.1

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.43 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of pantothenate (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 128 114 129 96 113 141 146 103 192 118 102 132

SD 241 152 168 106 170 304 384 108 344 262 146 333

Median 75 72 76 64 74 78 77 76 86 75 65 90

Percentiles

5th 20 19 17 19 20 20 17 22 24 17 14 23

95th 379 310 506 274 296 474 536 256 1082 347 347 358

97.5th 632 582 717 352 620 797 745 377 1542 495 623 439

Food sources

Mean 80 81 84 77 78 79 74 80 87 77 72 81

SD 53 55 59 53 49 51 51 50 53 49 52 46

Median 69 67 68 61 71 69 62 69 74 67 61 74

Percentiles

5th 19 19 17 19 20 18 16 20 22 17 14 23

95th 191 192 213 182 178 184 178 182 202 175 174 189

97.5th 217 224 244 205 204 214 206 215 228 205 208 210

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.44 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of vitamin C (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median

Males

Retinol ( g) 621 1008 406 447 262 396 476 499 351 522 943 367 655 517 613 2064 N/A 2064 662 746 406 601 614 374

Carotene ( g) 3995 3055 3370 4620 3330 3771 3165 3066 2306 3885 3434 2952 3394 2264 3154 4240 N/A 4240 3495 2041 2905 4727 3680 4167

Total vitamin A ( g) 1286 1178 1047 1217 589 1124 1004 715 838 1170 1149 983 1220 647 1541 2771 N/A 2771 1245 836 1044 1389 875 1321

Vitamin D ( g) 5.2 6.3 3.5 8.5 25.4 2.3 4.1 3.8 2.9 4.0 5.1 2.6 5.3 3.5 4.7 4.9 N/A 4.9 4.3 2.9 3.7 5.5 5.2 3.6

Vitamin E (mg) 11.7 8.7 9.8 11.5 6.3 10.1 12.7 35.8 8.7 9.9 7.7 7.7 11.2 7.6 10.6 9.7 N/A 9.7 8.6 6.7 7.4 9.7 6.3 8.0

Thiamin (mg) 2.9 5.9 2.1 2.0 0.8 1.8 3.4 7.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.0 0.9 2.1 1.6 N/A 1.6 2.6 5.3 1.3 1.9 0.7 1.8

Riboflavin (mg) 3.1 6.1 2.3 2.3 1.3 1.9 3.8 7.6 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.7 N/A 1.7 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.9 0.8 1.9

Pre-formed niacin (mg) 31.6 14.3 29.4 28.8 17.7 23.4 34.4 17.0 31.1 32.8 14.8 30.9 25.5 12.2 22.5 17.1 N/A 17.1 23.5 19.2 20.7 23.3 10.2 20.9

Total Niacin equivalents (mg) 52.2 18.0 50.8 50.3 26.5 42.7 54.7 20.9 52.1 53.0 18.5 50.1 43.2 15.1 40.4 39.3 N/A 39.3 39.3 21.4 39.0 40.8 14.3 38.2

Vitamin B6 (mg) 3.9 4.7 3.3 3.2 1.6 3.3 4.5 6.9 3.1 3.8 3.6 3.0 3.8 2.0 4.2 1.8 N/A 1.8 2.8 2.8 2.1 3.0 1.3 2.6

Vitamin B12 ( g) 7.9 7.4 6.7 7.1 3.9 6.1 7.4 7.5 5.5 6.7 5.4 5.6 6.7 3.2 6.5 5.7 N/A 5.7 4.7 1.8 4.3 6.9 5.5 5.5

Folate ( g) 414 188 364 414 225 376 417 251 374 382 154 344 639 1039 462 184 N/A 184 310 174 248 393 258 332

Pantothenate (mg) 9.0 18.5 7.0 7.2 3.1 6.2 9.1 9.2 6.7 7.7 4.9 6.4 6.8 2.5 6.1 5.1 N/A 5.1 5.3 1.8 4.9 6.8 2.8 6.7

Biotin ( g) 51 39 42 51 45 38 51 38 41 50 33 42 48 38 36 34 N/A 34 41 24 32 48 37 39

Vitamin C (mg) 118 168 71 82 49 69 117 160 67 111 128 78 66 48 53 18 N/A 18 112 155 58 113 167 77

Females

Retinol ( g) 358 356 275 696 1184 345 377 621 239 505 832 330 519 758 314 423 299 423 462 434 271 816 1352 480

Carotene ( g) 3902 3367 3048 5754 4697 5058 2937 2462 2210 3744 3632 2711 4311 2792 4282 2339 554 2339 4046 2906 3762 4762 3502 4186

Total vitamin A ( g) 1008 692 855 1655 1658 1205 867 733 729 1129 1037 842 1238 818 1076 813 206 813 1136 664 906 1610 1580 1102

Vitamin D ( g) 3.8 3.8 2.5 7.6 16.7 3.2 3.6 3.7 2.4 4.0 3.9 2.8 7.3 9.1 3.7 2.1 0.8 2.1 8.9 10.5 3.9 8.9 17.1 4.5

Vitamin E (mg) 11.1 13.6 7.7 33.5 79.2 10.0 10.0 10.7 7.4 13.5 43.1 7.9 10.1 7.5 7.5 5.0 1.5 5.0 25.2 55.9 6.7 18.6 60.4 8.6

Thiamin (mg) 3.2 10.2 1.5 5.6 16.8 1.6 3.1 9.1 1.4 3.7 12.1 1.3 1.5 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.3 3.5 8.4 1.5 4.4 16.3 1.6

Riboflavin (mg) 2.9 7.7 1.7 5.5 14.2 1.9 2.9 8.1 1.5 3.7 10.7 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.1 1.1 4.1 11.3 1.6 4.3 13.8 1.8

Pre-formed niacin (mg) 23.2 11.8 20.0 41.5 70.6 21.7 24.4 13.9 21.0 24.1 24.1 19.0 18.9 10.2 15.5 15.7 0.8 15.7 33.0 62.2 18.4 31.2 65.8 18.0

Total Niacin equivalents (mg) 37.5 13.7 34.6 56.1 71.6 37.8 38.3 16.2 36.0 38.2 25.7 33.1 32.0 11.5 28.7 27.6 0.0 27.6 46.8 62.5 33.4 45.1 66.2 32.3

Vitamin B6 (mg) 3.7 7.4 2.3 8.2 27.4 2.2 4.1 9.6 2.2 4.3 11.0 2.1 2.4 1.1 2.1 1.7 0.0 1.7 4.3 8.4 2.2 7.5 29.5 2.5

Vitamin B12 ( g) 6.9 18.6 4.4 5.9 4.8 5.2 5.6 10.6 3.9 12.2 80.6 4.4 5.9 3.4 5.5 2.7 0.4 2.7 6.9 9.4 4.5 6.7 6.1 5.2

Folate ( g) 324 179 277 348 282 278 390 626 283 297 164 263 297 164 255 177 72 177 369 234 262 380 327 305

Pantothenate (mg) 7.6 15.5 5.1 8.5 9.4 5.0 7.3 11.2 4.9 7.3 11.2 5.0 5.7 2.7 5.4 4.7 0.0 4.7 8.8 11.2 5.1 8.4 10.0 5.8

Biotin ( g) 43 41 32 347 1643 36 42 39 29 43 39 31 40 42 28 24 1 24 49 46 31 267 1603 37

Vitamin C (mg) 148 402 81 285 454 100 141 250 80 111 157 72 74 48 50 112 79 112 103 109 75 178 476 97

City

(n=169)

(n=187) (n=39)(n=215)

(n=25)

(n=30) (n=208)

(n=252)

City Open country/village Small town

(n=22)

Open country/village Small town Large town Large town

Table 3.45 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and geographical location

(n=56)

(n=60)(n=23)

n=23 (n=2)

(n=1)

≥65y18-64y

(n=188)


Males

Retinol (mg) 403 312 298 652 1090 440 501 1025 327 508 429 384 509 441 360 590 790 404 743 847 439 789 532 708

Carotene (mg) 3329 2617 2698 3225 2743 2310 3632 3128 2851 3951 3510 2942 3598 2748 2880 3641 3153 3453 4160 2600 4194 5245 3753 4776

Total vitamin A (mg) 957 566 891 1190 1199 929 1106 1212 868 1166 754 1020 1109 684 1042 1197 970 845 1437 830 1445 1663 804 1657

Vitamin D (mg) 5.5 5.8 3.2 5.3 11.0 3.2 4.1 7.0 2.3 4.4 3.7 3.1 5.3 5.7 3.7 5.5 4.4 4.6 4.1 2.4 3.8 5.6 3.8 5.0

Vitamin E (mg) 10.0 10.2 7.0 11.0 7.9 9.4 10.3 9.2 8.0 13.2 34.7 9.3 9.0 6.6 6.8 9.8 7.2 8.1 8.3 5.2 7.9 12.0 7.0 10.7

Thiamin (mg) 1.8 0.7 1.7 2.6 4.4 1.9 2.4 3.4 1.8 3.5 7.9 2.0 1.9 0.8 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.7 1.6 2.9 4.7 2.1

Riboflavin (mg) 2.0 0.8 1.9 2.9 4.4 2.1 2.8 3.6 2.2 3.9 8.1 2.3 1.9 0.9 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.5 1.7 0.6 1.6 2.7 2.4 2.2



Vitamin B6 (mg) 2.9 1.3 2.7 3.7 2.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.0 4.7 7.6 3.3 2.9 1.6 2.4 2.9 1.5 2.6 2.7 1.4 2.4 3.9 2.6 3.4

Vitamin B12 (mg) 6.5 4.6 5.2 7.4 5.7 6.1 6.9 5.6 5.6 7.6 8.4 5.9 5.5 2.6 5.5 7.3 6.3 4.6 5.1 1.2 5.3 7.8 5.6 6.8

Folate ( g) 348 160 321 425 269 395 385 178 344 423 195 382 341 183 275 585 1051 333 318 150 297 487 319 424

Biotin ( g) 45 34 35 52 38 41 46 33 38 55 39 44 42 29 35 38 21 33 46 42 35 62 40 51

Pantothenate (mg) 6.3 2.0 5.9 8.0 5.5 7.0 7.9 5.0 6.5 9.8 17.4 6.7 6.5 2.7 5.8 5.8 2.1 5.6 5.5 1.1 5.1 7.6 3.2 7.4

Vitamin C (mg) 101 177 58 102 158 61 102 109 71 133 166 87 58 46 40 97 122 68 86 146 50 173 216 119

Females

Retinol (mg) 266 184 237 413 609 273 390 513 268 456 759 289 609 541 421 658 1188 307 532 555 379 793 1491 337

Carotene (mg) 2535 2271 2072 3464 3723 2151 3191 2691 2348 3948 3476 2989 4326 3217 4063 4857 3360 3919 5056 3505 4337 3769 2630 3534

Total vitamin A (mg) 688 442 568 990 885 749 922 664 812 1114 998 861 1330 815 1083 1468 1222 1035 1375 930 1135 1422 1718 995

Vitamin D (mg) 3.0 1.8 2.7 3.4 3.5 2.4 3.1 2.8 2.3 4.5 6.3 3.0 7.6 8.6 3.6 6.4 7.3 4.2 7.8 9.2 3.7 12.4 22.5 4.2

Vitamin E (mg) 9.5 12.9 6.0 9.0 6.3 7.6 9.8 10.6 7.2 15.1 40.3 8.2 10.5 7.2 7.6 14.0 16.9 7.5 12.6 13.6 6.7 38.2 97.4 8.8

Thiamin (mg) 1.2 0.4 1.1 2.3 3.9 1.3 2.5 5.1 1.4 4.4 14.0 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.4 4.1 9.7 1.6 2.9 4.9 1.8 5.8 21.3 1.4

Riboflavin (mg) 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.5 4.5 1.5 2.6 4.9 1.6 3.9 11.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.3 5.0 13.3 2.1 3.0 5.1 2.0 5.4 17.8 1.7



Vitamin B6 (mg) 2.1 0.9 1.8 3.3 4.7 2.0 3.4 6.3 2.2 5.1 13.8 2.3 2.4 1.1 2.2 5.2 9.9 2.4 4.6 9.8 2.6 9.5 38.2 2.2

Vitamin B12 (mg) 3.8 2.4 2.9 5.5 6.2 4.4 5.4 5.3 4.1 10.3 60.5 4.4 4.5 2.4 3.8 8.2 9.9 5.8 7.5 8.2 4.6 6.6 5.8 5.3

Folate ( g) 345 463 235 291 167 246 305 171 267 356 409 288 313 191 249 379 259 260 360 198 330 392 390 267

Biotin ( g) 29 13 26 43 43 30 44 46 29 70 478 33 36 38 28 71 103 44 50 39 37 419 2120 33

Pantothenate (mg) 4.6 2.0 4.2 8.4 20.7 4.8 6.4 6.0 4.7 8.0 12.4 5.3 5.4 2.8 4.9 10.7 12.9 5.8 8.7 10.3 6.0 7.8 9.7 5.3

Vitamin C (mg) 69 70 45 124 262 57 151 258 80 152 345 86 74 42 63 122 114 98 113 81 94 225 627 100

≥65y18-64y

Secondary Tertiary

(n=23)(n=42) (n=151) (n=164) (n=266) (n=36) (n=28)

Primary Intermediate Secondary Tertiary Primary Intermediate

Table 3.46 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and level of education

(n=26) (n=32)(n=31) (n=100) (n=141) (n=356) (n=30) (n=27)

(n=18)


Males

Retinol ( g) 489 414 378 661 1341 330 602 1191 388 459 364 379 737 702 602 586 708 376 650 547 440 394 340 296

Carotene ( g) 4139 3477 3195 3644 3400 2760 3297 2900 2253 3079 2625 2575 3966 3014 3826 5720 4217 5004 4040 2495 3632 3497 2866 2288

Total vitamin A ( g) 1179 768 1065 1268 1494 963 1151 1295 920 972 610 870 1399 888 1349 1540 993 1547 1324 634 1282 977 577 912

Vitamin D ( g) 4.4 4.1 3.1 5.1 7.6 2.9 5.0 12.8 2.6 4.4 5.5 2.8 5.0 3.7 4.1 4.6 3.6 3.9 7.4 6.2 5.5 2.8 2.0 2.5

Vitamin E (mg) 12.8 34.2 9.1 10.6 8.5 8.0 10.4 8.7 8.5 11.3 9.0 9.6 10.5 6.0 8.6 8.9 7.1 6.9 10.6 7.5 7.6 8.3 6.8 7.2

Thiamin (mg) 3.1 7.0 1.9 2.4 2.5 1.9 3.1 7.1 1.8 2.7 3.8 1.9 2.0 0.7 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.8 2.8 4.9 1.7 1.6 0.6 1.6

Riboflavin (mg) 3.5 7.8 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.9 5.3 2.0 3.1 4.0 2.3 2.1 0.9 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.5 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.6



Vitamin B6 (mg) 4.4 7.2 3.1 3.7 2.8 2.9 3.8 2.3 3.3 4.0 4.6 3.3 3.2 1.6 2.8 2.8 1.5 2.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 1.4 2.4

Vitamin B12 ( g) 7.4 8.2 5.9 7.3 5.9 5.7 7.1 6.3 5.6 7.3 5.1 6.1 7.4 5.8 5.7 4.7 2.1 4.2 6.5 3.7 5.7 5.4 2.3 5.4

Folate ( g) 418 239 364 385 201 323 399 182 384 411 175 397 437 282 374 346 183 296 543 987 295 293 180 251

Biotin ( g) 52 37 42 48 38 39 53 41 41 51 35 44 57 42 44 44 38 38 36 11 34 39 10 39

Pantothenate (mg) 9.2 16.8 6.7 8.1 5.7 6.4 7.9 6.4 6.5 8.5 5.8 7.2 7.0 2.8 6.7 6.1 2.4 5.6 6.3 2.5 5.6 6.1 2.0 5.5

Vitamin C (mg) 122 155 81 101 123 67 112 180 58 114 147 76 131 188 89 83 83 50 91 126 62 55 42 48

Females

Retinol ( g) 439 632 292 407 763 274 414 422 310 397 570 260 594 1148 331 912 1301 510 649 642 291 613 416 568

Carotene ( g) 3986 3311 3110 3891 3476 3179 3698 3309 2399 2403 2357 1683 4800 3325 4499 4170 2824 3965 3657 2389 3340 4970 4454 3843

Total vitamin A ( g) 1104 839 897 1055 1007 859 1030 724 818 797 649 607 1394 1409 1084 1607 1334 1374 1258 852 982 1441 978 1016

Vitamin D ( g) 4.4 4.6 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.3 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.4 10.2 17.9 4.9 8.3 9.4 3.9 8.3 9.6 4.2 9.6 11.1 6.4

Vitamin E (mg) 14.9 40.3 8.7 10.4 13.0 7.0 9.8 8.5 6.8 8.7 5.7 7.8 27.6 77.1 7.0 17.0 16.7 10.5 12.7 7.8 11.4 9.8 7.1 7.8

Thiamin (mg) 3.8 12.4 1.5 2.8 7.0 1.4 2.6 5.1 1.4 3.1 10.0 1.3 5.2 18.0 1.4 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.6 2.6 4.3 1.2

Riboflavin (mg) 3.7 11.2 1.7 2.4 4.7 1.6 2.2 2.8 1.5 3.0 7.0 1.5 5.4 16.9 1.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 1.7 0.8 1.5 2.9 4.4 1.3



Vitamin B6 (mg) 4.5 11.2 2.3 3.6 6.6 2.4 3.6 6.7 2.2 3.6 7.2 2.0 8.3 31.0 2.1 3.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 1.1 2.3 3.4 3.2 2.5

Vitamin B12 ( g) 11.1 66.2 4.4 5.6 9.4 4.4 4.8 3.0 4.3 5.4 6.4 3.9 6.8 8.5 5.0 9.0 7.5 6.2 4.4 2.2 4.4 5.9 4.4 3.4

Folate ( g) 358 357 290 337 453 266 304 177 237 297 198 242 356 322 256 424 264 351 379 224 340 343 235 274

Biotin ( g) 46 39 34 44 44 29 45 49 30 37 36 26 266 1648 32 79 116 44 56 65 33 46 44 29

Pantothenate (mg) 8.3 16.8 5.3 6.7 6.4 5.2 6.9 7.0 5.0 6.5 7.7 4.6 8.4 11.8 5.3 10.7 10.4 6.5 5.9 2.9 5.7 7.3 7.4 4.0

Vitamin C (mg) 167 390 88 127 191 75 108 145 57 108 158 68 166 488 85 128 106 93 86 46 90 119 156 69

Non-manual Sklilled manual Unskilled

(n=94)

(n=133)

(n=105)

(n=65)

Sklilled manual

(n=47)

(n=53)

(n=19)

(n=21)

(n=275)

(n=295)

(n=26)

(n=17)

Professional

Table 3.47 Mean, SD and median values of vitamin intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and social class

(n=10)

(n=13)

Unskilled

≥65y

(n=148)

(n=114)

18-64y

Professional Non-manual

Chapter 3 - Nutrient Intakes -Minerals

Table 3.48 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of calcium (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.49 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of phosphorus (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.50 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of magnesium (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.51 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of copper (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.52 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of iron (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.53 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of zinc (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group

Table 3.54 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and geographical location

Table 3.55 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and level of education

Table 3.56 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and social class


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 941 1060 1122 1036 981 824 794 824 874 954 908 995

SD 400 407 428 390 374 356 315 397 352 494 384 573

Median 868 983 1075 935 916 763 736 751 810 851 858 817

Percentiles

5th 433 496 497 536 447 378 352 373 419 377 349 381

95th 1690 1818 1877 1836 1600 1415 1394 1394 1630 2106 1793 2333

97.5th 1872 2037 2091 2103 1830 1700 1655 1702 1842 2337 1936 2494

Food sources

Mean 908 1043 1105 1023 957 776 772 775 782 840 886 800

SD 375 403 422 392 365 289 300 287 275 344 359 327

Median 840 970 1062 924 874 725 715 724 752 769 851 709

Percentiles

5th 421 493 497 531 447 366 352 355 419 374 349 375

95th 1620 1767 1856 1836 1589 1293 1388 1289 1226 1518 1585 1414

97.5th 1817 2017 2091 2103 1812 1442 1590 1436 1397 1654 1867 1609

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.48 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of calcium (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 1397 1623 1682 1609 1534 1174 1144 1174 1225 1292 1427 1173

SD 465 467 503 456 398 337 342 327 338 435 470 364

Median 1352 1580 1687 1530 1516 1145 1099 1145 1212 1240 1386 1106

Percentiles

5th 753 934 900 955 905 658 594 645 749 711 762 641

95th 2242 2435 2560 2494 2278 1760 1706 1744 1850 2169 2345 1858

97.5th 2434 2677 2855 2645 2383 1936 1932 1940 1963 2364 2489 2008

Food sources

Mean 1394 1619 1677 1605 1533 1171 1140 1171 1223 1288 1424 1168

SD 464 467 502 456 397 336 341 327 336 435 472 362

Median 1348 1580 1687 1526 1516 1142 1099 1145 1200 1240 1386 1106

Percentiles

5th 746 934 900 955 905 657 594 645 749 662 762 632

95th 2228 2435 2560 2494 2278 1750 1706 1744 1836 2169 2345 1822

97.5th 2434 2677 2835 2645 2383 1936 1932 1940 1963 2364 2489 1971

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.49 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of phosphorus (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 295 336 350 328 320 255 242 259 270 273 285 262

SD 110 112 121 101 106 93 84 101 91 120 103 132

Median 280 323 346 309 312 240 231 245 258 250 271 238

Percentiles

5th 152 183 173 190 185 135 126 138 148 128 132 125

95th 484 527 564 489 488 411 403 411 452 480 485 477

97.5th 544 589 616 564 537 469 446 469 527 529 504 635

Food sources

Mean 286 330 341 325 317 243 232 245 258 261 281 242

SD 103 108 115 100 103 76 78 72 77 92 99 82

Median 272 319 340 307 311 237 222 242 254 249 271 234

Percentiles

5th 148 179 170 190 185 129 126 134 148 125 132 119

95th 467 514 542 489 478 377 363 373 391 430 465 388

97.5th 525 567 603 547 526 412 442 399 430 479 492 436

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.50 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of magnesium (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1

SD 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.9 3.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8

Median 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9

Percentiles

5th 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

95th 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

97.5th 3.8 3.7 5.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 5.8 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5

Food sources

Mean 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

SD 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7

Median 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9

Percentiles

5th 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

95th 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.7

97.5th 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.51 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of copper (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 14.4 15.0 15.6 14.8 14.3 13.7 15.1 12.8 12.8 15.8 18.1 13.8

SD 14.5 9.0 9.3 7.5 10.1 18.4 24.4 12.8 13.0 25.8 27.6 24.1

Median 11.9 13.6 13.9 14.0 12.6 10.4 10.2 10.6 10.2 10.6 11.4 9.6

Percentiles

5th 6.0 7.4 7.3 7.7 6.9 5.5 4.9 5.5 6.3 5.3 5.3 5.1

95th 25.8 26.3 30.0 25.7 26.4 24.1 27.8 24.2 22.9 27.8 79.7 23.6

97.5th 33.1 32.8 35.3 26.9 34.7 37.6 111.5 29.3 40.4 114.0 115.7 109.0

Food sources

Mean 12.3 14.1 14.6 14.0 13.3 10.5 10.3 10.6 10.5 10.8 11.7 10.0

SD 5.2 5.7 6.2 5.2 5.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.3 4.2 4.6 3.7

Median 11.3 13.1 13.6 13.1 12.5 9.9 9.6 10.0 10.0 10.2 10.9 9.6

Percentiles

5th 5.9 7.2 7.1 7.7 6.9 5.2 4.9 5.0 6.2 5.3 5.2 5.0

95th 21.8 24.6 24.9 24.5 21.5 17.9 18.9 18.6 16.4 18.7 19.5 17.0

97.5th 25.1 27.0 31.2 26.1 26.5 21.2 22.4 20.5 19.4 22.0 23.6 21.2

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.52 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of iron (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=1274) (n=634) (n=276) (n=205) (n=153) (n=640) (n=255) (n=232) (n=153) (n=226) (n=106) (n=120)

All sources

Mean 10.4 11.8 12.4 11.6 11.2 9.0 8.5 8.7 10.1 10.4 10.2 10.7

SD 5.9 5.6 6.9 4.3 4.3 5.9 5.5 5.0 7.5 13.2 4.2 17.8

Median 9.2 10.8 10.7 11.0 10.2 7.8 7.3 7.6 8.6 8.8 9.6 7.8

Percentiles

5th 4.7 6.1 5.5 6.2 6.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.5

95th 19.4 20.6 21.1 19.0 20.5 18.4 17.8 17.5 20.2 17.9 17.6 20.2

97.5th 23.1 24.2 26.3 23.3 23.9 22.6 21.4 22.6 23.4 26.0 21.5 35.9

Food sources

Mean 9.3 10.9 11.0 11.2 10.6 7.7 7.4 7.6 8.4 8.7 9.4 8.0

SD 8.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.9 3.1 2.6

Median 3.6 10.4 10.4 11.0 9.9 7.5 7.0 7.4 8.4 8.5 9.2 7.7

Percentiles

5th 4.6 5.9 5.4 6.2 6.2 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.4

95th 15.9 17.3 17.9 17.4 16.5 12.0 12.2 12.0 12.2 13.9 15.3 12.7

97.5th 17.4 18.7 19.1 21.0 17.7 13.4 14.2 13.2 13.9 15.3 16.6 13.7

18-64y ≥65y

Males Females

Table 3.53 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of zinc (mg) intake from all sources and from food sources (excluding supplements) by gender and age group


Males

Calcium (mg) 1082 408 1052 1068 415 900 1078 415 1022 1006 390 889 901 358 911 855 N/A 855 820 418 732 943 873 385

Phosphorus (mg) 1641 449 1599 1766 599 1647 1614 475 1603 1594 454 1511 1493 450 1472 1446 N/A 1446 1307 504 1226 1446 1423 469

Magnesium (mg) 331 97 317 354 117 330 334 119 325 342 117 324 301 113 305 249 N/A 249 253 111 216 291 288 97

Iron (mg) 15.1 5.9 14.1 17.0 15.5 13.7 15.4 11.4 13.6 14.1 6.0 12.9 22.1 28.8 12.9 15.0 N/A 15.0 10.6 3.8 9.4 19.4 11.7 31.8

Copper (mg) 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.0 N/A 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.5

Zinc (mg) 12.2 5.0 11.5 12.5 4.9 10.8 11.9 6.8 10.6 11.3 4.2 10.4 10.7 3.5 10.5 12.4 N/A 12.4 9.7 4.7 8.6 10.1 9.4 4.3

Females

Calcium (mg) 833 299 789 929 390 866 780 333 716 846 426 757 1006 618 877 582 47 582 1050 631 729 966 898 522

Phosphorus (mg) 1190 313 1150 1260 371 1279 1129 346 1092 1193 344 1159 1122 310 1058 845 183 845 1189 353 1078 1195 1165 395

Magnesium (mg) 254 77 243 306 133 278 245 87 237 259 105 242 250 140 213 188 4 188 267 110 243 266 241 146

Iron (mg) 12.6 10.9 10.5 21.8 34.4 10.6 14.0 19.8 10.4 13.4 19.7 10.1 13.9 21.4 9.6 6.6 1.7 6.6 16.4 35.0 9.8 12.3 9.7 14.6

Copper (mg) 1.2 0.9 1.0 2.0 4.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 2.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9

Zinc (mg) 9.1 4.9 8.1 12.5 14.7 8.9 8.5 4.8 7.5 8.7 5.6 7.9 8.0 2.3 7.6 5.3 1.3 5.3 10.4 8.1 8.4 12.1 8.0 25.1

City

(n=169)

(n=187)

(n=60)

(n=56)(n=39)

Open country/village Small town Large town

(n=188)

(n=215)

(n=25)

(n=30)

(n=252)

(n=208)

Table 3.54 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and geographical location

≥65y18-64y

(n=23)

(n=23)

(n=1)

(n=2)

(n=22)

Open country/village Small town Large town City


Males

Calcium (mg) 996 423 898 1089 402 1053 1061 435 967 1055 390 993 978 449 883 740 308 685 790 268 794 1036 364 983

Phosphorus (mg) 1537 534 1473 1610 435 1540 1647 518 1606 1631 444 1590 1438 500 1358 1315 522 1186 1278 334 1304 1612 423 1526

Magnesium (mg) 314 134 302 329 102 307 339 128 319 344 102 341 278 117 265 263 88 238 266 112 248 328 79 328

Iron (mg) 13.5 6.3 12.6 15.4 13.0 13.8 15.2 8.8 13.2 15.1 6.4 13.8 17.5 23.6 11.1 12.4 6.0 10.6 17.0 24.8 11.3 24.7 41.7 14.0

Copper (mg) 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.6 1.3

Zinc (mg) 11.4 4.6 10.4 11.9 6.0 10.6 11.3 4.6 10.3 12.2 6.0 11.3 9.9 3.5 9.4 9.5 4.1 9.4 9.9 4.1 9.3 11.4 5.1 10.6

Females

Calcium (mg) 666 340 593 783 314 732 788 258 721 865 394 803 908 631 644 1004 480 889 1025 536 920 1094 637 973

Phosphorus (mg) 1024 336 972 1111 353 1076 1135 297 1113 1228 338 1204 1037 302 1038 1240 388 1324 1261 345 1255 1204 393 1098

Magnesium (mg) 208 66 199 234 84 220 241 77 229 273 99 259 223 126 198 277 91 273 288 122 259 276 173 243

Iron (mg) 9.2 3.1 8.5 13.0 17.9 9.3 15.1 24.8 10.3 14.0 16.4 10.9 9.1 4.1 8.0 18.9 42.0 9.6 15.7 20.6 11.5 13.5 18.2 10.4

Copper (mg) 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.5 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9

Zinc (mg) 7.3 2.4 6.9 7.9 3.5 7.5 8.9 5.4 7.3 9.5 6.8 8.2 7.3 2.5 7.0 10.5 8.2 8.3 11.0 7.6 9.2 14.2 32.9 8.4

≥65y18-64y

(n=266) (n=36)

(n=30) (n=27)

(n=23) (n=18)

Secondary Tertiary

(n=26)

(n=42)

(n=31)

(n=151)

(n=141)(n=100)

(n=164) (n=28)

(n=32)

Table 3.55 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and level of education

(n=356)

TertiaryPrimary Intermediate SecondaryPrimary Intermediate


Males

Calcium (mg) 1051 403 974 1006 350 965 1021 415 922 1153 435 1120 929 354 889 812 362 821 958 473 868 927 298 818

Phosphorus (mg) 1627 463 1587 1542 396 1491 1576 462 1531 1726 513 1691 1520 478 1469 1289 391 1359 1468 500 1404 1343 366 1234

Magnesium (mg) 343 116 328 311 88 300 331 112 331 349 116 339 311 103 292 274 109 305 269 100 257 268 74 254

Iron (mg) 15.3 7.7 14.1 15.5 11.7 13.0 14.6 12.1 12.7 14.8 6.7 13.4 17.7 20.8 12.2 26.8 50.9 10.7 16.3 20.8 10.7 11.6 4.8 11.9

Copper (mg) 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.9

Zinc (mg) 11.9 4.5 11.2 11.8 6.6 10.2 11.4 5.7 10.5 12.3 6.7 10.9 11.0 5.0 10.2 9.2 3.0 9.5 10.6 3.8 10.5 8.3 2.2 8.6

Females

Calcium (mg) 877 411 801 773 262 755 794 293 722 776 300 715 1059 573 952 1048 567 901 1041 705 666 863 554 595

Phosphorus (mg) 1232 327 1215 1170 330 1159 1087 307 1031 1127 340 1055 1173 362 1107 1309 441 1228 1184 305 1139 1080 344 912

Magnesium (mg) 274 95 265 247 83 234 242 88 228 232 82 217 277 166 237 282 132 260 249 69 243 232 85 192

Iron (mg) 12.9 9.5 11.0 14.9 23.6 10.4 14.6 22.0 8.7 15.6 27.0 9.8 10.3 4.4 9.6 26.8 51.4 11.8 10.2 2.6 10.8 9.7 5.5 8.3

