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KS3 Chemistry
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© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 32
KS3 Chemistry
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 32
Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 32
antimony (Sb)
Is this element a or a ?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
AsFeFe
Mg SPMg SP
CuCu
metal non-metal
IISb
Hard to say!
Sb
Metal or non-metal?
iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20054 of 32
Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.
Non-metals are mostly on the right.
Metals are on the left and in the centre.
What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?
Xe
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Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
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Metal, non-metal or metalloid?
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Be
Sc Ti
Mg
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh
Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt
Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?
Al P
N O
S Cl
F Ne
Ar
Rn
I
Si
Xe
He
B C
As
silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal
What aremetalloids?
Which side are the non-metals on?
Which side are the
metals on?
Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and
sometimes like non-metals.
Metals are on the left and in
the centre.
Non-metals are mostly
on the right.
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What are the properties of metals?
Properties of metals strongdense
shiny malleable (easy to bend)
high melting point
sonorous(makes a sound)
high boiling pointductile
(can be drawn into wires)
good conductor of electricity
good conductor of heat
Do all metals have these properties?
solid
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Properties of metals and non-metals
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Metals and non-metals – true or false?
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Using metals
Can all metals do the same job?.
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Using metals activity
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Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 32
magnesium + acid
hydrogen
burning splint
Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as bubbles are produced.
What do the bubbles mean?
A gas is produced.
How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen?
Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube. A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen is the gas produced in this reaction.
Reaction of metals with acids
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metalnitratenitric acid
Reaction of metals with acids
When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and hydrogen gas.
The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid involved in the reaction:
When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a metal chloride.
When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt produced is a metal sulfate.
When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the salt produced is a metal nitrate.
metal hydrogensulfuricacid
hydrochloric acidacid metal
sulfatemetal
chloridesalt
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zinc chloride
Complete the word equations
Complete the word equations for metals reacting with acid:
hydrogennitric acid
magnesium nitratemagnesium ?
hydrogensulfuric acidiron iron
sulfate?
hydrogenhydrochloric acidzinc ?
hydrogensulfuric acidlead lead
sulfate??
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potassiumsodiumcalcium
magnesiumaluminium
zincironlead
(hydrogen)(hydrogen)coppersilvergold
incr
easi
ng
rea
ctiv
ity
Reactivity of metals
Some metals react more vigorously with acids than others.
Metals can be listed in order of how reactive they are.This list is called the reactivity series.
The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction.
A metal that is below hydrogen will not react with dilute acids.
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Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200518 of 32
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, it fizzes giving off carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the limewater test.
When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through limewater, it turns the limewater cloudy or milky white.
Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
Most metal carbonates are not very soluble and so the reactions may be slow.
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Reaction of metal carbonates with acids
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the products are a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
The salt produced depends on the metal carbonate and type of acid involved in the reaction:
When a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a metal chloride.
When a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt produced is a metal sulfate.
When a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid, the salt produced is a metal nitrate.
metal carbonate
carbon dioxide waternitric acid metal
nitratesulfuric
acidhydrochloric
acidacid metal sulfatemetal
chloridesalt
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carbon dioxide
Complete the word equations
sodium carbonate
carbon dioxide
nitricacid
sodium nitrate water
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal carbonates and an acid:
calcium carbonate
carbon dioxide
nitricacid
calcium nitrate water
? ?
?
metal carbonate
carbon dioxideacid salt water
zinc carbonate
zinc sulfate watersulfuric
acid ?? ?
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Using the products as a clue, what is the reaction between a base (such as a metal oxide) and an acid called?
Reaction of metal oxides with acids
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and water.
metal oxide wateracid salt
A metal oxide is a type of chemical called a base.
Bases are chemicals that react with an acid to produce a salt and water.
A base that is soluble in water is called an alkali.
neutralization
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iron chloride
Complete the word equations
Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal oxide and an acid:
nitric acid magnesium nitrate
magnesium oxide ?
watersulfuric acidzinc oxide zinc
sulfate?
hydrochloric acidiron oxide ?
metal oxide wateracid salt
water
water?
?
?
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Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200524 of 32
Chemical formulae – what is the ratio of atoms?
The name of a chemical can also be written as a formula.
A formula uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the ratio of atoms of each element present in the chemical.
calcium sulphate
magnesium nitrate
magnesium sulphate
sodium sulphate
calcium chloride
Name of salt
OSCaCaSO4
ONMgMg(NO3)2
OSMgMgSO4
OSNaNa2SO4
ClCaCaCl2
Ratio of atoms in saltFormula
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
4
6
4
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What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?
What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?
calcium nitrate
potassium sulphate
potassium nitrate
magnesium chloride
sodium chloride
Name of salt
6 O2 N1 CaCa(NO3)2
4 O1 S2 KK2SO4
3 O1 N1 KKNO3
2 Cl1 MgMgCl2
1 Cl1 NaNaCl
Ratio of atoms in saltFormula
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Writing equations using chemical formulae
The names of chemicals in a word equation can be replaced with chemical formulae.
When a chemical reaction is written using chemical formulae, the equation must be balanced.
Write down the formula for each chemical.
Count the number of atoms on each side of the equation.
zinc hydrogenhydrochloric acid
zinc chloride
1 Zn 1 H, 1 Cl 1 Zn, 2 Cl 2 H
Where needed, adjust the numbers in front of the formula
2 H, 2 Cl
so that the numbers of atoms on each side are balanced.
Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 2
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200527 of 32
Writing and balancing chemical equations
lead hydrogenhydrochloric acid
lead chloride
Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and hydrochloric acid.
Pb + HCl → PbCl2 + H2 2
Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
calcium hydrogenhydrochloric acid
calcium chloride
Ca + HCl → CaCl2 + H2 2
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200528 of 32
Balancing equations activity
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Contents
9E Metals and Metal Compounds
Metal compounds and acids
Symbol equations
Metals and non-metals
Summary activities
Metals and acids
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200530 of 32
Glossary
alkali – A soluble base.
base – A compound (such as a metal oxide) that reactswith an acid to produce a salt and water.
conductor – A material that allows heat and electricityto travel through it easily.
malleable – A material that can be hammered into shape.
metal – An element found on the left of the periodic table which is usually hard, shiny and a good conductor.
metal carbonate – A compound made of a metal, carbon and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
metal oxide – A compound made of a metal and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt and water.
property – A characteristic of a material.
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz