Naming Inorganic Compounds. Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal

Naming Inorganic Naming Inorganic CompoundsCompounds

Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals

The metal will take its positive oxidation The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal will have to number and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number.take its negative oxidation number. Only one compound can be formedOnly one compound can be formed

Name of Name of MetalMetal

Root of Root of Non-metalNon-metal ))(( -ide-ide

Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals

Example 1: Sodium reacts with oxygen to Example 1: Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce Naproduce Na22O, what is the name of this O, what is the name of this

compoundcompound Since there is only one possible compound, Since there is only one possible compound,

we do not have to indicate the number of we do not have to indicate the number of elements elements

sodium oxidesodium oxide

Rule 1: Rule 1: Metals from Group Rule 1: Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-MetalsNumber 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals

Example 2: What is the chemical formula Example 2: What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxidefor aluminum oxide First write the symbols of the elementsFirst write the symbols of the elements Next write the oxidation number of each Next write the oxidation number of each

element above that elementelement above that element Switch the oxidation numbers and reduceSwitch the oxidation numbers and reduce

AlAl OO-2-233 22

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check

What is the name of MgWhat is the name of Mg33NN22?? magnesium nitridemagnesium nitride

What is the name of LiWhat is the name of Li22Se?Se? lithium selenidelithium selenide

What is the formula for indium chloride?What is the formula for indium chloride? InClInCl33

What is the formula for barium phosphide?What is the formula for barium phosphide? BaBa33PP22

Rule 2: Transition Metals Bound to Rule 2: Transition Metals Bound to Non-MetalsNon-Metals

Transition metals may have more than one Transition metals may have more than one oxidation numberoxidation number

The metal will take one of its positive The metal will take one of its positive oxidation numbers and the non-metal will oxidation numbers and the non-metal will have to take its negative oxidation number.have to take its negative oxidation number. Since the metal has more than one possible Since the metal has more than one possible

oxidation number, multiple compounds can be oxidation number, multiple compounds can be formedformed

We need a distinct name for eachWe need a distinct name for each


Root of Root of Non-metalNon-metal ))(( -ide-ide

Metal’s Oxidation State Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeralas a Roman Numeral ))((


Example 1: What is the name of IrBrExample 1: What is the name of IrBr66?? First we need to determine how many electrons First we need to determine how many electrons

that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6 that iridium needs to lose in order to satisfy 6 bromine atoms.bromine atoms.

Each bromine needs one electronEach bromine needs one electron

There is only one iridium in this compoundThere is only one iridium in this compound

Therefore, the iridium atom will have to supply all six Therefore, the iridium atom will have to supply all six electrons, giving it a +6 oxidation number.electrons, giving it a +6 oxidation number.

iridium(VI) bromideiridium(VI) bromide


Example 2: What is the formula forExample 2: What is the formula for

mercury (II) nitride?mercury (II) nitride? First write the symbols of the elementsFirst write the symbols of the elements Next write the oxidation number of each Next write the oxidation number of each

element above that elementelement above that element Switch the oxidation numbers and reduceSwitch the oxidation numbers and reduce

HgHg NN-3-322 33


What is the name of RuN?What is the name of RuN? ruthenium(III) nitrideruthenium(III) nitride

What is the name of MnOWhat is the name of MnO33 manganese(VI) oxidemanganese(VI) oxide

What is the formula for paladium(IV) What is the formula for paladium(IV) bromide?bromide? PdBrPdBr44

What is the formula for molybdenum(V) What is the formula for molybdenum(V) sulfide?sulfide? MoMo22SS55

Rule 3: Nonmetals Bound to Rule 3: Nonmetals Bound to NonmetalsNonmetals

Using prefixesUsing prefixes The prefix mono- is only used on the second The prefix mono- is only used on the second

elementelementEx: PFEx: PF33 is named is named phosphorus trifluoridephosphorus trifluoride

If two vowels are adjacent, leave themIf two vowels are adjacent, leave themEx: NIEx: NI33 is named is named nitrogen triiodidenitrogen triiodide

In the case of monoxide only, drop one “o”In the case of monoxide only, drop one “o”


Since nonmetals have more than one Since nonmetals have more than one oxidation number, there will always be oxidation number, there will always be more than one compound producedmore than one compound produced Therefore we have to have a distinct name for Therefore we have to have a distinct name for

each compoundeach compound To do this we use a prefix to indicate how To do this we use a prefix to indicate how

many atoms of each element are presentmany atoms of each element are presentOne – mono- One – mono-

Two – di-Two – di-

Three – tri-Three – tri-

Four – tetra-Four – tetra-

Five – penta-Five – penta-

Six – hexa-Six – hexa-

Seven – hepta-Seven – hepta-

Eight – octa- Eight – octa-


Ex 1: What is the name of PEx 1: What is the name of P22SS33?? diphosphorus trisulfidediphosphorus trisulfide