Copper (mg) 1.5 2.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8

Zinc (mg) 9.3 4.9 8.2 8.9 4.5 8.1 9.2 5.7 7.6 8.1 5.9 6.8 12.7 26.3 8.0 11.3 6.2 9.1 8.1 2.0 7.6 8.6 4.4 7.1

(n=13)

Professional Non-manual Sklilled manual Unskilled

(n=295) (n=133) (n=17)(n=65) (n=114)

Sklilled manual Unskilled

≥65y

(n=10)(n=94) (n=26)(n=105) (n=148)

Non-manual

Table 3.56 Mean, SD and median values of mineral intakes from all sources (including supplements) by gender and social class

Professional

18-64y

(n=47)

(n=53)

(n=19)

(n=21)

(n=275)

Chapter 3 -Nutrient Intakes - Sodium

Table 3.57 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.58 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of salt intakes (g) from food sources only by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.59 Percentage contribution of food groups to mean daily sodium intake in 18-64 year olds and those aged 65 years and over by gender (excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.60 Percentage contribution of food groups to mean daily sodium intake by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.61 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and social class* (excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.62 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and level of education*(excluding under-reporters)

Table 3.63 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and geographical location (excluding under-reporters)


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=889) (n=448) (n=207) (n=143) (n=98) (n=441) (n=170) (n=165) (n=106) (n=162) (n=75) (n=87)

Mean 2944 3405 3572 3361 3117 2475 2604 2417 2357 2499 2913 2141

SD 953 919 897 959 832 733 840 644 648 926 1048 617

Median 2822 3344 3447 3354 3091 2420 2531 2343 2367 2355 2916 2161

Percentiles

5th 1564 1941 2217 1869 1598 1354 1285 1513 1283 1222 1315 1213

95th 4654 5051 5252 4936 4502 3732 3891 3532 3485 4246 4802 3087

Males Females

18-64y ≥65y

Table 3.57 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)


18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y 18-64y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

(n=889) (n=448) (n=207) (n=143) (n=98) (n=441) (n=170) (n=165) (n=106) (n=162) (n=75) (n=87)

Mean 7.36 8.51 8.93 8.40 7.79 6.19 6.51 6.04 5.89 6.25 7.28 5.35

SD 2.38 2.30 2.24 2.40 2.08 1.83 2.10 1.61 1.62 2.31 2.62 1.54

Median 7.06 8.36 8.62 8.39 7.73 6.05 6.33 5.86 5.92 5.89 7.29 5.40

Percentiles

5th 3.91 4.85 5.54 4.67 3.99 3.38 3.21 3.78 3.21 3.06 3.29 3.03

95th 11.63 12.63 13.13 12.34 11.26 9.33 9.73 8.83 8.71 10.62 12.00 7.72

FemalesMales

18-64y ≥65y

Table 3.58 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of salt intakes (g) from food sources only by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)

All Males Females All Males Females

(n=889) (n=448) (n=441) (n=162) (n=75) (n=87)

% % % % % %

Meat & fish 30.1 31.4 28.7 30.2 31.3 29.2

Cured/Processed meats 18.1 20.2 16.0 18.2 21.2 15.7

Meat/meat dishes 8.6 8.4 8.9 7.0 5.4 8.4

Fish/fish dishes 3.3 2.8 3.9 4.9 4.7 5.2

Bread & rolls 21.9 21.7 22.0 24.8 27.3 22.7

Milk & milk products 8.3 8.2 8.5 8.7 8.0 9.4

Cheese 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.4 2.6

Soups, sauces & miscellaneous foods 8.5 8.0 9.0 8.7 9.1 8.3

Spreading fats 3.2 3.3 3.2 5.3 5.4 5.1

Vegetables/processed vegetables incl. potatoes 7.0 6.4 7.6 5.8 4.3 7.0

Processsed veg/veg dishes 3.7 3.0 4.5 2.4 1.3 3.3

Breakfast cereals 5.7 5.9 5.5 6.0 4.6 7.2

Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals 4.7 4.9 4.4 3.4 2.3 4.2

Other breakfast cereals 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.3 2.9

Biscuits/cakes/pastries/confectionary 6.3 5.7 7.0 4.9 4.4 5.3

Savouries 4.4 4.7 4.1 1.4 1.6 1.3

Eggs & egg dishes 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

Desserts 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2

Other foods 2.6 3.0 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Food/Food Category

18-64y ≥65y

Table 3.59 Percentage contribution of food groups to mean daily sodium intake in 18-64 year olds and those aged 65

years and over by gender (excluding under-reporters)

18-35y 36-50y 51-64y ≥65y 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y ≥65y

(n=207) (n=143) (n=98) (n=75) (n=170) (n=165) (n=106) (n=87)

% % % % % % % %

Meat & fish 31.0 32.8 30.3 31.3 28.8 29.5 27.5 29.2

Cured/Processed meats 20.3 20.7 19.3 21.2 17.1 15.5 15.1 15.7

Meat/meat dishes 8.7 8.9 7.1 5.4 9.0 9.2 8.1 8.4

Fish/fish dishes 2.1 3.2 3.9 4.7 2.7 4.8 4.3 5.2

Bread & rolls 19.3 22.3 26.0 27.3 18.7 23.9 24.2 22.7

Milk & milk products 8.5 8.1 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.4

Cheese 4.1 3.9 3.5 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.5 2.6

Soups, sauces & miscellaneous foods 9.4 6.9 6.5 9.1 10.9 7.5 8.2 8.3

Spreading fats 2.4 3.5 4.8 5.4 2.3 3.4 4.4 5.1

Vegetables/processed vegetables incl. potatoes 6.9 6.5 5.4 4.3 8.3 7.1 7.3 7.0

Processed veg/veg dishes 3.7 2.8 1.7 1.3 5.7 3.7 3.7 3.3

Breakfast cereals 5.6 6.5 5.9 4.6 5.2 5.3 6.1 7.2

Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals 5.3 4.9 4.0 2.3 4.7 4.5 3.8 4.2

Other breakfast cereals 0.3 1.5 1.8 2.3 0.5 0.8 2.3 2.9

Biscuits/cakes/pastries/confectionary 5.6 5.5 6.2 4.4 7.1 7.3 6.2 5.3

Savouries 5.9 4.0 3.1 1.6 5.9 3.1 2.5 1.3

Egg & egg dishes 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5

Desserts 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2

Other foods 3.9 2.4 2.1 1.5 2.6 1.8 1.9 1.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Males Females

Food/Food Category

Table 3.60 Percentage contribution of food groups to mean daily sodium intake by gender and age group (excluding under-reporters)

Gender

Age group Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median

Males

18-64y 3351 879 3302 3237 893 3205 3489 1028 3386 3573 870 3447

18-35y 3607 918 3460 3494 895 3412 3453 838 3341 3641 874 3482

36-50y 3323 825 3329 2992 896 3101 3685 1208 3516 3416 922 3394

51-64y 3112 854 3085 3079 829 2940 3155 933 3208 3218 685 3096

≥65y 2833 993 2717 3114 1149 2971 3091 1108 3188 3068 723 3189

Females

18-64y 2500 644 2433 2462 848 2411 2325 735 2299 2467 744 2392

18-35y 2664 708 2679 2645 997 2521 2045 510 2274 2613 822 2462

36-50y 2489 587 2396 2321 738 2292 2399 879 2296 2228 445 2183

51-64y 2323 612 2362 2293 590 2297 2395 459 2556 2319 742 2373

≥65y 2089 654 2012 2206 632 2043 2333 336 2379 2413 560 2522*Social class excludes 37 missing values

# Includes students

(n=121)(n=94)

Professional Non-manual Skilled manual Unskilled#

Table 3.61 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and social class*

(excluding under-reporters)

(n=257)

(n=227) (n=74)

(n=109) (n=48) (n=84)

Gender


Males

18-64y 3513 1014 3349 3448 896 3326 3418 855 3438 3385 948 3302

18-35y 3810 1159 3750 3560 880 3341 3583 778 3484 3583 966 3468

36-50y 3884 986 4100 3409 1023 3440 3204 934 3215 3331 931 3290

51-64y 3236 974 3113 3339 729 3207 3018 886 3138 3006 824 2931

≥65y 2901 952 2954 2865 1239 2864 2903 998 2732 3025 1103 2936

Females

18-64y 2372 728 2478 2369 691 2352 2408 766 2379 2528 733 2451

18-35y 1872 785 1872 2332 917 2225 2633 829 2464 2630 835 2561

36-50y 2925 377 2863 2387 677 2208 2296 704 2293 2449 612 2330

51-64y 2077 724 1695 2369 611 2368 2199 681 2275 2436 662 2422

≥65y 2192 493 2347 2480 664 2297 2065 650 1976 1902 488 1982*Level of education excludes 18 missing values

Intermediate Secondary Tertiary

Table 3.62 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and level of

education*(excluding under-reporters)

(n=52) (n=130) (n=132) (n=200)

(n=35) (n=88) (n=115) (n=281)

Primary

Gender


Males

18-64y 3561 999 3493 3130 677 3139 3356 884 3327 3345 893 3293

18-35y 3984 1154 3945 3277 637 3387 3523 830 3438 3444 795 3345

36-50y 3442 902 3371 2535 397 2411 3196 963 3383 3547 1049 3485

51-64y 3338 878 3155 3432 705 3194 2945 808 3091 2941 768 2790

≥65y 3210 1030 3189 4260 N/A 4260 2754 887 2776 2786 1089 2730

Females

18-64y 2465 707 2432 2441 670 2481 2470 746 2398 2496 768 2378

18-35y 2606 884 2689 2789 908 2879 2595 817 2521 2590 851 2423

36-50y 2401 624 2299 2422 589 2480 2295 534 2279 2517 742 2418

51-64y 2401 572 2390 2250 566 2416 2262 691 2275 2381 719 2352

≥65y 2178 778 2235 2541 823 2541 2075 602 2142 2156 546 2121

Small town Large town City

Table 3.63 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of sodium intakes (mg) from food sources only by gender, age group and geographical

location (excluding under-reporters)

(n=156) (n=21) (n=188) (n=158)

(n=28)(n=171) (n=172)(n=157)

Open country/village

Chapter 4 Anthropometry

Tables 4.1-4.23

Table 4.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for the total

population and by age group

Table 4.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for all males

and by age group

Table 4.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for all

females and by age group

Table 4.4 Percentage of the population in each BMI category by gender and age group

Table 4.5 Percentage of the population with increasing risk for CVD as defined by waist

circumference and WHR by gender and age group

Table 4.6 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for the total population by demographic and

lifestyle variables and by age group

Table 4.7 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables

and by age group

Table 4.8 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables

and by age group

Table 4.9 Mean and SD values of height (m) for the total population by demographic and