Ex 2: What is the name of AsEx 2: What is the name of As77II33?? heptaarsenic triiodideheptaarsenic triiodide

Ex 3: What is the chemical formula of Ex 3: What is the chemical formula of dihydrogen monoxide?dihydrogen monoxide? HH22OO

Ex 4: What is the chemical formula of Ex 4: What is the chemical formula of dinitrogen pentaoxide?dinitrogen pentaoxide? NN22OO55

Rule 4: Metals from Groups 1, 2, 3 Rule 4: Metals from Groups 1, 2, 3 Bound to Polyatomic IonsBound to Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic Ions – strongly bound group of Polyatomic Ions – strongly bound group of atoms that have either lost or gained atoms that have either lost or gained electrons and become charged.electrons and become charged. List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back List of common Polyatomic Ions are on the back

of your Periodic Tableof your Periodic Table Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a Polyatomic ions act as a single atom, with a

single namesingle name Subscripts within the ion cannot be changedSubscripts within the ion cannot be changed Since there is only one oxidation number for the Since there is only one oxidation number for the

metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound metals and Polyatomic Ion, only one compound can be produced.can be produced.

Rule 4: Metals with a single Oxidation Rule 4: Metals with a single Oxidation Number Bound to Polyatomic IonsNumber Bound to Polyatomic Ions

Naming these compounds is just like rule Naming these compounds is just like rule 1, except we do not add –ide to the end of 1, except we do not add –ide to the end of the polyatomic ionthe polyatomic ion

Name of Name of MetalMetal ))(( Name of Name of

Polyatomic IonPolyatomic Ion


What is the name of Mg(NOWhat is the name of Mg(NO33))22

First, you should recognize that there are First, you should recognize that there are more than two elements involved, which more than two elements involved, which means that a Polyatomic Ion is involvedmeans that a Polyatomic Ion is involved

Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table Next, look up the Metal in the periodic table and confirm that it has a single oxidation and confirm that it has a single oxidation numbernumber

Look up the name of the Polyatomic IonLook up the name of the Polyatomic Ion

magnesium nitratemagnesium nitrate


What is the formula for calcium iodite?What is the formula for calcium iodite? First, since the second name does not end in First, since the second name does not end in

–ide, a polyatomic ion is involved.–ide, a polyatomic ion is involved. Write the symbol for calcium and formula for Write the symbol for calcium and formula for

iodite.iodite. Write the oxidation numbers above the metal Write the oxidation numbers above the metal

and the polyatomic ionand the polyatomic ion Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis

around the polyatomic ion if necessaryaround the polyatomic ion if necessary

CaCa IOIO22-1-122 11( ( ) )


What is the name of KHSOWhat is the name of KHSO44?? potassium hydrogen sulfatepotassium hydrogen sulfate potassium bisulfatepotassium bisulfate

What is the name of InWhat is the name of In22(C(C22OO44))33?? indium oxalateindium oxalate

What is the formula of strontium bromate?What is the formula of strontium bromate? Sr(BrOSr(BrO33))22

What is the formula for germanium What is the formula for germanium phosphate?phosphate? GeGe33(PO(PO44))44

Rule 5: Transition Metals Bound to Rule 5: Transition Metals Bound to Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

When the metal has more than one When the metal has more than one possible oxidation number, more than one possible oxidation number, more than one compound can be formedcompound can be formed We must use Roman Numerals to indicate We must use Roman Numerals to indicate

which oxidation number the metal is usingwhich oxidation number the metal is using


Name of Name of Polyatomic IonPolyatomic Ion

Metal’s Oxidation State Metal’s Oxidation State as a Roman Numeralas a Roman Numeral ))((

Rule 5: Transition Metals Bound to Rule 5: Transition Metals Bound to Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

What is the name of RhMnOWhat is the name of RhMnO44?? First, there are more than two elements involvedFirst, there are more than two elements involved Look up the oxidation and name of MnOLook up the oxidation and name of MnO44

It could be permanganate (-1) or manganate (-2) It could be permanganate (-1) or manganate (-2) Finally, figure out which oxidation number the Finally, figure out which oxidation number the

metal is using.metal is using.If this is permanganate, rhodium would have to have a If this is permanganate, rhodium would have to have a +1 oxidation number, this is not possible for rhodium.+1 oxidation number, this is not possible for rhodium.Therefore, this must be manganate, so rhodium would Therefore, this must be manganate, so rhodium would have to take its +2 oxidation number have to take its +2 oxidation number

rhodium(II) manganaterhodium(II) manganate

Rule 5: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Rule 5: Metals with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Bound to Polyatomic IonsNumbers Bound to Polyatomic Ions