Table 4.10 Mean and SD values of height (m) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables

and by age group

Table 4.11 Mean and SD values of height (m) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables

and by age group

Table 4.12 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for the total population by demographic and


Table 4.13 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables

and by age group

Table 4.14 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for females by demographic and lifestyle

variables and by age group

Table 4.15 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for the total population by

demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group

Table 4.16 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for males by demographic and


Table 4.17 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for females by demographic and


Table 4.18 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for the total population by demographic and


Table 4.19 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for males by demographic and lifestyle


Table 4.20 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for females by demographic and lifestyle


Table 4.21 Mean and SD values of percentage body fat for the total population by demographic

and lifestyle variables and by age group

Table 4.22 Mean and SD values of percentage body fat for males by demographic and lifestyle


Table 4.23 Mean and standard deviation values of percentage body fat for females by demographic

and lifestyle variables and by age group

Table 4.1 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for the total population and by age group*

Age groups Weight Height BMI Waist Hip WHR Body Fat Lean Body Mass

kg m kg/m² cm cm % %

18-64y n 1166 1169 1166 1101 1100 1100 1156 1150

Mean 78.0 1.70 27.0 90.7 103.6 0.87 28.7 55.1

SD 16.5 0.10 5.1 13.8 9.7 0.09 9.1 11.8

Median 76.1 1.69 26.3 89.1 103.1 0.87 28.6 52.8

5th

percentile 55.5 1.55 20.6 71.2 90.1 0.74 13.5 40.6

95th

percentile 106.5 1.86 35.7 115.4 119.4 1.01 43.9 74.7

18-35y n 495 497 495 465 465 465 493 490

Mean 75.2 1.72 25.3 85.6 101.5 0.84 24.9 56.1

SD 15.1 0.09 4.2 12.1 9.2 0.08 9.1 11.7

Median 72.8 1.72 24.6 84.4 102.0 0.84 24.0 54.9

5th

percentile 54.2 1.57 20.2 69.3 87.2 0.73 11.5 41.7

95th

percentile 101.3 1.87 33.0 108.1 118.3 0.97 40.8 75.8

36-50y n 399 399 399 378 378 378 398 397

Mean 78.7 1.69 27.6 92.4 104.3 0.88 30.6 54.2

SD 16.2 0.09 4.8 13.1 9.1 0.08 8.1 11.5

Median 78.8 1.69 27.1 91.8 103.5 0.89 30.2 50.4

5th

percentile 56.1 1.53 21.3 73.6 91.6 0.75 17.5 40.3

95th

percentile 107.9 1.84 36.0 113.3 119.0 1.01 44.6 73.7

51-64y n 272 273 272 258 257 257 265 263

Mean 82.0 1.67 29.2 97.6 106.5 0.92 32.7 54.8

SD 18.4 0.10 5.9 14.1 10.4 0.08 8.0 12.3

Median 81.0 1.67 28.4 97.7 105.3 0.92 32.3 53.4

5th

percentile 56.1 1.52 21.7 74.5 92.0 0.78 20.3 39.2

95th

percentile 116.1 1.84 39.9 122.9 126.3 1.05 46.8 74.8

≥ 65y n 188 189 188 170 170 170 163 163

Mean 74.6 1.64 27.7 95.9 105.2 0.91 32.8 50.4

SD 13.9 0.09 4.1 12.8 8.8 0.08 7.5 9.9

Median 73.7 1.63 27.3 95.0 104.5 0.91 33.2 48.5

5th

percentile 53.8 1.50 21.6 74.9 92.7 0.78 20.7 37.3

95th

percentile 98.4 1.80 34.5 116.1 119.8 1.06 46.1 67.3

* Self-reported and missing measurements excluded from analysis

Table 4.2 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for all males and by age group*



18-64y n 573 575 573 530 530 530 570 566

Mean 86.2 1.77 27.5 95.5 104.6 0.91 23.3 65.3

SD 15.0 0.07 4.6 12.7 8.3 0.08 7.5 7.9

Median 85.1 1.77 27.2 95.0 104.5 0.91 22.9 64.9

5th

percentile 64.0 1.66 21.1 76.1 91.9 0.79 11.6 53.7

95th

percentile 112.6 1.89 35.0 116.4 118.6 1.04 35.4 79.9

18-35y n 255 256 255 231 231 231 254 252

Mean 82.5 1.79 25.8 89.2 102.7 0.87 19.2 65.9

SD 14.2 0.07 4.0 11.4 8.5 0.07 6.8 7.7

Median 80.7 1.78 25.4 87.0 102.8 0.85 18.6 65.4

5th

percentile 63.2 1.68 20.6 73.6 89.9 0.77 10.3 55.0

95th

percentile 107.9 1.90 33.0 110.4 117.7 0.99 31.1 80.9

36-50y n 185 185 185 174 174 174 185 184

Mean 88.2 1.76 28.5 98.0 105.4 0.93 25.7 64.6

SD 14.2 0.07 4.3 11.1 8.3 0.06 6.5 7.7

Median 86.3 1.76 28.2 97.5 105.0 0.93 25.6 64.6

5th

percentile 66.2 1.64 22.4 81.8 93.8 0.83 15.9 51.9

95th

percentile 113.2 1.86 35.9 115.7 117.6 1.03 35.5 78.0

51-64y n 133 134 133 125 125 125 131 130

Mean 90.7 1.75 29.7 103.7 107.1 0.97 27.8 65.0

SD 16.0 0.07 4.8 10.9 7.0 0.06 5.9 8.7

Median 88.5 1.74 29.5 102.9 107.2 0.97 27.3 64.0

5th

percentile 67.3 1.63 23.2 87.7 97.2 0.87 18.8 52.4

95th

percentile 118.8 1.86 38.3 125.3 120.6 1.09 40.7 81.6

≥ 65y n 85 86 85 76 76 76 78 78

Mean 82.4 1.71 28.1 102.5 106.9 0.96 28.6 58.9

SD 13.3 0.07 4.2 11.7 8.4 0.07 6.3 6.3

Median 80.6 1.71 27.8 102.2 105.8 0.96 27.7 58.6

5th

percentile 63.2 1.61 21.8 84.3 95.3 0.84 19.6 48.4

95th

percentile 109.1 1.81 37.5 127.6 122.4 1.09 39.4 69.6

* Self-reported and missing measurements excluded from analysis

Table 4.3 Mean, SD, median and percentile values of anthropometric measurements for all females and by age group*



18-64y n 593 594 593 571 570 570 586 584

Mean 70.0 1.63 26.4 86.3 102.7 0.84 33.9 45.3

SD 13.7 0.06 5.5 13.3 10.7 0.08 7.4 4.2

Median 67.5 1.63 25.2 83.6 101.5 0.84 33.8 44.8

5th

percentile 52.2 1.53 20.3 69.3 88.4 0.72 21.9 39.2

95th

percentile 96.3 1.73 36.1 110.7 123.1 0.97 46.2 52.9

18-35y n 240 241 240 234 234 234 239 238

Mean 67.4 1.65 24.8 82.1 100.3 0.82 31.0 45.8

SD 11.7 0.06 4.3 11.7 9.8 0.07 7.1 3.7

Median 65.6 1.65 23.9 80.0 100.5 0.80 30.8 45.1

5th

percentile 51.2 1.56 19.4 66.2 82.5 0.72 19.4 40.1

95th

percentile 90.2 1.76 33.5 105.7 118.7 0.95 43.7 52.6

36-50y n 214 214 214 204 204 204 213 213

Mean 70.5 1.63 26.7 87.6 103.3 0.85 34.9 45.2

SD 13.1 0.07 5.1 12.8 9.7 0.08 6.8 4.2

Median 68.6 1.63 25.5 85.1 101.8 0.85 34.9 44.4

5th

percentile 52.7 1.52 20.7 72.0 90.6 0.73 23.3 39.1

95th

percentile 94.4 1.74 36.1 110.8 122.0 0.97 46.2 53.9

51-64y n 139 139 139 133 132 132 134 133

Mean 73.6 1.60 28.8 91.9 106.0 0.87 37.5 44.8

SD 16.6 0.64 6.8 14.4 12.8 0.07 6.8 5.0

Median 69.8 1.60 27.2 90.1 103.2 0.86 37.8 44.8

5th

percentile 53.4 1.49 21.2 72.8 89.2 0.75 25.3 38.2

95th

percentile 103.4 1.69 41.6 120.2 130.9 0.99 48.6 54.6

≥ 65y n 103 103 103 94 94 94 85 85

Mean 68.1 1.58 27.3 90.5 103.9 0.87 36.7 42.5

SD 10.7 0.06 4.0 11.1 8.8 0.07 6.2 4.7

Median 69.1 1.58 27.2 90.1 103.6 0.87 37.8 42.2

5th

percentile 53.2 1.50 21.5 73.1 88.8 0.76 25.9 36.1

95th

percentile 89.3 1.68 33.8 109.2 119.5 0.98 47.0 50.2

* Self -reported and missing measurements excluded from analysis

Table 4.4 Percentage of the population in each BMI category by gender and age group*

n Underweight Normal Pre-obese Obese Class I Class II Class III

≤ 18.49 kg/m² 18.50-24.99 kg/m² 25.00-29.99 kg/m² ≥ 30.00 kg/m² 30.00-34.99 kg/m² 35.00-39.99 kg/m² ≥ 40.00 kg/m²

All 18-64y 1166 0.7 38.8 37.1 23.4 17.8 3.6 2.0

18-35y 495 0.8 53.5 32.5 13.1 11.3 1.0 0.8

36-50y 399 0.8 32.1 39.8 27.3 21.3 4.5 1.5

51-64y 272 0.4 21.7 41.5 36.4 24.6 7.0 4.8

≥ 65y 188 1.1 21.3 53.2 24.5 20.2 2.7 1.6

Males 18-64y 573 0.3 30.2 43.8 25.7 20.8 3.8 1.0

18-35y 255 N/A 47.5 39.6 13.0 11.0 1.2 0.8

36-50y 185 1.1 17.8 49.7 31.3 25.9 4.9 0.5

51-64y 133 N/A 14.3 43.6 42.1 32.3 7.5 2.3

≥ 65y 85 1.2 15.3 58.8 24.7 18.8 3.5 2.4

Females 18-64y 593 1.0 47.0 30.7 21.2 15.0 3.4 2.9

18-35y 240 1.7 60.0 25.0 13.3 11.7 0.8 0.8

36-50y 214 0.5 44.4 31.3 23.8 17.3 4.2 2.3

51-64y 139 0.7 28.8 39.6 30.9 17.3 6.5 7.2

≥ 65y 103 1.0 26.2 48.5 24.3 21.4 1.9 1.0


Age group

% Normal % Increased % High % Normal % Increased

n Risk Risk Risk n Risk Risk

All 18-64y 1101 41.1 24.6 34.3 1100 49.1 50.9

18-35y 465 59.8 20.4 19.8 465 65.3 34.7

36-50y 378 33.6 28.6 37.8 378 42.1 57.9

51-64y 258 18.2 26.4 55.4 257 30.0 70.0

≥ 65y 170 18.8 27.1 54.1 170 27.1 72.9

Males 18-64y 530 46.4 22.5 31.1 530 65.8 34.2

18-35y 231 70.6 14.7 14.7 231 84.8 15.2

36-50y 174 36.2 28.2 35.6 174 58.0 42.0

51-64y 125 16.0 28.8 55.2 125 41.6 58.4

≥ 65y 76 21.1 28.9 50.0 76 43.4 56.6

Females 18-64y 571 36.0 26.6 37.3 570 33.5 66.5

18-35y 234 49.1 26.1 24.8 234 46.2 53.8

36-50y 204 31.4 28.9 39.7 204 28.4 71.6

51-64y 133 20.3 24.1 55.6 132 18.9 81.1

≥ 65y 94 17.0 25.5 57.4 94 13.8 86.2

<94cm men; <80cm women = normal risk

94-101.9cm men; 80-87.9cm women = increased risk

≥102cm men; ≥88cm women = high risk§§

WHR <0.95 men; <0.80 women = normal risk

≥95cm men; ≥80 women = high risk


Table 4.5 Percentage of the population with increasing risk for CVD as defined by waist circumference and WHR by

gender and age group*

§Waist

Circumference

WHR§§

Waist Circumference§

Age Group

Table 4.6 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group

Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n Mean SD n

Smoking status

Smoker 76.9 15.9 259 74.7 14.5 131 79.7 17.4 90 77.6 15.6 38 68.6 15.5 13

Ex-smoker 79.6 16.3 286 74.9 14.8 86 81.8 17.7 103 81.3 15.3 97 76.5 13.2 77

Never smoked 77.6 16.8 614 75.4 15.5 277 76.6 14.4 203 83.4 21.0 134 74.0 14.1 96

Location

Open country & village 77.5 16.0 347 72.4 14.9 102 78.9 15.3 164 80.9 17.4 81 76.9 12.7 35

Small town 76.3 15.9 47 77.2 14.5 16 71.6 18.4 13 78.8 15.2 18 73.3 8.6 2

Large town 78.0 16.2 434 76.2 15.5 263 78.8 15.8 104 83.8 18.2 67 73.3 12.5 53

City 78.6 17.4 338 74.9 14.1 114 79.0 17.4 118 82.2 19.8 106 74.5 15.0 98

Education Level

Primary 82.6 19.5 67 77.4 12.4 9 79.2 17.6 21 85.8 21.6 37 77.9 17.0 50

Intermediate 82.0 16.3 224 80.1 14.4 66 83.8 16.8 94 81.3 17.4 64 71.7 14.5 43

Secondary 77.3 16.0 275 76.1 15.6 150 77.6 15.3 79 80.9 18.1 46 71.4 10.8 35

Tertiary 76.0 16.1 585 73.4 14.9 266 76.4 15.5 198 81.3 18.2 121 75.8 11.4 57

Social Class

Professional Workers 77.3 15.9 536 74.7 14.7 172 76.9 15.2 220 81.1 17.6 144 74.8 14.4 87

Non-manual 77.4 18.9 199 73.5 16.7 87 77.9 18.5 57 83.2 21.1 55 73.6 12.1 32

Skilled manual 83.0 16.1 149 81.4 16.2 47 84.4 16.5 66 82.5 15.5 36 79.1 14.2 36

Unskilled#

76.6 15.7 247 74.7 14.0 174 80.2 16.0 44 82.9 22.2 29 73.2 13.8 18# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.7 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 83.4 15.0 125 80.1 15.0 60 86.1 14.9 47 87.5 13.3 18 82.4 8.9 5

Ex-smoker 88.4 14.5 137 84.2 13.7 39 92.2 17.2 47 88.1 11.4 51 82.3 12.6 39

Never smoked 86.3 15.2 305 83.0 14.0 155 86.9 11.6 89 93.6 19.6 61 82.5 14.6 41

Location


Small town 83.3 13.8 23 77.9 13.1 10 85.5 17.2 6 89.2 9.9 7 79.4 N/A 1

Large town 85.9 15.2 230 83.6 14.8 139 86.0 14.1 55 94.4 15.8 36 82.4 10.8 18

City 85.6 15.3 160 80.8 13.9 62 89.1 15.1 46 88.3 16.0 52 82.4 14.9 49

Education Level

Primary 88.0 16.3 38 84.6 7.3 6 87.9 16.2 11 89.0 18.6 21 85.8 17.7 27

Intermediate 86.4 15.4 132 83.4 14.2 50 89.8 16.6 53 85.5 14.1 29 80.8 13.8 18

Secondary 84.4 14.9 147 81.3 14.9 93 87.4 12.2 33 93.4 14.8 21 78.1 9.5 15

Tertiary 86.8 14.8 248 83.0 14.1 105 87.2 13.2 84 92.9 16.3 59 82.5 7.9 25

Social Class


Non-manual 89.0 19.6 78 84.3 18.7 31 91.2 21.0 20 92.7 19.1 27 79.5 8.7 17

Skilled manual 88.3 13.9 93 86.6 14.3 32 89.3 14.4 42 88.7 12.9 19 83.7 13.9 20Unskilled

#81.9 13.8 140 79.8 13.0 108 91.2 12.6 20 85.8 16.3 12 84.4 13.9 6

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.8 Mean and SD values of weight (kg) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 70.8 14.2 134 70.1 12.5 71 72.7 17.5 43 68.7 11.9 20 60.0 12.0 8

Ex-smoker 71.5 13.4 149 67.3 10.8 47 73.1 12.9 56 73.9 15.7 46 70.6 11.1 38

Never smoked 69.0 13.5 309 65.8 11.4 122 68.6 10.8 114 74.9 18.2 73 67.6 9.9 55

Location


Small town 69.5 15.0 24 76.0 17.8 6 59.7 8.4 7 72.3 14.6 11 67.2 N/A 1

Large town 69.2 12.3 204 68.0 11.7 124 70.7 13.7 49 71.4 12.1 31 68.6 10.8 35

City 72.3 16.7 178 67.7 10.7 52 72.6 15.7 72 76.3 21.4 54 66.6 10.4 49

Education Level

Primary 75.5 21.3 29 62.9 2.6 3 69.6 14.3 10 81.6 25.1 16 68.6 10.4 23

Intermediate 75.6 15.5 92 69.9 9.3 16 76.0 13.5 41 77.9 19.2 35 65.1 11.2 25

Secondary 69.2 13.2 128 67.6 12.9 57 70.7 13.5 46 70.4 13.3 25 66.5 9.1 20

Tertiary 68.1 11.8 337 67.1 11.7 161 68.4 11.7 114 70.3 12.3 62 70.5 11.0 32

Social Class


Non-manual 70.0 14.1 121 67.4 11.9 56 67.4 11.9 56 74.0 19.1 28 66.9 12.1 15


#69.7 15.5 107 66.4 11.3 66 66.4 11.3 66 80.8 25.9 17 67.7 10.3 12

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y


Smoking status

Smoker 1.70 0.10 260 1.72 0.09 132 1.70 0.11 90 1.66 0.09 38 1.62 0.12 13

Ex-smoker 1.70 0.09 287 1.72 0.09 86 1.70 0.08 103 1.67 0.08 98 1.64 0.09 78

Never smoked 1.70 0.07 615 1.72 0.10 278 1.68 0.09 203 1.67 0.11 134 1.64 0.09 96

Location


Small town 1.68 0.10 47 1.72 0.08 16 1.67 0.11 13 1.64 0.09 18 1.67 0.12 2

Large town 1.71 0.10 436 1.73 0.09 264 1.69 0.09 104 1.68 0.11 68 1.62 0.08 54

City 1.69 0.10 338 1.72 0.09 114 1.68 0.10 118 1.68 0.09 106 1.65 0.10 98

Education Level

Primary 1.68 0.10 67 1.76 0.07 9 1.70 0.11 21 1.65 0.09 37 1.64 0.10 50

Intermediate 1.70 0.10 224 1.75 0.09 66 1.69 0.10 94 1.65 0.09 64 1.62 0.09 43

Secondary 1.71 0.10 275 1.75 0.09 150 1.67 0.09 79 1.68 0.10 46 1.63 0.09 35

Tertiary 1.69 0.09 588 1.70 0.09 268 1.69 0.09 198 1.69 0.10 122 1.66 0.09 58

Social Class


Non-manual 1.68 0.10 200 1.70 0.09 88 1.67 0.10 57 1.66 0.11 55 1.64 0.09 32


#1.72 0.10 247 1.74 0.09 174 1.68 0.10 44 1.63 0.10 29 1.59 0.08 18

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

Table 4.9 Mean and SD values of height (m) for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.10 Mean and SD values of height (m) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 1.77 0.08 125 1.79 0.07 60 1.78 0.08 47 1.72 0.08 18 1.75 0.06 5

Ex-smoker 1.76 0.06 138 1.79 0.06 39 1.76 0.06 47 1.73 0.06 52 1.71 0.06 40

Never smoked 1.77 0.07 306 1.79 0.07 156 1.75 0.06 89 1.77 0.07 61 1.72 0.07 41

Location


Small town 1.75 0.06 23 1.77 0.04 10 1.76 0.04 6 1.72 0.10 7 1.76 N/A 1

Large town 1.78 0.07 232 1.79 0.07 140 1.75 0.07 55 1.75 0.07 37 1.70 0.06 19

City 1.77 0.07 160 1.78 0.07 62 1.78 0.07 46 1.74 0.07 52 1.72 0.07 49

Education Level

Primary 1.73 0.07 38 1.79 0.06 6 1.76 0.05 11 1.71 0.07 21 1.71 0.07 27

Intermediate 1.76 0.07 132 1.78 0.08 50 1.76 0.06 53 1.72 0.06 29 1.69 0.07 18

Secondary 1.79 0.06 147 1.80 0.06 93 1.76 0.06 33 1.77 0.06 21 1.70 0.05 15

Tertiary 1.77 0.07 250 1.78 0.07 106 1.76 0.07 84 1.77 0.07 60 1.74 0.06 26

Social Class


Non-manual 1.76 0.08 79 1.78 0.08 32 1.77 0.08 20 1.74 0.08 27 1.70 0.06 17

Skilled manual 1.77 0.07 93 1.79 0.07 32 1.77 0.07 42 1.72 0.04 19 1.71 0.06 20

Unskilled#


All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.11 Mean and SD values of height (m) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 1.64 0.06 135 1.66 0.06 72 1.61 0.05 43 1.61 0.06 20 1.54 0.05 8