What is the formula for nickel (II) ferrocyanide?What is the formula for nickel (II) ferrocyanide? First, since the second name does not end in -ide, a First, since the second name does not end in -ide, a

polyatomic ion is involvedpolyatomic ion is involved Write the symbol for nickel and formula for Write the symbol for nickel and formula for

ferrocyanideferrocyanide Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the Write the oxidation numbers above the metal and the

polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the Switch the numbers, and use parenthesis around the

polyatomic ion if necessary and reducepolyatomic ion if necessary and reduce

-4-422 44Fe(CN)Fe(CN)66NiNi ( ( ) )

22


What is the name of Cr(IO)What is the name of Cr(IO)33?? chromium(III) hypoioditechromium(III) hypoiodite

What is the name of CuMnOWhat is the name of CuMnO44?? copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate copper(II) manganate or copper(I) permanganate

What is the formula for palladium(IV) What is the formula for palladium(IV) ferricyanide?ferricyanide? PdPd33(Fe(CN)(Fe(CN)66))44

What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) dichormate?dichormate? Mo(CrMo(Cr22OO77))33

Rule 6: Binary AcidsRule 6: Binary Acids

Acid – any compound that is capable of Acid – any compound that is capable of giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton)giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton) Strength of acid depends on how easily the Strength of acid depends on how easily the

hydrogen ion is releasedhydrogen ion is released Anytime a compound starts with H, the Anytime a compound starts with H, the

compound is typically an acidcompound is typically an acidWater (HWater (H22O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) and hydrogen peroxide (H22OO22) are ) are noteworthy exceptionsnoteworthy exceptions

Hydro-Hydro- Root of Root of Non-metalNon-metal ))(( -ic-ic acidacid

Rule 6: Binary AcidsRule 6: Binary Acids

Ex 1: What is the name of HCl?Ex 1: What is the name of HCl? Since the compound starts with H, it is Since the compound starts with H, it is

probably an acid.probably an acid. Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the

word acidword acid

hydrochloric acidhydrochloric acid


What is the name of HAt?What is the name of HAt? hydroastatic acidhydroastatic acid

What is the name of HBr?What is the name of HBr? hydrobromic acidhydrobromic acid

What is the formula for hydroiodic acid?What is the formula for hydroiodic acid? HIHI

What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid?What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid? HFHF

Rule 7: Polyatomic AcidsRule 7: Polyatomic Acids

Identifying Polyatomic AcidsIdentifying Polyatomic Acids Formula will start with H Formula will start with H Has three or more elementsHas three or more elements

Naming depends on the ending of the Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion Ions ending in -ate or -ide Ions ending in -ate or -ide

Ions ending in -iteIons ending in -ite

acidacidRoot of Root of

Polyatomic IonPolyatomic Ion(( -ic-ic))

acidacidRoot of Root of

Polyatomic IonPolyatomic Ion(( -ous-ous))


Ex 1: What is the name of HEx 1: What is the name of H33POPO44?? First, notice that since the compound starts First, notice that since the compound starts

with H, we are dealing with an acidwith H, we are dealing with an acidAlso, there are more than two elements; we should Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion think polyatomic ion

Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ionNext, look up the name of the polyatomic ion Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the Since phosphate ends in -ate, change the

suffix to -ic and add the word “acid.”suffix to -ic and add the word “acid.”

phosphoric acidphosphoric acid


Ex 2: What is the name of HEx 2: What is the name of H33POPO33?? First, notice that since the compound starts First, notice that since the compound starts

with H, we are dealing with an acidwith H, we are dealing with an acidAlso, there are more than two elements; we should Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion think polyatomic ion

Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ionNext, look up the name of the polyatomic ion Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix

to -ous and add the word “acid.”to -ous and add the word “acid.”

phosphorous acidphosphorous acid


Ex 3: What is the formula for aluminic acid?Ex 3: What is the formula for aluminic acid? Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this Since there is no hydro prefix, we know that this

must be a polyatomic acid.must be a polyatomic acid. Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must Next, the -ic ending means that the ion must

really end in -atereally end in -ateWe must be looking of the aluminate ionWe must be looking of the aluminate ion

Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be Because this is an acid, hydrogen will be involvedinvolved

Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch Write the symbols and oxidation numbers, switch the oxidation numbers, and reduce.the oxidation numbers, and reduce.

HH AlOAlO33-3-311 33


What is the formula for manganic acid?What is the formula for manganic acid? HH22MnOMnO44

What is the formula for sulfurous acid?What is the formula for sulfurous acid? HH22SOSO33

What is the name of HNOWhat is the name of HNO22?? nitrous acidnitrous acid

What is the name of HNOWhat is the name of HNO33?? nitric acidnitric acid

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Naming Inorganic Compounds. Rule 1: Metals from Group Number 1, 2, 3 Bound to Non-Metals The metal will take its positive oxidation number and the non-metal