Ex-smoker 1.64 0.06 149 1.66 0.05 47 1.64 0.06 56 1.61 0.06 46 1.58 0.07 38

Never smoked 1.62 0.07 309 1.64 0.06 122 1.62 0.07 114 1.59 0.07 73 1.58 0.05 55

Location


Small town 1.60 0.06 24 1.64 0.03 6 1.59 0.09 7 1.59 0.04 11 1.59 N/A 1

Large town 1.64 0.07 204 1.66 0.06 124 1.63 0.07 49 1.60 0.08 31 1.58 0.06 35

City 1.62 0.06 178 1.64 0.05 52 1.62 0.06 72 1.61 0.06 54 1.58 0.07 49

Education Level

Primary 1.60 0.09 29 1.69 0.03 3 1.63 0.11 10 1.57 0.06 16 1.56 0.05 23

Intermediate 1.61 0.06 92 1.65 0.06 16 1.61 0.05 41 1.60 0.07 35 1.57 0.06 25

Secondary 1.63 0.06 128 1.66 0.05 57 1.61 0.06 46 1.60 0.06 25 1.57 0.06 20

Tertiary 1.64 0.06 338 1.65 0.06 162 1.64 0.07 114 1.61 0.06 62 1.61 0.06 32

Social Class


Non-manual 1.62 0.07 121 1.65 0.06 56 1.62 0.07 37 1.59 0.07 28 1.57 0.06 15


#1.63 0.07 107 1.65 0.06 66 1.62 0.08 24 1.58 0.07 17 1.56 0.07 12

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.12 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 26.5 5.0 259 25.3 4.2 131 27.6 5.7 90 28.1 5.1 38 25.9 3.8 13

Ex-smoker 27.6 5.2 286 25.3 4.1 86 28.3 5.3 103 29.0 5.3 97 28.3 4.2 77

Never smoked 26.8 5.1 614 25.3 4.2 277 27.1 4.1 203 29.6 6.5 134 27.4 4.0 96

Location


Small town 27.1 5.1 47 26.0 5.0 16 25.4 4.4 13 29.3 5.3 18 26.2 0.6 2

Large town 26.5 4.7 434 25.4 4.4 263 27.4 4.5 104 29.5 4.7 67 27.9 3.8 53

City 27.4 5.8 338 25.2 3.9 114 27.9 5.6 118 29.2 7.0 106 27.2 4.4 98

Education Level

Primary 29.5 7.1 67 25.0 3.7 9 27.5 4.5 21 31.7 8.1 37 28.8 4.8 50

Intermediate 28.5 5.4 224 26.2 3.8 66 29.3 5.5 94 29.7 6.1 64 27.2 4.7 43

Secondary 26.3 4.8 275 24.9 4.3 150 27.6 4.4 79 28.6 5.3 46 27.0 3.3 35

Tertiary 26.4 4.6 585 25.3 4.2 266 26.6 4.3 198 28.4 5.0 121 27.3 3.1 57

Social Class


Non-manual 27.4 5.8 199 25.5 4.9 87 27.8 5.7 57 29.9 6.1 55 27.3 3.9 32

Skilled manual 28.4 4.8 149 26.7 4.2 47 28.8 5.1 66 29.6 4.6 36 29.1 4.8 36

Unskilled#


All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.13 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 26.4 4.2 125 24.9 3.5 60 27.3 4.3 47 29.5 4.0 18 27.0 2.0 5

Ex-smoker 28.6 4.8 137 26.2 4.0 39 29.7 5.5 47 29.4 4.1 51 28.3 4.4 39

Never smoked 27.5 4.6 305 26.0 4.2 155 28.4 3.4 89 29.9 5.7 61 27.9 4.3 41

Location


Small town 27.2 4.9 23 24.7 3.9 10 27.6 5.3 6 30.4 4.4 7 25.7 N/A 1

Large town 27.2 4.5 230 26.0 4.2 139 28.1 4.3 55 30.7 4.1 36 28.5 3.5 18

City 27.3 4.6 160 25.4 3.9 62 28.1 4.1 46 29.0 5.0 52 27.7 4.7 49

Education Level

Primary 29.3 5.4 38 26.6 3.4 6 28.4 4.8 11 30.5 5.9 21 29.2 5.4 27

Intermediate 28.0 4.8 132 26.3 3.8 50 29.1 5.4 53 28.3 4.9 29 25.8 3.6 18

Secondary 26.4 4.4 147 25.0 4.1 93 28.1 3.3 33 29.9 4.7 21 27.0 3.5 15

Tertiary 27.7 4.4 248 26.2 4.0 105 28.2 3.8 84 29.6 4.8 59 27.3 2.0 25

Social Class


Non-manual 28.7 5.9 78 26.8 5.4 31 29.2 6.8 20 30.6 5.1 27 27.4 2.9 17


#25.8 4.4 140 24.7 3.6 108 29.5 3.8 20 29.8 6.6 12 31.2 4.3 6

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.14 Mean and SD values of BMI (kg/m2) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 26.6 5.7 134 25.6 4.6 71 28.0 7.0 43 26.8 5.6 20 25.2 4.6 8

Ex-smoker 26.8 5.4 149 24.5 4.1 47 27.2 4.7 56 28.6 6.4 46 28.3 4.0 38

Never smoked 26.2 5.4 309 24.5 4.2 122 26.1 4.3 114 29.4 7.2 73 27.0 3.8 55

Location


Small town 27.0 5.5 24 28.3 6.1 6 23.5 2.4 7 28.6 5.9 11 26.6 N/A 1

Large town 25.8 4.8 204 24.8 4.5 124 26.7 4.8 49 28.1 5.0 31 27.6 4.0 35

City 27.5 6.8 178 25.1 3.9 52 27.7 6.4 72 29.5 8.6 54 26.7 4.0 49

Education Level

Primary 29.8 9.0 29 22.0 1.8 3 26.6 4.2 10 33.3 10.3 16 28.4 4.1 23

Intermediate 29.2 6.1 92 25.8 3.6 16 29.5 5.5 41 30.3 7.2 35 26.5 4.5 25

Secondary 26.2 5.1 128 24.6 4.6 57 27.3 5.1 46 27.5 5.7 25 27.0 3.3 20

Tertiary 25.4 4.5 337 24.8 4.3 161 25.4 4.2 114 27.2 5.0 62 27.3 3.8 32

Social Class


Non-manual 26.6 5.6 121 24.8 4.5 56 27.1 5.0 37 29.3 7.0 28 27.1 5.0 15


#26.3 6.5 107 24.3 3.9 66 27.3 5.1 24 32.6 10.9 17 27.9 3.4 12

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.15 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 90.7 14.3 238 86.6 12.7 119 94.4 14.3 85 95.8 15.5 34 91.7 14.6 11

Ex-smoker 92.8 14.3 275 85.0 12.5 83 94.8 14.0 98 97.5 13.4 94 98.4 12.4 69

Never smoked 89.8 13.2 582 85.3 11.7 263 90.2 11.7 192 98.1 14.4 127 94.5 12.7 89

Location


Small town 90.6 13.0 42 89.0 12.0 14 85.9 14.1 11 94.9 12.5 17 90.5 8.5 2

Large town 90.4 13.3 413 86.9 11.9 247 92.5 13.1 98 99.5 13.9 68 95.7 12.1 50

City 91.5 14.4 321 84.7 12.0 105 92.8 14.2 114 96.9 14.2 102 94.9 13.6 89

Education Level

Primary 97.9 16.3 62 85.2 11.6 8 91.8 12.7 20 104.5 16.1 34 100.5 14.0 46

Intermediate 95.6 13.8 201 89.9 12.4 59 97.5 13.8 85 98.8 13.6 57 94.1 14.6 38

Secondary 88.5 13.1 256 84.3 11.6 137 92.2 11.3 75 95.1 15.4 44 92.5 10.1 31

Tertiary 89.1 13.1 568 85.4 12.1 258 89.9 12.6 191 95.9 12.8 119 95.1 11.1 54

Social Class


Non-manual 90.6 15.1 183 84.7 12.2 79 91.6 14.5 54 98.9 15.9 50 94.3 10.7 30


#87.9 13.6 230 83.7 10.9 164 96.2 13.1 42 102.3 15.4 24 96.6 13.5 12

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.16 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 94.3 13.2 112 88.3 12.0 52 97.4 10.3 44 105.5 14.2 16 102.9 7.9 4

Ex-smoker 99.1 12.4 131 91.0 12.2 37 101.8 12.9 45 102.8 9.0 49 104.3 11.9 35

Never smoked 94.1 12.3 282 89.0 11.0 142 96.1 10.0 83 104.0 11.8 57 100.9 11.7 37

Location


Small town 95.8 12.8 19 88.9 11.9 8 96.4 13.8 5 104.4 8.8 6 84.5 N/A 1

Large town 94.5 13.1 215 90.1 11.4 127 96.9 12.5 51 106.2 11.7 37 102.8 9.5 18

City 95.4 12.0 147 88.1 12.3 54 97.6 9.8 44 101.5 9.2 49 102.5 12.8 44

Education Level

Primary 100.7 14.7 33 90.1 12.4 5 95.8 12.2 10 106.5 14.5 18 107.9 12.6 24

Intermediate 97.2 14.0 118 91.4 13.0 44 99.9 14.1 48 101.9 12.3 26 103.0 15.1 14

Secondary 91.5 12.2 132 86.3 10.3 81 97.2 8.9 31 103.7 11.5 20 95.7 9.3 13

Tertiary 96.1 11.5 239 90.7 11.2 100 97.3 9.8 81 103.8 9.1 58 100.7 7.0 25

Social Class


Non-manual 98.6 15.6 69 90.0 11.0 25 99.2 15.9 20 107.1 15.0 24 99.7 6.7 15


#89.4 12.5 127 85.5 10.3 100 103.5 9.4 18 104.2 9.2 9 111.3 14.7 3

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.17 Mean and SD values of waist circumference (cm) for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 87.4 14.5 126 85.2 13.2 67 91.2 17.1 41 87.3 11.2 18 85.4 14.0 7

Ex-smoker 87.0 13.4 144 80.2 10.5 46 88.9 11.9 53 91.7 15.0 45 92.3 9.8 34

Never smoked 85.6 12.8 300 81.0 11.0 121 85.7 11.0 109 93.3 14.6 70 89.9 11.5 52

Location


Small town 86.3 11.8 23 89.1 13.3 6 77.2 6.8 6 89.7 11.3 11 96.6 N/A 1

Large town 85.8 12.1 198 83.5 11.6 120 87.7 12.0 47 91.6 12.2 31 91.7 11.6 32

City 88.1 15.2 174 81.1 10.7 51 89.8 15.7 70 92.7 16.5 53 87.6 9.9 45

Education Level

Primary 94.6 17.6 29 77.0 0.8 3 87.8 12.6 10 102.2 18.1 16 92.5 10.8 22

Intermediate 93.4 13.3 83 85.5 9.6 15 94.4 12.9 37 96.1 14.3 31 88.9 11.6 24

Secondary 85.2 13.2 124 81.5 12.9 56 88.6 11.6 44 87.8 14.6 24 90.1 10.2 18

Tertiary 84.0 11.7 329 82.1 11.6 158 84.4 11.6 10 88.4 11.3 61 90.3 11.8 29

Social Class


Non-manual 85.8 12.6 114 82.2 12.0 54 87.2 11.8 34 91.3 12.9 26 96.1 13.1 14


#86.0 14.8 103 80.7 11.2 64 90.7 13.0 24 101.2 18.4 15 87.5 9.9 10

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.18 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 0.88 0.09 238 0.85 0.08 119 0.90 0.09 85 0.92 0.10 34 0.92 0.07 11

Ex-smoker 0.89 0.08 275 0.84 0.07 83 0.89 0.08 98 0.92 0.08 94 0.92 0.08 69

Never smoked 0.87 0.08 581 0.84 0.08 263 0.87 0.08 192 0.91 0.09 126 0.90 0.08 89

Location


Small town 0.88 0.08 42 0.86 0.07 14 0.87 0.08 11 0.90 0.09 17 0.84 0.04 2

Large town 0.87 0.08 412 0.86 0.08 247 0.88 0.08 98 0.93 0.09 67 0.91 0.07 50

City 0.87 0.08 321 0.83 0.07 105 0.89 0.09 114 0.90 0.08 102 0.90 0.08 89

Education Level

Primary 0.92 0.10 61 0.84 0.07 8 0.89 0.08 20 0.96 0.09 33 0.94 0.08 46

Intermediate 0.90 0.08 201 0.86 0.07 59 0.91 0.07 85 0.92 0.07 57 0.91 0.09 38

Secondary 0.86 0.08 256 0.84 0.07 137 0.89 0.08 75 0.90 0.10 44 0.89 0.07 31

Tertiary 0.86 0.08 568 0.84 0.08 258 0.87 0.08 191 0.91 0.08 119 0.89 0.08 54

Social Class


Non-manual 0.87 0.09 182 0.84 0.08 79 0.87 0.07 54 0.93 0.10 49 0.90 0.07 30


#0.86 0.09 230 0.84 0.08 164 0.92 0.10 42 0.94 0.08 24 0.93 0.08 12

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.19 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 0.92 0.08 112 0.87 0.06 52 0.94 0.07 44 0.99 0.07 16 0.97 0.05 4

Ex-smoker 0.93 0.07 131 0.87 0.06 37 0.95 0.06 45 0.97 0.06 49 0.97 0.07 35

Never smoked 0.90 0.08 282 0.86 0.08 142 0.91 0.06 83 0.96 0.07 57 0.95 0.07 37

Location


Small town 0.93 0.09 19 0.87 0.09 8 0.94 0.06 5 0.99 0.07 6 0.81 N/A 1

Large town 0.90 0.08 215 0.88 0.07 127 0.92 0.07 51 0.97 0.06 37 0.96 0.06 18

City 0.91 0.08 147 0.86 0.07 54 0.93 0.07 44 0.95 0.06 49 0.95 0.07 44

Education Level

Primary 0.96 0.09 33 0.87 0.07 5 0.93 0.08 10 1.00 0.07 18 0.99 0.07 24

Intermediate 0.92 0.08 118 0.87 0.07 44 0.93 0.07 48 0.96 0.07 26 0.97 0.08 14

Secondary 0.89 0.09 132 0.85 0.07 81 0.94 0.07 31 0.98 0.07 20 0.92 0.08 13

Tertiary 0.91 0.07 239 0.88 0.07 100 0.92 0.06 81 0.96 0.05 58 0.94 0.05 25

Social Class


Non-manual 0.93 0.09 69 0.88 0.08 25 0.91 0.05 20 0.99 0.08 24 0.96 0.04 15


#0.88 0.09 127 0.85 0.07 100 0.98 0.08 18 1.00 0.06 9 1.01 0.05 3

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.20 Mean and SD values of waist to hip ratio for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 0.85 0.08 126 0.83 0.08 67 0.87 0.08 41 0.86 0.09 18 0.89 0.07 7

Ex-smoker 0.84 0.07 144 0.81 0.07 46 0.85 0.07 53 0.87 0.07 45 0.88 0.06 34

Never smoked 0.83 0.07 298 0.81 0.07 121 0.84 0.07 109 0.86 0.07 69 0.86 0.07 52

Location


Small town 0.84 0.06 23 0.84 0.04 6 0.82 0.06 6 0.85 0.07 11 0.86 N/A 1

Large town 0.84 0.08 196 0.83 0.07 120 0.85 0.07 47 0.87 0.08 30 0.88 0.06 32

City 0.84 0.08 174 0.80 0.07 51 0.86 0.08 70 0.86 0.06 53 0.85 0.06 45

Education Level

Primary 0.88 0.09 28 0.80 0.05 3 0.85 0.07 10 0.92 0.09 15 0.89 0.05 22

Intermediate 0.87 0.07 83 0.83 0.07 15 0.89 0.07 37 0.88 0.05 31 0.88 0.08 24

Secondary 0.83 0.07 124 0.82 0.07 56 0.86 0.06 44 0.83 0.07 24 0.87 0.06 18

Tertiary 0.83 0.08 329 0.82 0.07 158 0.83 0.08 110 0.86 0.07 61 0.85 0.07 29

Social Class


Non-manual 0.84 0.07 113 0.82 0.07 54 0.84 0.06 34 0.87 0.07 25 0.85 0.04 15


#0.84 0.08 103 0.81 0.08 64 0.87 0.09 24 0.90 0.07 15 0.90 0.06 9

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.21 Mean and SD values of percentage body fat for the total population by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 28.4 9.6 258 26.1 9.8 130 29.9 9.3 90 32.5 7.2 38 31.1 8.0 11

Ex-smoker 30.5 8.8 283 26.0 8.6 86 32.2 8.6 103 32.7 7.7 94 33.3 7.9 68

Never smoked 28.0 9.0 608 24.0 8.7 276 30.2 7.3 202 32.9 8.6 130 32.6 7.0 83

Location


Small town 28.5 10.7 46 23.0 12.3 16 27.1 6.8 13 34.7 8.6 17 31.9 11.9 2

Large town 27.6 9.1 429 25.3 8.9 261 30.4 8.7 103 32.6 7.3 65 33.7 6.8 42

City 29.3 9.6 334 24.3 9.4 114 31.2 8.9 118 32.6 8.4 102 32.0 7.6 90

Education Level

Primary 31.2 9.9 66 20.9 6.5 9 30.4 9.6 21 34.3 9.1 36 33.3 7.4 42

Intermediate 29.6 10.0 220 23.1 8.5 66 31.7 9.3 94 33.6 9.2 60 32.5 7.2 36

Secondary 26.8 9.8 275 22.9 9.5 150 30.8 8.2 79 32.5 7.1 46 32.6 7.6 30

Tertiary 28.9 8.2 580 26.6 8.7 264 30.0 7.3 197 31.9 7.4 119 32.7 7.9 53

Social Class


Non-manual 30.2 8.8 196 27.7 8.9 87 31.3 8.5 57 33.1 7.7 52 30.5 7.0 31


#25.4 10.5 246 21.9 9.0 174 32.7 8.1 44 35.6 9.7 28 34.7 6.7 14

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Table 4.22 Mean and SD values of percentage body fat for males by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 22.2 7.2 125 18.6 6.4 60 24.4 6.4 47 28.4 5.2 18 25.8 3.2 4

Ex-smoker 25.2 7.8 136 19.3 6.3 39 26.8 8.2 47 28.2 5.8 50 29.3 7.3 34

Never smoked 22.8 7.3 303 19.5 7.0 154 25.6 5.5 89 27.1 6.2 60 28.3 5.7 40

Location


Small town 22.0 8.8 23 16.0 6.8 10 23.6 6.3 6 29.2 7.9 7 23.5 N/A 1

Large town 22.8 7.7 228 20.1 7.1 138 25.9 7.3 55 28.5 5.3 35 29.4 6.2 15

City 23.0 7.3 159 18.2 6.6 62 24.5 6.5 46 27.5 5.1 51 28.3 6.8 47

Education Level

Primary 26.7 8.3 40 17.4 4.1 6 26.0 8.7 11 29.7 7.0 21 31.0 7.1 23

Intermediate 24.2 7.7 130 20.2 6.4 50 26.8 7.7 53 26.7 6.6 27 29.2 7.4 16

Secondary 21.0 7.6 147 18.1 7.1 93 24.5 4.7 33 28.4 6.5 21 27.3 6.5 14

Tertiary 23.5 6.8 247 19.9 6.6 104 25.3 6.1 84 27.3 4.8 59 26.7 3.9 25

Social Class


Non-manual 25.1 8.9 77 21.4 9.1 31 25.3 8.4 20 29.4 7.2 26 26.8 5.5 17

Skilled manual 24.8 6.6 92 21.8 6.8 32 25.5 5.8 42 28.6 5.9 18 29.9 7.2 17

Unskilled#


18-64y ≥ 65y

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

Table 4.23 Mean and SD values of percentage body fat for females by demographic and lifestyle variables and by age group


Smoking status

Smoker 34.1 7.7 133 32.6 7.3 70 35.8 8.3 43 36.1 6.9 20 34.1 8.5 7

Ex-smoker 35.4 6.5 147 31.7 5.6 47 36.7 6.0 56 37.7 6.3 44 37.4 6.4 34

Never smoked 33.1 7.6 305 29.7 7.2 122 33.8 6.4 113 37.8 7.2 70 36.5 5.8 43

Location


Small town 35.0 8.2 23 34.7 10.5 6 30.1 6.0 7 38.5 6.9 10 40.3 N/A 1

Large town 33.1 7.2 201 31.1 6.7 123 35.5 7.3 48 37.4 6.3 30 36.1 6.0 27

City 34.9 7.8 175 31.5 6.8 52 35.4 7.6 72 37.8 7.9 51 36.2 6.2 43

Education Level

Primary 37.4 8.6 28 27.9 3.9 3 35.3 8.4 10 40.7 7.8 15 36.0 7.0 19

Intermediate 37.4 7.5 90 32.2 7.6 16 38.1 7.1 41 39.2 6.9 33 35.2 5.8 20

Secondary 33.3 7.6 128 30.6 7.8 57 35.2 7.2 46 36.0 5.7 25 37.3 4.8 16

Tertiary 32.8 6.9 333 31.0 6.9 160 33.5 6.0 113 36.4 6.7 60 38.1 6.6 28

Social Class


Non-manual 33.5 6.9 119 31.2 6.6 56 34.5 6.7 37 36.8 6.4 26 35.1 6.0 14


#32.7 8.7 106 29.6 7.5 66 36.0 8.1 24 40.6 8.1 16 34.5 6.5 8

# Includes students

All 18-35y 36-50y 51-64y

18-64y ≥ 65y

Documents

National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) methodology Ethical ... · Weight and body composition were measured in duplicate using a Tanita body composition analyzer BC-420MA (Tanita